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Reddy H, DeMeo D, Maytin A, Carroll B. 346 Health literacy and the ability to understand postoperative instructions in patients undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Arora A, Storr SJ, Reddy H, Lobo DN, Madhusudan S, Zaitoun AM. O085 CD10 expression in carcinomas of the pancreas, bile duct and ampulla. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac242.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma including, cancer of ampulla of Vater, are very aggressive and have a dismal prognosis; hence improved methods of patient stratification are required.
Methods
We assessed the expression of CD10 in stromal and epithelial cells of two patient cohorts using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. The first cohort was composed of 68 pancreatic adenocarcinomas and the second cohort was composed of 120 cancers of the bile duct and ampulla.
Results
In bile duct and ampullary carcinomas an association was observed between CD10 stromal expression and patient age (p =0.009). The CD10 stromal expression was associated with poor disease specific survival (DSS) (p =0.05). In multivariate Cox model for DSS, stromal CD10 expression (p = 0.037) was independently associated with poor outcome. In multivariate Cox model for disease free survival (DFS), CD10 stromal expression (p = 0.012), and nodal status (p = 0.025) were independently associated with poor outcome. In pancreatic cancer, no statistically significant association was observed between CD 10 stromal expression and clinicopathological variables such as tumour size (p = 0.099), T stage (p = 0.393), N stage (p = 0.860), Vascular invasion (p = 0.904), perineural invasion (p = 0.532) and grade (0.168). In multivariate Cox model for DSS, T stage (p = 0.042) was independently associated with poor outcome.
Conclusion
The results suggest that CD10 stromal expression may have prognostic significance in cholangiocarcinoma. The findings of this study warrant a larger follow-up study.
Take-home message
The results suggest that CD10 stromal expression may have prognostic significance in cholangiocarcinoma. The findings of this study warrant a larger follow-up study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arora
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - SJ Storr
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - H Reddy
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - DN Lobo
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Madhusudan
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - AM Zaitoun
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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Tempest K, Reddy H, Johns S, Wright K, Sultan S. AB1397 WORK SMARTER NOT HARDER. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundIn 2014 we were a small team with only 1 WTE (Whole Time Equivalent) CNS (Clinical Nurse Specialist) and 2 WTE consultants for a population of 220,000. Most CNS clinic appointments were taken up for drug counselling. Waiting times were approx. 6 weeks for drug counselling. Consultants would often counsel for DMARDs.That year at a national meeting a virtual group MDT (multidisciplinary) was presented by the team at Manchester Royal infirmary (MRI). They used a good quality presentation for patients starting bDMARDs as a tool for drug counselling.After having to put on an extra clinic to counsel 5 patients, all for rituximab, frustratingly I asked why can’t I get them all in the same room to save time? We needed to work smarter, not harder, utilise time & space to ensure best practice but also ensure gold standard, patient centered care continued. We modified the format used at MRI to a face to face group education and counselling of patients to improve waiting times and patient flow.ObjectivesReduce the amount of clinic appointments used to counsel patients for sDMARDs (synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs) and bDMARDs (biologic).Free up clinic appointments for follow up/ review and flares.Standardise information given out to ensure they are all given the same gold standard information and education.MethodsWe visited the team at MRI to view the format of their virtual clinic. It didn’t meet the needs of our service so we modified and adapted the presentation.Set up a group education session to discuss the most common sDMARDs and bDMARDs used for Inflammatory Arthritis.I developed a power point presentation and booklet that can be used by CNS- ensuring the same information is given to every patient, both attending the group session and those not suitable for group session (ie Language barriers) who would be seen individually. We use a screening proforma to ensure safety of commencement for the individual prior to attending clinics which has a tick list for screening requirements.The session is undertaken in our education centre. Pre Covid the session could accommodate up to 10 patients per session per week, uptake on average 8-10 patients for sDMARDs and 5-6 for bDMARDs. We alternated biologic and sDMARD sessions, if demand required, we changed a session to accommodate. The room is booked for 1½ hours every week, the sDMARD presentation lasts approximately ½ an hour & bDMARD session 50 minutes, time is allowed for group & individual questions if required at the end. This contrasts with 25 minute appointment for sDMARD & 50 minute for bDMARD counselling 1:1.The booklet, along with information pack, is given at the group session to all patients. This includes all the information the patient requires (advice line information, blood forms). Prior to the group clinic admin team prepare the patient packs for the CNS to give to patients.ResultsWe received 102 anonymous responses back from 136 patients asked. (75% response)Following these sessions we found less calls to the advice line regarding medication queries, able to add in further cDMARDs or switch to alternate due to S/Es over the telephoneFeedback from patients.-120 comments received.Clear simple information about a number of possible drugs used to treat my condition not just the 1 I am prescribed. If my medication needs changing I already know about it.The lecture aspect of the types/contra-indications of meds was very useful & removed the ‘fear’ attached to these specialist drugs.The session with other patients present stopped me from feeling alone in this position. The booklet is brilliant as it includes everything that was in the session. Also it took away the ‘fear’ of the side effects.Conclusion7 years on we feel that Group Counselling has been a huge success, we noticed how successful this was once we had to deal with the pandemic and cancel the group sessions. Patients feedback proves that they like the session and find them valuable. Whilst being beneficial and impoving work productivity and streamling the service.AcknowledgementsThe Rheumatology Team at The Kellgren Centre Manchester Royal InfirmaryDisclosure of InterestsKelly Tempest Speakers bureau: AbbvieSanofiGalapogos, Hanu Reddy: None declared, Samantha Johns: None declared, Kathryn Wright: None declared, Shabina Sultan Speakers bureau: Amgen, Grant/research support from: lilly
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Reddy H, Lam R. A four-tiered approach to optimise the educational benefit of ward rounds for medical students. Med Teach 2021; 43:1457-1458. [PMID: 33836630 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2021.1908530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henna Reddy
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ryan Lam
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Cross S, Rho Y, Reddy H, Pepperrell T, Rodgers F, Osborne R, Eni-Olotu A, Banerjee R, Wimmer S, Keestra S. Who funded the research behind the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine? BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:e007321. [PMID: 34937701 PMCID: PMC8704023 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Vaxzevira or Covishield) builds on two decades of research and development (R&D) into chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine (ChAdOx) technology at the University of Oxford. This study aimed to approximate the funding for the R&D of ChAdOx and the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine and to assess the transparency of funding reporting mechanisms. METHODS We conducted a scoping review and publication history analysis of the principal investigators to reconstruct R&D funding the ChAdOx technology. We matched award numbers with publicly accessible grant databases. We filed freedom of information (FOI) requests to the University of Oxford for the disclosure of all grants for ChAdOx R&D. RESULTS We identified 100 peer-reviewed articles relevant to ChAdOx technology published between January 2002 and October 2020, extracting 577 mentions of funding bodies from acknowledgements. Government funders from overseas (including the European Union) were mentioned 158 times (27.4%), the UK government 147 (25.5%) and charitable funders 138 (23.9%). Grant award numbers were identified for 215 (37.3%) mentions; amounts were publicly available for 121 (21.0%). Based on the FOIs, until December 2019, the biggest funders of ChAdOx R&D were the European Commission (34.0%), Wellcome Trust (20.4%) and Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (17.5%). Since January 2020, the UK government contributed 95.5% of funding identified. The total identified R&D funding was £104 226 076 reported in the FOIs and £228 466 771 reconstructed from the literature search. CONCLUSION Our study approximates that public and charitable financing accounted for 97%-99% of identifiable funding for the ChAdOx vaccine technology research at the University of Oxford underlying the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine until autumn 2020. We encountered a lack of transparency in research funding reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cross
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Henna Reddy
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Toby Pepperrell
- School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Florence Rodgers
- Royal Cornwall Hospital, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Truro, UK
| | - Rhiannon Osborne
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Rishi Banerjee
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Sabrina Wimmer
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Department of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Sarai Keestra
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Reddy H, Arabkhazaeli M, Yettaw-Luts H. Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (vNOTES) for Anterior Entry in Patients with Prior Cesarean Section. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2021.09.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kumar M, Danda S, Reddy H, S J, Paul G, Varkki S. 158: Late diagnosis of cystic fibrosis after first decade of life: Clinical observations of a milder phenotype in India. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [PMCID: PMC8518449 DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tavcar J, Movilla P, Carusi D, Loring M, Reddy H, Isaacson K, Morris S. Incidence and Clinical Implications of Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) after Hysteroscopic Treatment for Asherman's Syndrome. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2021.09.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Manirambona E, Uwizeyimana T, Uwiringiyimana E, Reddy H. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food rations of refugees in Rwanda. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:107. [PMID: 33902619 PMCID: PMC8072079 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has significantly impacted the global economy, by forcing people to stay indoors and creating a ‘new normal’ of living. Rwanda has made notable efforts to fight the pandemic. However, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the country’s economy are numerous and the refugees residing in Rwanda are not spared these effects. As of December 2020, 164,000 people were granted refugee status in Rwanda according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The majority were from neighbouring countries in the Great Lakes regions, including DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo) and Burundi. The impact the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy has led to a decline in donations to the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP), which in turn has significantly reduced the food rations of refugees. Such paucity will no doubt cause unprecedented impacts on the people residing in refugee camps, who completely depend on humanitarian aid to meet their basic food requirements. This lack of access to adequate and affordable food will expose refugees to extreme hunger and starvation, putting their lives in danger by triggering forced returns, infections, social conflicts and thus higher morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, such stressful environments would no doubt put the mental health of these already vulnerable communities at risk. It is unsurprising that refugees are more likely to experience poor mental health compared to local population, including higher rates of depression and anxiety disorders including Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This is an issue as they are also less likely to receive support than the general population. Refugees in Rwanda are under the responsibility of UNHCR and WFP, who should ensure adequate food assistance is provided to refugees and therefore ameliorate the risks to health that result from food shortages, safeguarding these vulnerable communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emery Manirambona
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
| | | | | | - Henna Reddy
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Bandyopadhyay S, Baticulon RE, Kadhum M, Alser M, Ojuka DK, Badereddin Y, Kamath A, Parepalli SA, Brown G, Iharchane S, Gandino S, Markovic-Obiago Z, Scott S, Manirambona E, Machhada A, Aggarwal A, Benazaize L, Ibrahim M, Kim D, Tol I, Taylor EH, Knighton A, Bbaale D, Jasim D, Alghoul H, Reddy H, Abuelgasim H, Saini K, Sigler A, Abuelgasim L, Moran-Romero M, Kumarendran M, Jamie NA, Ali O, Sudarshan R, Dean R, Kissyova R, Kelzang S, Roche S, Ahsan T, Mohamed Y, Dube AM, Gwini GP, Gwokyala R, Brown R, Papon MRKK, Li Z, Ruzats SS, Charuvila S, Peter N, Khalidy K, Moyo N, Alser O, Solano A, Robles-Perez E, Tariq A, Gaddah M, Kolovos S, Muchemwa FC, Saleh A, Gosman A, Pinedo-Villanueva R, Jani A, Khundkar R. Infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from COVID-19: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5:e003097. [PMID: 33277297 PMCID: PMC7722361 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate COVID-19 infections and deaths in healthcare workers (HCWs) from a global perspective during the early phases of the pandemic. DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS Two parallel searches of academic bibliographic databases and grey literature were undertaken until 8 May 2020. Governments were also contacted for further information where possible. There were no restrictions on language, information sources used, publication status and types of sources of evidence. The AACODS checklist or the National Institutes of Health study quality assessment tools were used to appraise each source of evidence. OUTCOME MEASURES Publication characteristics, country-specific data points, COVID-19-specific data, demographics of affected HCWs and public health measures employed. RESULTS A total of 152 888 infections and 1413 deaths were reported. Infections were mainly in women (71.6%, n=14 058) and nurses (38.6%, n=10 706), but deaths were mainly in men (70.8%, n=550) and doctors (51.4%, n=525). Limited data suggested that general practitioners and mental health nurses were the highest risk specialities for deaths. There were 37.2 deaths reported per 100 infections for HCWs aged over 70 years. Europe had the highest absolute numbers of reported infections (119 628) and deaths (712), but the Eastern Mediterranean region had the highest number of reported deaths per 100 infections (5.7). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 infections and deaths among HCWs follow that of the general population around the world. The reasons for gender and specialty differences require further exploration, as do the low rates reported in Africa and India. Although physicians working in certain specialities may be considered high risk due to exposure to oronasal secretions, the risk to other specialities must not be underestimated. Elderly HCWs may require assigning to less risky settings such as telemedicine or administrative positions. Our pragmatic approach provides general trends, and highlights the need for universal guidelines for testing and reporting of infections in HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Bandyopadhyay
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Ronnie E Baticulon
- Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine, Manila, Metro Manila, The Philippines
| | - Murtaza Kadhum
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Muath Alser
- Kasr Al Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Daniel K Ojuka
- Department of Surgery, University of Nairobi College of Health Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yara Badereddin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza, State of Palestine
| | - Archith Kamath
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Sai Arathi Parepalli
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Grace Brown
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Sara Iharchane
- Dipartimento di medicina clinica e sperimentale, University of Insubria, Varese, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Sofia Gandino
- Dipartimento di medicina clinica e sperimentale, University of Insubria, Varese, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Zara Markovic-Obiago
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Samuel Scott
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Emery Manirambona
- University of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Asif Machhada
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Westbury on Trym, Bristol, UK
| | - Aditi Aggarwal
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Lydia Benazaize
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Mina Ibrahim
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Westbury on Trym, Bristol, UK
| | - David Kim
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Isabel Tol
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Elliott H Taylor
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Alexandra Knighton
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Dorothy Bbaale
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Duha Jasim
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Heba Alghoul
- Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, State of Palestine
| | - Henna Reddy
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Hibatullah Abuelgasim
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Kirandeep Saini
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - Leenah Abuelgasim
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Mario Moran-Romero
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mary Kumarendran
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - Omaima Ali
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Raghav Sudarshan
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Riley Dean
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rumi Kissyova
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Westbury on Trym, Bristol, UK
| | - Sonam Kelzang
- Gelephu Central Regional Referral Hospital, Gelephu, Bhutan
| | - Sophie Roche
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Tazin Ahsan
- Sheikh Hasina National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yethrib Mohamed
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Andile Maqhawe Dube
- National University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Grace Paida Gwini
- National University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Rashidah Gwokyala
- Gulu University Faculty of Medicine, Gulu, Uganda
- Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Robin Brown
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - Zoe Li
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Port Talbot, Neath Port Talbot, UK
| | | | - Somy Charuvila
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Noel Peter
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - Nkosikhona Moyo
- National University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Osaid Alser
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arielis Solano
- ConnectMed International, Dominican Republic, Dominican Republic
| | | | - Aiman Tariq
- Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Gaddah
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, UK
| | - Spyros Kolovos
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Faith C Muchemwa
- Parirenyatwa Hospital, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Abdullah Saleh
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Office of Global Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amanda Gosman
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rafael Pinedo-Villanueva
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Anant Jani
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Roba Khundkar
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Westbury on Trym, Bristol, UK
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Pandey S, Reddy H, Gupta P, Jain A. A proposed algorithm for diagnosis of subacte and chronic meningoencephalitis cases in India: An evidence based work up. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Chen T, Movilla P, To S, Morales B, Wang J, Wang J, Williams A, Reddy H, Tavcar J, Loring M, Morris S, Isaacson K. Obstetrical Outcomes Among Asherman's Syndrome Patients: Comparing Classification Systems and Developing a Novel Calculator. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2020.08.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang J, Movilla P, Morales B, Wang J, Williams A, Reddy H, Chen T, Tavcar J, Morris S, Isaacson K. In Vitro Fertilization in Women with Asherman's Syndrome - Comparison of Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2020.08.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Prathima S, Murthy M, Maka V, Paibhavi P, Reddy H, Vungarala S. Assessment of nutritional status and quality of life among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz434.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Reddy H, Maka V, D A, Krishna Murthy M, Mandepudi A, Paibhavi P, K S, Vungarala S. Accuracy of risk scoring system to determine delayed chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz434.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Reddy H, Maka V, D A, Krishna Murthy M, Mandepudi A, Paibhavi P, K S, Vungarala S. Accuracy of risk scoring system to determine chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in cancer patients receiving first cycle chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz434.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mandepudi A, Paibhavi P, M M, Maka V, Reddy H. Incidence and severity of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy in geriatric population who are receiving chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz434.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Reddy H, Wong M, Einarsson J. Laparoscopic Resection of Bladder Fibroid. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.09.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Shah J, Reddy H, Flint K, Grekowicz M, Amos L. 0760 One-Size-Does-Not-Fit-All: Achieving Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) Adherence in a Targeted Pediatric Population Beyond the 90-day Insurance Trial Period. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Shah
- Medical College of Wisconsin and Affiliated Hospitals, Milwaukee, WI
| | - H Reddy
- Medical College of Wisconsin and Affiliated Hospitals, Milwaukee, WI
| | - K Flint
- Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - L Amos
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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Culberson J, Rajmohan R, Reddy H. NEUROIMAGING OF FACE PROCESSING IN CLINICALLY DIAGNOSED EARLY STAGE DEMENTIA OF THE ALZHEIMER TYPE. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J.W. Culberson
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - R. Rajmohan
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - H. Reddy
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
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Reddy H, Amos L. 1245 REM Associated Increase in Intracranial Pressure in a Child with Craniosynostosis. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx052.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Selvaratnam T, Reddy H, Muppaneni T, Holguin F, Nirmalakhandan N, Lammers PJ, Deng S. Optimizing energy yields from nutrient recycling using sequential hydrothermal liquefaction with Galdieria sulphuraria. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Selvaratnam T, Pegallapati AK, Reddy H, Kanapathipillai N, Nirmalakhandan N, Deng S, Lammers PJ. Algal biofuels from urban wastewaters: maximizing biomass yield using nutrients recycled from hydrothermal processing of biomass. Bioresour Technol 2015; 182:232-238. [PMID: 25704095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have proposed algal cultivation in urban wastewaters for the dual purpose of waste treatment and bioenergy production from the resulting biomass. This study proposes an enhancement to this approach that integrates cultivation of an acidophilic strain, Galdieria sulphuraria 5587.1, in a closed photobioreactor (PBR); hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of the wet algal biomass; and recirculation of the nutrient-rich aqueous product (AP) of HTL to the PBR to achieve higher biomass productivity than that could be achieved with raw wastewater. The premise is that recycling nutrients in the AP can maintain optimal C, N and P levels in the PBR to maximize biomass growth to increase energy returns. Growth studies on the test species validated growth on AP derived from HTL at temperatures from 180 to 300°C. Doubling N and P concentrations over normal levels in wastewater resulted in biomass productivity gains of 20-25% while N and P removal rates also doubled.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Selvaratnam
- Civil Engineering Dept., New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - A K Pegallapati
- Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - H Reddy
- Chemical Engineering Dept., New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - N Kanapathipillai
- Civil Engineering Dept., New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - N Nirmalakhandan
- Civil Engineering Dept., New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - S Deng
- Chemical Engineering Dept., New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - P J Lammers
- Energy Research Laboratory, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
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Reddy H, Carmichael AJ, Wahie S. Severity of polymorphic light eruption in pre- and post-menopausal women: a comparative study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 29:97-101. [PMID: 24684752 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphic light eruption (PLE) is approximately four times more common in women than in men and often begins in young adult life. It is hypothesized that patients with PLE have an inherent resistance to UVL-induced immunosuppression, which is a physiological phenomenon in normal healthy individuals. Consequently, in PLE there is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to a UVL-modified skin antigen, which results in an inflammatory reaction and a variable rash. The female hormone, 17β-oestradiol, has been shown to inhibit UVL-induced physiological suppression of contact hypersensitivity responses. This has been postulated to account for the female preponderance of PLE. If 17β-oestradiol plays a significant part in the disease, one might hypothesize that the severity of PLE might reduce in women after menopause. OBJECTIVES To compare the severity of PLE in pre-menopausal women with that in post-menopausal women. METHODS Eighteen pre-menopausal and 18 post-menopausal women with PLE had their Polymorphic Light Eruption Severity Index (PLESI) scored by a single investigator. RESULTS Pre-menopausal women (mean age 40 years; range 25-50) had a mean PLESI of 54.8 (range 0-86, SD 20.2). Post-menopausal women (mean age 63 years; range 53-78) had a mean PLESI of 36.8 (range 0-74, SD 18.2). A significant difference in mean PLESI values between pre- and post-menopausal women was noted (18.0; 95% CI 4.9-31.0; P = 0.008). At the time of the study, three subjects in the pre-menopausal group and one subject in the post-menopausal group were on oestrogen preparations. Even after excluding the four patients on oral oestrogens, there remained a statistically significant difference in the mean PLESI scores between the pre-menopausal and post-menopausal groups (55.10 vs. 36.64; difference of 18.46, 95% CI: 4.0-32.91; P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS The severity of PLE was significantly less in post-menopausal women as compared with pre-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Reddy
- Department of Dermatology, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
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Pandey A, Usman K, Reddy H, Gutch M, Jain N, Qidwai S. Prevalence of hand disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with microvascular complications. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2013; 3:349-54. [PMID: 24116312 PMCID: PMC3793438 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.117942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Physicians have long recognized the association between diabetes mellitus and several pathologic conditions of the hand. The most commonly recognized maladies are limited joint mobility (LJM), Dupuytren's disease (DD), trigger finger (TF), and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Incidence of these hand disorders has increased in the setting of diabetes. Collectively, these are described as diabetic hand syndrome. Aim: The aims were to find out the prevalence of hand disorders in diabetic patients, and to study the relation of these hand disorders with microvascular complications. Subjects and Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional case-control study done over a period of 1 year Patients of type 2 DM, of age < 65 years, who visited Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Lucknow were enrolled and were described as cases. Age- and sex-matched nondiabetic individuals were taken in the control group. The data were analyzed using software SPSS. SPSS Inc. Released 2008. SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc. Means and standard deviations were computed; the Student t-test and Chi-square (χ2) test were used as appropriate. Results: A total of 400 subjects were studied, 200 each in the case and control groups. Of total 200 diabetic patients, 30% (60/200) patients had neuropathy, 37.5% (75/200) had nephropathy, and 44.5% (89/200) patients had retinopathy. In the study population, 67% patients were having one or more hand disorders, in which LJM was found in 40.5% (81/200) patients, DD was found in 19% (38/200) patients, TF in 16.5% (33/200), and CTS in 14% (28/200) patients. Conclusions: This study shows a high prevalence of hand disorders in diabetic patients and also correlates with the duration of type 2 DM, LJM being the most common hand disorder and more common in patients who have microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pandey
- Department of Medicine, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Reddy
- Department of Dermatology; The James Cook University Hospital; Marton Road Middlesbrough TS4 3BW U.K
| | - S. Fatah
- Department of Dermatology; The James Cook University Hospital; Marton Road Middlesbrough TS4 3BW U.K
| | - A. Gulve
- Department of Pain Management; The James Cook University Hospital; Marton Road Middlesbrough TS4 3BW U.K
| | - A.J. Carmichael
- Department of Dermatology; The James Cook University Hospital; Marton Road Middlesbrough TS4 3BW U.K
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Reddy H, Shipman AR, Wojnarowska F. Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and inflammatory bowel disease: a review of the literature. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013; 38:225-9; quiz 229-30. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Reddy
- Department of Dermatology; James Cook University Hospital; Middlesborough; UK
| | - A. R. Shipman
- Department of Dermatology; Worcestershire Royal Hospital; Worcester; UK
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Shipman AR, Reddy H, Wojnarowska F. Association between the subepidermal autoimmune blistering diseases linear IgA disease and the pemphigoid group and inflammatory bowel disease: two case reports and literature review. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012; 37:461-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2012.04383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- H Reddy
- Department of Dermatology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK.
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Sulaiman L, Hunter J, Farquharson F, Reddy H. Mechanical thrombectomy of an infected deep venous thrombosis: a novel technique of source control in sepsis. Br J Anaesth 2010; 106:65-8. [PMID: 20952425 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A young i.v. drug abuser presented with an extensive iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis and signs of severe sepsis. Subsequent investigations revealed multiple septic emboli in his lungs originating from infected thrombus in his leg. Despite systemic anti-coagulation and appropriate parenteral antibiotics, he continued to show signs of worsening acute infection. Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy was performed successfully and resulted in an immediate improvement in his condition. In this report, we discuss the novel use of this technique for source control in a patient with septic shock secondary to infected thrombus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sulaiman
- East Cheshire NHS Trust, Macclesfield, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Reddy
- Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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Tiwari A, Reddy H, Mukhopadhyay S, Abraham J. Simulations of liquid nanocylinder breakup with dissipative particle dynamics. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2008; 78:016305. [PMID: 18764048 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.016305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we use a dissipative-particle-dynamics-based model for two-phase flows to simulate the breakup of liquid nanocylinders. Rayleigh's criterion for capillary breakup of inviscid liquid cylinders is shown to apply for the cases considered, in agreement with prior molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Also, as shown previously through MD simulations, satellite drops are not observed, because of the dominant role played by thermal fluctuations which lead to a symmetric breakup of the neck joining the two main drops. The parameters varied in this study are the domain size, cylinder radius, thermal length scale, viscosity, and surface tension. The breakup time does not show the same scaling dependence as in capillary breakup of liquid cylinders at the macroscale. The time variation of the radius at the point of breakup agrees with prior theoretical predictions from expressions derived with the assumption that thermal fluctuations lead to breakup.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tiwari
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Reddy H. Audit of prescribing of PRN (pro re nata) medications. Eur Psychiatry 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
AIM To obtain a better understanding of nociceptive processing in patients with oesophagitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eleven patients with grade B oesophagitis were compared with an age and sex matched group of 16 healthy subjects. A probe was positioned in the lower part of the oesophagus. After preconditioning of the tissue, painful mechanical stimuli were applied as distensions with a bag using an impedance planimetric method. Distensions were done before and after pharmacological impairment of distension induced smooth muscle contractions. Thermal stimulation was performed by recirculating water at 1 and 60 degrees C in the bag. The area under the temperature curve (AUC) represented caloric load. The referred pain area (being a proxy for the central pain mechanisms) to the mechanical stimuli was drawn at maximum pain intensities. RESULTS Patients were hyposensitive to mechanical stimuli, as assessed by the distending volume (F=8.1, p=0.005). After relaxation of smooth muscle with butylscopolamine, the difference between the two groups was more evident (F=27.4, p<0.001). AUC for cold stimulation was 1048.6 (242.7) degrees Cxs in controls and 889.8 (202.6) degrees Cxs in patients (p=0.5). For heat stimuli, AUC values were 323.3 (104.1) and 81.3 (32.3) degrees Cxs in controls and patients, respectively (p=0.04). The referred pain area to the mechanical stimulations was larger and more widespread in patients (49.3 (6.2) cm2 compared with controls 23.9 (7) cm2; p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that peripheral sensitisation of heat sensitive receptors and pathways combined with facilitation of central pain mechanisms may explain the symptoms in patients with oesophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Drewes
- Centre for Visceral Biomechanics and Pain, Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Aalborg Hospital, DK-9100, and Centre for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark.
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Cardo LJ, Rentas FJ, Ketchum L, Salata J, Harman R, Melvin W, Weina PJ, Mendez J, Reddy H, Goodrich R. Pathogen inactivation of Leishmania donovani infantum in plasma and platelet concentrates using riboflavin and ultraviolet light. Vox Sang 2006; 90:85-91. [PMID: 16430665 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Leishmania is transmitted by the bite of the phlebotomine sandfly or by transfusion of infected blood products. Leishmaniasis currently poses a significant problem in several parts of the world, and is an emerging problem in others. The Mirasol PRT technology is based on the use of riboflavin and ultraviolet light to generate chemical reactions in the nucleic acids of pathogens, which prevents replication and leads to inactivation. The intent of this study was to examine the ability of the Mirasol PRT System to kill the Leishmania parasite in human plasma and platelet concentrates. MATERIALS AND METHODS In visceral Leishmaniasis, amastigotes are present in the blood and in the reticuloendothelial system within monocytes. For each unit of plasma or platelets treated, isolated mononuclear cells obtained from 100 ml of normal donor whole blood were incubated with 1.0 x 10(8) Leishmania donovani infantum promastigotes to produce amastigote-laden macrophages. The infected macrophages were added to 250 ml of human plasma or to 250 ml of platelet concentrates. Infected units were cultured pretreatment in 10-fold serial dilutions to determine the limits of detection. Thirty millilitres of 500 microM riboflavin was added to each unit, which was then illuminated with 5.9 J/cm2 of ultraviolet light (6.24 J/ml). After treatment and after 2 months of frozen storage, plasma units were cultured in 10-fold serial dilutions. Platelets were cultured on the day of treatment and on day 5 of storage post-illumination. RESULTS A 5 log reduction of Leishmania was demonstrated in five of six units of plasma, and a 7 log reduction of Leishmania was demonstrated in one plasma unit. A 5 log reduction of Leishmania was demonstrated in five of six units of platelets, and a 6 log reduction of Leishmania was demonstrated in one unit. CONCLUSIONS There is no donor screen for Leishmania and other pathogens constantly emerging in our blood supply. The Mirasol PRT System for Platelets and Plasma is an effective means of killing Leishmania and other emerging pathogens in these blood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Cardo
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Blood Research, Transfusion Medicine Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910-7500, USA.
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Matthews PM, Johansen-Berg H, Reddy H. Non-invasive mapping of brain functions and brain recovery: applying lessons from cognitive neuroscience to neurorehabilitation. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2004; 22:245-60. [PMID: 15502269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Modern cognitive neuroscience provides a powerful framework in which biological models of recovery and neurorehabilitation can be constructed and tested. The widespread availability, relatively low cost and informativeness of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has made it the most popular of the techniques available to help with this task. Here, on the basis of functional imaging studies of stroke, diffuse microvascular disease and multiple sclerosis, we argue that processes of motor control and learning in the healthy brain share common mechanisms with those for adaptive functional reorganisation during spontaneous recovery after brain injury or with neurorehabilitation. Relatively stringent criteria can be met to confirm that adaptive functional reorganisation limits disability even in the adult brain: functional brain changes are related to disease burden, can be found in patients with demonstrable pathology but no clinical deficits and can be defined (in motor cortex) even in the absence of volitional recruitment. Initial studies of neurorehabilitation responses using fMRI and transcranial magnetic stimulation demonstrate that adaptive reorganisation can be manipulated directly with both pharmacological and behavioural interventions. The combination of strategies based on a strong biological rational with monitoring their effects using highly informative functional brain imaging methods heralds a new era of scientifically-founded neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Matthews
- Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, UK.
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Reddy H. Erratum to: “Triggers and promoters of ischaemic preconditioning” [Cardiovascular Research 56 (2002) 1–3]⋆. Cardiovasc Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6363(02)00765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Reddy H, Narayanan S, Woolrich M, Mitsumori T, Lapierre Y, Arnold DL, Matthews PM. Functional brain reorganization for hand movement in patients with multiple sclerosis: defining distinct effects of injury and disability. Brain 2002; 125:2646-57. [PMID: 12429592 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awf283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work has demonstrated potentially adaptive cortical plasticity that increases with brain injury in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, animal studies showing use-dependent changes in motor cortex organization suggest that functional changes also may occur in response to disability. We therefore wished to test whether brain injury and disability lead to distinguishable patterns of activation with hand movement in patients with multiple sclerosis. By employing a passive as well as an active movement task, we also wished to test whether these changes were independent of voluntary recruitment and thus more likely to reflect true functional reorganization. Fourteen patients [Extended Disability Status Score (EDSS) 0-7.5] with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis were selected on the basis of pathology load and hand functional impairment for three study groups: group 1, low diffuse central brain injury (DCBI) as assessed from relative N-acetylaspartate concentration (a marker of axonal integrity) and normal hand function (n = 6); group 2, greater DCBI and normal hand function (n = 4); and group 3, greater DCBI and impaired hand function (n = 4). Functional MRI (fMRI) was used to map brain activation with a four-finger and both one-finger passive and active flexion-extension movement tasks for the three groups. Considering all the patients, we found increased activity in ipsilateral premotor and ipsilateral motor cortex (IMC) and in the ipsilateral inferior parietal lobule with increasing global disability (as assessed from the EDSS score). These changes appear to define true functional reorganization, as fMRI activations in IMC (r = 0.87, P < 0.001) and in the contralateral motor cortex (r = 0.67, P < 0.007) were highly correlated between active and passive single finger movements. We attempted to disambiguate any distinct effects of disability and brain injury by direct contrasts between patients differing predominantly in one or the other. To make these contrasts as powerful as possible, we used impairment of finger tapping as a measure of disability specific to the hand tested. A direct contrast of patients matched for DCBI, but differing in hand disability (group 3 - group 2) showed greater bilateral primary and secondary somatosensory cortex activation with greater disability alone. A contrast matched for hand disability, but differing in DCBI (group 2 - group 1) showed a different pattern of changes with relative ipsilateral premotor cortex and bilateral supplementary motor area activity. We conclude that the pattern of brain activity with finger movements changes both with increasing DCBI and with hand disability in patients with multiple sclerosis, and that these changes are distinct. Those related directly to disability may reflect responses to altered patterns of use. As injury- and disability-related activation changes are found even with passive finger movements, they may reflect true brain reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Reddy
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Reddy H, De Stefano N, Mortilla M, Federico A, Matthews PM. Functional reorganization of motor cortex increases with greater axonal injury from CADASIL. Stroke 2002; 33:502-8. [PMID: 11823660 DOI: 10.1161/hs0202.103337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an inherited small-artery disease that clinically involves only the brain. Particularly early in the disease, patients can show substantial or complete recovery after individual strokes. Cortical functional reorganization may contribute to limiting disability with such ischemic injury. We sought to test whether the extent of any functional changes in the motor cortex increases with greater brain axonal injury from CADASIL. METHODS Functional MRI (fMRI) was used to characterize cortical activation during a simple hand-tapping task. Disease-associated pathology in subcortical white matter was assessed with the use of conventional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI and MR spectroscopic imaging for measurement of N-acetyl aspartate decreases, a relatively specific measure of axonal injury. RESULTS There was evidence for variable but substantial hyperintense white matter signal in all of the patients with FLAIR imaging. With the use of fMRI, the brain regions activated during motor tasks were similar for the 9 CADASIL patients and 7 controls, except that most (6 of 9) patients showed primary motor cortex activation both ipsilateral and contralateral to the hand moved, a finding in only 1 of 7 healthy controls. Ipsilateral motor cortex activation increased (r=-0.77, P<0.05) and motor cortex activation lateralization index decreased (r=0.68, P<0.02) with greater white matter injury (as assessed from decreases in the relative N-acetyl aspartate concentration) in a region of interest including descending motor fibers of the corticospinal pathway. CONCLUSIONS The extent of functional reorganization of motor cortex increases with increasing axonal injury, consistent with an adaptive role for these changes. Increased functional recruitment of cortex ipsilateral to the limb moved therefore may contribute to limiting motor impairment from the subcortical injury of CADASIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Reddy
- Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Reddy H, Bendahan D, Lee MA, Johansen-Berg H, Donaghy M, Hilton-Jones D, Matthews PM. An expanded cortical representation for hand movement after peripheral motor denervation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002; 72:203-10. [PMID: 11796770 PMCID: PMC1737731 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.72.2.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Functional reorganisation of the motor or sensory cortex has been demonstrated in animals after section of mixed peripheral nerves. Here functional changes in the motor cortex specifically after peripheral motor denervation in humans are investigated. METHODS Functional MRI (fMRI) was used to study brain activation during a finger flexion-extension task in patients with a late onset, acquired pure motor neuropathy (n=6), contrasting results with those from patients with pure sensory neuropathies (n=4) or healthy controls (n=7). RESULTS Increases in the extent of activation in the motor cortex both ipsilateral and contralateral to the hand moved were found in the patients with motor neuropathy. The neuroanatomical localisation of the mixed contralateral sensorimotor cortex activation volume was more posterior for the patients with motor neuropathy than for the healthy controls (mean difference, 12 mm, p<0.05). The pure sensory neuropathy group by contrast showed no change in the extent of activation relative to healthy controls and a trend for more anterior primary sensorimotor cortex activation (p<0.06). To test whether the increased activation volumes found in patients with motor neuropathy were a result simply of factors such as increased effort with movement rather than the motor denervation, patients with hand weakness from inclusion body myositis (n=4) were studied while making similar hand movements. No differences in either the numbers of significantly activated voxels or in their localisation were found relative to healthy controls (n=10). CONCLUSIONS These results provide a novel demonstration that peripheral denervation (as distinguished from factors related to weakness) leads to functional reorganisation of the sensorimotor cortex in the adult brain. This suggests that adaptive responses to motor denervation involve the central as well as the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Reddy
- Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (fMRIB), Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Floyer A, Reddy H, Parry A, Donaghy M, Matthews P. Altered cortical activation with finger movement after peripheral denervation: Comparison of active and passive tasks. Neuroimage 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(01)92133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Reddy H, Floyer A, Donaghy M, Matthews PM. Altered cortical activation with finger movement after peripheral denervation: comparison of active and passive tasks. Exp Brain Res 2001; 138:484-91. [PMID: 11465747 DOI: 10.1007/s002210100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We wished to contrast cortical activation during hand movements in profoundly weak patients with motor neuropathy and in normal controls using a paradigm that is behaviourally matched between the two groups. Previous work has suggested that a passive movement task could be appropriate. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we first characterised patterns of brain activation during active and passive index finger movements in healthy controls (n=10). Although the relative activation differences were highly variable, there was a trend for the mean number of significantly activated voxels in the primary motor cortex contralateral to the hand moved (CMC) to be lower for the passive than for the active task (40% relative decrease, P=0.09). There was a small posterior shift in the centre of mass of the CMC (mean, 8 mm, P<0.02) and of the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex (IMC) (mean, 11 mm, P<0.05). No activation with passive movement was found in the patients with severe distal sensory neuropathy (n=2), suggesting that activation with passive movements is dependent on sensory feedback and unlikely to be due to mental imagery alone. In contrast, patients with severe pure motor neuropathies (MN, n=2) showed substantial increases in the volumes of activation compared to controls. The relative increases in numbers of voxels activated above threshold in different regions of interest for both the active (MN/controls: CMC, 2. 1; IMC, 8.1; supplementary motor area [SMA], 5.2) and passive (CMC, 2.6; IMC, 8.0; SMA, 5.1) tasks were similar. These results confirm expansion of cortical representation for finger movement in patients with motor neuropathy and demonstrate central reorganisation as a consequence of the motor nerve loss. An expanded representation for finger movement in the primary motor cortex with peripheral weakness suggests the possibility that the primary motor cortex may encode motor unit activation rather directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Reddy
- Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, UK
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Sarno S, Reddy H, Meggio F, Ruzzene M, Davies SP, Donella-Deana A, Shugar D, Pinna LA. Selectivity of 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole, an ATP site-directed inhibitor of protein kinase CK2 ('casein kinase-2'). FEBS Lett 2001; 496:44-8. [PMID: 11343704 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The specificity of 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole (TBB), an ATP/GTP competitive inhibitor of protein kinase casein kinase-2 (CK2), has been examined against a panel of 33 protein kinases, either Ser/Thr- or Tyr-specific. In the presence of 10 microM TBB (and 100 microM ATP) only CK2 was drastically inhibited (>85%) whereas three kinases (phosphorylase kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta and cyclin-dependent kinase 2/cyclin A) underwent moderate inhibition, with IC(50) values one--two orders of magnitude higher than CK2 (IC(50)=0.9 microM). TBB also inhibits endogenous CK2 in cultured Jurkat cells. A CK2 mutant in which Val66 has been replaced by alanine is much less susceptible to inhibition by TBB as well as by another ATP competitive inhibitor, emodin. These data show that TBB is a quite selective inhibitor of CK2, that can be used in cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sarno
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padua, Italy
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Reddy H, Harris I, Galle B, Seaquist ER. Continuing medical education. What do Minnesota physicians want? Minn Med 2001; 84:58-61. [PMID: 11269842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Continuing medical education (CME) is necessary for ongoing licensure and is critical in maintaining professional expertise. However, educators may not always consider their students preferences when developing new programs. OBJECTIVE To determine physician preference for the format of CME programs and to learn what factors contribute to selecting a CME activity. DESIGN Survey with 12 multiple response items pertaining to educational objectives, past educational experiences, and demographic information. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1,967 Minnesota physicians were sent the survey; 385 physicians returned surveys within 2 months of mailing date (20% return rate). RESULTS The vast majority of respondents reported participating in traditional CME programs during the preceding two years, and most said they planned to attend a traditional program in the next two years. CONCLUSIONS Minnesota physicians overwhelmingly prefer attending traditional CME programs to participating in more interactive, technology-based activities. Before new technology such as the Internet can be widely used in CME, it must be made attractive to the practicing physician.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Reddy
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, USA
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Lee M, Reddy H, Johansen-Berg H, Pendlebury S, Jenkinson M, Smith S, Palace J, Matthews PM. The motor cortex shows adaptive functional changes to brain injury from multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1531-8249(200005)47:5<606::aid-ana8>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Reddy H, Narayanan S, Arnoutelis R, Jenkinson M, Antel J, Matthews PM, Arnold DL. Evidence for adaptive functional changes in the cerebral cortex with axonal injury from multiple sclerosis. Brain 2000; 123 ( Pt 11):2314-20. [PMID: 11050031 DOI: 10.1093/brain/123.11.2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal injury occurs even in the earliest stages of multiple sclerosis. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) measurements of brain N:-acetylaspartate (NAA), a marker of axonal integrity, show that this axonal injury can occur even in the absence of clinically evident functional impairments. To test whether cortical adaptive responses contribute to the maintenance of normal motor function in patients with multiple sclerosis, we performed MRSI and functional MRI (fMRI) examinations of nine multiple sclerosis patients who had unimpaired hand function. We found that activation of the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex with simple hand movements was increased by a mean of fivefold relative to normal controls (n = 8) and that the extent of this increase was strongly correlated (sigma = -0.93, P = 0.001) with decreases in brain NAA. These results suggest that compensatory cortical adaptive responses may help to account for the limited relationship between conventional MRI measures of lesion burden and clinical measures of disability, and that therapies directed towards promoting cortical reorganization in response to brain injury could enhance recovery from relapses of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Reddy
- Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Abstract
The specificities of 28 commercially available compounds reported to be relatively selective inhibitors of particular serine/threonine-specific protein kinases have been examined against a large panel of protein kinases. The compounds KT 5720, Rottlerin and quercetin were found to inhibit many protein kinases, sometimes much more potently than their presumed targets, and conclusions drawn from their use in cell-based experiments are likely to be erroneous. Ro 318220 and related bisindoylmaleimides, as well as H89, HA1077 and Y 27632, were more selective inhibitors, but still inhibited two or more protein kinases with similar potency. LY 294002 was found to inhibit casein kinase-2 with similar potency to phosphoinositide (phosphatidylinositol) 3-kinase. The compounds with the most impressive selectivity profiles were KN62, PD 98059, U0126, PD 184352, rapamycin, wortmannin, SB 203580 and SB 202190. U0126 and PD 184352, like PD 98059, were found to block the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in cell-based assays by preventing the activation of MAPK kinase (MKK1), and not by inhibiting MKK1 activity directly. Apart from rapamycin and PD 184352, even the most selective inhibitors affected at least one additional protein kinase. Our results demonstrate that the specificities of protein kinase inhibitors cannot be assessed simply by studying their effect on kinases that are closely related in primary structure. We propose guidelines for the use of protein kinase inhibitors in cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Davies
- Division of Signal Transduction Therapy, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
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