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Shazil Jamal M, Hurley ET, Davey MS, Asad H, Gaafar M, Mullett H. Evaluation of the quality of information online for arthroscopic Bankart repair. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:394-399. [PMID: 35639042 PMCID: PMC10149282 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2022.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality and readability of information online for patients searching terms related to arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR). METHODS Google, Yahoo and Bing were searched with terms related to ABR. The quality of information was assessed using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Benchmark criteria, DISCERN Score, and the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease & Grade Level. The presence of the HONcode marker was noted. Additionally, we used a scoring system specific to content relating to the ABR (AB score), a 1-20 Likert scale. Websites were also categorised according to the source: academic institution, physician, allied healthcare, commercial, media or social media. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism. RESULTS Ninety-six unique websites were evaluated, with the most common website category being physician websites (52) and academic institution websites (24). There were nine websites with the HONcode marker. The average JAMA Benchmark criteria score was 1.95 (1-4), the average DISCERN score was 48.8 (20-78), with an average Flesch-Kincaid reading ease of 50.9 (11-96) and grade level of 8 (1-18). The average AB score was 5.9 (0-18), and there was a strong correlation with a higher DISCERN score (r=0.57), but not JAMA score (r=0.18) or Flesch-Kincaid grade (r=0.16). Websites with the HONcode marker did not score higher in any criteria than those without it (p>0.05). The quality of information on physician websites was better than (statistically insignificant) non-physician websites; however, the readability of information in the former was poorer (statistically significant) than the latter. CONCLUSION There was wide variability in the quality and readability online of the information on ABR, and the AB scoring system was shown to correlate strongly with increased quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - H Asad
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
| | - M Gaafar
- Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
| | - H Mullett
- Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
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O'Connell L, Asad H, Hall G, Jones T, Walters J, Manchipp-Taylor L, Barry J, Keighan D, Jones H, Williams C, Cronin M, Hughes H, Morgan M, Connor TR, Healy B. Detailed analysis of in-hospital transmission of SARS-CoV-2 using whole genome sequencing. J Hosp Infect 2023; 131:23-33. [PMID: 36240955 PMCID: PMC9554319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has proved difficult to control, with healthcare-associated infections troublesome throughout. AIM To understand factors contributing to hospital transmission of infections, which is necessary for containing spread. METHODS An outbreak of 56 staff and patient cases of COVID-19 over a 31-day period in a tertiary referral unit is presented, with at least a further 29 cases identified outside of the unit and the hospital by whole genome sequencing (WGS). FINDINGS Transmission is documented from staff to staff, staff to patients, and patients to staff, showing disruption of a tertiary referral service, despite implementation of nationally recommended control measures, superior ventilation, and use of personal protective equipment. There was extensive spread from the index case, despite this patient spending only 10 h bed bound on the ward in strict cubicle isolation and with an initial single target low level (CT = 32) polymerase chain reaction test. CONCLUSION This investigation highlights how effectively and rapidly SARS-CoV-2 can spread in certain circumstances. It raises questions about infection control measures in place at the time and calls into question the premise that transmissibility can be reliably detected by using lower sensitivity rapid antigen lateral flow tests. We also highlight the value of early intervention in reducing impact as well as the value of WGS in understanding outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- L O'Connell
- Public Health Wales and Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK. lorcan.o'
| | - H Asad
- Health Protection Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (CDSC), Public Health Wales, Swansea, UK
| | - G Hall
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - T Jones
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - J Walters
- Quality Improvement Infection Prevention & Control, Infection Prevention & Control Team, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | | | - J Barry
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - D Keighan
- Estates, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - H Jones
- Health Protection CDSC, Public Health Wales, Carmarthen, UK
| | - C Williams
- Health Protection CDSC, Public Health Wales, Carmarthen, UK
| | - M Cronin
- Health Protection CDSC, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - H Hughes
- Public Health Wales and Cardiff University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - M Morgan
- Healthcare Associated Infection, Antimicrobial Resistance & Prescribing Programme, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - T R Connor
- Public Health Wales and Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - B Healy
- Public Health Wales and Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
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Yousaf Z, Bhatti MZ, Khlopov M, Asad H. A Comprehensive Analysis of Hyperbolical Fluids in Modified Gravity. Entropy 2022; 24:e24020150. [PMID: 35205446 PMCID: PMC8871107 DOI: 10.3390/e24020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper is devoted to understanding a few characteristics of static irrotational matter content that assumes hyperbolical symmetry. For this purpose, we use metric f(R) gravity to carry out our analysis. It is noticed that the matter distribution cannot fill the region close to the center of symmetry, thereby implying the existence of an empty core. Moreover, the evaluation of the effective energy density reveals that it is inevitably negative, which could have utmost relevance in understanding various quantum field events. To derive the structure scalars, we perform the orthogonal splitting of the Riemann tensor in this modified gravity. Few relationships among matter variables and both Tolman and Misner Sharp are determined. Through two generating functions, some hyperbolically symmetric cosmological models, as well as their physical interpretations, are studied. To delve deeply into the role of f(R) terms, the model of the less-complex relativistic system of Einstein gravity is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Yousaf
- Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.Z.B.); (H.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - M. Z. Bhatti
- Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.Z.B.); (H.A.)
| | - Maxim Khlopov
- Institute of Physics, Southern Federal University, 194 Stachki, 344090 Rostov-on-Donu, Russia;
- CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Universite de Paris, F-75013 Paris, France
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Engineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - H. Asad
- Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.Z.B.); (H.A.)
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Jamal M, Hurley E, Asad H, Asad A, Taneja T. The role of Platelet Rich Plasma and other orthobiologics in bone healing and fracture management: A systematic review. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2022; 25:101759. [PMID: 35036312 PMCID: PMC8749440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.101759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of large bone defects and fracture healing complications (delayed and non-union) presents a substantial challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Given that bone healing requires mechanical stability as well as a favourable biological microenvironment, orthobiologics such as Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) may have a significant clinical role to play. AIMS To perform a systematic review of the available literature to assess the clinical effect of PRP, with or without other orthobiologics, on bone healing. METHOD Two independent reviewers performed the literature search based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Clinical studies of any evidence, assessing effect of PRP with or without other orthobiologics on bone healing, were included. A qualitative analysis was carried out on the clinical and radiological outcomes reported. RESULT 27 articles with 1631 patients (mean age = 43.56, 57.1% male, mean follow-up = 17.27 months) were included in the qualitative. Of the 27 studies, 13 dealt with fracture complications (delayed or non-unions), 7 with acute fracture healing, 4 with tibial osteotomies and lengthening procedures and 3 with lumbar spine pathology. 18/27 studies showed a clinical benefit of PRP, 8/27 showed no significant effect, and 1/27 showed a worse outcome with PRP. CONCLUSION Our review suggests PRP may play a clinical role in bone healing but further randomised controlled trials (RCTs) using standardised outcomes should be performed to establish its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.S. Jamal
- Blizzard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK,Corresponding author. Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, London, E1 1FR, UK.
| | - E.T. Hurley
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - H. Asad
- Blizzard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK
| | - A. Asad
- Blizzard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK
| | - T. Taneja
- Blizzard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK,Department of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Homerton University Hospital, London, UK
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Asad H, Collins IJ, Goodall RL, Crichton S, Hill T, Doerholt K, Foster C, Lyall H, Post FA, Welch S, Winston A, Sabin CA, Judd A. Mortality and AIDS-defining events among young people following transition from paediatric to adult HIV care in the UK. HIV Med 2021; 22:631-640. [PMID: 33939876 PMCID: PMC8612219 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate risk of AIDS and mortality after transition from paediatric to adult care in a UK cohort of young people with perinatally acquired HIV. METHODS Records of people aged ≥ 13 years on 31 December 2015 in the UK paediatric HIV cohort (Collaborative HIV Paediatric Study) were linked to those of adults in the UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (CHIC) cohort. We calculated time from transition to a new AIDS event/death, with follow-up censored at the last visit or 31 December 2015, whichever was the earliest. Cumulative incidence of and risk factors for AIDS/mortality were assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. RESULTS At the final paediatric visit, the 474 participants [51% female, 80% black, 60% born outside the UK, median (interquartile range) age at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation = 9 (5-13) years] had a median age of 18 (17-19) years and CD4 count of 471 (280-663) cell/μL; 89% were prescribed ART and 60% overall had a viral load ≤ 400 copies/mL. Over median follow-up in adult care of 3 (2-6) years, 35 (8%) experienced a new AIDS event (n = 25) or death (n = 14) (incidence = 1.8/100 person-years). In multivariable analyses, lower CD4 count at the last paediatric visit [adjusted hazard ratio = 0.8 (95% confidence interval: 0.7-1.0)/100 cells/μL increment] and AIDS diagnosis in paediatric care [2.7 (1.4-5.5)] were associated with a new AIDS event/mortality in adult care. CONCLUSIONS Young people with perinatally acquired HIV transitioning to adult care with markers of disease progression in paediatric care experienced poorer outcomes in adult care. Increased investment in multidisciplinary specialized services is required to support this population at high risk of morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Asad
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCLUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Blood‐Borne and Sexually Transmitted InfectionsUCL in partnership with Public Health EnglandLondonUK
- Institute for Global HealthUCLLondonUK
| | - IJ Collins
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCLUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
| | - RL Goodall
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCLUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
- Institute for Global HealthUCLLondonUK
| | - S Crichton
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCLUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
| | - T Hill
- Institute for Global HealthUCLLondonUK
| | - K Doerholt
- St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - C Foster
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - H Lyall
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - FA Post
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - S Welch
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK
| | | | - CA Sabin
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Blood‐Borne and Sexually Transmitted InfectionsUCL in partnership with Public Health EnglandLondonUK
- Institute for Global HealthUCLLondonUK
| | - A Judd
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCLUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
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Waseem M, Wang J, Shariff M, Asad H, Josephson E. 61 Academic Impact on Emergency Medicine Training Programs During COVID-19 Pandemic. Ann Emerg Med 2021. [PMCID: PMC8335509 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Asad H, Johnston C, Blyth I, Holborow A, Bone A, Porter L, Tidswell P, Healy B. Health Care Workers and Patients as Trojan Horses: a COVID19 ward outbreak. Infect Prev Pract 2020; 2:100073. [PMID: 34316562 PMCID: PMC7334135 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transmission in healthcare settings can result in significant infections in healthcare workers and patients. Understanding infection dynamics has important implications for methods employed in hospitals to prevent nosocomial transmission events. Methods In this case series report we describe a cluster of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) in a tertiary care university hospital, in the early phases of the epidemic, after hospital visiting had been stopped and when the UK lockdown was in place. Findings A 48 year old patient developed COVID-19 31 days post-admission and four days after admission to a medical ward from ITU. Infection was likely acquired from an asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic healthcare worker (HCW). Subsequent investigation over a 14 day period revealed symptoms in 23 staff members and five linked cases in patients on the same ward. Nine of the 23 affected staff members provided care for and had direct exposure with the index case. Four staff reported caring for the index case without use of personal protective equipment. One was coughed on directly by the patient 24 hours prior to the onset of symptoms. Conclusion SARS CoV2 infection can be introduced to a ward area by asymptomatic and minimally symptomatic healthcare workers. Staff members and patients can act as Trojan horses carrying infection into and around the hospital, setting up unexpected transmission events. Transmission of infection from pre-symptomatic, asymptomatic and minimally symptomatic individuals means that universal use of measures to prevent transmission is required for successful reduction of transmission events in the hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Asad
- Public Health Wales Microbiology Department, 8 Eaton Cres, Sketty, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - C Johnston
- Public Health Wales Microbiology Department, 8 Eaton Cres, Sketty, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - I Blyth
- Public Health Wales Microbiology Department, 8 Eaton Cres, Sketty, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - A Holborow
- Public Health Wales Microbiology Department, 8 Eaton Cres, Sketty, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - A Bone
- Public Health Wales Microbiology Department, 8 Eaton Cres, Sketty, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - L Porter
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science 2, Sketty, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - P Tidswell
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science 2, Sketty, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - B Healy
- Public Health Wales Microbiology Department, 8 Eaton Cres, Sketty, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
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