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Qashqai H, Amanlou H, Farahani TA, Farsuni N, Bakhtiary MK. Effects of supplemental manganese on ovarian cysts incidence and reproductive performance in early lactation Holstein cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Alamouti H, Amanlou H, Rezayazdi K, Vazirigohar M, Ihsan M, Tahir M. Adding wheat to a pre-partum diet of Holstein cows favours post-partum protein utilization and benefits calcium status. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v50i4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of replacing corn with wheat on the lactation performance, ruminal fermentation, plasma metabolites and hormonal profiles of multiparous Holstein cows. Thirty-four multiparous cows were divided into two equal groups, based on parity, body condition score, and bodyweight. The basal diet was supplemented with 186 g/kg corn or wheat, and was offered from day -28 (±7) relative to the date of expected calving. After calving, all cows received the same diet for four weeks (day +28). The wheat diets increased (P <0.05) the body condition score in the peri-parturient period and caused greater changes in dry matter intake and bodyweight post-partum, with no differences in energy balance compared with the corn diets. Further, the wheat increased (P <0.05) the concentration of propionate in the rumen, thus reducing the ratio of acetate to propionate, and produced (P <0.05) more milk and milk protein, but had reduced levels of urea nitrogen in the milk and serum. Similarly, the wheat diets increased (P <0.05) the plasma concentrations of albumin and glucose, and reduced (P <0.05) triglycerides with no effect (P >0.10) post partum on insulin, cortisol, β-hydroxybutyric acid and aspartate aminotransferase. The replacement of corn with wheat increased (P <0.05) plasma calcium and reduced non-esterified fatty acids around calving (day 0±1) and post-partum (days 0 to +28), and reduced urinary pH during the last week relative to the date of expected calving.Keywords: calving, energy balance, grain source, peri-parturient period
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Sirjani MA, Amanlou H, Mirzaei-Alamouti H, Shahir MH, Mahjoubi E, Hasanlou J, Vazirigohar M, Opsomer G. The potential interaction between body condition score at calving and dietary starch content on productive and reproductive performance of early-lactating dairy cows. Animal 2020; 14:1676-1683. [PMID: 32100665 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731120000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving reproductive performance is one of the most important factors affecting the profitability of dairy herds. This study investigated the effect of feeding a high starch (HS) diet and body condition score (BCS) at calving on blood metabolites, fertility and ovarian function and milk production in Holstein dairy cows. One hundred seventy-four multiparous cows were fed common close-up and early lactation diets during the first 15 days in milk (DIM). Cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 experimental diets from 16 until 50 DIM (n = 87 per group); normal starch (228 g/kg diet DM; NS) or HS (270 g/kg diet DM; HS) diets. Each treatment group was further subdivided based on BCS at calving as normal BCS (BCS ⩽ 3.5; normal BCS (NBCS); n = 45) or high BCS (HBCS) (BCS ⩾ 3.75; HBCS; n = 42). A significant difference was detected for increased milk production (47.24 v. 44.55 kg/day) and decreased milk fat (33.93 v. 36.33 g/kg) in cows fed HS or NS, respectively. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were significantly higher in cows fed the HS compared to the NS diet. Diets significantly affected DIM at first artificial insemination (AI, 79.51 ± 3.83 v. 90.40 ± 3.83 days for cows fed HS and NS diets, respectively). High BCS groups had greater milk fat content and elevated plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and bilirubin concentrations. In general, feeding higher starch diets to normal BCS cows during the first 50 DIM improved productive and reproductive performance of early-lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sirjani
- Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, University Blvd, Zanjan45371-38791, Iran
| | - H Amanlou
- Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, University Blvd, Zanjan45371-38791, Iran
| | - H Mirzaei-Alamouti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, University Blvd, Zanjan45371-38791, Iran
| | - M H Shahir
- Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, University Blvd, Zanjan45371-38791, Iran
| | - E Mahjoubi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, University Blvd, Zanjan45371-38791, Iran
| | - J Hasanlou
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM), Qazvin Province43867-34166, Iran
| | - M Vazirigohar
- Zist Dam Group, University Incubator Center, University of Zanjan, University Blvd, Zanjan45371-38791, Iran
| | - G Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820Merelbeke, Belgium
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Amirabadi Farahani T, Amanlou H, Farsuni N, Kazemi-Bonchenari M. Interactions of protein levels fed to Holstein cows pre- and postpartum on productive and metabolic responses. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:246-259. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Savari M, Khorvash M, Amanlou H, Ghorbani G, Ghasemi E, Mirzaei M. Effects of rumen-degradable protein:rumen-undegradable protein ratio and corn processing on production performance, nitrogen efficiency, and feeding behavior of Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:1111-1122. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Farsuni NE, Amanlou H, Silva-Del-Río N, Mahjoubi E. Responses of fresh cows to three feeding strategies that reduce starch levels by feeding beet pulp. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:4575-4586. [PMID: 29108033 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study objective was to evaluate the effects of reducing dietary starch content in fresh cow diets while maintaining NDF levels by substituting barley grain (BG), corn silage (CS), or both with beet pulp (BP) on nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, DMI, lactation performance, meal patterns, chewing activity, and sorting behavior. Thirty-six multiparous cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental diets from calving to 21 d in lactation. Experimental diets were a high-starch diet with ground BG (CO; 24.9% starch; 0% BP) and 3 low-starch diets: the CO with BP substituted for ground BG (BB; 19.6% starch; 7% BP), the CO with BP substituted for CS (BC; 20.6% starch; 12% BP), or the CO with BP substituted for CS and ground BG (BCB; 20.3% starch; 12% BP). The CO, BB, BC, and BCB contained 33.4, 34.4, 32.9, and 33.7% NDF, respectively, and 23.1, 22.0, 18.2, and 19.2% forage NDF, respectively. There was no effect of diet on total tract nutrient digestibility ( > 0.20), ruminal pH ( = 0.49), or total VFA ( = 0.39). However, diets affected molar proportions of propionate and acetate ( ≤ 0.01). Relative to CO cows, the molar propionate percentage was less in BB cows ( < 0.01) and tended to be greater in BC cows ( = 0.10), whereas the molar percentage of acetate was less in BC cows than in BB ( < 0.01) and CO cows ( = 0.02). Relative to CO cows (16.50 kg/d), DMI was greater for BC (17.70 kg/d; < 0.01) and BCB cows (17.50 kg/d; = 0.01), but it was less in BB cows (15.60 kg/d; = 0.02). Similar to DMI results, milk yields tended to be greater for BC (37.89 kg/d; = 0.08) and BCB cows (37.81 kg/d; = 0.09) compared with CO cows (35.41 kg/d), but BB cows (33.05 kg/d) tended to produce less milk than CO cows ( = 0.1). Milk fat content tended to be less in BC ( = 0.08) and BCB cows ( = 0.10) than in CO cows. There was no effect of diet on eating and rumination patterns ( ≥ 0.18), except shortened meal intervals for BC and BCB cows compared with CO cows ( = 0.02). Dietary treatments did not affect chewing activities per day or bout ( = 0.50), but BC and BCB cows spent less time on chewing activities per kilogram DM ( < 0.01) and NDF intake ( < 0.01) compared with CO cows. Cows fed the BC and BCB sorted for long particles (>19 mm; < 0.01) but against particles < 1.18 mm ( < 0.01). In the present study, propionate did not seem to play a central role in feed intake regulation of fresh cows, because BB cows had depressed DMI and the lowest molar proportion of propionate. However, reducing starch levels in fresh cow diets by replacing CS and both CS and BG with BP positively affected DMI and milk yield.
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Farahani TA, Amanlou H, Kazemi-Bonchenari M. Effects of shortening the close-up period length coupled with increased supply of metabolizable protein on performance and metabolic status of multiparous Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:6199-6217. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mahjoubi E, Amanlou H, Hossein Yazdi M, Aghaziarati N, Noori GR, Vahl CI, Bradford BJ, Baumgard LH. A supplement containing multiple types of gluconeogenic substrates alters intake but not productivity of heat-stressed Afshari lambs. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:2497-505. [PMID: 27285926 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirty-two Afshari lambs were used in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate a nutritional supplement designed to provide multiple gluconeogenic precursors during heat stress (HS). Lambs were housed in thermal neutral (TN) conditions and fed ad libitum for 8 d to obtain covariate data (period 1 [P1]) for the subsequent experimental period (period 2 [P2]). During P2, which lasted 9 d, half of the lambs were subjected to HS and the other 16 lambs were maintained in TN conditions but pair fed (PFTN) to the HS lambs. Half of the lambs in each thermal regime were fed (top-dressed) 100 g/d of a feed supplement designed to provide gluconeogenic precursors (8 lambs in HS [heat stress with Glukosa {HSG}] and 8 lambs in PFTN [pair-fed thermal neutral with Glukosa]) and the other lambs in both thermal regimes were fed only the basal control diet (HS without Glukosa [HSC] and pair-fed thermal neutral without Glukosa). Heat stress decreased DMI (14%) and by design there were no differences between the thermal treatments, but HSG lambs had increased DMI (7.5%; < 0.05) compared with the HSC lambs. Compared with PFTN lambs, rectal temperature and skin temperature at the rump, shoulder, and legs of HS lambs were increased ( < 0.05) at 0700 and 1400 h. Rectal temperature at 1400 h decreased for HSG lambs (0.15 ± 0.03°C; < 0.05) compared with HSC lambs. Despite similar DMI between thermal treatments, ADG for HS and PFTN lambs in P2 was decreased 55 and 85%, respectively, compared with lambs in P1 ( < 0.01). Although the prefeeding glucose concentration was not affected by thermal treatment or diet, HSG lambs had increased postfeeding glucose concentration compared with HSC lambs ( < 0.05). In contrast to the glucose responses, circulating insulin was influenced only by thermal treatment; HS lambs had increased insulin concentration ( < 0.01) before feeding and decreased concentration ( < 0.05) after feeding compared with PFTN lambs. Heat-stressed lambs had decreased NEFA concentration before feeding ( < 0.01) but not after feeding relative to PFTN lambs. Although this nutritional strategy did not affect ADG, the lower rectal temperature in HSG lambs indicates that dietary inclusion of a mixture of glucogenic precursors can potentially benefit animal health during HS.
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Amanlou H, Farahani TA, Farsuni NE. Effects of rumen undegradable protein supplementation on productive performance and indicators of protein and energy metabolism in Holstein fresh cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3628-3640. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Amanlou H, Akbari A, Farsuni N, Silva-del-Río N. Effects of subcutaneous calcium administration at calving on mineral status, health, and production of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9199-9210. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Nemati M, Amanlou H, Khorvash M, Mirzaei M, Moshiri B, Ghaffari MH. Effect of different alfalfa hay levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and structural growth of Holstein dairy calves1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1141-8. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Yazdi MH, Mirzaei-Alamouti HR, Amanlou H, Mahjoubi E, Nabipour A, Aghaziarati N, Baumgard LH. Effects of heat stress on metabolism, digestibility, and rumen epithelial characteristics in growing Holstein calves. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:77-89. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Nemati M, Amanlou H, Khorvash M, Moshiri B, Mirzaei M, Khan MA, Ghaffari MH. Rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, and growth performance of calves during transition from liquid to solid feed: Effects of dietary level and particle size of alfalfa hay. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:7131-41. [PMID: 26277318 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-9144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of particle size (PS) and dietary level of alfalfa hay (AH) on rumen fermentation parameters, blood metabolites, eating behavior, and growth performance in dairy calves during transition from liquid to solid feed. Sixty newborn dairy calves (41 ± 2.5,kg of body weight) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the factors dietary AH level (medium, 12.5%, or high, 25%, on DM basis) and PS (fine = 1mm or medium = 3mm, as geometric means) of AH. Hence, the dietary treatments were (1) medium level of AH with fine PS (M-FPS), (2) medium level of AH with medium PS (M-MPS), (3) high level of AH with fine PS (H-FPS), and (4) high level of AH with medium PS (H-MPS). Particle size of AH did not affect total DMI (TDMI) during the preweaning period, although TDMI was greater for calves fed MPS than in those fed FPS during the postweaning and overall periods. Calves fed MPS spent more time eating solid feed and ruminating and less time on nonnutritive oral behaviors compared with FPS calves. The dietary level of AH did not affect behavioral parameters. Average daily gain of calves was not affected by dietary treatment before weaning. During the postweaning and overall periods, average daily gain was greater in calves fed MPS than in those fed FPS at the 25% AH level, but this effect was absent with 12.5% AH. Furthermore, the rumen pH values on d 35 and 70 of the study were greater for MPS than for FPS, regardless of the dietary level of AH. Effects of AH level, PS, and their interaction did not affect blood glucose concentrations in developing calves. These results indicate that feed intake, feeding behavior, rumen fermentation parameters, and blood β-hydroxybutyrate concentration may be affected by rations differing in forage PS; thus, providing calves with MPS can improve calf performance and reduce their nonnutritive oral behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nemati
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 313-45195, Iran
| | - H Amanlou
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 313-45195, Iran
| | - M Khorvash
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - B Moshiri
- Ghiam Dairy Complex, Isfahan 833111-4761, Iran
| | - M Mirzaei
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran
| | - M A Khan
- Animal Nutrition and Health Group, Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Limited Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - M H Ghaffari
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
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Hossein Yazdi M, Amanlou H, Mirzaei-Alamouti H, Harkinezhad M, Nabipour A, Mahjoubi E, Aghaziarati N, Noori G, Baumgard L. Effects of a supplement containing multiple types of gluconeogenic precursors on production and metabolism in Holstein bull calves during heat stress. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Badiei A, Aliverdilou A, Amanlou H, Beheshti M, Dirandeh E, Masoumi R, Moosakhani F, Petit H. Postpartum responses of dairy cows supplemented with n-3 fatty acids for different durations during the peripartal period. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:6391-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mahjoubi E, Amanlou H, Mirzaei-Alamouti HR, Aghaziarati N, Yazdi MH, Noori GR, Yuan K, Baumgard LH. The effect of cyclical and mild heat stress on productivity and metabolism in Afshari lambs1. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:1007-14. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Mahjoubi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran 45195
- Department of Animal Science and Industry,Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - H. Amanlou
- Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran 45195
| | | | - N. Aghaziarati
- Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran 45195
| | - M. Hossein Yazdi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran 45195
| | - G. R. Noori
- Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran 45195
| | - K. Yuan
- Department of Animal Science and Industry,Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - L. H. Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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Amanlou H, Sis N, Bassiri S, No author NA, Aghazadeh A, Salamatdust R, Karimi A. Nutritional value of raw soybeans, extruded soybeans, roasted soybeans and tallow as fat sources in early lactating dairy cows. Open Vet J 2012. [DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2012.v2.i0.p88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty multiparous Holstein cows (29.8 ± 4.01days in milk; 671.6 ± 31.47 kg of body weight) were used in a completely randomized design to compare nutritional value of four fat sources including tallow, raw soybeans, extruded soybeans and roasted soybeans for 8 weeks. Experimental diets were a control containing 27.4 % alfalfa silage, 22.5% corn silage, and 50.1% concentrate, and four diets with either tallow, raw soybean, extruded soybean, or roasted soybean added to provide 1.93% supplemental fat. Dry matter and NEL intakes were similar among treatments, while cows fed fat diets had significantly (P<0.05) high NEL intakes when compared to control with no fat. Supplemental fat, whether tallow or full fat soybeans increased milk production (1.89-2.45 kg/d; P<0.01) and FCM production (1.05-2.79; P<0.01). Milk fat yield and percentage of cows fed fat-supplemented diets were significantly (P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively) higher than control. Between fat-supplemented diets, roasted soybean caused highest milk fat yield and extruded soybean caused lowest milk fat yield. There was no significant effect of supplemental fat on the milk protein and lactose content and yield. Feed efficiency of fat-supplemented diets was significantly (P<0.01) higher than control. Body weight, body weight change and BCS (body condition score) of cows, as well as energy balance and energy efficiency were similar between treatments. In conclusion, while there was no significant effect of fat sources on production response of cows, fat originating from heat-treated soybean help to minimize imported RUP (rumen undegradable protein) sources level as fish meal in comparison with tallow and raw soybean oil. In the Current study, there was no statistical significance among nutritional values of oil from extruded soybeans and roasted soybeans.
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Amanlou H, Maheri-Sis N, Bassiri S, Mirza-Aghazadeh A, Salamatdust R, Moosavi A, Karimi V. Nutritional value of raw soybeans, extruded soybeans, roasted soybeans and tallow as fat sources in early lactating dairy cows. Open Vet J 2012; 2:88-94. [PMID: 26623299 PMCID: PMC4655767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty multiparous Holstein cows (29.8 ± 4.01days in milk; 671.6 ± 31.47 kg of body weight) were used in a completely randomized design to compare nutritional value of four fat sources including tallow, raw soybeans, extruded soybeans and roasted soybeans for 8 weeks. Experimental diets were a control containing 27.4 % alfalfa silage, 22.5% corn silage, and 50.1% concentrate, and four diets with either tallow, raw soybean, extruded soybean, or roasted soybean added to provide 1.93% supplemental fat. Dry matter and NEL intakes were similar among treatments, while cows fed fat diets had significantly (P<0.05) high NEL intakes when compared to control with no fat. Supplemental fat, whether tallow or full fat soybeans increased milk production (1.89-2.45 kg/d; P<0.01) and FCM production (1.05-2.79; P<0.01). Milk fat yield and percentage of cows fed fat-supplemented diets were significantly (P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively) higher than control. Between fat-supplemented diets, roasted soybean caused highest milk fat yield and extruded soybean caused lowest milk fat yield. There was no significant effect of supplemental fat on the milk protein and lactose content and yield. Feed efficiency of fat-supplemented diets was significantly (P<0.01) higher than control. Body weight, body weight change and BCS (body condition score) of cows, as well as energy balance and energy efficiency were similar between treatments. In conclusion, while there was no significant effect of fat sources on production response of cows, fat originating from heat-treated soybean help to minimize imported RUP (rumen undegradable protein) sources level as fish meal in comparison with tallow and raw soybean oil. In the Current study, there was no statistical significance among nutritional values of oil from extruded soybeans and roasted soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Amanlou
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University, P.O.Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran
| | - N. Maheri-Sis
- Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - S. Bassiri
- Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran,Corresponding Author: Shahrooz Bassiri, Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran. Tel.: +984312223232.
| | - A. Mirza-Aghazadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - R. Salamatdust
- Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - A. Moosavi
- Azar Negin Coorporation, East Azerbaijan, Azarshahr, Iran
| | - V. Karimi
- Azar Negin Coorporation, East Azerbaijan, Azarshahr, Iran
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Rostami B, Niasari-Naslaji A, Vojgani M, Nikjou D, Amanlou H, Gerami A. Effect of eCG on early resumption of ovarian activity in postpartum dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 128:100-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mansooryar M, Amanlou H, Dehghan-Banadaky M, Mahjoubi E, Keshavarz V. Sunflower meal as a prepartal protein supplement to increase dry matter intake in Holstein cows: Contrast with conventional beliefs. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2011.558909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Papi N, Mostafa-Tehrani A, Amanlou H, Memarian M. Effects of dietary forage-to-concentrate ratios on performance and carcass characteristics of growing fat-tailed lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ghorbani B, Ghoorchi T, Amanlou H, Zerehdaran S. Effects of Using Monensin and Different Levels of Crude Protein on Milk Production, Blood Metabolites and Digestion of Dairy Cows. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.90623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Amanlou H, Karimi A, Mahjoubi E, Milis C. Effects of supplementation with digestible undegradable protein in late pregnancy on ewe colostrums production and lamb output to weaning. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2010; 95:616-22. [PMID: 21114545 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementation with digestible undegradable protein (DUP) in diet during late pregnancy on colostrum production, lamb survival and growth. For 3 weeks prior to lambing, 41 Afshari ewes were assigned at random to three dietary treatments, namely a control (CDUP), moderate (MDUP) and high (HDUP) DUP group. The ewes (n = 14) in CDUP group were fed a protein maintenance level for pregnant ewes [83 g metabolizable protein (MP)/kg dry matter (DM)], while ewes in the MDUP (n = 13) and HDUP (n = 14) groups were fed diets provided 14% (94.7 g MP/kg DM) and 24% (104.3 g MP/kg DM) MP in excess of these requirements respectively, which this increment was coming from DUP (DUP/MP ratio 43.8; 51.0% and 57.6% respectively). All diets were isoenergetic (12 MJ ME/kg DM). All ewes received the same lactation diet after lambing. Ewes in HDUP tend to produce more colostrums (p < 0.1) and had higher protein, fat, and solids non-fat content (p < 0.05) in colostrums during the first 24 h after lambing. MDUP group had higher colostrum yield compared to CDUP (p < 0.1). The changes in body weight and body condition score of ewes were similar for all diets but placenta weight was higher in MDUP group (p < 0.05) than for HDUP and CDUP ewes. Lamb body weight at weaning was higher for males compared to females (p < 0.05), but was not different between treatments. HDUP ewes had higher blood glucose concentration in the pre-lambing period than other treatments (p < 0.05). In this period, increasing the level of DUP in diet increased the content of blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.05). It was concluded that increasing the DUP content of diet for 3 weeks prior to lambing above the standard requirements resulted in an increase in colostrums production but had no effect on lamb outcome to weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Amanlou
- Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
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Jahani-Moghadam M, Amanlou H, Nikkhah A. Metabolic and productive response to ruminal protein degradability in early lactation cows fed untreated or xylose-treated soybean meal-based diets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2009; 93:777-86. [PMID: 19138350 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Effects of different dietary rumen undegradable (RUP) to degradable (RDP) protein ratios on ruminal nutrient degradation, feed intake, blood metabolites and milk production were determined in early lactation cows. Four multiparous (43 ± 5 days in milk) and four primiparous (40 ± 6 days in milk) tie-stall-housed Holstein cows were used in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with four 21-day periods. Each period had 14-day of adaptation and 7-day of sampling. Diets contained on a dry matter (DM) basis, 23.3% alfalfa hay, 20% corn silage and 56.7% concentrate. Cows were first offered alfalfa hay at 7:00, 15:00 and 23:00 hours, and 30 min after each alfalfa hay delivery were offered a mixture of corn silage and concentrate. Treatments were diets with RUP:RDP ratios of (i) 5.2:11.6 (control), (ii) 6.1:10.6, (iii) 7.1:9.5 and (iv) 8.1:8.5, on a dietary DM% basis. Different RUP:RDP ratios were obtained by partial and total replacement of untreated soybean meal (SBM) with xylose-treated SBM (XSBM). In situ study using three rumen-cannulated non-lactating cows showed that DM and crude protein (CP) of SBM had greater rapidly degradable fractions. The potentially degradable fractions were degraded more slowly in XSBM. Treatment cows produced greater milk, protein, lactose, solids-non-fat and total solids than control cows. Increasing RUP:RDP reduced blood urea linearly. Feed costs dropped at RUP:RDP ratios of 6.1:10.6 and 7.1:9.5, but not at 8.1:8.5, compared with the 5.2:11.6 ratio. Intake of DM and CP, rumen pH, blood glucose, albumin and total protein, faecal and urine pH, changes in body weight and body condition score, and milk lactose and solids-non-fat percentages did not differ among treatments. Results provide evidence that increasing dietary RUP:RDP ratio from 5.2:11.6 to 7.1:9.5 optimizes nitrogen metabolism and milk production and reduces feed costs in early lactation cows. Reduced blood urea suggests reprodutive benefits.
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Yazdi MH, Amanlou H, Mahjoubi E. Increasing prepartum dietary crude protein using poultry by-product meal dose not influence performance of multiparous Holstein dairy cows. Pak J Biol Sci 2009; 12:1448-1454. [PMID: 20180318 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2009.1448.1454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two levels of Crude Protein (CP) using Poultry by-Product Meal (PBPM) fed during late gestation on the performance, blood metabolites and colostrum composition of Holstein cows. Twenty multiparous cows 26 +/- 6 days before expected calving were assigned randomly to two treatments containing 1) 140 g kg(-1) DM CP (34 g kg(-1) DM PBPM) 2) 160 g kg(-1) DM CP (75 g kg(-1) DM PBPM). The cow's BCS was 3.56 +/- 0.5 on average, at the beginning of the trial. Yields of milk, protein, lactose and fat were not affected by prepartum dietary CP level. Colostrum composition (fat, CP and total solids percents), blood metabolites (Ca, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, urea N and cholesterol) and metabolic diseases incidence were not influenced by prepartum dietary CP level. There was no significant difference between treatments in body weight and BCS changes. As expected, blood urea N before calving was higher in the cows fed 160 g kg(-1) DM CP diets (p < 0.002). Serum cholesterol during prepartum (p < 0.03) and postpartum (p < 0.01) periods was significantly lower in 160 g kg(-1) DM CP treatment. In general, although postpartum glucose level increased in cows which received 160 g kg(-1) DM CP in the diet, it seems that there is no other obvious advantages over feeding the 140 g kg(-1) DM CP diet. So feeding this level of CP diet to close up cows is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hossein Yazdi
- Department of Animal Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Alamouti HRM, Amanlou H, Rezayazdi K, Towhidi A. Effects of Prepartum Dietary Carbohydrate Source on Metabolism and Performance of Primiparous Holstein Cows during the Periparturient Period. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2009.80665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mahjoubi E, Amanlou H, Zahmatkesh D, Ghelich Khan M, Aghaziarati N. Use of beet pulp as a replacement for barley grain to manage body condition score in over-conditioned late lactation cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Amanlou H, Zahmatkesh D, Nikkhah A. Wheat grain as a prepartal cereal choice to ease metabolic transition from gestation into lactation in Holstein cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2009; 92:605-13. [PMID: 19012605 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Wheat grain (WG) is a unique cereal rich in easily fermentable starch and low in cation-anion difference (e.g. 5.3 mEq/100 g). The controlled prepartal dietary inclusion of WG, thus, has the potential to ease adapting the rumen microbes and papillae to the high-starch lactation diets, stimulate feed intake, reduce hypocalcaemia by reducing extracellular alkalinity and a moderate induction of bone resorption, and improve milk yield in periparturient cows. The primary objective was to determine the effects of prepartal feeding of WG compared to barley grain plus wheat bran on metabolic and productive criteria in periparturient Holstein cows. Twenty-four dry cows and 16 pregnant heifers were blocked based on parity and projected calving date and fed a prepartal diet containing either (i) ground WG (18% on a dry matter basis) or (ii) a conventional diet with ground barley grain and wheat bran or control diet, from 28-day prepartum until parturition. All cows were fed the control diet during 21-day postpartum. Prepartal dietary inclusion of WG increased prepartum feed intake, elevated blood glucose and attenuated hypocalcaemia at 7-day prepartum and 1-day postpartum, reduced urine pH, and increased milk fat percent and yield. Blood proteins at 7-day prepartum were higher and placenta tended to be expelled sooner in WG-fed cows than in other cows. Treatments did not affect milk protein, changes in body condition score; total time spent eating, ruminating and chewing; blood levels of urea nitrogen, cholesterol, and phosphorous, fecal pH, and calving difficulty. Therefore, the prepartal dietary use of WG proved effective in the simultaneous improvement of calcium and energy states, and thereby, in easing the metabolic transition from gestation into lactation in Holstein cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Amanlou
- Department of Animal Science, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran
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Abstract
Ten Holstein cows in midlactation were used in a 5 x 5 replicated Latin square design with 21-d periods to determine the effects of feeding ground or steam-flaked broom sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and ground barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on lactation performance and nutrient digestibility. Diets were fed as total mixed ration and consisted of 46% forage and 54% concentrate (DM basis). Treatment diets included ground barley, ground barley plus ground broom sorghum, ground broom sorghum, ground barley plus steam-flaked broom sorghum, and steam-flaked broom sorghum. Yield of fat-corrected milk was 2.3 kg greater for cows fed diets containing steam-flaked broom sorghum than for cows fed its ground form (24.4 vs 22.1 kg) and was 2.8 kg greater for cows fed diets containing a blend of steam-flaked broom sorghum plus ground barley than for cows fed ground sorghum (24.9 vs 22.1 kg). Yields and percentages of milk fat, protein, SNF, total solids, and apparent digestibility of crude protein were greater for cows fed steam-flaked broom sorghum and ground barley vs. ground broom sorghum. Including steam-flaked rather than ground broom sorghum in diets significantly increased fecal pH (7.10 vs 6.87) and improved efficiency of feed conversion (1.26 vs 1.15). Feeding steam-flaked broom sorghum alone or with ground barley compared with ground sorghum or the blend of ground barley and ground broom sorghum decreased plasma urea nitrogen increased glucose in plasma. Results of this study showed that feeding steam-flaked broom sorghum compared with ground broom sorghum could supply a more efficient source of energy for lactating cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nikkhah
- Department of Animal Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156 Iran.
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