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Graff MM, Belli HM, Wieskotten S, Bresee CS, Krüger Y, Janssen TL, Dehnhardt G, Hartmann MJZ. Spatial arrangement of the whiskers of harbor seals ( Phoca vitulina ) compared to whisker arrangements of mice ( Mus musculus ) and rats ( Rattus norvegicus ). bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.15.575743. [PMID: 38293081 PMCID: PMC10827100 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.15.575743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Most mammals have specialized facial hairs known as vibrissae (whiskers), sensitive tactile structures that subserve both touch and flow sensing. Different animals have different numbers and geometric arrangements of whiskers, and it seems nearly self-evident that these differences would correlate with functional and behavioral use. To date, however, cross-species comparisons of three-dimensional (3D) whisker array geometry have been limited because standard morphometric techniques cannot be applied. Our laboratory recently developed a novel approach to enable quantitative, cross-species vibrissal array comparisons. Here we quantify the 3D morphology of the vibrissal array of the harbor seal ( Phoca vitulina ), construct a CAD model of the array, and compare array morphologies of harbor seals, mice ( Mus musculus ) and rats ( Rattus norvegicus ). In all three species whisker arclength decreases from caudal to rostral, whisker curvature increases from caudal to rostral, and whiskers emerge from the face in smooth orientation gradients. Two aspects of whisker orientation are strikingly consistent across species: the elevation angle is constant within a row, and the twist of the whisker about its own axis varies smoothly in a diagonal gradient across the array. We suggest that invariant whisker elevation within a row may aid localization behaviors, while variable twist-orientation may help the animal sense stimulus direction. We anticipate this work will serve as a starting point for quantitative comparisons of vibrissal arrays across species, help clarify the mechanical basis by which seal vibrissae enable efficient wake detection and following, and enable the creation of whole-body biomechanical models for neuroscience and robotics.
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Kottkamp AC, Samanovic MI, Duerr R, Oom AL, Belli HM, Zucker JR, Rosen JB, Mulligan MJ. Antibody Titers against Mpox Virus after Vaccination. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:2299-2301. [PMID: 38091537 PMCID: PMC10754300 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2306239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ralf Duerr
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Aaron L Oom
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Jane R Zucker
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY
| | - Jennifer B Rosen
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY
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Bresee CS, Belli HM, Luo Y, Hartmann MJZ. Comparative morphology of the whiskers and faces of mice (Mus musculus) and rats (Rattus norvegicus). J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245597. [PMID: 37577985 PMCID: PMC10617617 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding neural function requires quantification of the sensory signals that an animal's brain evolved to interpret. These signals in turn depend on the morphology and mechanics of the animal's sensory structures. Although the house mouse (Mus musculus) is one of the most common model species used in neuroscience, the spatial arrangement of its facial sensors has not yet been quantified. To address this gap, the present study quantifies the facial morphology of the mouse, with a particular focus on the geometry of its vibrissae (whiskers). The study develops equations that establish relationships between the three-dimensional (3D) locations of whisker basepoints, whisker geometry (arclength, curvature) and the 3D angles at which the whiskers emerge from the face. Additionally, the positions of facial sensory organs are quantified relative to bregma-lambda. Comparisons with the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) indicate that when normalized for head size, the whiskers of these two species have similar spacing density. The rostral-caudal distances between facial landmarks of the rat are a factor of ∼2.0 greater than the mouse, while the scale of bilateral distances is larger and more variable. We interpret these data to suggest that the larger size of rats compared with mice is a derived (apomorphic) trait. As rodents are increasingly important models in behavioral neuroscience, the morphological model developed here will help researchers generate naturalistic, multimodal patterns of stimulation for neurophysiological experiments and allow the generation of synthetic datasets and simulations to close the loop between brain, body and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris S. Bresee
- Northwestern University Institute for Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208,USA
| | - Hayley M. Belli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yifu Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208,USA
| | - Mitra J. Z. Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208,USA
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Blecker S, Schoenthaler A, Martinez TR, Belli HM, Zhao Y, Wong C, Fitchett C, Bearnot HR, Mann D. Leveraging Electronic Health Record Technology and Team Care to Address Medication Adherence: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e47930. [PMID: 37418304 PMCID: PMC10362494 DOI: 10.2196/47930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low medication adherence is a common cause of high blood pressure but is often unrecognized in clinical practice. Electronic data linkages between electronic health records (EHRs) and pharmacies offer the opportunity to identify low medication adherence, which can be used for interventions at the point of care. We developed a multicomponent intervention that uses linked EHR and pharmacy data to automatically identify patients with elevated blood pressure and low medication adherence. The intervention then combines team-based care with EHR-based workflows to address medication nonadherence. OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe the design of the Leveraging EHR Technology and Team Care to Address Medication Adherence (TEAMLET) trial, which tests the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention that leverages EHR-based data and team-based care on medication adherence among patients with hypertension. METHODS TEAMLET is a pragmatic, cluster randomized controlled trial in which 10 primary care practices will be randomized 1:1 to the multicomponent intervention or usual care. We will include all patients with hypertension and low medication adherence who are seen at enrolled practices. The primary outcome is medication adherence, as measured by the proportion of days covered, and the secondary outcome is clinic systolic blood pressure. We will also assess intervention implementation, including adoption, acceptability, fidelity, cost, and sustainability. RESULTS As of May 2023, we have randomized 10 primary care practices into the study, with 5 practices assigned to each arm of the trial. The enrollment for the study commenced on October 5, 2022, and the trial is currently ongoing. We anticipate patient recruitment to go through the fall of 2023 and the primary outcomes to be assessed in the fall of 2024. CONCLUSIONS The TEAMLET trial will evaluate the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention that leverages EHR-based data and team-based care on medication adherence. If successful, the intervention could offer a scalable approach to address inadequate blood pressure control among millions of patients with hypertension. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05349422; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05349422. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/47930.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul Blecker
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Antoinette Schoenthaler
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tiffany Rose Martinez
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hayley M Belli
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yunan Zhao
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christina Wong
- Medical Center Information Technology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cassidy Fitchett
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Harris R Bearnot
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Devin Mann
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Medical Center Information Technology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
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Kaizer AM, Belli HM, Ma Z, Nicklawsky AG, Roberts SC, Wild J, Wogu AF, Xiao M, Sabo RT. Recent innovations in adaptive trial designs: A review of design opportunities in translational research. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e125. [PMID: 37313381 PMCID: PMC10260347 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials are constantly evolving in the context of increasingly complex research questions and potentially limited resources. In this review article, we discuss the emergence of "adaptive" clinical trials that allow for the preplanned modification of an ongoing clinical trial based on the accumulating evidence with application across translational research. These modifications may include terminating a trial before completion due to futility or efficacy, re-estimating the needed sample size to ensure adequate power, enriching the target population enrolled in the study, selecting across multiple treatment arms, revising allocation ratios used for randomization, or selecting the most appropriate endpoint. Emerging topics related to borrowing information from historic or supplemental data sources, sequential multiple assignment randomized trials (SMART), master protocol and seamless designs, and phase I dose-finding studies are also presented. Each design element includes a brief overview with an accompanying case study to illustrate the design method in practice. We close with brief discussions relating to the statistical considerations for these contemporary designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Kaizer
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hayley M. Belli
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhongyang Ma
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew G. Nicklawsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Samantha C. Roberts
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jessica Wild
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Adane F. Wogu
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mengli Xiao
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Roy T. Sabo
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Belli HM, Troxel AB, Blecker SB, Anderman J, Wong C, Martinez TR, Mann DM. A Behavioral Economics-Electronic Health Record Module to Promote Appropriate Diabetes Management in Older Adults: Protocol for a Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e28723. [PMID: 34704959 PMCID: PMC8581753 DOI: 10.2196/28723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The integration of behavioral economics (BE) principles and electronic health records (EHRs) using clinical decision support (CDS) tools is a novel approach to improving health outcomes. Meanwhile, the American Geriatrics Society has created the Choosing Wisely (CW) initiative to promote less aggressive glycemic targets and reduction in pharmacologic therapy in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To date, few studies have shown the effectiveness of combined BE and EHR approaches for managing chronic conditions, and none have addressed guideline-driven deprescribing specifically in type 2 diabetes. We previously conducted a pilot study aimed at promoting appropriate CW guideline adherence using BE nudges and EHRs embedded within CDS tools at 5 clinics within the New York University Langone Health (NYULH) system. The BE-EHR module intervention was tested for usability, adoption, and early effectiveness. Preliminary results suggested a modest improvement of 5.1% in CW compliance. Objective This paper presents the protocol for a study that will investigate the effectiveness of a BE-EHR module intervention that leverages BE nudges with EHR technology and CDS tools to reduce overtreatment of type 2 diabetes in adults aged 76 years and older, per the CW guideline. Methods A pragmatic, investigator-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the BE-EHR module. A total of 66 NYULH clinics will be randomized 1:1 to receive for 18 months either (1) a 6-component BE-EHR module intervention + standard care within the NYULH EHR, or (2) standard care only. The intervention will be administered to clinicians during any patient encounter (eg, in person, telemedicine, medication refill, etc). The primary outcome will be patient-level CW compliance. Secondary outcomes will measure the frequency of intervention component firings within the NYULH EHR, and provider utilization and interaction with the BE-EHR module components. Results Study recruitment commenced on December 7, 2020, with the activation of all 6 BE-EHR components in the NYULH EHR. Conclusions This study will test the effectiveness of a previously developed, iteratively refined, user-tested, and pilot-tested BE-EHR module aimed at providing appropriate diabetes care to elderly adults, compared to usual care via a cluster randomized controlled trial. This innovative research will be the first pragmatic randomized controlled trial to use BE principles embedded within the EHR and delivered using CDS tools to specifically promote CW guideline adherence in type 2 diabetes. The study will also collect valuable information on clinician workflow and interaction with the BE-EHR module, guiding future research in optimizing the timely delivery of BE nudges within CDS tools. This work will address the effectiveness of BE-inspired interventions in diabetes and chronic disease management. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04181307; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04181307 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/28723
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley M Belli
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andrea B Troxel
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Saul B Blecker
- Division of Healthcare Delivery Science, Department of Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Judd Anderman
- Medical Center Information Technology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christina Wong
- Medical Center Information Technology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tiffany R Martinez
- Division of Healthcare Delivery Science, Department of Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Devin M Mann
- Division of Healthcare Delivery Science, Department of Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,Medical Center Information Technology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
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7
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Fiori KP, Lauria ME, Singer AW, Jones HE, Belli HM, Aylward PT, Agoro S, Gbeleou S, Sowu E, Grunitzky-Bekele M, Singham Goodwin A, Morrison M, Ekouevi DK, Hirschhorn LR. An Integrated Primary Care Initiative for Child Health in Northern Togo. Pediatrics 2021; 148:peds.2020-035493. [PMID: 34452981 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-035493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if the Integrated Community-Based Health Systems-Strengthening (ICBHSS) initiative was effective in expanding health coverage, improving care quality, and reducing child mortality in Togo. METHODS Population-representative cross-sectional household surveys adapted from the Demographic Household Survey and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys were conducted at baseline (2015) and then annually (2016-2020) in 4 ICBHSS catchment sites in Kara, Togo. The primary outcome was under-5 mortality, with health service coverage and health-seeking behavior as secondary outcomes. Costing analyses were calculated by using "top-down" methodology with audited financial statements and programmatic data. RESULTS There were 10 022 household surveys completed from 2015 to 2020. At baseline (2015), under-5 mortality was 51.1 per 1000 live births (95% confidence interval [CI]: 35.5-66.8), and at the study end period (2020), under-5 mortality was 35.8 (95% CI: 23.4-48.2). From 2015 to 2020, home-based treatment by a community health worker increased from 24.1% (95% CI: 21.9%-26.4%) to 45.7% (95% CI: 43.3%-48.2%), and respondents reporting prenatal care in the first trimester likewise increased (37.5% to 50.1%). Among respondents who sought care for a child with fever, presenting for care within 1 day increased from 51.9% (95% CI: 47.1%-56.6%) in 2015 to 80.3% (95% CI: 74.6%-85.0%) in 2020. The estimated annual additional intervention cost was $8.84 per person. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the ICBHSS initiative, a bundle of evidence-based interventions implemented with a community-based strategy, improves care access and quality and was associated with reduction in child mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Fiori
- Departments of Pediatrics .,Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Community Health Systems Laboratory, Integrate Health/Santé Intégrée, New York, New York/Kara, Togo
| | - Molly E Lauria
- Community Health Systems Laboratory, Integrate Health/Santé Intégrée, New York, New York/Kara, Togo
| | - Amanda W Singer
- Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Community Health Systems Laboratory, Integrate Health/Santé Intégrée, New York, New York/Kara, Togo
| | - Heidi E Jones
- City University of New York, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, New York, New York
| | - Hayley M Belli
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Patrick T Aylward
- Community Health Systems Laboratory, Integrate Health/Santé Intégrée, New York, New York/Kara, Togo
| | - Sibabe Agoro
- Kara Regional Health Department, Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene, Kara, Togo
| | - Sesso Gbeleou
- Community Health Systems Laboratory, Integrate Health/Santé Intégrée, New York, New York/Kara, Togo
| | - Etonam Sowu
- Community Health Systems Laboratory, Integrate Health/Santé Intégrée, New York, New York/Kara, Togo
| | | | - Alicia Singham Goodwin
- Community Health Systems Laboratory, Integrate Health/Santé Intégrée, New York, New York/Kara, Togo.,Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Melissa Morrison
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Didier K Ekouevi
- Department of Public Health, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.,African Research Center in Epidemiology and Public Health, Lomé, Togo
| | - Lisa R Hirschhorn
- Community Health Systems Laboratory, Integrate Health/Santé Intégrée, New York, New York/Kara, Togo.,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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8
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Williams N, Tutrow H, Pina P, Belli HM, Ogedegbe G, Schoenthaler A. Assessment of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to COVID-19 Vaccination Sites in Brooklyn, New York. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2113937. [PMID: 34143195 PMCID: PMC8214153 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Williams
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Haleigh Tutrow
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Paulo Pina
- Family Health Centers at New York University Langone Health, New York
| | - Hayley M. Belli
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Gbenga Ogedegbe
- Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
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9
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Jones BE, Brown-Augsburger PL, Corbett KS, Westendorf K, Davies J, Cujec TP, Wiethoff CM, Blackbourne JL, Heinz BA, Foster D, Higgs RE, Balasubramaniam D, Wang L, Zhang Y, Yang ES, Bidshahri R, Kraft L, Hwang Y, Žentelis S, Jepson KR, Goya R, Smith MA, Collins DW, Hinshaw SJ, Tycho SA, Pellacani D, Xiang P, Muthuraman K, Sobhanifar S, Piper MH, Triana FJ, Hendle J, Pustilnik A, Adams AC, Berens SJ, Baric RS, Martinez DR, Cross RW, Geisbert TW, Borisevich V, Abiona O, Belli HM, de Vries M, Mohamed A, Dittmann M, Samanovic MI, Mulligan MJ, Goldsmith JA, Hsieh CL, Johnson NV, Wrapp D, McLellan JS, Barnhart BC, Graham BS, Mascola JR, Hansen CL, Falconer E. The neutralizing antibody, LY-CoV555, protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in nonhuman primates. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabf1906. [PMID: 33820835 PMCID: PMC8284311 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf1906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a public health threat for which preventive and therapeutic agents are urgently needed. Neutralizing antibodies are a key class of therapeutics that may bridge widespread vaccination campaigns and offer a treatment solution in populations less responsive to vaccination. Here, we report that high-throughput microfluidic screening of antigen-specific B cells led to the identification of LY-CoV555 (also known as bamlanivimab), a potent anti-spike neutralizing antibody from a hospitalized, convalescent patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Biochemical, structural, and functional characterization of LY-CoV555 revealed high-affinity binding to the receptor-binding domain, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 binding inhibition, and potent neutralizing activity. A pharmacokinetic study of LY-CoV555 conducted in cynomolgus monkeys demonstrated a mean half-life of 13 days and a clearance of 0.22 ml hour-1 kg-1, consistent with a typical human therapeutic antibody. In a rhesus macaque challenge model, prophylactic doses as low as 2.5 mg/kg reduced viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract in samples collected through study day 6 after viral inoculation. This antibody has entered clinical testing and is being evaluated across a spectrum of COVID-19 indications, including prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E Jones
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | | | - Kizzmekia S Corbett
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Julian Davies
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Thomas P Cujec
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | | | - Denisa Foster
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Lucas Kraft
- AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC V5Y0A1, Canada
| | - Yuri Hwang
- AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC V5Y0A1, Canada
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Goya
- AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC V5Y0A1, Canada
| | - Maia A Smith
- AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC V5Y0A1, Canada
| | | | | | - Sean A Tycho
- AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC V5Y0A1, Canada
| | | | - Ping Xiang
- AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC V5Y0A1, Canada
| | | | | | - Marissa H Piper
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Franz J Triana
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jorg Hendle
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Anna Pustilnik
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Ralph S Baric
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David R Martinez
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Galveston National Laboratory and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Galveston National Laboratory and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Olubukola Abiona
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hayley M Belli
- Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Maren de Vries
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Adil Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Meike Dittmann
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marie I Samanovic
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jory A Goldsmith
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ching-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nicole V Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Daniel Wrapp
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carl L Hansen
- AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC V5Y0A1, Canada
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10
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Chapman CR, Belli HM, Leach D, Shah LD, Bateman-House A. A survey of pediatric hematologists/oncologists’ perspectives on single patient Expanded Access and Right to Try. Medicine Access @ Point of Care 2021; 5:23992026211005991. [PMID: 36204503 PMCID: PMC9413614 DOI: 10.1177/23992026211005991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Physicians in the United States play an essential role guiding patients
through single patient pre-approval access (PAA) to investigational medical
products via either the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s Expanded Access
(EA) or the federal Right To Try (RTT) pathways. In this study, we sought to
better understand pediatric hematologist/oncologists’ attitudes about
seeking PAA, on behalf of single patients, to investigational drugs outside
of clinical trials. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was developed and sent to pediatric
hematologist/oncologists via St. Baldrick’s Foundation’s email distribution
list. Results: Of 73 respondents (10.1% of those who received the survey), 56 met
eligibility criteria and are included in the analysis. Over 80%
(n = 46) had prior experience with single patient PAA.
Respondents were most concerned about the unknown risks and benefits of
investigational drugs and financial implications of PAA for patients. One
hundred percent and 91.1% of respondents indicated a willingness to support
patients through EA and RTT pathways, respectively. When asked about their
most recent experience with PAA, 40 out of 46 indicated that they used the
FDA’s EA pathway to seek PAA and 4 out of 46 indicated that they used the
RTT pathway. Of 44 respondents who had used the EA or RTT pathway, 43
indicated that the biotechnology or pharmaceutical company they solicited
granted access to the requested product. Conclusion: Survey results support other findings suggesting a need for additional
physician support and education about PAA and that physicians may have
unequal access to information about investigational drugs and concerns about
financial implications of PAA for their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Riley Chapman
- Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hayley M Belli
- Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danielle Leach
- St. Baldrick’s Foundation, Monrovia, CA, USA
- National Brain Tumor Society, Newton, MA, USA
| | - Lesha D Shah
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison Bateman-House
- Department of Population Health, Division of Medical Ethics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Lawrence K, Rodriguez DV, Feldthouse DM, Shelley D, Yu JL, Belli HM, Gonzalez J, Tasneem S, Fontaine J, Groom LL, Luu S, Wu Y, McTigue KM, Rockette-Wagner B, Mann DM. Effectiveness of an Integrated Engagement Support System to Facilitate Patient Use of Digital Diabetes Prevention Programs: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e26750. [PMID: 33560240 PMCID: PMC7902197 DOI: 10.2196/26750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Digital diabetes prevention programs (dDPPs) are effective behavior change tools to prevent disease progression in patients at risk for diabetes. At present, these programs are poorly integrated into existing health information technology infrastructure and clinical workflows, resulting in barriers to provider-level knowledge of, interaction with, and support of patients who use dDPPs. Tools that can facilitate patient-provider interaction around dDPPs may contribute to improved patient engagement and adherence to these programs and improved health outcomes. Objective This study aims to use a rigorous, user-centered design (UCD) methodology to develop a theory-driven system that supports patient engagement with dDPPs and their primary care providers with their care. Methods This study will be conducted in 3 phases. In phase 1, we will use systematic UCD, Agile software development, and qualitative research methods to identify key user (patients, providers, clinical staff, digital health technologists, and content experts) requirements, constraints, and prioritization of high-impact features to design, develop, and refine a viable intervention prototype for the engagement system. In phase 2, we will conduct a single-arm feasibility pilot of the engagement system among patients with prediabetes and their primary care providers. In phase 3, we will conduct a 2-arm randomized controlled trial using the engagement system. Primary outcomes will be weight, BMI, and A1c at 6 and 12 months. Secondary outcomes will be patient engagement (use and activity) in the dDPP. The mediator variables (self-efficacy, digital health literacy, and patient-provider relationship) will be measured. Results The project was initiated in 2018 and funded in September 2019. Enrollment and data collection for phase 1 began in September 2019 under an Institutional Review Board quality improvement waiver granted in July 2019. As of December 2020, 27 patients have been enrolled and first results are expected to be submitted for publication in early 2021. The study received Institutional Review Board approval for phases 2 and 3 in December 2020, and phase 2 enrollment is expected to begin in early 2021. Conclusions Our findings will provide guidance for the design and development of technology to integrate dDPP platforms into existing clinical workflows. This will facilitate patient engagement in digital behavior change interventions and provider engagement in patients’ use of dDPPs. Integrated clinical tools that can facilitate patient-provider interaction around dDPPs may contribute to improved patient adherence to these programs and improved health outcomes by addressing barriers faced by both patients and providers. Further evaluation with pilot testing and a clinical trial will assess the effectiveness and implementation of these tools. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04049500; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04049500 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/26750
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Lawrence
- Healthcare Innovation Bridging Research, Informatics, and Design Lab, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Danissa V Rodriguez
- Healthcare Innovation Bridging Research, Informatics, and Design Lab, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dawn M Feldthouse
- Clinical Systems & Clinical Transformation, Medical Center Information Technology Clinical Informatics Department, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Donna Shelley
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan L Yu
- Healthcare Innovation Bridging Research, Informatics, and Design Lab, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hayley M Belli
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Javier Gonzalez
- Healthcare Innovation Bridging Research, Informatics, and Design Lab, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sumaiya Tasneem
- Healthcare Innovation Bridging Research, Informatics, and Design Lab, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jerlisa Fontaine
- Healthcare Innovation Bridging Research, Informatics, and Design Lab, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lisa L Groom
- NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY, United States
| | - Son Luu
- Healthcare Innovation Bridging Research, Informatics, and Design Lab, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yinxiang Wu
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kathleen M McTigue
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bonny Rockette-Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Devin M Mann
- Healthcare Innovation Bridging Research, Informatics, and Design Lab, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
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12
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Belli HM, Chokshi SK, Hegde R, Troxel AB, Blecker S, Testa PA, Anderman J, Wong C, Mann DM. Implementation of a Behavioral Economics Electronic Health Record (BE-EHR) Module to Reduce Overtreatment of Diabetes in Older Adults. J Gen Intern Med 2020; 35:3254-3261. [PMID: 32885374 PMCID: PMC7661670 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensive glycemic control is of unclear benefit and carries increased risk for older adults with diabetes. The American Geriatrics Society's (AGS) Choosing Wisely (CW) guideline promotes less aggressive glycemic targets and reduction in pharmacologic therapy for older adults with type II diabetes. Meanwhile, behavioral economic (BE) approaches offer promise in influencing hard-to-change behavior, and previous studies have shown the benefits of using electronic health record (EHR) technology to encourage guideline adherence. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop and pilot test an intervention that leverages BE with EHR technology to promote appropriate diabetes management in older adults. DESIGN A pilot study within the New York University Langone Health (NYULH) EHR and Epic system to deliver BE-inspired nudges at five NYULH clinics at varying time points from July 12, 2018, through October 31, 2019. PARTICIPANTS Clinicians across five practices in the NYULH system whose patients were older adults (age 76 and older) with type II diabetes. INTERVENTIONS A BE-EHR module comprising six nudges was developed through a series of design workshops, interviews, user-testing sessions, and clinic visits. BE principles utilized in the nudges include framing, social norming, accountable justification, defaults, affirmation, and gamification. MAIN MEASURES Patient-level CW compliance. KEY RESULTS CW compliance increased 5.1% from a 16-week interval at baseline to a 16-week interval post intervention. From February 14 to June 5, 2018 (prior to the first nudge launch in Vanguard clinics), CW compliance for 1278 patients was mean (95% CI)-16.1% (14.1%, 18.1%). From July 3 to October 22, 2019 (after BE-EHR module launch at all five clinics), CW compliance for 680 patients was 21.2% (18.1%, 24.3%). CONCLUSIONS The BE-EHR module shows promise for promoting the AGS CW guideline and improving diabetes management in older adults. A randomized controlled trial will commence to test the effectiveness of the intervention across 66 NYULH clinics. NIH TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER NCT03409523.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley M Belli
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sara K Chokshi
- Division of Healthcare Delivery Science, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Andrea B Troxel
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saul Blecker
- Division of Healthcare Delivery Science, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul A Testa
- Medical Center Information Technology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judd Anderman
- Medical Center Information Technology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina Wong
- Medical Center Information Technology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Devin M Mann
- Division of Healthcare Delivery Science, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Medical Center Information Technology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Jones BE, Brown-Augsburger PL, Corbett KS, Westendorf K, Davies J, Cujec TP, Wiethoff CM, Blackbourne JL, Heinz BA, Foster D, Higgs RE, Balasubramaniam D, Wang L, Bidshahri R, Kraft L, Hwang Y, Žentelis S, Jepson KR, Goya R, Smith MA, Collins DW, Hinshaw SJ, Tycho SA, Pellacani D, Xiang P, Muthuraman K, Sobhanifar S, Piper MH, Triana FJ, Hendle J, Pustilnik A, Adams AC, Berens SJ, Baric RS, Martinez DR, Cross RW, Geisbert TW, Borisevich V, Abiona O, Belli HM, de Vries M, Mohamed A, Dittmann M, Samanovic M, Mulligan MJ, Goldsmith JA, Hsieh CL, Johnson NV, Wrapp D, McLellan JS, Barnhart BC, Graham BS, Mascola JR, Hansen CL, Falconer E. LY-CoV555, a rapidly isolated potent neutralizing antibody, provides protection in a non-human primate model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 33024963 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.30.318972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 poses a public health threat for which therapeutic agents are urgently needed. Herein, we report that high-throughput microfluidic screening of antigen-specific B-cells led to the identification of LY-CoV555, a potent anti-spike neutralizing antibody from a convalescent COVID-19 patient. Biochemical, structural, and functional characterization revealed high-affinity binding to the receptor-binding domain, ACE2 binding inhibition, and potent neutralizing activity. In a rhesus macaque challenge model, prophylaxis doses as low as 2.5 mg/kg reduced viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract. These data demonstrate that high-throughput screening can lead to the identification of a potent antiviral antibody that protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection. One Sentence Summary LY-CoV555, an anti-spike antibody derived from a convalescent COVID-19 patient, potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and protects the upper and lower airways of non-human primates against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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14
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Ciolino JD, Palac HL, Yang A, Vaca M, Belli HM. Ideal vs. real: a systematic review on handling covariates in randomized controlled trials. BMC Med Res Methodol 2019; 19:136. [PMID: 31269898 PMCID: PMC6610785 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-019-0787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In theory, efficient design of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involves randomization algorithms that control baseline variable imbalance efficiently, and corresponding analysis involves pre-specified adjustment for baseline covariates. This review sought to explore techniques for handling potentially influential baseline variables in both the design and analysis phase of RCTs. METHODS We searched PubMed for articles indexed "randomized controlled trial", published in the NEJM, JAMA, BMJ, or Lancet for two time periods: 2009 and 2014 (before and after updated CONSORT guidelines). Upon screening (343), 298 articles underwent full review and data abstraction. RESULTS Typical articles reported on superiority (86%), multicenter (92%), two-armed (79%) trials; 81% of trials involved covariates in the allocation and 84% presented adjusted analysis results. The majority reported a stratified block method (69%) of allocation, and of the trials reporting adjusted analyses, 91% were pre-specified. Trials published in 2014 were more likely to report adjusted analyses (87% vs. 79%, p = 0.0100) and more likely to pre-specify adjustment in analyses (95% vs. 85%, p = 0.0045). Studies initiated in later years (2010 or later) were less likely to use an adaptive method of randomization (p = 0.0066; 7% of those beginning in 2010 or later vs. 31% of those starting before 2000) but more likely to report a pre-specified adjusted analysis (p = 0.0029; 97% for those initiated in 2010 or later vs. 69% of those started before 2000). CONCLUSION While optimal reporting procedures and pre-specification of adjusted analyses for RCTs tend to be progressively more prevalent over time, we see the opposite effect on reported use of covariate-adaptive randomization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody D Ciolino
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Collaboration Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611-4402, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Hayley M Belli
- Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Fiori KP, Belli HM, Lauria ME, Hirschhorn LR, Schechter J, Hansman E, Rajshekhar N, Katin V, Gbeleou S, Grunitsky-Bekele M, Pitche VP. Implementing an integrated community based health systems strengthening approach to improve HIV survival in Northern Togo. AIDS Care 2019; 32:705-713. [PMID: 31170827 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1626342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To disseminate lessons learned from the implementation experience of a public-private sector partnership, we describe a comprehensive HIV/AIDS program including 5-year survival outcomes for individuals who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment in Togo from 2010 to 2015. A retrospective case study analysis was conducted from a cohort of patients receiving ART at an HIV/AIDS care clinic in Kara Region, Togo. Kaplan-Meier curves with Log rank tests were used to compare estimated survival curves by demographic and clinical characteristics. Associations were described between survival probability and age, gender, World Health Organization (WHO) disease stage, and timing of ART initiation. Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine predictors of mortality. After approximately five-years since ART initiation (1780 days), there were 114 deaths, with a survival probability of 75.3% (95% CI: 70.3-80.6%). Participants with advanced WHO disease stage were more likely at risk of death relative to patients categorized as WHO Stage 1, with Stage 4 approximately 9 times more likely (aHR 9.22, 95% CI 4.29-19.84). Our study suggests that delivering comprehensive HIV care through a private-public partnership may serve as a model to expand and improve HIV/AIDS care as well as high quality primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Fiori
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Community Health Systems Lab, Integrate Health/Santé Intégrée, Kara, Togo and New York, NY, USA
| | - Hayley M Belli
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Molly E Lauria
- Community Health Systems Lab, Integrate Health/Santé Intégrée, Kara, Togo and New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa R Hirschhorn
- Community Health Systems Lab, Integrate Health/Santé Intégrée, Kara, Togo and New York, NY, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Emily Hansman
- Integrate Health/Santé Intégrée, Kara, Togo and New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Venance Katin
- Integrate Health/Santé Intégrée, Kara, Togo and New York, NY, USA.,Service de dermatologie et IST, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Kara, Kara, Togo
| | - Sesso Gbeleou
- Integrate Health/Santé Intégrée, Kara, Togo and New York, NY, USA
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16
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Yang AET, Belli HM, Hartmann MJZ. Quantification of vibrissal mechanical properties across the rat mystacial pad. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:1879-1895. [PMID: 30811257 PMCID: PMC6589704 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00869.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has quantified the geometric parameters of individual rat vibrissae (whiskers) and developed equations that describe how these parameters vary as a function of row and column position across the array. This characterization included a detailed quantification of whisker base diameter and arc length as well as the geometry of the whisker medulla. The present study now uses these equations for whisker geometry to quantify several properties of the whisker that govern its mechanical behavior. We first show that the average density of a whisker is lower in its proximal region than in its distal region. This density variation appears to be largely attributable to the presence of the whisker cuticle rather than the medulla. The density variation has very little effect on the center of mass of the whisker. We next show that the presence of the medulla decreases the deflection of the whisker under its own weight and also decreases its mass moment of inertia while sacrificing <1% stiffness at the whisker base compared with a solid whisker. Finally, we quantify two dimensionless parameters across the array. First, the deflection-to-length ratio decreases from caudal to rostral: caudal whiskers are longer but deflect more under their own weight. Second, the nondimensionalized radius of gyration is approximately constant across the array, which may simplify control of whisking by the intrinsic muscles. We anticipate that future work will exploit the mechanical properties computed in the present study to improve simulations of the mechanosensory signals associated with vibrissotactile exploratory behavior. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mechanical signals transmitted by a whisker depend critically on its geometry. We used measurements of whisker geometry and mass to quantify the center of mass, mass moment of inertia, radius of gyration, and deflection under gravity of the whisker. We describe how variations in these quantities across the array could enhance sensing behaviors while reducing energy costs and simplifying whisking control. Most importantly, we provide derivations for these quantities for use in future simulation work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne En-Tzu Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois
| | - Hayley M Belli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois
| | - Mitra J Z Hartmann
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois
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17
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Chokshi SK, Belli HM, Troxel AB, Blecker S, Blaum C, Testa P, Mann D. Designing for implementation: user-centered development and pilot testing of a behavioral economic-inspired electronic health record clinical decision support module. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2019; 5:28. [PMID: 30820339 PMCID: PMC6381676 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-019-0403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current guidelines recommend less aggressive target hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels based on older age and lower life expectancy for older adults with diabetes. The effectiveness of electronic health record (EHR) clinical decision support (CDS) in promoting guideline adherence is undermined by alert fatigue and poor workflow integration. Integrating behavioral economics (BE) and CDS tools is a novel approach to improving adherence to guidelines while minimizing clinician burden. Methods We will apply a systematic, user-centered design approach to incorporate BE “nudges” into a CDS module and will perform user testing in two “vanguard” sites. To accomplish this, we will conduct (1) semi-structured interviews with key informants (n = 8), (2) a 2-h, design-thinking workshop to derive and refine initial module ideas, and (3) semi-structured group interviews at each site with clinic leaders and clinicians to elicit feedback on three proposed nudge module components (navigator section, inbasket refill protocol, medication preference list). Detailed field notes will be summarized by module idea and usability theme for rapid iteration. Frequency of firing and user action taken will be assessed in the first month of implementation via EHR reporting to confirm that module components and related reporting are working as expected as well as assess utilization. To assess the utilization and feasibility of the new tools and generate estimates of clinician compliance with the Choosing Wisely guideline for diabetes management in older adults, a 6-month, single-arm pilot study of the BE-EHR module will be conducted in six outpatient primary care clinics. Discussion We hypothesize that a low burden, user-centered approach to design will yield a BE-driven, CDS module with relatively high utilization by clinicians. The resulting module will establish a platform for exploring the ability of BE concepts embedded within the EHR to affect guideline adherence for other use cases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40814-019-0403-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kuppin Chokshi
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 227 E. 30th St., 7th Fl, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Hayley M Belli
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 227 E. 30th St., 7th Fl, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Andrea B Troxel
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 227 E. 30th St., 7th Fl, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Saul Blecker
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 227 E. 30th St., 7th Fl, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Caroline Blaum
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 227 E. 30th St., 7th Fl, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Paul Testa
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 227 E. 30th St., 7th Fl, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Devin Mann
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 227 E. 30th St., 7th Fl, New York, NY 10016 USA
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18
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Belli HM, Yang AET, Bresee CS, Hartmann MJZ. Variations in vibrissal geometry across the rat mystacial pad: base diameter, medulla, and taper. J Neurophysiol 2016; 117:1807-1820. [PMID: 27881718 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00054.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many rodents tactually sense the world through active motions of their vibrissae (whiskers), which are regularly arranged in rows and columns (arcs) on the face. The present study quantifies several geometric parameters of rat whiskers that determine the tactile information acquired. Findings include the following. 1) A meta-analysis of seven studies shows that whisker base diameter varies with arc length with a surprisingly strong dependence on the whisker's row position within the array. 2) The length of the whisker medulla varies linearly with whisker length, and the medulla's base diameter varies linearly with whisker base diameter. 3) Two parameters are required to characterize whisker "taper": radius ratio (base radius divided by tip radius) and radius slope (the difference between base and tip radius, divided by arc length). A meta-analysis of five studies shows that radius ratio exhibits large variability due to variations in tip radius, while radius slope varies systematically across the array. 4) Within the resolution of the present study, radius slope does not differ between the proximal and distal segments of the whisker, where "proximal" is defined by the presence of the medulla. 5) Radius slope of the medulla is offset by a constant value from radius slope of the proximal portion of the whisker. We conclude with equations for all geometric parameters as functions of row and column position.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Rats tactually explore their world by brushing and tapping their whiskers against objects. Each whisker's geometry will have a large influence on its mechanics and thus on the tactile signals the rat obtains. We performed a meta-analysis of seven studies to generate equations that describe systematic variations in whisker geometry across the rat's face. We also quantified the geometry of the whisker medulla. A database provides access to geometric parameters of over 500 rat whiskers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley M Belli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Anne E T Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; and
| | - Chris S Bresee
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Mitra J Z Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; and
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