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Kaso AW, Mohammed E, Agero G, Churiso G, Kaso T, Ewune HA, Hailu A. Assessment of hospitalisation costs and their determinants among Covid-19 patients in South Central Ethiopia. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:948. [PMID: 37667355 PMCID: PMC10478187 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic is a global public health problem. The Covid-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on the economy of developing countries, including Ethiopia.This study aimed to determine the hospitalisation costs of Covid-19 and the factors associated with the high cost of hospitalisation in South Central Ethiopia. METHODS A retrospective cost analysis of Covid-19 patients hospitalised between July 2020 and July 2021 at Bokoji Hospital Covid-19 Treatment Centre was conducted using both the micro-costing and top-down approaches from the health system perspective. This analysis used cost data obtained from administrative reports, the financial reports of the treatment centre, procurement invoices and the Covid-19 standard treatment guidelines. The Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to test the difference between sociodemographic and clinical factors when appropriate.To identify the determinants of cost drivers in the study population, a generalised linear model with gamma distribution and log link with a stepwise algorithm were used. RESULTS A total of 692 Covid-19 patients were included in the costing analysis. In this study, the mean cost of Covid-19-infected patients with no symptoms was US$1,073.86, with mild symptoms US$1,100.74, with moderate symptoms US$1,394.74 and in severe-critically ill condition US$1,708.05.The overall mean cost was US$1,382.50(95% CI: 1,360.60-1,404.40) per treated episode.The highest mean cost was observed for personnel, accounting for 64.0% of the overall cost. Older age, pre-existing diseases, advanced disease severity at admission, admission to the intensive care unit, prolonged stay on treatment and intranasal oxygen support were strongly associated with higher costs. CONCLUSIONS This study found that the clinical management of Covid-19 patients incurred significant expenses to the health system. Factors such as older age, disease severity, presence of comorbidities, use of inhalation oxygen therapy and prolonged hospital stay were associated with higher hospitalisation costs.Therefore, the government should give priority to the elderly and those with comorbidities in the provision of vaccination to reduce the financial burden on health facilities and health systems in terms of resource utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdene Weya Kaso
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Assela, Ethiopia.
| | - Esmael Mohammed
- Bokoji Primary Hospital, Oromia Health Bureau, Bokoji, Ethiopia
| | - Gebi Agero
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Assela, Ethiopia
| | - Gemechu Churiso
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dila, Ethiopia
| | - Taha Kaso
- Department of Surgery, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Assela, Ethiopia
| | - Helen Ali Ewune
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dila, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Hailu
- Faculty of Health and Social Science, Section for Global Health and Rehabilitation, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Debela BG, Sisay D, Hareru HE, Ewune HA, Tesfa A, Shewaye DA, Ewunie TM. Food taboo practices and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4376. [PMID: 36927859 PMCID: PMC10020167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Food taboos have a negative impact on pregnant women and their fetuses by preventing them from consuming vital foods. Previous research found that pregnant women avoided certain foods during their pregnancy for a variety of reasons. This review aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of food taboo practices and associated factors in Ethiopia. In compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline, we searched the literature using PubMed/MEDLINE, AJOL (African Journal Online), HINARI, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Google electronic databases. The random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of food taboo and its determinants at a 95% confidence interval with their respective odds ratios. The pooled food taboo practice among Ethiopian pregnant women was 34.22% (95% CI 25.47-42.96), and after adjustment for publication bias with the trim-and-fill analysis, the pooled food taboo practice of pregnant women was changed to 21.31% (95% CI: 10.85-31.67%). Having less than a secondary education level (OR = 3.57; 95% CI 1.43-8.89), having no ANC follow-up (OR = 4.35; 95% CI 1.12-16.94), and being a rural resident (OR = 3.08; 95% CI 1.14-8.28) were the significant factors. Dairy products, some fruits, green leafy vegetables, meat, and honey are among the taboo foods. The most frequently stated reasons for this taboo practice were: fear of producing a big fetus, which is difficult during delivery; attachment to the fetus's body or head; and fear of fetal abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhanu Gidisa Debela
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
| | - Daniel Sisay
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Endashaw Hareru
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Helen Ali Ewune
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health and Medical Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Anene Tesfa
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Alayu Shewaye
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Temesgen Muche Ewunie
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health and Medical Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Ewune HA, Abebe RK, Sisay D, Tesfa GA. Prevalence of wasting and associated factors among children aged 2-5 years, southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:160. [PMID: 36585708 PMCID: PMC9805277 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wasting (acute malnutrition) is the most serious form of malnutrition for children in the near term. Malnutrition has a variety of causes, all of which are interconnected and hierarchically related. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of wasting and its associated determinants among children under the age of five in the Wonago district, Gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia. METHODS Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1 to 30, 2021 using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were entered using Epidata manager and STATA v.20 software was used for analysis. Descriptive statistics were reported to describe the study population. To identify associated factors of wasting, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were fitted. Variables having p-value < 0.05 were declared statistically significant predictors of wasting. RESULTS A total of 390 respondents participated with a response rate of 92.6%. The prevalence of wasting among children aged 2-5 years in Wonago district was 36.4% (95% CI: 31.76-41.32). Moderate household food insecurity (AOR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.14-0.83), history of recurrent illness (AOR = 0.15, 95%CI: 0.26-0.84), and duration of breastfeeding greater than 2 years (AOR = 0.15, 95%CI: 0.26-0.84) were significantly associated with wasting. CONCLUSION Almost one-third of the children were wasted. Household food insecurity, breastfeeding, and recurrent illness were significantly associated with wasting among children aged 24-59 months. It is recommended that interventions be designed with food security, disease prevention, and breastfeeding awareness in mind and put the spotlight on food and nutrition policy to insure children's nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Ali Ewune
- grid.472268.d0000 0004 1762 2666Human nutrition department, School of Public Health, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Reta Kassa Abebe
- grid.472268.d0000 0004 1762 2666School of Public Health, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Sisay
- grid.472268.d0000 0004 1762 2666School of Public Health, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Getanew Aschalew Tesfa
- grid.472268.d0000 0004 1762 2666School of Public Health, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Seboka BT, Hailegebreal S, Mamo TT, Yehualashet DE, Gilano G, Kabthymer RH, Ewune HA, Kassa R, Debisa MA, Yawo MN, Endashaw H, Demeke AD, Tesfa GA. Spatial trends and projections of chronic malnutrition among children under 5 years of age in Ethiopia from 2011 to 2019: a geographically weighted regression analysis. J Health Popul Nutr 2022; 41:28. [PMID: 35790980 PMCID: PMC9254552 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-022-00309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Undernutrition is a serious global health issue, and stunting is a key indicator of children's nutritional status which results from long-term deprivation of basic needs. Ethiopia, the largest and most populous country in Sub-Saharan Africa, has the greatest rate of stunting among children under the age of five, yet the problem is unevenly distributed across the country. Thus, we investigate spatial heterogeneity and explore spatial projection of stunting among under-five children. Further, spatial predictors of stunting were assessed using geospatial regression models.
Methods The Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) data from 2011, 2016, and 2019 were examined using a geostatistical technique that took into account spatial autocorrelation. Ordinary kriging was used to interpolate stunting data, and Kulldorff spatial scan statistics were used to identify spatial clusters with high and low stunting prevalence. In spatial regression modeling, the ordinary least square (OLS) model was employed to investigate spatial predictors of stunting and to examine local spatial variations geographically weighted regression (GWR) and multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) models were employed.
Results Overall, stunting prevalence was decreased from 44.42% [95%, CI: 0.425–0.444] in 2011 to 36.77% [95%, CI: 0.349–0.375] in 2019. Across three waves of EDHS, clusters with a high prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years were consistently observed in northern Ethiopia stretching in Tigray, Amhara, Afar, and Benishangul-Gumuz. Another area of very high stunting incidence was observed in the Southern parts of Ethiopia and the Somali region of Ethiopia. Our spatial regression analysis revealed that the observed geographical variation of under-five stunting significantly correlated with poor sanitation, poor wealth index, inadequate diet, residency, and mothers' education. Conclusions In Ethiopia, substantial progress has been made in decreasing stunting among children under the age of 5 years; although disparities varied in some areas and districts between surveys, the pattern generally remained constant over time. These findings suggest a need for region and district-specific policies where priority should be given to children in areas where most likely to exhibit high-risk stunting. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41043-022-00309-7.
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Tariku Seboka B, Hailegebreal S, Negash M, Mamo TT, Ali Ewune H, Gilano G, Yehualashet DE, Gizachew G, Demeke AD, Worku A, Endashaw H, Kassawe C, Amede ES, Kassa R, Tesfa GA. Predictors of Mental Health Literacy and Information Seeking Behavior Toward Mental Health Among University Students in Resource-Limited Settings. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:8159-8172. [PMID: 36389023 PMCID: PMC9664927 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s377791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper investigated mental health literacy level and information seeking behavior, and mental health-related information sources in limited-resource settings, in the case of Ethiopian university students. METHODS A cross-sectional, self-administered web-based survey was conducted among Dilla University students, from 1 January to 29 February 2022, with a total of 780 respondents. We presented descriptive statistics using mean, standard deviations, and proportions. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were employed to identify factors associated with mental health literacy and information seeking behavior of students. Further, path analysis was also employed. RESULTS The result showed 71 (9.1%) respondents had a diagnosed history of mental illness. Overall, 397 (50.9%) respondents were identified as having adequate mental health literacy and 420 (53.8%) sought mental health information. In multivariate analysis, mental health literacy was significantly associated with: being female (AOR = 2.8; 95% CI (1.5-5.4)), higher digital health literacy (AOR=2.8; 95% CI (1.5-5.4), seeking mental health-related information (AOR=1.6; 95% CI: (1.1-2.5)), having family with mental illness, and students in health-related programs (AOR = 2.1; 95% CI (1.0-4.2)). Furthermore, health-related programs, level of mental health literacy, exposure to mental health problems in the family, and were associated with information seeking behavior regarding mental health. Further, path analysis revealed significant positive associations of information seeking behavior and digital health literacy with mental health literacy. CONCLUSION The result indicated the status of university students' mental health literacy level and information seeking behavior were low and inadequate. This study suggests the need to improve students' digital health competencies by designing mental health literacy programs by collaboration of different stakeholders, and mental health literacy programs need to optimize access to internet and online resources in the university settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Misrak Negash
- Department of Psychiatry, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Girma Gilano
- Department of Health Informatics, Arbaminch University, Arbaminch, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | - Aynadis Worku
- Department of Health Informatics, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | - Reta Kassa
- School of Public Health, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Tesfa GA, Yehualashet DE, Ewune HA, Zemeskel AG, Kalayou MH, Seboka BT. eHealth Literacy and its Associated Factors Among Health Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Resource-Limited Settings: Cross-sectional Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e36206. [PMID: 35737897 PMCID: PMC9285670 DOI: 10.2196/36206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc on health care systems and governments worldwide. Although eHealth literacy is acknowledged as a critical component of public health, it was overlooked during the pandemic. To assist patients and their families, health professionals should be knowledgeable about online health information resources and capable of evaluating relevant online information. In a resource-constrained situation, the level of eHealth literacy among health professionals is not well documented. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the eHealth literacy level and its associated factors among health professionals working in Amhara regional state teaching hospitals, Ethiopia. Methods A self-administered questionnaire was used in an institutional-based cross-sectional study design. Descriptive statistics were calculated to describe eHealth literacy statements and key variables using SPSS v.24. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were fit to identify factors related to eHealth literacy. Variables with P<.05 were declared to be statistically significant predictors. Results A total of 383 participants completed and returned the questionnaire with a response rate of 90.5%. Health professionals demonstrated a moderate level of eHealth literacy (mean 29.21). Most of the professionals were aware of the available health resources located on the internet, and know how to search and locate these resources. However, they lack the ability to distinguish high-quality health resources from low-quality resources. Factors that were significantly associated with eHealth literacy were computer access, computer knowledge, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness of eHealth information resources. Conclusions It is crucial to provide training and support to health care workers on how to find, interpret, and, most importantly, evaluate the quality of health information found on the internet to improve their eHealth literacy level. Further research is needed to explore the role of eHealth literacy in mitigating pandemics in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getanew Aschalew Tesfa
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | | | - Helen Ali Ewune
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Getnet Zemeskel
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Hayelom Kalayou
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Wollo, Ethiopia
| | - Binyam Tariku Seboka
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Sisay W/tsadik D, Debela BG, Ali Ewune H, Hareru HE. Determinants of Household-Level Water Treatment Practices in Southern Ethiopia. Environ Health Insights 2022; 16:11786302221109399. [PMID: 35782318 PMCID: PMC9243476 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221109399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Household water treatment and handling is an important component of a global strategy to provide safe water to millions of people who live without adequate water currently. Household water treatment at the point of use also helps to improve drinking water quality for millions who suffer due to contamination of their drinking water. This study aims to assess household-level water treatment practices and associated factors in Southern Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among selected households using a systematical random sampling technique in Bule town. Data was collected using a pretested, structured questionnaire and analyzed using STATA version 16. A variable with a P-value ⩽ .25 in bi-variable regression was entered into multivariable regression and then a variable with a P-value ⩽ .05 was taken as statistically significant. RESULTS The study found that only 29.9% (with a 95% CI: 25.3-34.6) of households have good water treatment practices for drinking purposes. Regarding predictors of household-level water treatment practices, respondents who had good knowledge were 5 times (AOR = 6.98, 95% CI = 4.01-11.9) more likely to practice household-level water treatment than their counterparts. In addition, respondents who earn more than 3000 ETB per month are twofold more likely to practice household water treatment than those with an average monthly income of less than 1000 ETB (AOR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.22-4.60). CONCLUSIONS Household-level water treatment was less common in Bule town. The household's monthly income and their knowledge status were found to be the determinants of household-level water treatment practices in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Berhanu Gidisa Debela
- Berhanu Gidisa Debela, School of Public
Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, P.O.Box 419,
Dilla, Ethiopia.
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Kaso AW, Agero G, Hurisa Z, Kaso T, Ewune HA, Hailu A. Evaluation of health-related quality of life of Covid-19 patients: a hospital-based study in South Central Ethiopia. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021; 19:268. [PMID: 34930294 PMCID: PMC8685489 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-021-01900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Covid-19 causes a wide range of symptoms in patients, ranging from mild manifestations to severe disease and death. This study assessed the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and associated factors of Covid-19 patients using primary data from confirmed cases in South Central Ethiopia. METHODS We employed a facility-based, cross-sectional study design and conducted the study at the Bokoji Hospital Covid-19 treatment centre. A structured questionnaire and the EQ-5D-3L scale were used to collect the data for analysis. The HRQOL results measured by the EQ-5D-3L tool were converted to a health state utility (HSU) using the Zimbabwe tariff. The average health utility index and HSU-visual analogue scale across diverse sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test. We employed a multiple linear regression to examine factors associated with HSU values simultaneously. The data were analysed using STATA version 15. RESULTS The overall mean HSU score from the EQ-5D was 0.688 (SD: 0.285), and the median was 0.787 (IQR 0.596, 0.833). The mean HSU from the visual analogue scale score was 0.69 (SD: 0.129), with a median of 0.70 (IQR 0.60, 0.80). Those who received dexamethasone and intranasal oxygen supplement, those with comorbidity, those older than 55 years and those with a hospital stay of more than 15 days had significantly lower HSU scores than their counterparts (p < .001). CONCLUSION Covid-19 substantially impaired the HRQOL of patients in Ethiopia, especially among elderly patients and those with comorbidity. Therefore, clinical follow-up and psychological treatment should be encouraged for these groups. Moreover, the health utility values from this study can be used to evaluate quality adjusted life years for future cost-effectiveness analyses of prevention and treatment interventions against Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gebi Agero
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Assela, Ethiopia
| | - Zewdu Hurisa
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Assela, Ethiopia
| | - Taha Kaso
- Department of Surgery, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Assela, Ethiopia
| | | | - Alemayehu Hailu
- Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Seboka BT, Hailegebreal S, Yehualashet DE, Gilano G, Kabthymer RH, Ewune HA, Demeke AD, Amede ES, Tesfa GA. Exploring Spatial Variations and Determinants of Dietary Diversity Among Children in Ethiopia: Spatial and Multilevel Analysis Using EDHS (2011-2016). J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:2633-2650. [PMID: 34584420 PMCID: PMC8464345 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s327456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dietary diversity has a significant impact on children’s nutritional health. For developing and implementing interventions, it is critical to understand the regional distribution of dietary diversity and underlying factors. However, the application of spatial techniques in dietary studies has not been well documented. The study’s goal was to look into the regional variances and factors that influence children’s dietary diversity. Further, we have discussed the spatial correlation of dietary diversity with nutritional status. Methods Data from the National Demographic and Health Survey were used during analyses. This work evaluated the overall dietary diversity of children aged 6–23 months based on the 2017 WHO and UNICEF classification of minimum dietary diversity (MDD). The Local Anselin Moran’s I was estimated to look into the regional variation of dietary diversity and hotspot and cold spot areas. Further, multivariate multilevel logistic regression was used for factor analyses. Results Overall, only 13.3% (95% CI: 10.2–14.7%) of children in 2011 and 24% (95% CI: 15.5–26.5%) in 2016 achieved MDD. We identified statistically significant clusters of high inadequate dietary diversity (hotspots) in the districts of northern Ethiopia, notably in the Amhara, Tigray, and Afar regions, and clusters of low inadequate dietary diversity (cold spots) in the country’s central and western regions. In both studies, the frequency of dietary diversity was significantly higher among older children, those who had media exposure, and mothers and fathers who had received formal education. Conclusion According to our findings, the MDD of children in Ethiopia, as measured by WHO dietary assessment, slightly increased from 2011 to 2016. The dietary diversity of children was distributed non-randomly in different districts across regions of Ethiopia. Localized intervention and preventative methods to improve dietary patterns and culture can be developed using existing socio-demographic factors and districts with a larger distribution of inadequate dietary diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Hailegebreal
- Department of Health Informatics, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | | | - Girma Gilano
- Department of Health Informatics, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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Ali Ewune H, Daka K, Bekele B, Meskele M. Challenges to nutrition management among patients using antiretroviral therapy in primary health 'centres' in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A phenomenological study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250919. [PMID: 34138857 PMCID: PMC8211200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nutritional management is a fundamental practice of concern to all patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The nature of HIV/AIDS and malnutrition impacts are interlocked and intensify one another. Objective This study aimed to explore nutrition management challenges among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in primary health centres in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods and materials We used a hermeneutic (interpretive) phenomenological study design. The study used in-depth interviews to describe lived experiences among adult patients aged 18 and above. We selected the participants purposively until the saturation of the idea reached. We maintained the scientific rigor and trustworthiness by applying credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability, followed by translation and re-reading of the data has been achieved. The data have been analyzed through inductive thematic analysis assisted by NVIVO version 12 pro software. Result Nutrition management challenges for HIV patients have been described using six significant themes. The major themes were: acceptance of the disease and the health status; facilitators and barriers to treatment adherence; behavioural changes in eating patterns; experience of food insecurity issues; nutrition knowledge; and support. The themes have explained how patients using ART have been challenged to manage their nutrition ever since their diagnosis. Of all challenges, food insecurity is found to be the core reason for poor nutrition management. Conclusion and recommendation We found that many factors in managing their nutrition challenged patients with HIV. There should be an increasing interest in managing food insecurity issues as food insecurity has been strongly related to other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Ali Ewune
- School of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Kassa Daka
- School of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Befekadu Bekele
- School of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Mengistu Meskele
- School of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
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Kabthymer RH, Nega Techane S, Muche T, Ali Ewune H, Mekonnen Abate S, Feyisso Shaka M. Overweight and Obesity Among Adult HIV Infected Peoples Receiving ART in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 12:2150132721993647. [PMID: 33543684 PMCID: PMC7874346 DOI: 10.1177/2150132721993647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over-nutrition and diet-linked non-communicable morbidities are showing increasing trend overtime. Even if there are different factors that affect the change in BMI other than ART, several authors have reported increases in BMI among PLHIV on treatment that are equal to or surpass the general population. This study is aimed to estimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight among adult HIV infected peoples taking ART in Ethiopia. METHOD PubMed, CINAHL, Web of science, global health and Google scholar electronic databases were used to perform a systematic literature search. Two authors independently extracted all the necessary data using a structured data extraction format. Data analysis was done using STATA Version 14. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed by using I2 test. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. Publication bias was checked using Funnel plot and Egger's test. RESULT Two thousand seven hundred and fifty-one studies were reviewed and 13 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis of 13 studies, comprising 4994 participants resulted in pooled prevalence of overweight to be 17.85% (95% CI: 12.22-23.47). Whereas, the pooled prevalence of overweight was found to be 3.90 (95% CI: 2.31-5.49) but after adjusting for publication bias using trim and fill analysis it has become 3.58 (95% CI: 2.04-5.13). Magnitude of both overweight and obesity was higher in studies conducted in Addis Ababa, studies done after 2016 and studies having sample size of less than 400, in subgroup analysis. CONCLUSION The magnitude of overweight and obesity among HIV infected peoples taking ART in Ethiopia is high. There is a need to have a routine screening to PLWHA on the risk of over-nutrition in order to facilitate early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Temesgen Muche
- College of health sciences and medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Helen Ali Ewune
- College of health sciences and medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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