1
|
Hoffmann L, Ehmsen ML, Hansen J, Hansen R, Knap MM, Mortensen HR, Poulsen PR, Ravkilde T, Rose HK, Schmidt HH, Worm ES, Møller DS. Repeated deep-inspiration breath-hold CT scans at planning underestimate the actual motion between breath-holds at treatment for lung cancer and lymphoma patients. Radiother Oncol 2023; 188:109887. [PMID: 37659663 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE Deep-inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) during radiotherapy may reduce dose to the lungs and heart compared to treatment in free breathing. However, intra-fractional target shifts between several breath-holds may decrease target coverage. We compared target shifts between four DIBHs at the planning-CT session with those measured on CBCT-scans obtained pre- and post-DIBH treatments. MATERIAL/METHODS Twenty-nine lung cancer and nine lymphoma patients were treated in DIBH. An external gating block was used as surrogate for the DIBH-level with a window of 2 mm. Four DIBH CT-scans were acquired: one for planning (CTDIBH3) and three additional (CTDIBH1,2,4) to assess the intra-DIBH target shifts at scanning by registration to CTDIBH3. During treatment, pre-treatment (CBCTpre) and post-treatment (CBCTpost) scans were acquired. For each pair of CBCTpre/post, the target intra-DIBH shift was determined. For lung cancer, tumour (GTV-Tlung) and lymph nodes (GTV-Nlung) were analysed separately. Group mean (GM), systematic and random errors, and GM for the absolute maximum shifts (GMmax) were calculated for the shifts between CTDIBH1,2,3,4 and between CBCTpre/post. RESULTS For GTV-Tlung, GMmax was larger at CBCT than CT in all directions. GMmax in cranio-caudal direction was 3.3 mm (CT)and 6.1 mm (CBCT). The standard deviations of the shifts in the left-right and cranio-caudal directions were larger at CBCT than CT. For GTV-Nlung and CTVlymphoma, no difference was found in GMmax or SD. CONCLUSION Intra-DIBH shifts at planning-CT session are generally smaller than intra-DIBH shifts observed at CBCTpre/post and therefore underestimate the intra-fractional DIBH uncertainty during treatment. Lung tumours show larger intra-fractional variations than lymph nodes and lymphoma targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lone Hoffmann
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - M L Ehmsen
- Danish Center for Proton Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J Hansen
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - R Hansen
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M M Knap
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - H R Mortensen
- Danish Center for Proton Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - P R Poulsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Center for Proton Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T Ravkilde
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - H K Rose
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - H H Schmidt
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - E S Worm
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - D S Møller
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reissig TM, Tzianopoulos I, Liffers ST, Rosery VK, Guyot M, Ting S, Wiesweg M, Kasper S, Meister P, Herold T, Schmidt HH, Schumacher B, Albers D, Markus P, Treckmann J, Schuler M, Schildhaus HU, Siveke JT. Smaller panel, similar results: genomic profiling and molecularly informed therapy in pancreatic cancer. ESMO Open 2023; 8:101539. [PMID: 37148593 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis. One reason is resistance to cytotoxic drugs. Molecularly matched therapies might overcome this resistance but the best approach to identify those patients who may benefit is unknown. Therefore, we sought to evaluate a molecularly guided treatment approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcome and mutational status of patients with pancreatic cancer who received molecular profiling at the West German Cancer Center Essen from 2016 to 2021. We carried out a 47-gene DNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel. Furthermore, we assessed microsatellite instability-high/deficient mismatch repair (MSI-H/dMMR) status and, sequentially and only in case of KRAS wild-type, gene fusions via RNA-based NGS. Patient data and treatment were retrieved from the electronic medical records. RESULTS Of 190 included patients, 171 had pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (90%). One hundred and three patients had stage IV pancreatic cancer at diagnosis (54%). MMR analysis in 94 patients (94/190, 49.5%) identified 3 patients with dMMR (3/94, 3.2%). Notably, we identified 32 patients with KRAS wild-type status (16.8%). To identify driver alterations in these patients, we conducted an RNA-based fusion assay on 13 assessable samples and identified 5 potentially actionable fusions (5/13, 38.5%). Overall, we identified 34 patients with potentially actionable alterations (34/190, 17.9%). Of these 34 patients, 10 patients (10/34, 29.4%) finally received at least one molecularly targeted treatment and 4 patients had an exceptional response (>9 months on treatment). CONCLUSIONS Here, we show that a small-sized gene panel can suffice to identify relevant therapeutic options for pancreatic cancer patients. Informally comparing with previous large-scale studies, this approach yields a similar detection rate of actionable targets. We propose molecular sequencing of pancreatic cancer as standard of care to identify KRAS wild-type and rare molecular subsets for targeted treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M Reissig
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - I Tzianopoulos
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S-T Liffers
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - V K Rosery
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Guyot
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Oncology und Hematology, Diabetology and Rheumatology, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany
| | - S Ting
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Wiesweg
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S Kasper
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P Meister
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hepatology, and Transplant Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - T Herold
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - H H Schmidt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Transplant Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - B Schumacher
- Department of Gastroenterology, Visceral and Trauma Surgery, Elisabeth Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - D Albers
- Department of Gastroenterology, Visceral and Trauma Surgery, Elisabeth Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P Markus
- Department of General, Visceral and Trauma Surgery, Elisabeth Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J Treckmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hepatology, and Transplant Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Schuler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - H-U Schildhaus
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J T Siveke
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hüsing-Kabar A, Meister T, Köhler M, Domschke W, Kabar I, Wilms C, Hild B, Schmidt HH, Heinzow HS. Is de novo hepatocellular carcinoma after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt increased? United European Gastroenterol J 2018; 6:413-421. [PMID: 29774155 PMCID: PMC5949971 DOI: 10.1177/2050640617732886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portal hypertension is a major complication of liver cirrhosis. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is effective in treatment of portal hypertension. However, decreased parenchymal portal venous flow after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion favours ischaemic liver injury which has been discussed to induce hepatocarcinogenesis causing hepatocellular cancer. AIM This study aimed to explore the association between transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement and the development of hepatocellular cancer. METHODS A total of 1338 consecutive liver cirrhosis patients were included in this retrospective study between January 2004-December 2015. Data were analysed with regard to development of hepatocellular cancer during follow-up. Binary logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were conducted for the assessment of risk factors for hepatocellular cancer development. In a second step, to rule out confounders of group heterogeneity, case-control matching was performed based on gender, age, model of end-stage liver disease score and underlying cause of cirrhosis (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease and viral hepatitis). RESULTS Besides established risk factors such as older age, male gender and underlying viral hepatitis, statistical analysis revealed the absence of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion as a risk factor for hepatocellular cancer development. Furthermore, matched-pair analysis of 432 patients showed a significant difference (p = 0.003) in the emergence of hepatocellular cancer regarding transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement versus the non-transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt cohort. CONCLUSION In patients with end-stage liver disease, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion is significantly associated with reduced rates of hepatocellular cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Hüsing-Kabar
- Department of Transplant Medicine, University Hospital
Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - T Meister
- Department of Gastroenterology, HELIOS
Albert-Schweitzer-Hospital Northeim, Northeim, Germany
| | - M Köhler
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital
Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - W Domschke
- Department of Medicine B, University Hospital
Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - I Kabar
- Department of Transplant Medicine, University Hospital
Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - C Wilms
- Department of Transplant Medicine, University Hospital
Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - B Hild
- Department of Transplant Medicine, University Hospital
Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - HH Schmidt
- Department of Transplant Medicine, University Hospital
Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - HS Heinzow
- Department of Transplant Medicine, University Hospital
Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schlevogt B, Rehkämper J, Hild B, Schmidt HH. Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic: Fulminant liver failure from diffuse leukemoid hepatic infiltration of melanoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:1795. [PMID: 29024015 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Schlevogt
- Department for Transplant Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - J Rehkämper
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - B Hild
- Department for Transplant Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - H H Schmidt
- Department for Transplant Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Casas AI, Langhauser F, Dao VTV, Guney E, Kleikers PWM, López MG, Menche J, Barabási AL, Kleinschnitz C, Schmidt HHHW. A systems biology approach to cGMP suggests a prominent role for sGC in stroke: Validation by mechanism-based activation of apo-sGC in non-steal dosing coveys neuroprotection and increased survival. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2015. [PMCID: PMC4565525 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-16-s1-a39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
|
6
|
Kleikers PWM, Hooijmans C, Göb E, Langhauser F, Rewell SSJ, Radermacher K, Ritskes-Hoitinga M, Howells DW, Kleinschnitz C, HHW Schmidt H. A combined pre-clinical meta-analysis and randomized confirmatory trial approach to improve data validity for therapeutic target validation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13428. [PMID: 26310318 PMCID: PMC4550831 DOI: 10.1038/srep13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research suffers from a dramatically poor translational success. For example, in ischemic stroke, a condition with a high medical need, over a thousand experimental drug targets were unsuccessful. Here, we adopt methods from clinical research for a late-stage pre-clinical meta-analysis (MA) and randomized confirmatory trial (pRCT) approach. A profound body of literature suggests NOX2 to be a major therapeutic target in stroke. Systematic review and MA of all available NOX2(-/y) studies revealed a positive publication bias and lack of statistical power to detect a relevant reduction in infarct size. A fully powered multi-center pRCT rejects NOX2 as a target to improve neurofunctional outcomes or achieve a translationally relevant infarct size reduction. Thus stringent statistical thresholds, reporting negative data and a MA-pRCT approach can ensure biomedical data validity and overcome risks of bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela WM. Kleikers
- Department of Pharmacology, CARIM, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn Hooijmans
- SYRCLE at Central Animal Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Göb
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik der Universitätsklinik Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Langhauser
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik der Universitätsklinik Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah SJ. Rewell
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Radermacher
- Department of Pharmacology, CARIM, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga
- SYRCLE at Central Animal Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David W. Howells
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Harald HHW Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology, CARIM, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Armitage ME, La M, Schmidt HHHW, Wingler K. Diagnosis and individual treatment of cardiovascular diseases: targeting vascular oxidative stress. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 3:639-48. [DOI: 10.1586/ecp.10.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
8
|
Langhauser F, Hauck A, Radermacher K, Stasch JP, Kleinschnitz C, Schmidt HHHW. Increases survival by apo-sGC activation via post-stroke blood brain barrier stabilisation and anti-inflammation. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2013. [PMCID: PMC3765608 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-14-s1-p36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
9
|
Kabar I, Cicinnati VR, Beckebaum S, Cordesmeyer S, Avsar Y, Reinecke H, Schmidt HH. Use of paclitaxel-eluting balloons for endotherapy of anastomotic strictures following liver transplantation. Endoscopy 2012. [PMID: 23188664 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1325795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biliary anastomotic strictures after liver transplantation are a major source of morbidity and graft failure; however, repeated endoscopic therapy has shown variable long-term success rates. Thus the aim of this prospective case series was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of using paclitaxel-eluting balloons in 13 patients requiring treatment for symptomatic anastomotic strictures following liver transplantation. Sustained clinical success-defined as no need for further endoscopic intervention for at least 6 months - was achieved in 12 /13 patients (92 %). One, two, and three interventions were required in 9 (69 %), 1, and 2 patients, respectively (mean number of sessions was 1.46). Mean (± SD) bilirubin level dropped from 6.8 (± 4.1) mg/dL to 1.4 (± 0.9) mg/dL. These promising results justify carrying out a randomized comparative trial to confirm this innovative approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Kabar
- Department of Transplant Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sarrazin C, Berg T, Ross RS, Schirmacher P, Wedemeyer H, Neumann U, Schmidt HH, Spengler U, Wirth S, Kessler HH, Peck-Radosavljevic M, Ferenci P, Vogel W, Moradpour D, Heim M, Cornberg M, Protzer U, Manns MP, Fleig WE, Dollinger MM, Zeuzem S. [Prophylaxis, diagnosis and therapy of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection: the German guidelines on the management of HCV infection]. Z Gastroenterol 2010; 48:289-351. [PMID: 20119896 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1110008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Sarrazin
- Medizinische Klinik I, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jones ES, Kemp-Harper BK, Stasch JP, Schmidt HHHW, Widdop RE. Cardioprotective effects in aged spontaneously hypertensive rats due to chronic stimulation/activation of sGC without hypotension. BMC Pharmacol 2009. [PMCID: PMC3313340 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-9-s1-p29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
12
|
Meurer S, Pioch S, Pabst T, Opitz N, Schmidt PM, Beckhaus T, Wagner K, Matt S, Gegenbauer K, Geschka S, Karas M, Stasch JP, Schmidt HHHW, Müller-Esterl W. Nitric oxide-independent vasodilator rescues heme-oxidized soluble guanylate cyclase from proteosomal degradation. BMC Pharmacol 2009. [PMCID: PMC3313362 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-9-s1-p49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
13
|
Fiedler T, Büning C, Reuter W, Pitre G, Gentz E, Schmidt HH, Büttner J, Ockenga J, Gerloff T, Meisel C, Lochs H, Roots I, Köpke K, Johne A. Possible role of MDR1 two-locus genotypes for young-age onset ulcerative colitis but not Crohn's disease. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 63:917-25. [PMID: 17665184 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-007-0334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on positions 2677G>T/A and 3435C>T of the multi-drug-resistance gene 1 (MDR1) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear. AIMS To further elucidate the potential impact of MDR1 two-locus genotypes on susceptibility to IBD and disease behaviour. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred eighty-eight German IBD patients [244 with Crohn's disease (CD), 144 with ulcerative colitis (UC)] and 1,005 German healthy controls were genotyped for the two MDR1 SNPs on positions 2677G>T/A and 3435C>T. Genotype-phenotype analysis was performed with respect to disease susceptibility stratified by age at diagnosis as well as disease localisation and behaviour. RESULTS Genotype distribution did not differ between all UC or CD patients and controls. Between UC and CD patients, however, we observed a trend of different distribution of the combined genotypes derived from SNPs 2677 and 3435 (chi(2) = 15.997, df = 8, p = 0.054). In subgroup analysis, genotype frequencies between UC patients with early onset of disease and controls showed significant difference for combined positions 2677 and 3435 (chi(2) = 16.054, df = 8, p = 0.034 for age at diagnosis >or=25, lower quartile). Herein the rare genotype 2677GG/3435TT was more frequently observed (odds ratio = 7.0, 95% confidence interval 2.5 - 19.7). In this group severe course of disease behaviour depended on the combined MDR1 SNPs (chi(2) = 16.101, df = 6, p = 0.017 for age at diagnosis >or=25). No association of MDR1 genotypes with disease subgroups in CD was observed. CONCLUSIONS While overall genotype distribution did not differ, combined MDR1 genotypes derived from positions 2677 and 3435 are possibly associated with young age onset of UC and severe course of disease in this patient group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Fiedler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rothkegel C, Schmidt PM, Atkins DJ, Stoll F, Schröder H, Schmidt HHHW, Stasch JP. Insights into activation and dimerization of soluble guanylate cyclase. BMC Pharmacol 2007. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-7-s1-s36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
15
|
Meurer S, Pabst T, Pioch S, Opitz N, Schmidt PM, Wagner K, Matt S, Schmidt HHHW, Müller-Esterl W. Oxidative stress induces CHIP-mediated ubiquitination and roteasomal degradation of soluble guanylyl cyclase. BMC Pharmacol 2007. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-7-s1-s34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
16
|
Spuler S, Kalbhenn T, Zabojszcza J, van Landeghem FKH, Ludtke A, Wenzel K, Koehnlein M, Schuelke M, Lüdemann L, Schmidt HH. Muscle and nerve pathology in Dunnigan familial partial lipodystrophy. Neurology 2007; 68:677-83. [PMID: 17325275 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000255939.73424.f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize muscle and nerve pathology in Dunnigan familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD). METHODS We used conventional histology, immunohistochemistry, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, gene sequencing, and clinical studies of 13 patients with neuromuscular involvement. RESULTS The clinical findings consisted of muscle hypertrophy (12/13), severe myalgias (9/13), and multiple nerve entrapment syndromes (8/13). Skeletal muscle histology demonstrated marked Type 1 and 2 muscle fiber hypertrophy and nonspecific myopathic changes, whereas numerous paranodal myelin swellings (tomacula) were found in sural nerve biopsies. We found that myostatin mRNA expression was reduced in patients with FPLD vs controls. We sequenced the myostatin gene in our subjects, but found no mutations. We then investigated whether or not SMAD, the intracellular mediator of myostatin signaling, might be impaired in patients with FPLD. We found that in FPLD muscle, a large number of SMAD molecules adhered to the nuclear membrane and were not found within the nucleus, compared with normal muscle or muscle from a patient with a non-FPLD lamin A/C disease. CONCLUSION The myopathy and neuropathy associated with Dunnigan familial partial lipodystrophy are distinct from other lamin A/C disorders. We hypothesize that the lipodystrophy-associated mutation interferes with SMAD signaling, linking this type of lipodystrophy to the phenotypically similar myostatin deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Spuler
- Muscle Research Group, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of the Charité, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Rothkegel C, Schmidt PM, HS AK, Stoll F, Lapp H, Wunder F, Schröder H, Rinke M, Schmidt HHHW, Stasch JP. Beyond NO and heme: biochemical and pharmacological opportunities. BMC Pharmacol 2005. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-5-s1-s18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
19
|
Nedvetskaya TY, Nedvetsky PI, Sonar SS, Müller H, Sickmann A, Schmidt PM, Kronich P, Stasch JP, Schmidt HHHW. Formation of quasi-covalent sGC α1/β1-heterodimers by ODQ-induced oxidation of the prosthetic heme moiety. BMC Pharmacol 2005. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-5-s1-p40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
20
|
Kirsch M, Weissmann N, Kemp-Harper B, Grimminger F, Schmidt HHHW. The phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, sildenafil, further augments the compensatory upregulation of NO-cGMP signalling in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. BMC Pharmacol 2005. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-5-s1-p26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
21
|
Schmidt HH. MYST3/CREBBP (MOZ/CBP) andCREBBP/MYST3 (CBP/MOZ) transcripts in AML with t(8;16)(p11;p13). Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2005; 42:207-8; author reply 209. [PMID: 15540217 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
22
|
Schmidt HH, Strehl S, Thaler D, Strunk D, Sill H, Linkesch W, Jäger U, Sperr W, Greinix HT, König M, Emberger W, Haas OA. RT-PCR and FISH analysis of acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;16)(p11;p13) and chimeric MOZ and CBP transcripts: breakpoint cluster region and clinical implications. Leukemia 2004; 18:1115-21. [PMID: 15085163 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The translocation t(8;16)(p11;p13) is associated with acute myeloid leukemia displaying monocytic differentiation (AML FAB M4/5) and fuses the MOZ (also named MYST3) gene (8p11) with the CBP (also named CREBBP) gene (16p13). Detection of the chimeric RNA fusions has proven difficult; only three studies have described successful amplification of the chimeric MOZ-CBP and CBP-MOZ fusions by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We analyzed four cases of AML M4/5 with t(8;16)(p11;p13) by RT-PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and characterized the reciprocal RNA fusions from three cases. We cloned both genomic translocation breakpoints from one case by long-range PCR and successfully applied RT-PCR to monitor minimal residual disease (MRD) between clinical complete remission and relapse. In three cases, the genomic breakpoints occurred in MOZ intron 16 and CBP intron 2. In one case, no fusion transcript was detected. The available data suggest clustering of t(8;16)(p11;p13) breakpoints in these introns leading to reciprocal in-frame MOZ exon 16/CBP exon 3 and in-frame CBP exon 2/MOZ exon 17 chimeric transcripts in the majority of cases. The described RT-PCR strategy may be valuable both for the routine detection of the t(8;16)(p11;p13) as well as for monitoring of MRD in this prognostically unfavorable patient group.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acetyltransferases/genetics
- Acute Disease
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- CREB-Binding Protein
- Cell Differentiation
- Chimera
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Female
- Histone Acetyltransferases
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Introns
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Monocytes/pathology
- Neoplasm, Residual/genetics
- Neoplasm, Residual/pathology
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Prognosis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H H Schmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, University Medical Center, Graz, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schmidt HH, Pirc-Danoewinata H, Linkesch W, Strunk D, Wieser R. inv(3)(q21q26) in AML/MDS: Monitoring of the malignant clone with interphase FISH. Haematologica 2003; 88:ECR38. [PMID: 14688011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Chromosome Inversion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/ultrastructure
- Clone Cells/ultrastructure
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Disease Progression
- Fatal Outcome
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Interphase
- Leukemia, Myeloid/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/diagnosis
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Transplantation, Homologous
Collapse
|
24
|
Cichon G, Boeckh-Herwig S, Kuemin D, Hoffmann C, Schmidt HH, Wehnes E, Haensch W, Schneider U, Eckhardt U, Burger R, Pring-Akerblom P. Titer determination of Ad5 in blood: a cautionary note. Gene Ther 2003; 10:1012-7. [PMID: 12776158 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adenoviruses are presently the most efficient in vivo gene transfer system available. Targeting single organs or large tumors by adenoviral vectors requires an intravascular route of application. During the first pass of viral particles through the vascular bed of the target tissue, virus uptake is not quantitative and indefinite amounts of particles leak into circulation. To determine the amount of leaking particles and to calculate organ-specific uptake (in-/outflow ratio), it is necessary to titrate virus particles directly in blood. In preclinical and clinical trials titration is currently mostly done with blood plasma instead of full blood. However, this technique provides valid results only as long as there is no affinity between adenovirus particles and erythrocytes. In this study we demonstrate that Ad5 particles, as mostly employed for gene therapy, have a strong affinity to human erythrocytes. At 60 min after coincubation of human erythrocytes and Ad5 particles, more than 98% of the particles are attached to the surface of erythrocytes. Therefore, ignoring the amount of red cell bound particles by performing titration in plasma leads to severe miscalculation of organ-specific transfer rates or virus circulation half-life. The biological impact of an increased affinity between virus particles and erythrocytes will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Cichon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-University Berlin at the Max Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schmidt HH, Behrens G, Genschel J, Stoll M, Dejam A, Haas R, Manns MP, Schmidt RE. Lipid evaluation in HIV-1-positive patients treated with protease inhibitors. Antivir Ther 2003; 4:163-70. [PMID: 12731756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors (PIs) can induce hyperlipidaemia. To evaluate the frequency and type of hyperlipidaemia in PI-treated patients, 98 outpatients were prospectively analysed for their lipoprotein characteristics at the Medizinische Hochschule in Hannover, Germany. Fifty-seven percent of the patients studied presented with hyperlipidaemia. Both hypertrigylceridaemia (type IV and V hyperlipoproteinaemia, 33%) and hypercholesterolaemia (type IIa hyperlipoproteinaemia, 6%) were detectable. The remaining 18% had a type IIb hyperlipoproteinaemia. Increased lipid levels were highly statistically significant compared to a control group of PI-naive HIV-1-infected patients [low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 146 mg/dl (range, 53-274 mg/dl) versus 105 mg/dl (range, 22-188 mg/dl; P=0.0006); very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) 35.5 mg/dl (5-253 mg/dl) versus 18 mg/dl (range, 3-94 mg/dl; P=0.0002)]. All PIs used (saquinavir, indinavir, nelfinavir and ritonavir) were associated with this variable form of hyperlipidaemia according to the Fredrickson classification. There was no significant correlation of any determined lipid value with the duration of treatment. A higher frequency of the apolipoprotein E2 allele and E4 allele was observed in the hyperlipidaemic subjects. Patients with excessive hypertriglyceridaemia showed a reduced lipoprotein lipase activity. Lipodystrophy was observed especially in hyperlipidaemic patients and to a lesser extent in normolipidaemic subjects. The frequency of hyperlipidaemic risk factors was surprisingly high in the group studied, which in turn may explain the proposed increased risk of atherogenesis in HIV-1 PI-treated patients. Therefore, PI-treated subjects should also be evaluated for their lipoprotein pattern, which may require antihyperlipidaemic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H H Schmidt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, D-30623 Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Several low molecular weight compounds are capable of activating soluble guanylyl cyclase. Recent evidence suggests that some of these are formed under physiological conditions: the nitric oxide radical, carbon monoxide and the hydroxyl radical. Thus, multiple signal transduction pathways appear to exist that form a family of guanylyl cyclase activating factors and thereby regulate the intracellular cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H H Schmidt
- Northwestern University Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Chicago, IL 60611
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kotsonis P, Fröhlich LG, Raman CS, Li H, Berg M, Gerwig R, Groehn V, Kang Y, Al-Masoudi N, Taghavi-Moghadam S, Mohr D, Münch U, Schnabel J, Martásek P, Masters BS, Strobel H, Poulos T, Matter H, Pfleiderer W, Schmidt HH. Structural basis for pterin antagonism in nitric-oxide synthase. Development of novel 4-oxo-pteridine antagonists of (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:49133-41. [PMID: 11590164 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m011469200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological nitric oxide (NO) generation in sepsis, inflammation, and stroke may be therapeutically controlled by inhibiting NO synthases (NOS). Here we targeted the (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-l-biopterin (H(4)Bip)-binding site of NOS, which, upon cofactor binding, maximally increases enzyme activity and NO production from substrate l-arginine. The first generation of H(4)Bip-based NOS inhibitors employed a 4-amino pharmacophore of H(4)Bip analogous to antifolates such as methotrexate. We developed a novel series of 4-oxo-pteridine derivatives that were screened for inhibition against neuronal NOS (NOS-I) and a structure-activity relationship was determined. To understand the structural basis for pterin antagonism, selected derivatives were docked into the NOS pterin binding cavity. Using a reduced 4-oxo-pteridine scaffold, derivatives with certain modifications such as electron-rich aromatic phenyl or benzoyl groups at the 5- and 6-positions, were discovered to markedly inhibit NOS-I, possibly due to hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions with Phe(462) and Ser(104), respectively, within the pterin binding pocket. One of the most effective 4-oxo compounds and, for comparisons an active 4-amino derivative, were then co-crystallized with the endothelial NOS (NOS-III) oxygenase domain and this structure solved to confirm the hypothetical binding modes. Collectively, these findings suggest (i) that, unlike the antifolate principle, the 4-amino substituent is not essential for developing pterin-based NOS inhibitors and (ii), provide a steric and electrostatic basis for their rational design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Kotsonis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius-Maximilians University, Versbacher Strasse 9, Würzburg 97078, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vruwink M, Schmidt HH, Weinberg RJ, Burette A. Substance P and nitric oxide signaling in cerebral cortex: anatomical evidence for reciprocal signaling between two classes of interneurons. J Comp Neurol 2001; 441:288-301. [PMID: 11745651 DOI: 10.1002/cne.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Parvalbumin-containing fast-spiking interneurons in the cerebral cortex exhibit widespread electrical coupling, as do somatostatin-containing low-threshold spiking interneurons. Besides the classical neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, these cortical interneurons may also release various neuropeptides including substance P (SP), as well as the freely diffusible messenger nitric oxide (NO). To investigate whether these two networks of interneurons might interact via these nonclassical messengers, we performed immunocytochemistry for SP and NO signaling pathways in rat somatic sensory cortex. SP was found in a subset of parvalbumin-positive cells concentrated in layers IV and V, whereas its receptor, NK1, was found in a subset of somatostatin-containing neurons (and also, at much lower levels, in a disjoint subset of parvalbumin-containing neurons). Only 4% of SP-containing axon terminals were apposed to NK1-positive dendrites, suggesting that in the cerebral cortex, SP may act predominantly as a paracrine neuromediator. Nitric oxide synthase-I (NOS-I), the synthetic enzyme for NO, was found almost exclusively in NK1-positive neurons; 95% of intensely somatostatin/NK1-positive neurons were also positive for NOS-I, and 94% of NOS-positive neurons were also positive for NK1. Immunoreactivity for soluble guanylyl cyclase (the NO receptor) was at high levels in the apical dendrites of layer V pyramidal neurons and in parvalbumin/SP-positive neurons. These data point to a novel reciprocal chemical interaction between two inhibitory networks in the rat neocortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Vruwink
- School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wingler K, Wünsch S, Kreutz R, Rothermund L, Paul M, Schmidt HH. Upregulation of the vascular NAD(P)H-oxidase isoforms Nox1 and Nox4 by the renin-angiotensin system in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 31:1456-64. [PMID: 11728818 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In different cardiovascular disease states, oxidative stress decreases the bioavailability of endothelial NO, resulting in endothelial dysfunction. An important molecular source of reactive oxygen species is the enzyme family of NAD(P)H oxidases (Nox). Here we provide evidence that the vascular Nox isoforms Nox1 and Nox4 appear to be involved in vascular oxidative stress in response to risk factors like angiotensin II (Ang II) in vitro as well as in vivo. Nox mRNA and protein levels were quantified by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Nox1 and Nox4 were expressed in the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) line A7r5 and aortas and kidneys of rats. Upon exposure of A7r5 cells to Ang II (1 microM, 4 h), Nox1 and Nox4 mRNA levels were increased 6-fold and 4-fold, respectively. Neither the vasoconstrictor endothelin 1 (up to 500 nM, 1-24 h) nor lipopolysaccharide (up to 100 ng/ml, 1-24 h) had any effect on Nox1 and Nox4 expression in these cells. Consistent with these observations made in vitro, aortas and kidneys of transgenic hypertensive rats overexpressing the Ren2 gene [TGR(mRen2)27] had significantly higher amounts of Nox1 and Nox4 mRNA and of Nox4 protein compared to tissues from normotensive wild-type animals. In conclusion, Nox4 and Nox1 are upregulated by the renin-angiotensin system. Increased superoxide production by upregulated vascular Nox isoforms may diminish the effectiveness of NO and thus contribute to the development of vascular diseases. Nox1 and Nox4 could be targeted therapeutically to reduce vascular reactive oxygen species production and thereby increase the bioavailability of NO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Wingler
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute for Pharmacology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Wieser R, Schreiner U, Pirc-Danoewinata H, Aytekin M, Schmidt HH, Rieder H, Fonatsch C. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization assay for the detection of 3q21 rearrangements in myeloid malignancies. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2001; 32:373-80. [PMID: 11746978 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In myeloid malignancies, chromosome rearrangements involving band 3q21 are associated with a particularly poor prognosis of the disease. Their sensitive and unequivocal detection is therefore of great clinical importance. In this report, we describe the establishment of an interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay that complements classical cytogenetic analysis in the diagnosis of such aberrations. PACs that map centromeric and telomeric of known 3q21 breakpoints were labeled with different fluorescent dyes, and the separation of the normally colocalizing signals was used as an indicator of the presence of a 3q21 rearrangement. Two cell lines and 10 primary samples from myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients with 3q21 rearrangements were investigated using the newly established method. The rate of false positivity was determined in 27 control samples from patients with various types of myeloid malignancies. In addition to providing a sensitive and rapid test for the detection of 3q21 aberrations, the interphase FISH assay yields preliminary information about the localization of individual breakpoints. Six of the 10 breakpoints in the patient samples map to an only recently described breakpoint cluster region (BCR) 60 kb centromeric of the originally reported 3q21 BCR. These findings may contribute to the understanding of the molecular basis of the clinical features associated with 3q21 rearrangements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Wieser
- Institut für Medizinische Biologie, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Ibarra C, Nedvetsky PI, Gerlach M, Riederer P, Schmidt HH. Regional and age-dependent expression of the nitric oxide receptor, soluble guanylyl cyclase, in the human brain. Brain Res 2001; 907:54-60. [PMID: 11430885 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized by neuronal NO synthase (NOS-I), plays essential physiological roles in the brain. The major molecular target for NO is soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), a heterodimeric hemoprotein composed of a larger alpha and a smaller beta subunit. Both subunits of sGC are needed to generate the second messenger cyclic GMP (cGMP). Here we show using subunit-specific antibodies and Western blot analysis that sGCalpha1 and sGCbeta1 protein subunits are present in all examined human brain regions. The relative distribution of the two subunits was similar and also correlated well with the known distribution of NOS-I. The highest expression levels of sGC were found in cortex, basal ganglia and the limbic system. These regions display the most prominent biochemical and histological changes during ageing. In cortex, a negative correlation between the amounts of sGC and age was found, while sex and post-mortem delay time did not affect sGC levels significantly. Our data suggest that sGCalpha1 and sGCbeta1 subunits are widely distributed in human brain, consistent with a major role in NO signaling. Moreover, the NO/cGMP pathway appears to be affected by ageing in the human brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ibarra
- Justus-Liebig-University, Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute for Pharmacology, Frankfurter Strasse 107, D-35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Genschel J, Schmidt HH. [HDL metabolism]. Z Gastroenterol 2001; 39:321-7. [PMID: 11367981 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipids and lipoproteins represent main risk factors for the development and the progress of atherosclerotic and cardiovascular diseases. Disorders in lipoprotein metabolism may result in diabetes mellitus, acute pancreatitis, and in the early occurrence of atherosclerotic alterations. The plasma concentration of high density lipoproteins (HDL) is inverse correlated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases as shown in epidemiologic studies. HDL play an important role in the reverse cholesterol transport. Free cholesterol from peripheral cells can be assembled in HDL particles, transformed to cholesterol esters, transported to the liver, and secreted via the bile as bile acids. The metabolism of HDL is not known in detail. Numerous factors were identified to influence the metabolism of HDL. Particularly the identification of the cholesterol efflux regulating protein adduced new insights in HDL metabolism. A detailed description of HDL metabolism is necessary for the evaluation of new therapeutic strategies for the regulation of the serum concentration of this important lipoprotein. Here we describe the known influencing factors for a better understanding of HDL metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Genschel
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Campus Charité Mitte.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pantke MM, Reif A, Valtschanoff JG, Shutenko Z, Frey A, Weinberg RJ, Pfleiderer W, Schmidt HH. Pterin interactions with distinct reductase activities of NO synthase. Biochem J 2001; 356:43-51. [PMID: 11336634 PMCID: PMC1221810 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3560043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Besides oxidizing L-arginine, neuronal NO synthase (NOS) NADPH-dependently reduces various electron acceptors, including cytochrome c and tetrazolium salts. The latter NADPH diaphorase reaction is used as a NOS-specific histochemical stain. Both reductase activities have been utilized to analyse electron transfer mechanisms within NOS. Basal L-arginine turnover by homodimeric NOS is enhanced by exogenous tetrahydrobiopterin, and the intra-subunit electron flow may include intermediate trihydrobiopterin. In the present work we have investigated the possible role of the tetrahydrobiopterin binding site of NOS in its reductase activities by examining the effects of anti-pterin type (PHS) NOS inhibitors. Although the type I anti-pterin, PHS-32, which does not affect basal dimeric NOS activity, also had no effect on either reductase activity, the type II anti-pterin, PHS-72, which inhibits basal NOS activity, inhibited both reductase activities and the NADPH diaphorase histochemical stain. Pterin-free NOS monomers catalysed both cytochrome c and tetrazolium salt reduction. Our data suggest that both NOS reductase activities are independent of tetrahydrobiopterin. However, occupation of an exosite near the pterin site in NOS by type II anti-pterins may interfere with the electron flow within the active centre, suggesting that steric perturbation of the pterin binding pocket or reductase interaction contribute to the mechanism of inhibition by this class of NOS inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Pantke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Schmidt HH, Genschel J, Baier P, Schmidt M, Ockenga J, Tietge UJ, Pröpsting M, Büttner C, Manns MP, Lochs H, Brabant G. Dyslipemia in familial partial lipodystrophy caused by an R482W mutation in the LMNA gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:2289-95. [PMID: 11344241 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.5.7500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipatrophic diabetes, also referred to as familial partial lipodystrophy, is a rare disease that is metabolically characterized by hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance. Affected patients typically present with regional loss of body fat and muscular hypertrophic appearance. Variable symptoms may comprise pancreatitis and/or eruptive xanthomas due to severe hypertriglyceridemia, acanthosis nigricans, polycystic ovaria, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Mutations within the LMNA gene on chromosome 1q21.2 were recently reported to result in the phenotype of familial partial lipodystrophy. The genetic trait is autosomal dominant. We identified a family with partial lipodystrophy carrying the R482W (Arg(482)Trp) missense mutation within LMNA. Here we present the lipoprotein characteristics in this family in detail. Clinically, the loss of sc fat and muscular hypertrophy especially of the lower extremities started as early as in childhood. Acanthosis and severe hypertriglyceridemia developed later in life, followed by diabetes. The characterization of the lipoprotein subfractions revealed that affected children present with hyperlipidemia. The presence and severity of hyperlipidemia seem to be influenced by age, apolipoprotein E genotype, and the coexistence of diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, dyslipemia is an early and prominent feature in the presented lipodystrophic family carrying the R482W mutation within LMNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H H Schmidt
- Charité Campus Mitte, Medizinische Klinik Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pirlich M, Lochs H, Schmidt HH. [Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver]. Z Gastroenterol 2001; 39:441-2. [PMID: 11413919 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Pirlich
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) convert L-arginine and N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine to nitric oxide (*NO) and/or nitroxyl (NO(-)) in a NADPH-dependent fashion. Subsequently, *NO/superoxide (O(2-)-derived peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) consumes one additional mol NADPH. The related stoichiometry of NO(-) and NADPH is unclear. We here describe that NO(-) also oxidizes NADPH in a concentration-dependent manner. In the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which also converts NO(-) to *NO, nitrite accumulation was almost doubled and no oxidation of NADPH was observed. Nitrate yield from NO(-) was low, arguing against intermediate ONOO(-) formation. Thus, biologically formed NO(-) may function as an effective pro-oxidant unless scavenged by SOD and affect the apparent NADPH stoichiometry of the NOS reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Reif
- Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Genschel J, Thomas HP, Kassner U, Lochs H, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Schmidt HH. Two novel LDL receptor mutations in familial hypercholesterolemia: C122Y and E296X. Hum Mutat 2001; 17:354. [PMID: 11295843 DOI: 10.1002/humu.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Genschel
- Campus Charité Mitte, Med. Klinik m.S. Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lüftjohann D, Sigit JI, Locatelli S, von Bergmann K, Schmidt HH. High-dose simvastin (80 mg/day) decreases plasma concentrations of total homocyst(e)ine in patients with hypercholesteromia. Atherosclerosis 2001; 155:265-6. [PMID: 11293393 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)00735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
41
|
Abstract
The diffusible messenger nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in auditory processing. It acts in the brain largely through activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), a heterodimer comprised of alpha and beta subunits. The authors used immunohistochemistry to study the NO/guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in the cochlear nucleus of Sprague-Dawley rats. Central fibers of the cochlear nerve were stained for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS-I) but not for sGCbeta. Within the ventral cochlear nucleus, a large fraction of principal cells were immunopositive for both NOS-I and sGCbeta; these cells could be seen at times receiving contacts from NOS-I-positive fibers. sGC staining of somatic cytoplasm extended into the distal dendritic tree. At variance with this pattern, NOS-I was concentrated mainly in somata. Double-labeling experiments showed that most of the principal neurons expressed both antigens. By contrast, in the granule cell domain, small cells that were immunopositive for NOS-I rarely corresponded to those that were immunopositive for sGC. To assess whether NOS-I and sGC immunoreactivities colocalize with their respective catalytic activities, the authors performed multiple labeling with L-citrulline (a by-product of the formation of NO from L-arginine) and cGMP, respectively. L-citrulline was restricted to NOS-I-positive elements, and the large majority of NOS-expressing neurons were positive for citrulline. Multiple labeling revealed that almost all sGC-positive neurons also accumulated cGMP both in the ventral cochlear nucleus and in the granule cell domain. These data suggest that NO is a signaling molecule in the cochlear nucleus, perhaps functioning in both a paracrine manner and an autocrine manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Burette
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Carolina, CB 7090, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Schlitt HJ, Barkmann A, Böker KH, Schmidt HH, Emmanouilidis N, Rosenau J, Bahr MJ, Tusch G, Manns MP, Nashan B, Klempnauer J. Replacement of calcineurin inhibitors with mycophenolate mofetil in liver-transplant patients with renal dysfunction: a randomised controlled study. Lancet 2001; 357:587-91. [PMID: 11558484 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal dysfunction is a major complication of long-term immunosuppressive therapy with calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) in liver-transplant recipients. We undertook a randomised study to assess the safety and efficacy of CNI withdrawal and replacement by mycophenolate mofetil. METHODS 28 people who had had renal dysfunction attributable to suspected CNI toxicity after liver transplantation participated in the study. We replaced CNI with mycophenolate mofetil in a stepwise pattern in half the group (study patients); the other half (controls) stayed on CNI immunosuppression. Renal function, blood pressure, uric acid, and blood lipids were measured before and 6 months after study entry. Side-effects of medication and graft function were recorded throughout the study. FINDINGS At the end of the study, mean (SD) serum creatinine had fallen by 44.4 (48.7) micromol/L in study patients compared with 3.1 (14.3) micromol/L in controls; a mean difference of 41.3 micromol/L (95% CI 12.4-70.2). Moreover, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and serum uric acid decreased significantly in the study group but not in the control group (mean [95% CI] between group differences 10.8 mm Hg [3.0-18.6], 5.0 mm Hg [0.9-9.2], and 83.1 micromol/L [12.7-153.6], respectively). There were no changes in cholesterol or triglyceride concentrations in either group. Side-effects were reported by eight of the study patients. Three reversible episodes of acute graft rejection occurred in study patients during mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy, whereas none occurred in the control group. INTERPRETATION Substitution of CNI by mycophenolate mofetil can improve renal function, blood pressure, and uric acid concentration of liver-transplant patients, but there is an increased rejection risk with mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Schlitt
- Klinik für Viszeral und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
Cichon G, Boeckh-Herwig S, Schmidt HH, Wehnes E, Müller T, Pring-Akerblom P, Burger R. Complement activation by recombinant adenoviruses. Gene Ther 2001; 8:1794-800. [PMID: 11803399 PMCID: PMC7091591 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2001] [Accepted: 10/29/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adenoviruses are currently the most important vector system in gene therapy. Adenoviruses frequently cause upper respiratory tract infections in humans and anti-adenoviral antibodies are found in 35-70% of the population. Therefore in the majority of potential patients receiving adenoviral gene therapy, the contact of virus particles and blood will lead to the formation of antigen-antibody complexes. These complexes have the ability to induce inflammatory reactions via an activation of the complement system. We have determined the level of C3a (the most reactive complement component) generated in isolated citrate plasma of healthy individuals after challenge with recombinant and wild-type adenoviruses in amounts corresponding to virus blood levels to be expected in patients during adenoviral gene therapy. All plasma samples containing anti-adenoviral antibodies showed a substantial, dose-dependent generation of C3a. A virus plasma level of about 7.5 x 10(9) particles/ml (which was calculated to be the highest blood level reached during clinical trials in the past) induced an average release of about 3000 ng/ml C3a (baseline levels <140 ng/ml). Analyzing the nature of anti-adenoviral antibodies showed, that not only antibodies with neutralizing properties (anti-Ad5), but also non-neutralizing anti-adenoviral antibodies are capable of complement activation. This study suggests that complement activation can be ignored in local low-dose applications of recombinant adenoviruses, but warrants attention after systemic application of large viral quantities. In clinical protocols aiming at systemic virus application, measures for monitoring and controlling the complement system should be included on a regular basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Cichon
- Institute for Biology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Humboldt-University Berlin at the Max Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pröpsting MJ, Kubicka S, Genschel J, Manns MP, Lochs H, Schmidt HH. Inhibition of transthyretin-met30 expression using Inosine(15.1)-Hammerhead ribozymes in cell culture. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 279:970-3. [PMID: 11162459 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.4048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary amyloidosis is primarily caused by mutations within the transthyretin gene. More than 75 mutations within transthyretin have been reported in causing amyloidosis. The most common mutation is the val30met mutation in the transthyretin protein (TTR-met30) caused by a mononucleic substitution from G to A (GUC to AUC) in the transthyretin gene resulting in the exchange for the amino acids valine to methionine in the corresponding protein sequence. The aim of this work is the development of a specific cleavage of TTR-met30 mRNA in the cell culture system using hammerhead ribozymes. We showed previously that chemically modified nuclease stable Inosine(15.1)-Hammerhead ribozymes are able to target the TTR-met30 mRNA with high specificity on the RNA level (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 260, 313-317, 1999). Now we present data confirming our observations on the cellular level. We used the wild-type human normal (hn) TTR expressing cell line HepG2 and the stable transfected cell line 293-TTR-met30 for TTR-met30 experiments. We cleaved the TTR-met30 and hnTTR mRNA with specific nuclease stable chemically modified Inosine(15.1)-Hammerhead ribozymes and analyzed the protein after immunoprecipitation and subsequent Western blotting. We were able to downregulate the TTR concentration by 54.5% (100% = 1.5 mg/l TTR) and also specifically to target the TTR-met30 expression in the cell culture system. The therapeutic effect was improved using cationic liposomes resulting in a total downregulation by 92.1 and 62.7% targeting hnTTR mRNA and TTR-met30 mRNA, respectively. The successful employment of Inosine(15.1)-Hammerhead ribozymes in cell culture is therefore a promising tool for the development of a gene therapeutic strategy for hereditary amyloidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Pröpsting
- Medizinische Klinik, Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Very recently, mutations within the LMNA gene on chromosome 1q21.2 were shown to result in forms of muscular dystrophy, conduction-system disease, cardiomyopathy, and partial lipodystrophy. The LMNA gene encodes for the nucleophilic A-type lamins, lamin A and lamin C. These isoforms are generated by different splicing within exon 10 of LMNA. Thus lamin A/C is, besides emerin, the first known nucleophilic protein which plays a role in human disease. To date, 41 different mutations, predominantly missense, in the LMNA gene are known causing variable phenotypes. Twenty-three different mutations of LMNA have so far been shown to cause autosomal-dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD2), three mutations were reported to cause limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD1B), eight mutations are known to result in dilated cardiomyopathy (CMD1A), and seven mutations were reported to cause familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL). The reports of lamin mutations including the corresponding phenotype are of great interest in order to gain insights into the function of lamin A/C. Here we summarize the mutations published to date in LMNA encoding lamin A/C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Genschel
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ott M, Schmidt HH, Cichon G, Manns MP. Emerging therapies in hepatology: liver-directed gene transfer and hepatocyte transplantation. Cells Tissues Organs 2000; 167:81-7. [PMID: 10971032 DOI: 10.1159/000016771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene transfer and epithelial cell transplantation technologies play an important role in the development of new therapeutic concepts for liver diseases. Although liver organ transplantation has revolutionized the treatment of a wide spectrum of acute and chronic liver diseases, gene- and cell-based therapies are emerging at an astonishing pace, because they promise to be less invasive, less costly and at least as effective as currently established therapy protocols. Experimental gene therapy models have been developed for a wide spectrum of liver diseases, including hereditary liver disorders, malignant liver disease and viral hepatitis. Hepatocyte transplantation (HcTx) is being explored as treatment of severe chronic and acute liver failure as well as for hereditary liver diseases. Most of these procedures and techniques are still experimental or have been applied to a small number of patients only. Rigorous clinical evaluation will finally demonstrate the usefulness of each new procedure in the daily clinical care of patients with liver disease. In this review, we have attempted to provide an introduction and survey of the topics of gene therapy and HcTx with specific examples of laboratory and clinical achievements highlighting potential applications in liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Genschel J, Baier P, Kuepferling S, Proepsting MJ, Buettner C, Ewert R, Hetzer R, Lochs H, Schmidt HH. A new frameshift mutation at codon 466 (1397delA) within the LMNA gene. Hum Mutat 2000; 16:278. [PMID: 10980552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Genschel
- Campus Charite Mitte, Med. Klinik m.S. Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Genschel J, Sommer G, Haas R, Buettner C, Bochow B, Manns M, Lochs H, Schmidt HH. Three novel mutations, c314C>A, C778insC, and c1285+2T>A, in exon 2 of the Wilson disease gene. Hum Mutat 2000; 16:278. [PMID: 10980554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Genschel
- Campus Charité Mitte, Med. Klinik m.S. Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Schumannstr. 20-21, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Affiliation(s)
- G M Behrens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|