1
|
Arbilla G, Dantas G, da Silva CM. Tijuca forest contribution to the improvement of air quality and wellbeing of citizens in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Chemosphere 2023:139017. [PMID: 37244554 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The Tijuca Forest, one of the largest urban forests in the world, is a protected area of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. The forest and the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro coexist and interact, but their mutual influence regarding air quality is still not well known and a more detailed study is needed. Here, air samples were collected inside the forest, in Tijuca National Park (TNP) and Grajaú State Park (GSP) and in two representative urban areas (Tijuca and Del Castilho Districts). Sampling was performed using stainless steel canisters, and ozone precursor hydrocarbons (HCs) were analyzed with the aid of heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography. The sampling points within the forest are currently visited by hundreds of people. Total HC concentrations within the green area were clearly lower than in the urbanized districts, in spite of the anthropogenic impact of visitors and the proximity of the urban area. Median values were 21.5, 35.5, 57.9 and 148.6 μg m-3 at TNP, GSP, Tijuca and Del Castilho, respectively. Total HC concentrations were Del Castilho > Tijuca > GSP > TNP. The kinetic reactivity and ozone-forming potential of individual HCs were evaluated, as well as the intrinsic reactivity of air masses. The air masses in the urbanized area showed a higher average reactivity in all scales. In fact, in spite of the forest's contribution to isoprene emissions, its net contribution to ozone formation was lower than that of urbanized air masses, owing to a reduction in HC concentration, particularly for alkenes and monoaromatic compounds. It is not clear if the forest plays a role in the adsorption of pollutants or if it acts as a physical natural barrier to air masses carrying pollutants. Nonetheless, improving air quality within Tijuca Forest is essential to the welfare of citizens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Arbilla
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Dantas
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Cleyton M da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil; Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Campus Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20271-020, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
da Silva CM, Siciliano B, Dantas G, Arbilla G. An improvement of method TO-15A, aided by heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography, for the analysis of C2-C12 hydrocarbons in atmospheric samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
3
|
Dantas G, Gorne I, da Silva CM, Arbilla G. Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) Concentrations in Urban Areas Impacted by Chemical and Petrochemical Industrial Emissions. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2022; 108:204-211. [PMID: 34297169 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro is the second largest urban and industrial region in Brazil. While the south and south-east areas are affected by vehicular emissions, the districts and cities located in the northern area are subjected to industrial emissions and have the poorest air quality of the region. In this study, BTEX concentrations were determined in the District of Irajá, a residential area located in the north of the city of Rio de Janeiro, approximately 25 km from the industrial zone, as well as in the District of Jardim Primavera, in the city of Duque de Caxias. The mean values for total BTEX concentrations were 38.4 ± 11.7 and 44.6 ± 29.3 μg m-3, in Irajá and Jardim Primavera, respectively, which are higher than those previously reported for other areas. The benzene/toluene rates, (approximately 0.5 for both sampling sites), were also higher than typical values that were determined for diesel and gasoline emissions through dynamometer experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Dantas
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iuri Gorne
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cleyton Martins da Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Tijuca Campus, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Graciela Arbilla
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the largest threats to global health and imposes substantial burdens in terms of morbidity, mortality, and economic costs. The gut is a key conduit for the genesis and spread of antimicrobial resistance in enteric bacterial pathogens. Distinct bacterial species that cause enteric disease can exist as invasive enteropathogens that immediately evoke gastrointestinal distress, or pathobionts that can arise from established bacterial commensals to inflict dysbiosis and disease. Furthermore, various environmental reservoirs and stressors facilitate the evolution and transmission of resistance. In this review, we present a comprehensive discussion on circulating resistance profiles and gene mobilization strategies of the most problematic species of enteric bacterial pathogens. Importantly, we present emerging approaches toward surveillance of pathogens and their resistance elements as well as promising treatment strategies that can circumvent common resistance mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Wallace
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - S. R. S. Fishbein
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - G. Dantas
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,CONTACT G. Dantas Department of Pathology & Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Siciliano B, Dantas G, da Silva CM, Arbilla G. Increased ozone levels during the COVID-19 lockdown: Analysis for the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci Total Environ 2020; 737:139765. [PMID: 32480061 PMCID: PMC7263276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The first COVID-19 case in Brazil was confirmed on February 25, 2020. Partial lockdown measures came into force in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on March 23. While CO and NO2 levels showed significant reductions, PM10 levels were only reduced in the first partial lockdown week. By contrast, ozone levels increased in all studied locations. In this study, the factors leading to this behavior were analyzed. Monitoring data obtained at two automatic monitoring stations showed higher ratios between non-methane hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides (NMHC/NOx) during the partial lockdown (up to 37.3%). The increase in ozone concentrations during the social distancing measures could be attributed to the increase in NMHC/NOx ratios since atmospheric chemistry in Rio de Janeiro is under VOC-controlled conditions. However, the increase was higher when air masses arrived from the industrial areas, not only because of the higher NMHC/NOx ratios, but also because the reactivity of VOC was highly increased by these air masses, which are rich in aromatic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Siciliano
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Dantas
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cleyton M da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Veiga de Almeida University, Maracanã Campus, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Graciela Arbilla
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is a dynamic collection of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses that performs essential functions for immune development, pathogen colonization resistance, and food metabolism. Perturbation of the gut microbiome's ecological balance, commonly by antibiotics, can cause and exacerbate diseases. To predict and successfully rescue such perturbations, first, we must understand the underlying taxonomic and functional dynamics of the microbiome as it changes throughout infancy, childhood, and adulthood. We offer an overview of the healthy gut bacterial architecture over these life stages and comment on vulnerability to short and long courses of antibiotics. Second, the resilience of the microbiome after antibiotic perturbation depends on key characteristics, such as the nature, timing, duration, and spectrum of a course of antibiotics, as well as microbiome modulatory factors such as age, travel, underlying illness, antibiotic resistance pattern, and diet. In this review, we discuss acute and chronic antibiotic perturbations to the microbiome and resistome in the context of microbiome stability and dynamics. We specifically discuss key taxonomic and resistance gene changes that accompany antibiotic treatment of neonates, children, and adults. Restoration of a healthy gut microbial ecosystem after routine antibiotics will require rationally managed exposure to specific antibiotics and microbes. To that end, we review the use of fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics to direct recolonization of the gut ecosystem. We conclude with our perspectives on how best to assess, predict, and aid recovery of the microbiome after antibiotic perturbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - A. E. Langdon
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - G. Dantas
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dantas G, Siciliano B, França BB, da Silva CM, Arbilla G. The impact of COVID-19 partial lockdown on the air quality of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci Total Environ 2020; 729:139085. [PMID: 32361428 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.13908510.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The first COVID-19 case in Brazil was confirmed on February 25, 2020. On March 16, the state's governor declared public health emergency in the city of Rio de Janeiro and partial lockdown measures came into force a week later. The main goal of this work is to discuss the impact of the measures on the air quality of the city by comparing the particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone concentrations determined during the partial lockdown with values obtained in the same period of 2019 and also with the weeks prior to the virus outbreak. Concentrations varied with substantial differences among pollutants and also among the three studied monitoring stations. CO levels showed the most significant reductions (30.3-48.5%) since they were related to light-duty vehicular emissions. NO2 also showed reductions while PM10 levels were only reduced in the first lockdown week. In April, an increase in vehicular flux and movement of people was observed mainly as a consequence of the lack of consensus about the importance and need of social distancing and lockdown. Ozone concentrations increased probably due to the decrease in nitrogen oxides level. When comparing with the same period of 2019, NO2 and CO median values were 24.1-32.9 and 37.0-43.6% lower. Meteorological interferences, mainly the transport of pollutants from the industrial areas might have also impacted the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Dantas
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Siciliano
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Cleyton M da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Veiga de Almeida University, Maracanã Campus, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Graciela Arbilla
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dantas G, Siciliano B, França BB, da Silva CM, Arbilla G. The impact of COVID-19 partial lockdown on the air quality of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci Total Environ 2020; 729:139085. [PMID: 32361428 PMCID: PMC7194802 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The first COVID-19 case in Brazil was confirmed on February 25, 2020. On March 16, the state's governor declared public health emergency in the city of Rio de Janeiro and partial lockdown measures came into force a week later. The main goal of this work is to discuss the impact of the measures on the air quality of the city by comparing the particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone concentrations determined during the partial lockdown with values obtained in the same period of 2019 and also with the weeks prior to the virus outbreak. Concentrations varied with substantial differences among pollutants and also among the three studied monitoring stations. CO levels showed the most significant reductions (30.3-48.5%) since they were related to light-duty vehicular emissions. NO2 also showed reductions while PM10 levels were only reduced in the first lockdown week. In April, an increase in vehicular flux and movement of people was observed mainly as a consequence of the lack of consensus about the importance and need of social distancing and lockdown. Ozone concentrations increased probably due to the decrease in nitrogen oxides level. When comparing with the same period of 2019, NO2 and CO median values were 24.1-32.9 and 37.0-43.6% lower. Meteorological interferences, mainly the transport of pollutants from the industrial areas might have also impacted the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Dantas
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Siciliano
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Cleyton M da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Veiga de Almeida University, Maracanã Campus, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Graciela Arbilla
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mendes D, Dantas G, da Silva MA, de Seixas EG, da Silva CM, Arbilla G. Impact of the Petrochemical Complex on the Air Quality of an Urban Area in the City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 104:438-443. [PMID: 32062695 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the city of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), the districts located in the northern area are considered the most critical regarding ozone levels year-round. In this study, the potential factors that contribute to high levels of ozone in the district of Irajá were investigated. The obtained results clearly showed that, in spite of the high correlation of ozone concentrations with wind speed and temperature, ozone episodes depend on the ratios of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to nitrogen oxides (NOx) rather than on the individual VOC and NOx levels, as expected for the VOC-controlled condition typical of the urban area of Rio de Janeiro. Moreover, high VOCs/NOx ratios are highly dependent on the transport of air masses. When pollutants are transported from urban areas with heavy vehicular flux and high NOx concentrations, ozone levels are reduced. When air masses are transported from the industrial petrochemical area, NOx levels are relatively low, and ozone episodes are frequent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Mendes
- Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Campus Maracanã, Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Dantas
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco A, Sala 402A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Michelle André da Silva
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco A, Sala 402A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Guedes de Seixas
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco A, Sala 402A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cleyton Martins da Silva
- Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Campus Maracanã, Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco A, Sala 402A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Graciela Arbilla
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco A, Sala 402A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Braga AL, Siciliano B, Dantas G, André M, da Silva CM, Arbilla G. Levels of Volatile Carbonyl Compounds in the Atlantic Rainforest, in the City of Rio de Janeiro. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 102:757-762. [PMID: 30982106 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
When Europeans arrived in America, the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest covered approximately 1,290,000 km2. Now, only 8% of the biome's original vegetation remains. One of the largest areas is Tijuca Forest National Park. In this work, the concentrations of 13 carbonyl compounds in an isolated area inside Tijuca Forest, in an urban park with primary and secondary vegetation (Gericinó Natural Park) and in two typical urban areas (Tijuca District and the city of Nilópolis) were determined. The main compounds were formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. The formaldehyde mean concentrations were 0.98 ± 1.00, 1.27 ± 1.67, 3.09 ± 1.60 and 2.33 ± 2.17 μg m-3 for Tijuca Forest, Gericinó Natural Park, Tijuca District and the city of Nilópolis, respectively. The mean acetaldehyde concentrations were, for the same locations, 0.93 ± 1.05, 2.94 ± 2.54, 2.78 ± 0.91 and 5.48 ± 1.90 μg m-3. The results indicate that the compounds measured within the forest are transported from the city and that the trees play an important role in removing air pollutants. In contrast, the Gericinó protected area is heavily affected by urban emissions, and its capacity to dilute or absorb pollutants is low because of the sparse vegetation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Luis Braga
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco A, Sala 402A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Campus Maracanã, Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno Siciliano
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco A, Sala 402A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Dantas
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco A, Sala 402A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Michelle André
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco A, Sala 402A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cleyton Martins da Silva
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco A, Sala 402A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Campus Maracanã, Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Graciela Arbilla
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco A, Sala 402A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Silva G, Filho SP, Lima L, Dantas G, Silva DA, Rolim V, Melo I, Daher E. Prognostic factors in critically ill patients with community-acquired acute bacterial meningitis and acute kidney injury. Int J Infect Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.3788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
13
|
Tsukayama P, Pehrsson E, Patel S, Berg D, Gilman R, Dantas G. Transmission dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes in human and environmental microbiomes in Lima, Peru. Int J Infect Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.3442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
14
|
Potter RF, Wallace MA, McMullen AR, Prusa J, Stallings CL, Burnham CAD, Dantas G. bla IMP-27 on transferable plasmids in Proteus mirabilis and Providencia rettgeri. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:1019.e5-1019.e8. [PMID: 29496594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A carbapenem-resistant Providencia rettgeri (PR1) isolate was recovered from a wound infection in Missouri, USA. This isolate possessed an EDTA-inhibitable carbapenemase that was unidentified using the Xpert CARBA-R assay. Our objective was to elucidate the molecular determinant of carbapenem resistance in this isolate. We then sought to test the transmissibility of blaIMP-27 loci in clinical P. rettgeri and Proteus mirabilis isolates. METHODS In October 2016 the novel ambler Class B carbapenemase blaIMP-27, was reported in two different Proteus mirabilis (PM185 and PM187) isolates. Broth mating assays for transfer of carbapenemase activity were performed for the three clinical isolates with recipient sodium azide-resistant Escherichia coli J53. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and phenotypic carbapenemase activity testing were performed on the clinical isolates, J53 and transconjugants using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Plasmid DNA from PM187, PR1 and their transconjugants were used as input for Nextera Illumina sequencing libraries and sequenced on a NextSeq platform. RESULTS PR1 was resistant to both imipenem and meropenem. PM187 and PR1 could transfer resistance to E. coli through plasmid conjugation (pPM187 and pPR1). pPM187 had a virB/virD4 type IV secretion system whereas pPR1 had a traB/traD type IV secretion system. CONCLUSION Two of three blaIMP-27-bearing clinical isolates tested could conjugate resistance into E. coli. The resulting transconjugants became positive for phenotypic carbapenemase production but did not pass clinical resistance breakpoints. blaIMP-27 can be transmitted on different plasmid replicon types that rely on distinct classes of type IV secretion system for horizontal transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R F Potter
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - M A Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - A R McMullen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Prusa
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - C L Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - C A D Burnham
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - G Dantas
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rocha e Silva LF, Montoia A, Amorim RCN, Melo MR, Henrique MC, Nunomura SM, Costa MRF, Andrade Neto VF, Costa DS, Dantas G, Lavrado J, Moreira R, Paulo A, Pinto AC, Tadei WP, Zacardi RS, Eberlin MN, Pohlit AM. Comparative in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of the indole alkaloids ellipticine, olivacine, cryptolepine and a synthetic cryptolepine analog. Phytomedicine 2012; 20:71-76. [PMID: 23092722 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Indole alkaloids ellipticine (1), cryptolepine triflate (2a), rationally designed 11-(4-piperidinamino)cryptolepine hydrogen dichloride (2b) and olivacine (3) (an isomer of 1) were evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum and in vivo in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. 1-3 inhibited P. falciparum (IC₅₀≤1.4 μM, order of activity: 2b>1>2a>3). In vitro toxicity to murine macrophages was evaluated and revealed selectivity indices (SI) of 10-12 for 2a and SI>2.8×10² for 1, 2b and 3. 1 administered orally at 50mg/kg/day was highly active against P. berghei (in vivo inhibition compared to untreated control (IVI)=100%, mean survival time (MST)>40 days, comparable activity to chloroquine control). 1 administered orally and subcutaneously was active at 10 mg/kg/day (IVI=70-77%; MST=27-29 days). 3 exhibited high oral activity at ≥50 mg/kg/day (IVI=90-97%, MST=23-27 days). Cryptolepine (2a) administered orally and subcutaneously exhibited moderate activity at 50mg/kg/day (IVI=43-63%, MST=24-25 days). At 50 mg/kg/day, 2b administered subcutaneously was lethal to infected mice (MST=3 days) and moderately active when administered orally (IVI=45-55%, MST=25 days). 1 and 3 are promising compounds for development of antimalarials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L F Rocha e Silva
- National Institute for Amazonian Research, Av. André Araújo 2936, Aleixo, 69060-001 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Silveira PP, Portella AK, Clemente Z, Bassani E, Tabajara AS, Gamaro GD, Dantas G, Torres ILS, Lucion AB, Dalmaz C. Neonatal handling alters feeding behavior of adult rats. Physiol Behav 2004; 80:739-45. [PMID: 14984809 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2003.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2003] [Revised: 11/16/2003] [Accepted: 12/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stress during the neonatal period leads to a large number of behavioral and biochemical alterations in adult life. The aim of this study is to verify the effects of handling and tactile stimulation during the first 10 days of life on feeding behavior in adult rats. Litters were divided into (1). intact; (2). handled (10 min/day); and (3). handled and tactile stimulated (10 min/day). Procedures were performed on Days 1-10 after birth. When adults, rats were tested for ingestion of sweet and savory snacks. We also measured body weight, ingestion of standard lab chow, and consumption of water and 1% glucose and 1.5% NaCl solutions. Stressed rats (handling and handling+tactile stimulation groups) consumed more sweet (two-way ANOVA, P=.008) or savory snacks (P=.001) than intact ones. This effect was observed in males and females. There were no differences in body weight, ingestion of standard lab chow, water, or in the ingestion of sweetened or salty solutions between groups. The same animals were tested later in life (15 months of age), and the effect was still evident. We suggest that handling during the neonatal period leads to alterations in the CNS of rats, causing an increased ingestion of palatable food in adult life, and this alteration probably persists throughout the whole life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P P Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 (Anexo) Lab. 32, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Upshur REG, Papoushek C, Macdonald D, Dantas G. Short report: managing anticoagulation. Comparison of results at three primary care centres. Can Fam Physician 2003; 49:181-4. [PMID: 12619741 PMCID: PMC2214183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross E G Upshur
- Primary Care Research Unit at Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre (SWCHSC), Toronto, ON.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Levina M, Dantas G, Fishbein M, von Haeften I, Montano D. Factors influencing MSMs' intentions to always use condoms for vaginal, anal and oral sex with their regular partners. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/13548500124332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
19
|
Levina M, Dantas G, Fishbein M, von Haeften I, Montano D. Factors influencing MSMs' intentions to always use condoms for vaginal, anal and oral sex with their regular partners. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/13548500120035445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|