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Dueck A, Wunsch K, Reis O, Böttcher H, Häßler F, Buchmann J, Kölch M, Oster H, Astiz M, Berger C. Dance to another rhythm - chronobiology and sleep in ADHD children. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pang X, Mörtberg U, Sallnäs O, Trubins R, Nordström EM, Böttcher H. Habitat network assessment of forest bioenergy options using the landscape simulator LandSim – A case study of Kronoberg, southern Sweden. Ecol Modell 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pannier A, Lehrer T, Vogel M, Soltmann U, Böttcher H, Tarre S, Green M, Raff J, Pollmann K. Long-term activity of biohybrid coatings of atrazine-degrading bacteria Pseudomonas sp. ADP. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02928c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Smith P, Haberl H, Popp A, Erb KH, Lauk C, Harper R, Tubiello FN, de Siqueira Pinto A, Jafari M, Sohi S, Masera O, Böttcher H, Berndes G, Bustamante M, Ahammad H, Clark H, Dong H, Elsiddig EA, Mbow C, Ravindranath NH, Rice CW, Robledo Abad C, Romanovskaya A, Sperling F, Herrero M, House JI, Rose S. How much land-based greenhouse gas mitigation can be achieved without compromising food security and environmental goals? Glob Chang Biol 2013; 19:2285-302. [PMID: 23505220 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Feeding 9-10 billion people by 2050 and preventing dangerous climate change are two of the greatest challenges facing humanity. Both challenges must be met while reducing the impact of land management on ecosystem services that deliver vital goods and services, and support human health and well-being. Few studies to date have considered the interactions between these challenges. In this study we briefly outline the challenges, review the supply- and demand-side climate mitigation potential available in the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use AFOLU sector and options for delivering food security. We briefly outline some of the synergies and trade-offs afforded by mitigation practices, before presenting an assessment of the mitigation potential possible in the AFOLU sector under possible future scenarios in which demand-side measures codeliver to aid food security. We conclude that while supply-side mitigation measures, such as changes in land management, might either enhance or negatively impact food security, demand-side mitigation measures, such as reduced waste or demand for livestock products, should benefit both food security and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation. Demand-side measures offer a greater potential (1.5-15.6 Gt CO2 -eq. yr(-1) ) in meeting both challenges than do supply-side measures (1.5-4.3 Gt CO2 -eq. yr(-1) at carbon prices between 20 and 100 US$ tCO2 -eq. yr(-1) ), but given the enormity of challenges, all options need to be considered. Supply-side measures should be implemented immediately, focussing on those that allow the production of more agricultural product per unit of input. For demand-side measures, given the difficulties in their implementation and lag in their effectiveness, policy should be introduced quickly, and should aim to codeliver to other policy agenda, such as improving environmental quality or improving dietary health. These problems facing humanity in the 21st Century are extremely challenging, and policy that addresses multiple objectives is required now more than ever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Smith
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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Böttcher H, Freibauer A, Scholz Y, Gitz V, Ciais P, Mund M, Wutzler T, Schulze ED. Setting priorities for land management to mitigate climate change. Carbon Balance Manag 2012; 7:5. [PMID: 22423646 PMCID: PMC3386023 DOI: 10.1186/1750-0680-7-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No consensus has been reached how to measure the effectiveness of climate change mitigation in the land-use sector and how to prioritize land use accordingly. We used the long-term cumulative and average sectorial C stocks in biomass, soil and products, C stock changes, the substitution of fossil energy and of energy-intensive products, and net present value (NPV) as evaluation criteria for the effectiveness of a hectare of productive land to mitigate climate change and produce economic returns. We evaluated land management options using real-life data of Thuringia, a region representative for central-western European conditions, and input from life cycle assessment, with a carbon-tracking model. We focused on solid biomass use for energy production. RESULTS In forestry, the traditional timber production was most economically viable and most climate-friendly due to an assumed recycling rate of 80% of wood products for bioenergy. Intensification towards "pure bioenergy production" would reduce the average sectorial C stocks and the C substitution and would turn NPV negative. In the forest conservation (non-use) option, the sectorial C stocks increased by 52% against timber production, which was not compensated by foregone wood products and C substitution. Among the cropland options wheat for food with straw use for energy, whole cereals for energy, and short rotation coppice for bioenergy the latter was most climate-friendly. However, specific subsidies or incentives for perennials would be needed to favour this option. CONCLUSIONS When using the harvested products as materials prior to energy use there is no climate argument to support intensification by switching from sawn-wood timber production towards energy-wood in forestry systems. A legal framework would be needed to ensure that harvested products are first used for raw materials prior to energy use. Only an effective recycling of biomaterials frees land for long-term sustained C sequestration by conservation. Reuse cascades avoid additional emissions from shifting production or intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Böttcher
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Ecosystem Services and Management Program, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg 2361, Austria
| | - Annette Freibauer
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Institut für Agrarrelevante Klimaforschung, Bundesallee 50, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - Yvonne Scholz
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Technische Thermodynamik, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Vincent Gitz
- CIRED - CNRS/EHESS, 45 bis avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent s/Marne 94736, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche CEA-CNRS, CE Orme des Merisiers, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex 91191, France
| | - Martina Mund
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Burckhardt-Institut, Waldbau und Waldökologie der gemäßigten Zonen, Büsgenweg 1, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Thomas Wutzler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie, Postfach 100164, Jena 07701, Germany
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Obersteiner M, Huettner M, Kraxner F, McCallum I, Aoki K, Böttcher H, Fritz S, Gusti M, Havlik P, Kindermann G, Rametsteiner E, Reyers B. On fair, effective and efficient REDD mechanism design. Carbon Balance Manag 2009; 4:11. [PMID: 19943927 PMCID: PMC2791753 DOI: 10.1186/1750-0680-4-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The issues surrounding 'Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation' (REDD) have become a major component of continuing negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This paper aims to address two key requirements of any potential REDD mechanism: first, the generation of measurable, reportable and verifiable (MRV) REDD credits; and secondly, the sustainable and efficient provision of emission reductions under a robust financing regime.To ensure the supply of MRV credits, we advocate the establishment of an 'International Emission Reference Scenario Coordination Centre' (IERSCC). The IERSCC would act as a global clearing house for harmonized data to be used in implementing reference level methodologies. It would be tasked with the collection, reporting and subsequent processing of earth observation, deforestation- and degradation driver information in a globally consistent manner. The IERSCC would also assist, coordinate and supervise the computation of national reference scenarios according to rules negotiated under the UNFCCC. To overcome the threats of "market flooding" on the one hand and insufficient economic incentives for REDD on the other hand, we suggest an 'International Investment Reserve' (IIR) as REDD financing framework. In order to distribute the resources of the IIR we propose adopting an auctioning mechanism. Auctioning not only reveals the true emission reduction costs, but might also allow for incentivizing the protection of biodiversity and socio-economic values. The introduced concepts will be vital to ensure robustness, environmental integrity and economic efficiency of the future REDD mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Obersteiner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Michael Huettner
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knoll-Str 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, GSBC-EIC 'The Economics of Innovative Change', Carl-Zeiss-Str 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Kraxner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Ian McCallum
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Kentaro Aoki
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Hannes Böttcher
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Steffen Fritz
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Mykola Gusti
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Petr Havlik
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Georg Kindermann
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Ewald Rametsteiner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Belinda Reyers
- The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Meiring Naudé Road, Brummeria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Airapetian A, Akopov N, Akopov Z, Aschenauer EC, Augustyniak W, Avetissian A, Avetisyan E, Bacchetta A, Ball B, Bianchi N, Blok HP, Böttcher H, Bonomo C, Borissov A, Bryzgalov V, Burns J, Capiluppi M, Capitani GP, Cisbani E, Ciullo G, Contalbrigo M, Dalpiaz PF, Deconinck W, De Leo R, De Nardo L, De Sanctis E, Diefenthaler M, Di Nezza P, Dreschler J, Düren M, Ehrenfried M, Elbakian G, Ellinghaus F, Elschenbroich U, Fabbri R, Fantoni A, Felawka L, Frullani S, Gabbert D, Gapienko G, Gapienko V, Garibaldi F, Gharibyan V, Giordano F, Gliske S, Hadjidakis C, Hartig M, Hasch D, Hill G, Hillenbrand A, Hoek M, Holler Y, Hristova I, Imazu Y, Ivanilov A, Jackson HE, Jo HS, Joosten S, Kaiser R, Keri T, Kinney E, Kisselev A, Korotkov V, Kozlov V, Kravchenko P, Lagamba L, Lamb R, Lapikás L, Lehmann I, Lenisa P, Linden-Levy LA, López Ruiz A, Lorenzon W, Lu XG, Lu XR, Ma BQ, Mahon D, Makins NCR, Manaenkov SI, Manfré L, Mao Y, Marianski B, Martinez de la Ossa A, Marukyan H, Miller CA, Miyachi Y, Movsisyan A, Murray M, Mussgiller A, Nappi E, Naryshkin Y, Nass A, Negodaev M, Nowak WD, Pappalardo LL, Perez-Benito R, Reimer PE, Reolon AR, Riedl C, Rith K, Rosner G, Rostomyan A, Rubin J, Ryckbosch D, Salomatin Y, Sanftl F, Schäfer A, Schnell G, Schüler KP, Seitz B, Shibata TA, Shutov V, Stancari M, Statera M, Steijger JJM, Stenzel H, Stewart J, Stinzing F, Taroian S, Terkulov A, Trzcinski A, Tytgat M, Vandenbroucke A, van der Nat PB, Van Haarlem Y, Van Hulse C, Varanda M, Veretennikov D, Vikhrov V, Vilardi I, Vogel C, Wang S, Yaschenko S, Ye H, Ye Z, Yen S, Yu W, Zeiler D, Zihlmann B, Zupranski P. Observation of the naive-T-odd Sivers effect in deep-inelastic scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:152002. [PMID: 19905623 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.152002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Azimuthal single-spin asymmetries of leptoproduced pions and charged kaons were measured on a transversely polarized hydrogen target. Evidence for a naive-T-odd, transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution function is deduced from nonvanishing Sivers effects for pi(+), pi(0), and K(+/-), as well as in the difference of the pi(+) and pi(-) cross sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Airapetian
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Böttcher H, Eisbrenner K, Fritz S, Kindermann G, Kraxner F, McCallum I, Obersteiner M. An assessment of monitoring requirements and costs of 'Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation'. Carbon Balance Manag 2009; 4:7. [PMID: 19709413 PMCID: PMC2741441 DOI: 10.1186/1750-0680-4-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negotiations on a future climate policy framework addressing Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) are ongoing. Regardless of how such a framework will be designed, many technical solutions of estimating forest cover and forest carbon stock change exist to support policy in monitoring and accounting. These technologies typically combine remotely sensed data with ground-based inventories. In this article we assess the costs of monitoring REDD based on available technologies and requirements associated with key elements of REDD policy. RESULTS We find that the design of a REDD policy framework (and specifically its rules) can have a significant impact on monitoring costs. Costs may vary from 0.5 to 550 US$ per square kilometre depending on the required precision of carbon stock and area change detection. Moreover, they follow economies of scale, i.e. single country or project solutions will face relatively higher monitoring costs. CONCLUSION Although monitoring costs are relatively small compared to other cost items within a REDD system, they should be shared not only among countries but also among sectors, because an integrated monitoring system would have multiple benefits for non-REDD management. Overcoming initialization costs and unequal access to monitoring technologies is crucial for implementation of an integrated monitoring system, and demands for international cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Böttcher
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | | | - Steffen Fritz
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Georg Kindermann
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Florian Kraxner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Ian McCallum
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Michael Obersteiner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
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Böttcher H, Freibauer A, Obersteiner M, Schulze ED. Uncertainty analysis of climate change mitigation options in the forestry sector using a generic carbon budget model. Ecol Modell 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Airapetian A, Akopov N, Akopov Z, Amarian M, Andrus A, Aschenauer EC, Augustyniak W, Avakian R, Avetissian A, Avetissian E, Bailey P, Balin D, Beckmann M, Belostotski S, Bianchi N, Blok HP, Böttcher H, Borissov A, Borysenko A, Bouwhuis M, Brüll A, Bryzgalov V, Capiluppi M, Capitani GP, Chen T, Ciullo G, Contalbrigo M, Dalpiaz PF, Deconinck W, De Leo R, Demey M, De Nardo L, De Sanctis E, Devitsin E, Di Nezza P, Dreschler J, Düren M, Ehrenfried M, Elalaoui-Moulay A, Elbakian G, Ellinghaus F, Elschenbroich U, Fabbri R, Fantoni A, Felawka L, Frullani S, Funel A, Gapienko G, Gapienko V, Garibaldi F, Garrow K, Gaskell D, Gavrilov G, Gharibyan V, Grebeniouk O, Gregor IM, Hadjidakis C, Hafidi K, Hartig M, Hasch D, Hesselink WHA, Hillenbrand A, Hoek M, Holler Y, Hommez B, Hristova I, Iarygin G, Ivanilov A, Izotov A, Jackson HE, Jgoun A, Kaiser R, Kinney E, Kisselev A, Kobayashi T, Kopytin M, Korotkov V, Kozlov V, Krauss B, Krivokhijine VG, Lagamba L, Lapikás L, Laziev A, Lenisa P, Liebing P, Linden-Levy LA, Lorenzon W, Lu H, Lu J, Lu S, Ma BQ, Maiheu B, Makins NCR, Mao Y, Marianski B, Marukyan H, Masoli F, Mexner V, Meyners N, Michler T, Mikloukho O, Miller CA, Miyachi Y, Muccifora V, Murray M, Nagaitsev A, Nappi E, Naryshkin Y, Negodaev M, Nowak WD, Oganessyan K, Ohsuga H, Osborne A, Pickert N, Potterveld DH, Raithel M, Reggiani D, Reimer PE, Reischl A, Reolon AR, Riedl C, Rith K, Rosner G, Rostomyan A, Rubacek L, Rubin J, Ryckbosch D, Salomatin Y, Sanjiev I, Savin I, Schäfer A, Schnell G, Schüler KP, Seele J, Seidl R, Seitz B, Shanidze R, Shearer C, Shibata TA, Shutov V, Sinram K, Sommer W, Stancari M, Statera M, Steffens E, Steijger JJM, Stenzel H, Stewart J, Stinzing F, Tait P, Tanaka H, Taroian S, Tchuiko B, Terkulov A, Trzcinski A, Tytgat M, Vandenbroucke A, van der Nat PB, van der Steenhoven G, van Haarlem Y, Vikhrov V, Vincter MG, Vogel C, Volmer J, Wang S, Wendland J, Ye Y, Ye Z, Yen S, Zihlmann B, Zupranski P. Beam-charge azimuthal asymmetry and deeply virtual Compton scattering. Int J Clin Exp Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.75.011103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Airapetian A, Akopov N, Akopov Z, Amarian M, Andrus A, Aschenauer EC, Augustyniak W, Avakian R, Avetissian A, Avetissian E, Bailey P, Belostotski S, Bianchi N, Blok HP, Böttcher H, Borissov A, Borysenko A, Brüll A, Bryzgalov V, Capiluppi M, Capitani GP, Ciullo G, Contalbrigo M, Dalpiaz PF, Deconinck W, De Leo R, Demey M, De Nardo L, De Sanctis E, Devitsin E, Diefenthaler M, Di Nezza P, Dreschler J, Düren M, Ehrenfried M, Elalaoui-Moulay A, Elbakian G, Ellinghaus F, Elschenbroich U, Fabbri R, Fantoni A, Felawka L, Frullani S, Funel A, Gapienko G, Gapienko V, Garibaldi F, Garrow K, Gavrilov G, Gharibyan V, Giordano F, Grebeniouk O, Gregor IM, Griffioen K, Guler H, Hadjidakis C, Hartig M, Hasch D, Hasegawa T, Hesselink WH, Hillenbrand A, Hoek M, Holler Y, Hommez B, Hristova I, Iarygin G, Ivanilov A, Izotov A, Jackson HE, Jgoun A, Kaiser R, Keri T, Kinney E, Kisselev A, Kobayashi T, Kopytin M, Korotkov V, Kozlov V, Krauss B, Kravchenko P, Krivokhijine VG, Lagamba L, Lapikás L, Lenisa P, Liebing P, Linden-Levy LA, Lorenzon W, Lu J, Lu S, Ma BQ, Maiheu B, Makins NCR, Mao Y, Marianski B, Marukyan H, Masoli F, Mexner V, Meyners N, Michler T, Mikloukho O, Miller CA, Miyachi Y, Muccifora V, Murray M, Nagaitsev A, Nappi E, Naryshkin Y, Negodaev M, Nowak WD, Ohsuga H, Osborne A, Perez-Benito R, Pickert N, Raithel M, Reggiani D, Reimer PE, Reischl A, Roelon AR, Riedl C, Rith K, Rosner G, Rostomyan A, Rubacek L, Rubin J, Ryckbosch D, Salomatin Y, Sanjiev I, Savin I, Schäfer A, Schnell G, Schüler KP, Seele J, Seidl R, Seitz B, Shearer C, Shibata TA, Shutov V, Sinram K, Stancari M, Statera M, Steffens E, Steijger JJM, Stenzel H, Stewart J, Stinzing F, Streit J, Tait P, Tanaka H, Taroian S, Tchuiko B, Terkulov A, Trzcinski A, Tytgat M, Vandenbroucke A, van der Nat PB, van der Steenhoven G, van Haarlem Y, Veretennikov D, Vikhrov V, Vogel C, Wang S, Ye Y, Ye Z, Yen S, Zihlmann B, Zupranski P. Double-hadron leptoproduction in the nuclear medium. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:162301. [PMID: 16712217 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.162301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The first measurements of double-hadron production in deep-inelastic scattering within the nuclear medium were made with the HERMES spectrometer at DESY HERA using a 27.6 GeV positron beam. By comparing data for deuterium, nitrogen, krypton, and xenon nuclei, the influence of the nuclear medium on the ratio of double-hadron to single-hadron yields was investigated. Nuclear effects on the additional hadron are clearly observed, but with little or no difference among nitrogen, krypton, or xenon, and with smaller magnitude than effects seen on previously measured single-hadron multiplicities. The data are compared with models based on partonic energy loss or prehadronic scattering and with a model based on a purely absorptive treatment of the final-state interactions. Thus, the double-hadron ratio provides an additional tool for studying modifications of hadronization in nuclear matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Airapetian
- Randall Laboratory of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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Mack A, Weltz D, Scheib SG, Wowra B, Böttcher H, Seifert V. Development of a 3-D convolution / superposition algorithm for precise dose calculation in the skull. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 29:1-12. [PMID: 16623216 DOI: 10.1007/bf03178822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this paper an algorithm for calculating 3-D dose distributions within the brain is introduced and adapted to the demands of modem radiosurgery. The dose calculation with this model is based on a 3-D distribution of the primary photon intensity which is calculated with a ray casting algorithm. A prelocated matrix takes into account field sizes as well as modifying elements as collimator positions (MLC), blocks, wedges and compensators. Monte Carlo precalculated monoenergetic kernels from 0.1 MeV to 50 MeV were at our disposal. The components of the spectrum were either determined by deconvoluting depth dose curves measured in water or analyzed with a Ge-Li detector system in the case of 60Co. The calculated fluence distribution has to be superposed to the complete kernel containing the spatial energy deposition. Inhomogeneities and tissue interface phenomena (rhoe, Z) have been investigated. The divergence of the rays and the curved surface of the patient are taken into account. Assuming homogenous media, it is possible to shorten the computation time by using the Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) delivering a first overview within seconds. The algorithm was evaluated and verified under specific conditions of small fields as used in radiosurgery and compared to dose measurements and Monte Carlo calculations. In using both the fast algorithm (FFT) for mainly homogenous conditions on one hand and the very precise superposition for inhomogeneous cases on the other, this algorithm can be a very helpful instrument especially for critical locations in the skull.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mack
- Gamma Knife Center Frankfurt, Schleusenweg, Germany.
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Airapetian A, Akopov N, Akopov Z, Amarian M, Ammosov VV, Andrus A, Aschenauer EC, Augustyniak W, Avakian R, Avetissian A, Avetissian E, Bailey P, Balin D, Baturin V, Beckmann M, Belostotski S, Bernreuther S, Bianchi N, Blok HP, Böttcher H, Borissov A, Borysenko A, Bouwhuis M, Brack J, Brüll A, Bryzgalov V, Capitani GP, Chen T, Chiang HC, Ciullo G, Contalbrigo M, Dalpiaz PF, De Leo R, Demey M, De Nardo L, De Sanctis E, Devitsin E, Di Nezza P, Dreschler J, Düren M, Ehrenfried M, Elalaoui-Moulay A, Elbakian G, Ellinghaus F, Elschenbroich U, Fabbri R, Fantoni A, Fechtchenko A, Felawka L, Fox B, Frullani S, Gapienko G, Gapienko V, Garibaldi F, Garrow K, Garutti E, Gaskell D, Gavrilov G, Gharibyan V, Graw G, Grebeniouk O, Greeniaus LG, Gregor IM, Hafidi K, Hartig M, Hasch D, Heesbeen D, Henoch M, Hertenberger R, Hesselink WHA, Hillenbrand A, Hoek M, Holler Y, Hommez B, Iarygin G, Ivanilov A, Izotov A, Jackson HE, Jgoun A, Kaiser R, Kinney E, Kisselev A, Kopytin M, Korotkov V, Kozlov V, Krauss B, Krivokhijine VG, Lagamba L, Lapikás L, Laziev A, Lenisa P, Liebing P, Linden-Levy LA, Lipka K, Lorenzon W, Lu H, Lu J, Lu S, Ma BQ, Maiheu B, Makins NCR, Mao Y, Marianski B, Marukyan H, Masoli F, Mexner V, Meyners N, Mikloukho O, Miller CA, Miyachi Y, Muccifora V, Nagaitsev A, Nappi E, Naryshkin Y, Nass A, Negodaev M, Nowak WD, Oganessyan K, Ohsuga H, Pickert N, Potashov S, Potterveld DH, Raithel M, Reggiani D, Reimer PE, Reischl A, Reolon AR, Riedl C, Rith K, Rosner G, Rostomyan A, Rubacek L, Rubin J, Ryckbosch D, Salomatin Y, Sanjiev I, Savin I, Schäfer A, Schill C, Schnell G, Schüler KP, Seele J, Seidl R, Seitz B, Shanidze R, Shearer C, Shibata TA, Shutov V, Simani MC, Sinram K, Stancari M, Statera M, Steffens E, Steijger JJM, Stenzel H, Stewart J, Stinzing F, Stösslein U, Tait P, Tanaka H, Taroian S, Tchuiko B, Terkulov A, Tkabladze A, Trzcinski A, Tytgat M, Vandenbroucke A, van der Nat PB, van der Steenhoven G, Vetterli MC, Vikhrov V, Vincter MG, Vogel C, Vogt M, Volmer J, Weiskopf C, Wendland J, Wilbert J, Ye Y, Ye Z, Yen S, Zihlmann B, Zupranski P. Measurement of the tensor structure function b1 of the deuteron. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:242001. [PMID: 16384369 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.242001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The Hermes experiment has investigated the tensor spin structure of the deuteron using the 27.6 GeV/c positron beam of DESY HERA. The use of a tensor-polarized deuteron gas target with only a negligible residual vector polarization enabled the first measurement of the tensor asymmetry A(d)zz and the tensor structure function b(d)1 for average values of the Bjorken variable 0.01< <x> <0.45 and of the negative of the squared four-momentum transfer 0.5 GeV2 < <Q2> <5 GeV2. The quantities A(d)zz and b(d)1 are found to be nonzero. The rise of b(d)1 for decreasing values of x can be interpreted to originate from the same mechanism that leads to nuclear shadowing in unpolarized scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Airapetian
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
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Mack A, Kloos U, Weltz D, Scheib SG, Böttcher H, Seifert V. Development of an interactive graphical user interface for therapy simulation. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 2005; 28:223-31. [PMID: 16506619 DOI: 10.1007/bf03178722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Because of the ongoing development to more complex non-coplanar techniques in radiotherapy, the use of modem computer graphics while designing a dose plan becomes increasingly essential and more important. In this paper, we describe a concept to simulate 3D conformal treatment techniques on the computer. All important components of the treatment device and relevant patient structures are mapped to an internal model, which allows simulation of motion sequences as well as the interactive adjustment of treatment parameters. The intention of this user interface is to save time by using mainly graphical modules in the optimization process instead of running through the dose calculation every time.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mack
- Gamma Knife Centre Frankfurt, Schleusenweg, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Hübner RH, Meffert S, Mundt U, Böttcher H, Freitag S, El Mokhtari NE, Pufe T, Hirt S, Fölsch UR, Bewig B. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 in bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation. Eur Respir J 2005; 25:494-501. [PMID: 15738294 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.05.00091804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a severe complication after lung transplantation (LTX). In a retrospective cohort study 12 stable healthy recipients (non-BOS) and eight patients with BOS were enrolled after LTX and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9, TIMP-1 and cell characteristics in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples (n = 145) were analysed. BALs from patients with BOS were further divided according to whether they were obtained before (pre-BOS) or after manifestation of BOS (BOS group). The MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio was significantly increased in the BOS group compared with non-BOS or pre-BOS; furthermore, the ratio was negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second. In zymography, the active form of MMP-9 was detected predominantly in the BOS group. In addition, zymography showed the banding pattern of neutrophil-derived MMP-9, indicating that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were the main source of MMP-9. According to that, MMP-9 was significantly correlated with the number of PMN. In immunocytochemistry, MMP-9 was also associated predominantly with PMN. This is the first study to evaluate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 over time during manifestation of a fibroproliferative lung disease in patients. It demonstrates development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation is associated with an imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases-9/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Hübner
- Dept of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstr.12, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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Böttcher H, Lehmkuhl H, Dandel M, Günther G, Mulahasanovic S, Hetzer R. Lungentransplantation nach allogener Knochenmarktransplantation. Pneumologie 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-864489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lehmkuhl H, Knollmann F, Böttcher H, Dandel M, Grauhan O, Knosalla C, Witt C, Felix R, Hetzer R. Feasibility of dynamic high resolution electron beam computed tomography for diagnosing of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) in lung transplant recipients. Pneumologie 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-864495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dandel M, Lehmkuhl H, Weng Y, Mulahasanovic S, Böttcher H, Knosalla C, Grauhan O, Hetzer R. Outcome of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension after listing for transplantation: Benefits of therapy with iloprost and bosentan. J Heart Lung Transplant 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2004.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Dandel M, Lehmkuhl H, Weng Y, Mulahasanovic S, Böttcher H, Grauhan O, Knosalla C, Hetzer R. Outcome of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension after listing for transplantation: benefits of therapy with Iloprost and Bosentan. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-862052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Dandel M, Weng Y, Mulahasanovic S, Lehmkuhl H, Knosalla C, Böttcher H, Grauhan O, Hetzer R. Long-term outcome in pediatric lung and heart-lung transplantation. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-861923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Airapetian A, Akopov N, Akopov Z, Amarian M, Andrus A, Aschenauer EC, Augustyniak W, Avakian R, Avetissian A, Avetissian E, Bacchetta A, Bailey P, Balin D, Beckmann M, Belostotski S, Bianchi N, Blok HP, Böttcher H, Borissov A, Borysenko A, Bouwhuis M, Brüll A, Bryzgalov V, Capitani GP, Cappiluppi M, Chen T, Ciullo G, Contalbrigo M, Dalpiaz PF, Leo RD, Demey M, Nardo LD, Sanctis ED, Devitsin E, Nezza PD, Düren M, Ehrenfried M, Elalaoui-Moulay A, Elbakian G, Ellinghaus F, Elschenbroich U, Fabbri R, Fantoni A, Fechtchenko A, Felawka L, Frullani S, Gapienko G, Gapienko V, Garibaldi F, Garrow K, Gavrilov G, Gharibyan V, Grebeniouk O, Gregor IM, Hadjidakis C, Hafidi K, Hartig M, Hasch D, Henoch M, Hesselink WHA, Hillenbrand A, Hoek M, Holler Y, Hommez B, Hristova I, Iarygin G, Ilyichev A, Ivanilov A, Izotov A, Jackson HE, Jgoun A, Kaiser R, Kinney E, Kisselev A, Kobayashi T, Kopytin M, Korotkov V, Kozlov V, Krauss B, Krivokhijine VG, Lagamba L, Lapikás L, Laziev A, Lenisa P, Liebing P, Linden-Levy LA, Lorenzon W, Lu H, Lu J, Lu S, Ma BQ, Maiheu B, Makins NCR, Mao Y, Marianski B, Marukyan H, Masoli F, Mexner V, Meyners N, Michler T, Mikloukho O, Miller CA, Miyachi Y, Muccifora V, Nagaitsev A, Nappi E, Naryshkin Y, Nass A, Negodaev M, Nowak WD, Oganessyan K, Ohsuga H, Osborne A, Pickert N, Potterveld DH, Raithel M, Reggiani D, Reimer PE, Reischl A, Reolon AR, Riedl C, Rith K, Rosner G, Rostomyan A, Rubacek L, Rubin J, Ryckbosch D, Salomatin Y, Sanjiev I, Savin I, Schäfer A, Schill C, Schnell G, Schüler KP, Seele J, Seidl R, Seitz B, Shanidze R, Shearer C, Shibata TA, Shutov V, Sinram K, Sommer W, Stancari M, Statera M, Steffens E, Steijger JJM, Stenzel H, Stewart J, Stinzing F, Tait P, Tanaka H, Taroian S, Tchuiko B, Terkulov A, Trzcinski A, Tytgat M, Vandenbroucke A, van der Nat PB, van der Steenhoven G, van Haarlem Y, Vetterli MC, Vikhrov V, Vincter MG, Vogel C, Volmer J, Wang S, Wendland J, Wilbert J, Smit GY, Ye Y, Ye Z, Yen S, Zihlmann B, Zupranski P. Single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering on a transversely polarized hydrogen target. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:012002. [PMID: 15698069 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.012002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Single-spin asymmetries for semi-inclusive electroproduction of charged pions in deep-inelastic scattering of positrons are measured for the first time with transverse target polarization. The asymmetry depends on the azimuthal angles of both the pion (phi) and the target spin axis (phi(S)) about the virtual-photon direction and relative to the lepton scattering plane. The extracted Fourier component sin((phi+phi(S))(pi)(UT) is a signal of the previously unmeasured quark transversity distribution, in conjunction with the Collins fragmentation function, also unknown. The component sin((phi-phi(S)(pi)(UT) arises from a correlation between the transverse polarization of the target nucleon and the intrinsic transverse momentum of quarks, as represented by the previously unmeasured Sivers distribution function. Evidence for both signals is observed, but the Sivers asymmetry may be affected by exclusive vector meson production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Airapetian
- Randall Laboratory of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120, USA
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Böttcher H, Marx DRJ, Lukas J, Strehmel B. Untersuchung der sensibilisierten Photolyse von 2-Diazo-1-oxo-1,2-dihydronaphthalenen in fester Schicht. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/prac.19823240208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Adler B, Becker HGO, Böttcher H. Massenspektrometrische Fragmentierung einiger Chinondiazide. NN-Spaltung als Primärreaktion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/prac.19723140106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Airapetian A, Akopov N, Akopov Z, Amarian M, Ammosov VV, Andrus A, Aschenauer EC, Augustyniak W, Avakian R, Avetissian A, Avetissian E, Bailey P, Baturin V, Baumgarten C, Beckmann M, Belostotski S, Bernreuther S, Bianchi N, Blok HP, Böttcher H, Borissov A, Bouwhuis M, Brack J, Brüll A, Bryzgalov V, Capitani GP, Chiang HC, Ciullo G, Contalbrigo M, Dalpiaz PF, De Leo R, De Nardo L, De Sanctis E, Devitsin E, Di Nezza P, Düren M, Ehrenfried M, Elalaoui-Moulay A, Elbakian G, Ellinghaus F, Elschenbroich U, Ely J, Fabbri R, Fantoni A, Fechtchenko A, Felawka L, Fox B, Franz J, Frullani S, Gärber Y, Gapienko G, Gapienko V, Garibaldi F, Garrow K, Garutti E, Gaskell D, Gavrilov G, Gharibyan V, Graw G, Grebeniouk O, Greeniaus LG, Hafidi K, Hartig M, Hasch D, Heesbeen D, Henoch M, Hertenberger R, Hesselink WHA, Hillenbrand A, Hoek M, Holler Y, Hommez B, Iarygin G, Ivanilov A, Izotov A, Jackson HE, Jgoun A, Kaiser R, Kinney E, Kisselev A, Königsmann K, Kopytin M, Korotkov V, Kozlov V, Krauss B, Krivokhijine VG, Lagamba L, Lapikás L, Laziev A, Lenisa P, Liebing P, Lindemann T, Lipka K, Lorenzon W, Lu J, Maiheu B, Makins NCR, Marianski B, Marukyan H, Masoli F, Mexner V, Meyners N, Mikloukho O, Miller CA, Miyachi Y, Muccifora V, Nagaitsev A, Nappi E, Naryshkin Y, Nass A, Negodaev M, Nowak WD, Oganessyan K, Ohsuga H, Orlandi G, Pickert N, Potashov S, Potterveld DH, Raithel M, Reggiani D, Reimer PE, Reischl A, Reolon AR, Riedl C, Rith K, Rosner G, Rostomyan A, Rubacek L, Ryckbosch D, Salomatin Y, Sanjiev I, Savin I, Scarlett C, Schäfer A, Schill C, Schnell G, Schüler KP, Schwind A, Seele J, Seidl R, Seitz B, Shanidze R, Shearer C, Shibata TA, Shutov V, Simani MC, Sinram K, Stancari M, Statera M, Steffens E, Steijger JJM, Stewart J, Stösslein U, Tait P, Tanaka H, Taroian S, Tchuiko B, Terkulov A, Tkabladze A, Trzcinski A, Tytgat M, Vandenbroucke A, Van Der Nat P, Van Der Steenhoven G, Vetterli MC, Vikhrov V, Vincter MG, Visser J, Vogel C, Vogt M, Volmer J, Weiskopf C, Wendland J, Wilbert J, Ybeles Smit G, Yen S, Zihlmann B, Zohrabian H, Zupranski P. Flavor decomposition of the sea-quark helicity distributions in the nucleon from semiinclusive deep inelastic scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:012005. [PMID: 14753985 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Double-spin asymmetries of semiinclusive cross sections for the production of identified pions and kaons have been measured in deep inelastic scattering of polarized positrons on a polarized deuterium target. Five helicity distributions including those for three sea quark flavors were extracted from these data together with reanalyzed previous data for identified pions from a hydrogen target. These distributions are consistent with zero for all three sea flavors. A recently predicted flavor asymmetry in the polarization of the light quark sea appears to be disfavored by the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Airapetian
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
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Airapetian A, Akopov N, Akopov Z, Amarian M, Ammosov VV, Aschenauer EC, Avakian H, Avakian R, Avetissian A, Avetissian E, Bailey P, Baturin V, Baumgarten C, Beckmann M, Belostotski S, Bernreuther S, Bianchi N, Blok HP, Böttcher H, Borissov A, Bouhali O, Bouwhuis M, Brack J, Brauksiepe S, Brüll A, Brunn I, Bulten HJ, Capitani GP, Cisbani E, Ciullo G, Court GR, Dalpiaz PF, De Leo R, De Nardo L, De Sanctis E, Devitsin E, de Witt Huberts PKA, Di Nezza P, Düren M, Ehrenfried M, Elbakian G, Ellinghaus F, Elschenbroich U, Ely J, Fabbri R, Fantoni A, Fechtchenko A, Felawka L, Filippone BW, Fischer H, Fox B, Franz J, Frullani S, Gärber Y, Gapienko V, Garibaldi F, Garutti E, Gavrilov G, Gharibyan V, Graw G, Grebeniouk O, Green PW, Greeniaus LG, Gute A, Haeberli W, Hafidi K, Hartig M, Hasch D, Heesbeen D, Heinsius FH, Henoch M, Hertenberger R, Hesselink WHA, Hofman G, Holler Y, Holt RJ, Hommez B, Iarygin G, Izotov A, Jackson HE, Jgoun A, Jung P, Kaiser R, Kinney E, Kisselev A, Kitching P, Königsmann K, Kolster H, Kopytin M, Korotkov V, Kotik E, Kozlov V, Krauss B, Krivokhijine VG, Kyle G, Lagamba L, Laziev A, Lenisa P, Liebing P, Lindemann T, Lorenzon W, Maas A, Makins NCR, Marukyan H, Masoli F, Menden F, Mexner V, Meyners N, Mikloukho O, Miller CA, Muccifora V, Nagaitsev A, Nappi E, Naryshkin Y, Nass A, Negodaeva K, Nowak WD, Oganessyan K, Orlandi G, Podiatchev S, Potashov S, Potterveld DH, Raithel M, Rappoport V, Reggiani D, Reimer P, Reischl A, Reolon AR, Rith K, Rostomyan A, Ryckbosch D, Sakemi Y, Sanjiev I, Sato F, Savin I, Scarlett C, Schäfer A, Schill C, Schmidt F, Schnell G, Schüler KP, Schwind A, Seibert J, Seitz B, Shanidze R, Shibata TA, Shutov V, Simani MC, Sinram K, Stancari M, Steffens E, Steijger JJM, Stewart J, Stösslein U, Suetsugu K, Taroian S, Terkulov A, Tessarin S, Thomas E, Tipton B, Tytgat M, Urciuoli GM, van den Brand JFJ, van der Steenhoven G, van de Vyver R, Vetterli MC, Vikhrov V, Vincter MG, Visser J, Volmer J, Weiskopf C, Wendland J, Wilbert J, Wise T, Yen S, Yoneyama S, Zihlmann B, Zohrabian H. Evidence for quark-hadron duality in the proton spin asymmetry A1. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:092002. [PMID: 12689215 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.092002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Spin-dependent lepton-nucleon scattering data have been used to investigate the validity of the concept of quark-hadron duality for the spin asymmetry A1. Longitudinally polarized positrons were scattered off a longitudinally polarized hydrogen target for values of Q2 between 1.2 and 12 GeV2 and values of W2 between 1 and 4 GeV2. The average double-spin asymmetry in the nucleon resonance region is found to agree with that measured in deep-inelastic scattering at the same values of the Bjorken scaling variable x. This finding implies that the description of A1 in terms of quark degrees of freedom is valid also in the nucleon resonance region for values of Q2 above 1.6 GeV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Airapetian
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036, Yerevan, Armenia
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Airapetian A, Akopov N, Akopov Z, Amarian M, Ammosov VV, Andrus A, Aschenauer EC, Augustyniak W, Avakian R, Avetissian A, Avetissian E, Bailey P, Baturin V, Baumgarten C, Beckmann M, Belostotski S, Bernreuther S, Bianchi N, Blok HP, Böttcher H, Borissov A, Bouwhuis M, Brack J, Brüll A, Brunn I, Capitani GP, Chiang HC, Ciullo G, Contalbrigo M, Court GR, Dalpiaz PF, De Leo R, De Nardo L, De Sanctis E, Devitsin E, Di Nezza P, Düren M, Ehrenfried M, Elalaoui-Moulay A, Elbakian G, Ellinghaus F, Elschenbroich U, Ely J, Fabbri R, Fantoni A, Fechtchenko A, Felawka L, Fox B, Franz J, Frullani S, Gärber Y, Gapienko G, Gapienko V, Garibaldi F, Garutti E, Gaskell D, Gavrilov G, Gharibyan V, Graw G, Grebeniouk O, Greeniaus LG, Haeberli W, Hafidi K, Hartig M, Hasch D, Heesbeen D, Henoch M, Hertenberger R, Hesselink WHA, Hillenbrand A, Holler Y, Hommez B, Iarygin G, Izotov A, Jackson HE, Jgoun A, Kaiser R, Kinney E, Kisselev A, Königsmann K, Kolster H, Kopytin M, Korotkov V, Kozlov V, Krauss B, Krivokhijine VG, Lagamba L, Lapikás L, Laziev A, Lenisa P, Liebing P, Lindemann T, Lorenzon W, Makins NCR, Marukyan H, Masoli F, Menden F, Mexner V, Meyners N, Mikloukho O, Miller CA, Miyachi Y, Muccifora V, Nagaitsev A, Nappi E, Naryshkin Y, Nass A, Negodaeva K, Nowak WD, Oganessyan K, Ohsuga H, Orlandi G, Podiatchev S, Potashov S, Potterveld DH, Raithel M, Reggiani D, Reimer P, Reischl A, Reolon AR, Rith K, Rosner G, Rostomyan A, Ryckbosch D, Sanjiev I, Savin I, Scarlett C, Schäfer A, Schill C, Schnell G, Schüler KP, Schwind A, Seibert J, Seitz B, Shanidze R, Shibata TA, Shutov V, Simani MC, Sinram K, Stancari M, Statera M, Steffens E, Steijger JJM, Stewart J, Stösslein U, Tanaka H, Taroian S, Tchuiko B, Terkulov A, Tessarin S, Thomas E, Tkabladze A, Trzcinski A, Tytgat M, Urciuoli GM, Van Der Nat P, Van Der Steenhoven G, Van De Vyver R, Vetterli MC, Vikhrov V, Vincter MG, Visser J, Vogt M, Volmer J, Weiskopf C, Wendland J, Wilbert J, Wise T, Yen S, Yoneyama S, Zihlmann B, Zohrabian H, Zupranski P. Q2 dependence of nuclear transparency for exclusive rho0 production. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:052501. [PMID: 12633347 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.052501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Exclusive coherent and incoherent electroproduction of the rho(0) meson from 1H and 14N targets has been studied at the HERMES experiment as a function of coherence length (l(c)), corresponding to the lifetime of hadronic fluctuations of the virtual photon, and squared four-momentum of the virtual photon (-Q2). The ratio of 14N to 1H cross sections per nucleon, called nuclear transparency, was found to increase (decrease) with increasing l(c) for coherent (incoherent) rho(0) electroproduction. For fixed l(c), a rise of nuclear transparency with Q2 is observed for both coherent and incoherent rho(0) production, which is in agreement with theoretical calculations of color transparency.
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Böttcher H, Barnickel G, Hausberg HH, Haase AF, Seyfried CA, Eiermann V. Synthesis and dopaminergic activity of some 3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-1-pyridylalkyl)indoles. A novel conformational model to explain structure-activity relationships. J Med Chem 2002; 35:4020-6. [PMID: 1359142 DOI: 10.1021/jm00100a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and dopaminergic properties of a novel type of dopamine agonist is described. The number and kind of essential structural elements differ significantly from that of the rigid apomorphine-type dopamine agonists. Using standard molecular modeling techniques, a conformational model is developed proposing a U-shaped conformation which might be energetically preferred through aromatic pi-pi-interactions between both of the electron rich aromatic structural elements of this class of compounds. Superimposition of conformations of the lead compound 28 with apomorphine yields a novel model explaining the atypical structure-activity relationships found in this class of indolealkylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Böttcher
- E. Merck Darmstadt, Preclinical Pharmaceutical Research and Central Analytical Laboratory, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Hirt
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kiel University Hospital, Kiel, Germany
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Bastian A, Tunkel C, Lins M, Böttcher H, Hirt SW, Cremer J, Bewig B. Immunoglobulin A and secretory immunoglobulin A in the bronchoalveolar lavage from patients after lung transplantation. Clin Transplant 2000; 14:580-5. [PMID: 11127312 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0012.2000.140611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is the most important Ig on mucosal surfaces. In bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, sIgA is mainly produced by bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). The presence of pre-formed antibodies against donor tissue in kidney transplantation is associated with hyperacute rejection, indicating a humoral (antibody-mediated) reaction. In heart and liver transplantation, humoral rejection has also been documented. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of IgA in patients after lung transplantation. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was established to determine the levels of sIgA, IgA, and total protein in the lavage. IgA and sIgA were both detectable in BAL from transplanted lungs. IgA and sIgA levels were both higher during episodes of infection than during episodes of rejection or during the control episodes. The level of IgA during episodes of rejection equaled the level of IgA during the control episodes. The level of sIgA was significantly decreased during episodes of acute rejection (1.8 +/- 1.0 microg/mL) when compared with the control (7.2 +/- 1.0 microg/mL; p = 0.013). This study demonstrates that BALT retains the ability to produce Ig even after lung transplantation. The levels of IgA and sIgA and their ratio do not contribute to the differentiation between rejection and infection in lung-transplanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bastian
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
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Bewig B, Haacke TC, Tiroke A, Bastian A, Böttcher H, Hirt SW, Rautenberg P, Haverich A. Detection of CMV pneumonitis after lung transplantation using PCR of DNA from bronchoalveolar lavage cells. Respiration 2000; 67:166-72. [PMID: 10773788 DOI: 10.1159/000029481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is known as a common pathogen causing infections after lung transplantation. Rapid diagnosis of CMV infection is important for the initiation of a specific treatment. OBJECTIVE Evaluation of methods for the rapid diagnosis of CMV pneumonitis. METHODS The detection rates of CMV DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial brushes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), of viral antigens (p52 and IE1) in BAL and of pp65 antigen in peripheral blood leukocytes were compared to the clinical status after lung transplantation. In 28 patients, 105 BAL, 96 blood samples and 14 brushes were analyzed. RESULTS In 6 patients, a total of eight episodes of CMV pneumonitis occurred. Five of the 6 with positive CMV antigens in BAL (p52 or IE1) showed signs of CMV pneumonitis. All episodes of CMV pneumonitis were detected by the PCR of BAL cells. Fourteen samples positive for CMV pp65 antigen in blood were negative in BAL PCR. In these cases, no clinical signs of pulmonary CMV infection occurred. Overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the detection of CMV pneumonitis by PCR of BAL cells were 100, 98.9, 88.9 and 100%, respectively. In brush samples, PCR did not provide additional information to the results of the PCR of BAL cells. CONCLUSIONS PCR of DNA from BAL cells is suitable for reliable and rapid detection of CMV pneumonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bewig
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Germany.
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Airapetian A, Akopov N, Amarian M, Aschenauer EC, Avakian H, Avakian R, Avetissian A, Avetissian E, Bains B, Baumgarten C, Beckmann M, Belostotski S, Belz JE, Benisch T, Bernreuther S, Bianchi N, Blouw J, Böttcher H, Borissov A, Bouwhuis M, Brack J, Brauksiepe S, Braun B, Bray B, Brons S, Brückner W, Brüll A, Bruins EEW, Bulten HJ, Capitani GP, Carter P, Chumney P, Cisbani E, Court GR, Dalpiaz PF, De Sanctis E, De Schepper D, Devitsin E, de Witt Huberts PKA, Di Nezza P, Düren M, Dvoredsky A, Elbakian G, Ely J, Fantoni A, Fechtchenko A, Ferstl M, Fiedler K, Filippone BW, Fischer H, Fox B, Franz J, Frullani S, Funk MA, Gärber Y, Gao H, Garibaldi F, Gavrilov G, Geiger P, Gharibyan V, Golendukhin A, Graw G, Grebeniouk O, Green PW, Greeniaus LG, Grosshauser C, Guidal M, Gute A, Gyurjyan V, Haas JP, Haeberli W, Hansen JO, Hartig M, Hasch D, Häusser O, Heinsius FH, Henderson R, Henoch M, Hertenberger R, Holler Y, Holt RJ, Hoprich W, Ihssen H, Iodice M, Izotov A, Jackson HE, Jgoun A, Kaiser R, Kinney E, Kisselev A, Kitching P, Kobayashi H, Koch N, Königsmann K, Kolstein M, Kolster H, Korotkov V, Korsch W, Kozlov V, Kramer LH, Krivokhijine VG, Kurisuno M, Kyle G, Lachnit W, Lenisa P, Lorenzon W, Makins NCR, Martens FK, Martin JW, Masoli F, Mateos A, McAndrew M, McIlhany K, McKeown RD, Meissner F, Menden F, Metz A, Meyners N, Mikloukho O, Miller CA, Miller MA, Milner R, Most A, Muccifora V, Mussa R, Nagaitsev A, Naryshkin Y, Nathan AM, Neunreither F, Niczyporuk M, Nowak WD, Nupieri M, Oganessyan KA, O'Neill TG, Openshaw R, Ouyang J, Owen BR, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Pitt M, Potashov S, Potterveld DH, Rakness G, Reali A, Redwine R, Reolon AR, Ristinen R, Rith K, Rossi P, Rudnitsky S, Ruh M, Ryckbosch D, Sakemi Y, Savin I, Scarlett C, Schäfer A, Schmidt F, Schmitt H, Schnell G, Schüler KP, Schwind A, Seibert J, Shibata TA, Shibatani K, Shin T, Shutov V, Simani C, Simon A, Sinram K, Slavich P, Spengos M, Steffens E, Stenger J, Stewart J, Stoesslein U, Sutter M, Tallini H, Taroian S, Terkulov A, Teryaev O, Thomas E, Tipton B, Tytgat M, Urciuoli GM, van den Brand JFJ, van der Steenhoven G, van de Vyver R, van Hunen JJ, Vetterli MC, Vikhrov V, Vincter MG, Visser J, Volk E, Wander W, Wendland J, Williamson SE, Wise T, Woller K, Yoneyama S, Zohrabian H. Evidence for a single-spin azimuthal asymmetry in semi-inclusive pion electroproduction. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 84:4047-4051. [PMID: 10990607 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.4047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Single-spin asymmetries for semi-inclusive pion production in deep-inelastic scattering have been measured for the first time. A significant target-spin asymmetry of the distribution in the azimuthal angle straight phi of the pion relative to the lepton scattering plane was formed for pi(+) electroproduction on a longitudinally polarized hydrogen target. The corresponding analyzing power in the sinstraight phi moment of the cross section is 0.022+/-0.005+/-0.003. This result can be interpreted as the effect of terms in the cross section involving chiral-odd spin distribution functions in combination with a chiral-odd fragmentation function that is sensitive to the transverse polarization of the fragmenting quark.
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Matzen L, van Amsterdam C, Rautenberg W, Greiner HE, Harting J, Seyfried CA, Böttcher H. 5-HT reuptake inhibitors with 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonistic activity: a new approach toward efficient antidepressants. J Med Chem 2000; 43:1149-57. [PMID: 10737747 DOI: 10.1021/jm9811054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As part of our research program toward new, potential antidepressants, a series of unsymmetrical ureas has been prepared and evaluated as 5-HT reuptake inhibitors with 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonistic activities. The design of these compounds was based on coupling of various indole derivatives, previously shown to inhibit 5-HT reuptake, to three different aniline moieties, which are part of known 5-HT(1B/1D) ligands. Binding experiments in rat frontal cortex using [(125)I]iodocyanopindolol, in calf striatum using [(3)H]5-HT, and in rat hippocampus using [(3)H]8-OH-DPAT as radioligands, respectively, revealed significantly higher affinity at the 5-HT(1B) receptor as compared to the affinities for the 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1D) receptors for a number of compounds, among them 4-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid [4-methoxy-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]amide (5), the corresponding 4-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl analogue 21a, and the corresponding 6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl analogue 21b. Conformational restriction of the aniline moiety in 5 only slightly enhanced the 5-HT(1B) affinity, whereas introduction of an aniline moiety with higher conformational flexibility resulted in a less potent 5-HT(1B) receptor ligand as compared to 5. The functional 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonistic activity was investigated using the rabbit saphenous vein model as well as the [(3)H]5-HT release from guinea pig cortical slices. All new compounds tested in the rabbit saphenous vein model were shown to antagonize the sumatriptan-evoked contractile responses with pA(2) values ranging from 7.3 to 8.7. These observations were consistent with the results of the cortical slice model, in which the ureas were found to block the sumatriptan-induced inhibition of potassium-evoked [(3)H]5-HT release. The 5-HT reuptake inhibition of the ureas determined in rat brain synaptosomes was found to be either increased or decreased as compared to the uncoupled indole derivatives indicating that the reuptake inhibition shown by the ureas is not only due to the indole part but also affected by the aniline moiety of the molecule. Among this series of compounds described the ureas 5, 21a, and 21b seem to be the most interesting candidates showing both 5-HT reuptake inhibition and 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonism in vitro. This dual pharmacological profile should in theory lead to a pronounced enhancement in serotonergic neurotransmission and consequently to a more efficient treatment of depression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antidepressive Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antidepressive Agents/chemistry
- Antidepressive Agents/metabolism
- Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/ultrastructure
- Corpus Striatum/metabolism
- Frontal Lobe/metabolism
- Guinea Pigs
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- In Vitro Techniques
- Indoles/chemical synthesis
- Indoles/chemistry
- Indoles/metabolism
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle Contraction/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Rabbits
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1D
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Saphenous Vein/drug effects
- Saphenous Vein/physiology
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/chemical synthesis
- Serotonin Antagonists/chemistry
- Serotonin Antagonists/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/chemical synthesis
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/chemistry
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/metabolism
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Synaptosomes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- L Matzen
- CNS Departments, Preclinical Pharmaceutical Research, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64271 Darmstadt, Germany
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Mensonides-Harsema MM, Liao Y, Böttcher H, Bartoszyk GD, Greiner HE, Harting J, de Boer P, Wikström HV. Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo functional studies of ortho-substituted phenylpiperazine and N-substituted 4-N-(o-methoxyphenyl)aminopiperidine analogues of WAY100635. J Med Chem 2000; 43:432-9. [PMID: 10669570 DOI: 10.1021/jm991088y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
WAY100635 (2), N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohe xanecarboxamide, is a silent serotonin 5-HT(1A) antagonist, which is now widely used to study the 5-HT(1A) receptor both in vivo and in vitro. In this paper, we describe the synthesis and in vitro (5-HT(1A) affinity and pA(2) values at guinea pig ileum strips) and in vivo (hypothermia and ultrasonic vocalization) pharmacology at the serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptor of several closely related analogues of 2. Test compounds 12 and 14, in which the arylpiperazine moiety of 2 has been replaced by an arylaminopiperidine moiety, showed no affinity or antagonistic activity at the 5-HT(1A) receptor. Substitution of the o-methoxy group of 2 by larger fluoroalkoxy or sulfonyloxy substituents did not alter the in vitro or in vivo pharmacology to any great extent; in vivo both the fluoropropyl analogue 5 and the triflate analogue 7 are equipotent to WAY100635 itself. The O-desmethyl analogue 3 proved to be the most potent antagonist at the serotonin 5-HT(1A) postsynaptic receptor sites in this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Mensonides-Harsema
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, NL-9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Liao Y, Böttcher H, Harting J, Greiner H, van Amsterdam C, Cremers T, Sundell S, März J, Rautenberg W, Wikström H. New selective and potent 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonists: chemistry and pharmacological evaluation of N-piperazinylphenyl biphenylcarboxamides and biphenylsulfonamides. J Med Chem 2000; 43:517-25. [PMID: 10669578 DOI: 10.1021/jm990397l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of new analogues of N-[4-methoxy-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl] 2'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-carboxamide (1; GR127935) as potent and selective 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonists were synthesized and evaluated pharmacologically. Their receptor binding profiles were comparable to that of 1. The 1,3,4-oxadiazole isomer 2 and the 4'-aminocarbonyl and 4'-amidinyl analogues (9 and 10) of 1 had higher affinities at the rat 5-HT(1B) receptor (IC(50) = 0.93, 1. 3, and 0.5 nM, respectively) and calf 5-HT(1D) receptor (IC(50) = 37, 10, and 3 nM, respectively) than did 1 (1.6 and 52 nM for rat 5-HT(1B) and calf 5-HT(1D) receptors, respectively). In the functional in vitro testing of 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonistic properties, 2, 9, 10, 11b (O-demethylated derivative of 2), 13a (O-methylsulfonyl analogue of 2), and 16 (which differs from 2 with a sulfonamide linker) showed more pronounced effects in the K(+)-induced 5-HT release in the cortex of guinea pig than did 1 and 3 (SB224289). Compounds 2, 9, and 10 were equally potent as 1 in rabbit saphenous vein model (pA(2) > 9). A biochemical study of 2 with in vivo microdialysis in the rat brain showed that it is capable of augmenting citalopram (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, SSRI) induced 5-HT release in rat ventral hippocampus, while preventing the decrease in acetylcholine release elicited by citalopram administration. The molecular structure of 2 was determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The log P and log D values of these compounds were calculated. This study contributes to the SAR study of N-piperazinylphenyl biphenylcarboxamides as selective and potent 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonists.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylcholine/metabolism
- Animals
- Biphenyl Compounds/chemical synthesis
- Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry
- Biphenyl Compounds/metabolism
- Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology
- Cattle
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Guinea Pigs
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Microdialysis
- Molecular Structure
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Piperazines/chemical synthesis
- Piperazines/chemistry
- Piperazines/metabolism
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Rabbits
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1D
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Saphenous Vein/drug effects
- Saphenous Vein/physiology
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/chemical synthesis
- Serotonin Antagonists/chemistry
- Serotonin Antagonists/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Sulfonamides/chemical synthesis
- Sulfonamides/chemistry
- Sulfonamides/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, NL-9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- J Goliás
- Mendel Universität für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Brünn, Institut für Nacherntetechnologie von Gartenbauprodukten, Lednice na Moravé, Tschechische Republik
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46
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Abstract
Granulomatous disorders like sarcoidosis or Crohn's disease are commonly associated with extrapulmonary or extraintestinal manifestations which occasionally may represent the only symptoms. We describe a 28-year-old female patient suffering from atypical erythema nodosum and arthritis. Although the chest x-ray was unremarkable bronchoalveolar lavage revealed lymphocytic alveolitis with an elevated CD4/CD8 ratio of 8 and 11.4 at repeated examinations suggesting a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Further diagnostic workup included endoscopy of the bowel. The macroscopic aspect and histology of the terminal small bowel and colon ascendens indicated Crohn's disease. The patient recovered on steroids and sulfasalazine. Six months later she developed a perianal abscess for which she needed surgery supporting the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. This is the first case of a significantly (>6) elevated CD4/CD8 ratio in Crohn's disease previously regarded as highly specific for sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bewig
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.
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47
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Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion molecules, such as intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and its ligands, are involved in inflammatory processes of the lung. For ICAM-1, differential expression during different kinds of complications after transplantation has been proposed. We analyzed the role of ICAM-1, CD18, CD11a, CD11b, and CD11c during episodes of rejection or infection in patients after lung transplantation and compared the results to episodes without apparent complication. A total of 98 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples and 90 serum samples were analyzed. ICAM-1, CD18, CD11a, CD11b, and CD11c expressions were detected immunocytochemically on alveolar macrophages. Soluble ICAM-1 was quantified in serum and BAL. In the control group, 49.8 +/- 18% of macrophages stained positive for CD11b. During rejection, the mean of cells showing CD11b on the surface was significantly higher (64.6 +/-11.4%) with no difference compared to episodes of infection (59.7 +/-22.7). All other epitopes were not expressed differently with regard to a normal clinical course or episodes of infection and rejections. In summary, assessment of ICAM-1 and corresponding ligands did not allow for a reliable discrimination between episodes of rejection or infection in lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bewig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
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48
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49
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Abstract
The release of biocides (benzoic, sorbic and boric acids) incorporated into modified silica films was investigated with respect to composite structure. The liberation rates of the embedded acids are proportional to the biocide-to-silica ratio and are changed by adding soluble polymers such as hydroxypropylcellulose. The rates of liberation correlate with biocidal activity, i.e., the growth of microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus plantarum and Penicillium sp. is strongly suppressed by contact with such composite films. In a similar way, strong fungicide and insecticide effects were observed after impregnating wood with composites containing boric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Böttcher
- Feinchemie GmbH Sebnitz, Höhenweg 9, D-01855, Sebnitz, Germany
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50
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Liao Y, Venhuis BJ, Rodenhuis N, Timmerman W, Wikström H, Meier E, Bartoszyk GD, Böttcher H, Seyfried CA, Sundell S. New (sulfonyloxy)piperazinyldibenzazepines as potential atypical antipsychotics: chemistry and pharmacological evaluation. J Med Chem 1999; 42:2235-44. [PMID: 10377229 DOI: 10.1021/jm991005d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2- or 8-trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy (TfO) and 2- or 8-methylsulfonyloxy (MsO) 11-piperazinyldibenzodiazepines, -oxazepines, and -thiazepines were synthesized and evaluated in pharmacological models for their potential clozapine-like properties. In receptor binding assays, the 2-TfO analogues (18a, GMC2-83; 24, GMC3-06; and previously reported GMC1-169, 9a) of the dibenzazepines have profiles comparable to that of clozapine, acting on a variety of CNS receptors except they lack M1 receptor affinity. Introduction of 2-TfO to clozapine leads to compound 9e (GMC61-39) which has a similar binding profile as that of clozapine including having M1 receptor affinity. Interestingly, the MsO analogues, as well as the 8-TfO analogues, have no or weak dopaminergic and serotonergic affinities, but all 8-sulfonyloxy analogues do have M1 affinities. In behavioral studies performed to indicate the potential antipsychotic efficacy and the propensity to induce EPS, 2-TfO analogues blocked effectively the apomorphine-induced climbing in mice in a dose-dependent manner with ED50 values (mg/kg) of 2.1 sc for 9a, 1.3 po for 18a, 2.6 sc for 24, and 8.2 sc for 9e. On the other hand, they showed a clear dose separation with regard to their ED50 values (mg/kg) for indicating catalepsy in rats (>44 sc for 9a, 28 po for 18a, 30 sc for 24, and >50 sc for 9e, respectively), thus implicating a more favorable therapeutic ratio (K/A, ED50 climbing/ED50 catalepsy) in comparison with typical neuroleptics such as haloperidol and isoclozapine. Furthermore, compound 18a was also demonstrated to be an orally potent DA antagonist with an ED50 value of 0.7 mg/kg po in the ex vivo L-DOPA accumulation model. The present study contributes to the SAR of 11-piperazinyldibenzazepines, and the 2-TfO analogues of 11-piperazinyldibenzazepines are promising candidates as clozapine-like atypical antipsychotics with low propensity to induce EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liao
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Göteborg, Box 440, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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