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Yamada T, Yagita M, Kobayashi Y, Sennari G, Shimamura H, Matsui H, Horimatsu Y, Hanaki H, Hirose T, O̅mura S, Sunazuka T. Synthesis and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Bottromycins. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7135-7149. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamada
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Miu Yagita
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Goh Sennari
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimamura
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hidehito Matsui
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yuki Horimatsu
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hanaki
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirose
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Satoshi O̅mura
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sunazuka
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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Shimamura H, Breazzano SP, Garfunkle J, Kimball FS, Trzupek JD, Boger DL. Total synthesis of complestatin: development of a Pd(0)-mediated indole annulation for macrocyclization. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:7776-83. [PMID: 20469945 PMCID: PMC2892899 DOI: 10.1021/ja102304p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Full details of the initial development and continued examination of a powerful intramolecular palladium(0)-mediated indole annulation for macrocyclization closure of the strained 16-membered biaryl ring system found in complestatin (1, chloropeptin II) and the definition of factors impacting its intrinsic atropodiastereoselectivity are described. Its examination and use in an alternative, second-generation total synthesis of complestatin are detailed in which the order of the macrocyclization reactions was reversed from our first-generation total synthesis. In this approach and with the ABCD biaryl ether ring system in place, the key Larock cyclization was conducted with substrate 36 (containing four phenols, five secondary amides, one carbamate, and four labile aryl chlorides) and provided the product 37 (56%) exclusively as a single atropisomer (>20:1, detection limits) possessing the natural (R)-configuration. In this instance, the complexity of the substrate and the reverse macrocyclization order did not diminish the atropodiastereoselectivity; rather, it provided an improvement over the 4:1 selectivity that was observed with the analogous substrate used to provide the isolated DEF ring system in our first-generation approach. Just as significant, the atroposelectivity represents a complete reversal of the diasteroselectivity observed with analogous macrocyclizations conducted using a Suzuki biaryl coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Shimamura
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Steven P. Breazzano
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Joie Garfunkle
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - F. Scott Kimball
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - John D. Trzupek
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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Shimamura H, Nakamura T. Investigation of degradation mechanisms in mechanical properties of polyimide films exposed to a low earth orbit environment. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Garfunkle J, Kimball FS, Trzupek JD, Takizawa S, Shimamura H, Tomishima M, Boger DL. Total synthesis of chloropeptin II (complestatin) and chloropeptin I. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:16036-8. [PMID: 19839632 PMCID: PMC2783344 DOI: 10.1021/ja907193b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of chloropeptin II (1, complestatin) is disclosed. Key elements of the approach include the use of an intramolecular Larock indole synthesis for the initial macrocyclization, adopting conditions that permit utilization of a 2-bromoaniline, incorporating a terminal alkyne substituent (-SiEt(3)) that sterically dictates the indole cyclization regioselectivity, and benefiting from an aniline protecting group (-Ac) that enhances the atropdiastereoselectivity and diminishes the strained indole reactivity toward subsequent electrophilic reagents. Not only did this key reaction provide the fully functionalized right-hand ring system of 1 in superb conversion (89%) and good atropdiastereoselectivity (4:1 R:S), but it also represents the first reported example of what will prove to be a useful Larock macrocyclization strategy. Subsequent introduction of the left-hand ring system enlisting an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction for macrocyclization with biaryl ether formation completed the assemblage of the core bicyclic structure of 1. Intrinsic in the design of the approach and by virtue of the single-step acid-catalyzed conversion of chloropeptin II (1) to chloropeptin I (2), the route also provides a total synthesis of 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joie Garfunkle
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Shimamura H, Gouda H, Nagai K, Hirose T, Ichioka M, Furuya Y, Kobayashi Y, Hirono S, Sunazuka T, Ōmura S. Structure Determination and Total Synthesis of Bottromycin A2: A Potent Antibiotic against MRSA and VRE. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200804138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Shimamura H, Gouda H, Nagai K, Hirose T, Ichioka M, Furuya Y, Kobayashi Y, Hirono S, Sunazuka T, Ōmura S. Structure Determination and Total Synthesis of Bottromycin A2: A Potent Antibiotic against MRSA and VRE. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:914-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200804138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] Total synthesis of verticipyrone, a novel NADH-fumarate reductase inhibitor, has been accomplished by a convergent approach using novel "Reverse Julia olefination" method. During total synthetic studies, we also prepared and evaluated several synthetic verticipyrone analogues, some of which exhibited more potent antiparasitic activity than the natural verticipyrone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Shimamura
- School of Infection Control Sciences and Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, and The Kitasato Institute, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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Ui H, Shiomi K, Suzuki H, Hatano H, Morimoto H, Yamaguchi Y, Masuma R, Sunazuka T, Shimamura H, Sakamoto K, Kita K, Miyoshi H, Tomoda H, Omura S. Verticipyrone, a New NADH-fumarate Reductase Inhibitor, Produced by Verticillium sp. FKI-1083. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2006; 59:785-90. [PMID: 17323645 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2006.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new NADH-fumarate reductase inhibitor, verticipyrone, was isolated from the cultured broth of a fungus, Verticillium sp. FKI-1083. The structure was established as (E)-2-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-(3-methyl-2-undecenyl)-4H-pyran-4-one. Verticipyrone exhibited an IC50 value of 0.88 nM against NADH-fumarate reductase of Ascaris suum. Verticipyrone inhibited both Ascaris and bovine heart complex I, and its synthetic analogue, 8,9-dihydro-8-hydroxyverticipyrone, showed good selectivity against Ascaris complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Ui
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infectious Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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Shimamura H, Sunamura M, Tsuchihara K, Egawa S, Takeda K, Matsuno S. Irradiated pancreatic cancer cells undergo both apoptosis and necrosis, and could be phagocytized by dendritic cells. Eur Surg Res 2006; 37:228-34. [PMID: 16260873 DOI: 10.1159/000087868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of immature dendritic cells (DC) with irradiated pancreatic cancer cells was examined. Flow cytometric analysis using annexin V and propidium iodide revealed that ionizing radiation (25-35 Gy X-ray) induced both apoptosis and necrosis in pancreatic cancer cell lines. After irradiation, PK-1 and Panc-1 cells were likely to undergo necrosis, whereas MIAPaCa-2 cells underwent apoptosis. When DiO-stained immature DCs were co-incubated with DiI-stained irradiated MIAPaCa-2, it was observed under fluorescent microscopy that DCs phagocytized dead tumor cells as early as 4 h after co-incubation. The DCs' phagocytosis of irradiated tumor cells was also confirmed by flow cytometry. These results suggest that irradiated pancreatic cancer cells, which undergo both apoptosis and necrosis, could be a good source of tumor-associated antigens for cross-presentation by DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shimamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Shimamura H, Miura H, Iwaki Y, Kubodera T, Matsuoka T, Yuki N, Koga M. Clinical, electrophysiological, and serological overlap between Miller Fisher syndrome and acute sensory ataxic neuropathy. Acta Neurol Scand 2002; 105:411-3. [PMID: 11982496 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0404.2002.01144.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a patient with severe sensory ataxia, areflexia, and ophthalmoplegia with preservation of limb muscle strength. Electrophysiological examinations revealed peripheral sensory nerve involvement. A serological examination showed the elevation of IgG antibodies to various b-series gangliosides as well as GT1a. These indicated that this case is an overlap between acute sensory ataxic neuropathy and Miller Fisher syndrome. Autoantibody is implicated as potential pathogenic agents in some cases of acute sensory ataxic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shimamura
- Fifth Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Ibaraki, Japan
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Yamauchi J, Shibuya K, Sunamura M, Arai K, Shimamura H, Motoi F, Takeda K, Matsuno S. Cytokine modulation in acute pancreatitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2001; 8:195-203. [PMID: 11455479 DOI: 10.1007/s005340170016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2000] [Accepted: 12/28/2000] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The clinical manifestations of acute pancreatitis (AP) vary significantly from mild to lethal in form, the severity of the disease being largely determined by the actions of various kinds of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, reactive oxygen species, proteolytic enzymes, and lipids, as well as gaseous mediators. Despite increasing knowledge implicating the involvement of cytokines in the progression of AP, no clinical trials pertaining to cytokine modulation have been performed so far. Progress in intensive care technologies has contributed to the improvement of mortality and morbidity rates in severe AP in the past decade; however, it appears to be reasonable for clinicians to "line up their sights" on the modulation of cytokines as a direct treatment. In contrast to the large body of experimental studies demonstrating the beneficial effects of cytokine modulation on the amelioration of the disease, direct extrapolation from these successful experiments to the clinical situation seems to be extremely difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yamauchi
- The First Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Postgraduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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Yamauchi J, Shibuya K, Sunamura M, Arai K, Shimamura H, Motoi F, Takeda K, Matsuno S. Cytokine modulation in acute pancreatitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2001. [PMID: 11455479 DOI: 10.1007/s0053410080195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The clinical manifestations of acute pancreatitis (AP) vary significantly from mild to lethal in form, the severity of the disease being largely determined by the actions of various kinds of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, reactive oxygen species, proteolytic enzymes, and lipids, as well as gaseous mediators. Despite increasing knowledge implicating the involvement of cytokines in the progression of AP, no clinical trials pertaining to cytokine modulation have been performed so far. Progress in intensive care technologies has contributed to the improvement of mortality and morbidity rates in severe AP in the past decade; however, it appears to be reasonable for clinicians to "line up their sights" on the modulation of cytokines as a direct treatment. In contrast to the large body of experimental studies demonstrating the beneficial effects of cytokine modulation on the amelioration of the disease, direct extrapolation from these successful experiments to the clinical situation seems to be extremely difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yamauchi
- The First Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Postgraduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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Terada Y, Inoshita S, Hanada S, Shimamura H, Kuwahara M, Ogawa W, Kasuga M, Sasaki S, Marumo F. Hyperosmolality activates Akt and regulates apoptosis in renal tubular cells. Kidney Int 2001; 60:553-67. [PMID: 11473638 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.060002553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel serine-threonine kinase Akt is a critical enzyme in cell survival. We investigated the roles of the Akt pathway and apoptotic signals in (1) Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells in a hyperosmotic condition in vitro and (2) in the inner medulla of dehydrated rat in vivo. METHODS The in vivo experiments were performed in 24- and 48-hour water-restricted rats. Hyperosmolality-stimulated Akt phosphorylation was examined in MDCK cells. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) inhibitors, the dominant-negative mutant of PI3-K, the dominant-negative mutant of Akt, and the dominant-active form of Akt were used to examine the roles of the PI3-K/Akt pathways in renal tubular cell apoptosis. RESULTS The amount of phosphorylated Akt protein was increased in the inner medulla of dehydrated rats. Hyperosmolality induced by the addition of NaCl, urea, and raffinose phosphorylated Akt in MDCK cells in an osmolality-dependent manner. PI3-K inhibitors and the dominant-negative mutant of PI3-K inhibited the hyperosmolality-induced phosphorylation of Akt. Raising the media osmolality from a normal level to 500 or 600 mOsm/kg H2O final osmolality elicited apoptotic changes such as nucleosomal laddering of DNA and an increment of caspase-3 activity and increased activity in the cell death enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Dominant-active Akt prevented the mild hyperosmolality-induced apoptosis, while inhibition of the PI3-K/Akt pathways promoted apoptosis. CONCLUSION The Akt pathway is activated by hyperosmolality in vitro and in vivo, and activation of Akt prevents the mild hyperosmolality-induced apoptotic changes in MDCK cells. PI3-K/Akt pathways are involved in a hypertonic condition that confers the balance between cell survival and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Terada
- Homeostasis Medicine and Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Miura H, Itoh M, Shimamura H, Matsuoka T. [Pachymeningitis with autonomic dysfunctions: a case report]. No To Shinkei 2001; 53:753-7. [PMID: 11577418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
A 67-year-old man temporarily complained of hearing loss and earache in the left side. Afterwards, hearing impairment in the right, pharyngalgia, dysphagia, and ipsilateral facial weakness occurred, however, otological treatments did not completely improve these symptoms except facial weakness. On admission neurological examination revealed right cranial nerve palsies(IX, X, XII), and severe orthostatic hypotension was noted one month after admission. Cerebrospinal fluid revealed pleocytosis(16/mm3), and increased protein level(91 mg/dl), but bacterial, and tuberculotic cultures were negative. Cranial and neck magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium administration showed diffuse dural thickening. Autonomic dysfunctions were found in cardiovascular and pupillary systems. Plasma noradrenaline level was normal in supine position but noradrenaline infusion test showed denervation hypersensitivity. Additionally pupils showed hypersensitivity to 1.25% epinephrine. These results suggest that lesions were post-ganglionic afferent fibers in both cardiovascular and pupillary systems. Administration of corticosteroid hormone resulted in dramatic improvement of his clinical symptoms including autonomic dysfunctions. Circulation disorder or infiltration of the inflammatory cells to the autonomic nervous system may be the cause of these dysfunctions in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Miura
- Department of 5th Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
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Ding L, Sunamura M, Kodama T, Yamauchi J, Duda DG, Shimamura H, Shibuya K, Takeda K, Matsuno S. In vivo evaluation of the early events associated with liver metastasis of circulating cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2001; 85:431-8. [PMID: 11487277 PMCID: PMC2364062 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of metastasis formation remains still largely unknown. Many studies underline the importance and complexity of the initial arrest of the circulating tumour cells in the target organ, a key stage in metastasis occurrence. In our study, we evaluated by visual means the metastasis formation using an in vivo microscopy system in a murine model. Moreover, we investigated the involvement of P-selectin in these processes using immunohistochemistry and P-selectin knockout mice. The present study offers direct evidence of distinct pathways for tumour metastasis formation by a lymphoma cell - EL-4 and a solid tumour cell - C26. Off-line analysis of the images and histological data confirmed that mechanical entrapment of the solid tumour cell, which had a bigger diameter than that of the liver sinusoids, promoted metastasis without any detectable involvement of adhesion molecules. On the other hand, we observed that lymphoma cells, in spite of their smaller diameter as compared to the sinusoids, promoted liver metastasis as well, but with the essential participation in their arrest of P-selectin, indicating an adhesion molecule-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ding
- First Department of Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Seiryo-cho 1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
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Kanda E, Shimamura H, Tamura H, Uchida S, Terada Y, Sakamoto H, Kuwabara M, Akiba T, Ida T, Sasaki S, Marumo F. IgA nephropathy with complement deficiency. Intern Med 2001; 40:52-5. [PMID: 11201372 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.40.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We treated a female patient suffering from immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy and congenital deficiency of the ninth component of the complement system (C9). She was admitted with hematuria and proteinuria, and the C9 deficiency was diagnosed based on the low hemolytic activity of 50 % of the hemolytic unit of the complements (CH50) and the normal C3 level in the plasma. Renal biopsy revealed mild mesangial proliferation, and immunofluorescence examination revealed mild mesangial deposits of IgA and C3 with the same distribution. We discuss the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy and the role of the complements in its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kanda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University School of Medicine
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Miura H, Tsuchiya K, Kubodera T, Shimamura H, Matsuoka T. [An autopsy case of pure autonomic failure with pathological features of Parkinson's disease]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2001; 41:40-4. [PMID: 11433766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Pure autonomic failure (PAF) is an uncommon disorder, characterized by autonomic failure without other neurological deficits. We report here an autopsy case of pure autonomic failure with pathological features of Parkinson's disease. At age 79, the patient developed slowly progressive severe orthostatic hypotension, followed by decreased sweating and constipation. On admission, his blood pressure dropped after standing (from 133/97 to 71/22 mmHg) without tachycardia. Neurological examination revealed neither parkinsonism, nor cerebellar symptoms. Supine plasma norepinephrine levels were low and intravenous norepinephrine administration showed denervation hypersensitivity. He was diagnosed as having PAF and treated by amezinium, midodrine, L-threodops, and fludrocortisone with elastic stockings but without any effects. He died of pneumonia about 2 years after the onset of the disease. Postmortem study revealed Lewy bodies in the nucleus basalis of Meynert, substantia nigra. Edinger-Westphal nucleus, locus ceruleus, and dorsal vagal nucleus. Neuronal loss was found in above-mentioned sites, except for Edinger-Westphal nucleus and intermediolateral nucleus. This is a rare and important report on a patient with PAF who satisfied the strict clinical criteria on PAF reported in 1996, and showed neuropathological findings, consistent with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Miura
- Department of 5th Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University
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Shimamura H, Iwagaki H, Gouchi A, Morimoto Y, Ariki N, Funaki M, Tanaka N. Autologous serum deprivation restored IL-1 receptor antagonist production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with gastric cancer. J Int Med Res 2000; 28:277-87. [PMID: 11191721 DOI: 10.1177/147323000002800604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been established that cancer patients have immunosuppressive substances in their sera that depress cellular immunity. Although plasma exchanges have been attempted to remove these substances and to improve immunity to cancer, little is known about its mechanism from the viewpoint of cytokine pattern. The levels of the cytokines, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1beta, interleukin 6, interferon-gamma and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were determined simultaneously by the whole-blood assay and the PBMC assay in 20 patients with gastric cancer and in 10 healthy volunteers. In both assays the cytokine levels were lower in patients with cancer compared with healthy controls, with the exception of IL-1ra. In the PBMC assay, the IL-1ra level in cancer patients was significantly higher than that in controls. No statistical correlation between the cytokine levels determined by the two assays was found. We suggest that autologous serum deprivation restored and enhanced IL-1ra production, and normalized the cytokine cascade in immune response, in patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shimamura
- First Department of Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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Funaki M, Gouchi A, Iwagaki H, Morimoto Y, Shimamura H, Ariki N, Tanaka N. Biochemical modulation of 5-fluorouracil with a streptococcal preparation, OK-432, against murine colon-26 carcinoma. Acta Med Okayama 2000; 54:217-25. [PMID: 11061571 DOI: 10.18926/amo/32297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Conventional therapy for colorectal carcinoma using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has shown limited antitumor action. The purpose of our study was to investigate synergistic antitumor effects of the streptococcal preparation of OK-432 and 5-FU, and to elucidate the mechanisms of interaction between the 2 agents in mice. Biochemical modulation of OK-432 and 5-FU were determined in vivo against colon-26 carcinoma. The concentration of 5-FU and its metabolites, and the activity of thymidylate synthase and thymidine kinase, respectively, were measured using cytosolic extracts of the tumors. Combination treatment with OK-432 produced a significant increase in intratumor 5-FU and 5-FU in RNA (F-RNA) concentrations, increased the thymidylate synthetase inhibition rate, and decreased thymidine kinase activity, as compared with the results observed in the control mice. These additive antitumor effects are obtained by use of the 2 agents; the mechanism of action is considered to be the suppression of both the de novo and the salvage pathway for DNA synthesis, along with the suppression of RNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Funaki
- Department of Surgery I, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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Miyazawa M, Shimamura H, Nakamura SI, Sugiura W. Suppression of furylfuramide-induced SOS response by acetophenones using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 umu test. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48:4377-4380. [PMID: 10995366 DOI: 10.1021/jf990631g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The recently isolated paeonol (2-hydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone), as one of the antimutagenic compounds from Discorea japonica, was used as a lead compound for detailed structure-activity relationship studies. Nine acetophenones (2-hydroxy-4-methoxy, 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy, 2-hydroxy-6-methoxy, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy, o-methoxy, m-methoxy, p-methoxy, and 2,5-dimethoxyacetophenone and acetophenone) were investigated for their ability of suppression of furylfuramide-induced SOS response using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 in the umu test, against the mutagen, 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (furylfuramide). The results showed that 2-hydroxy-6-methoxyacetophenone displayed the strongest activity (EC(50) = 0.6 micromol/mL), and a hydroxyl group at C-2 is necessary feature for acetophenone derivatives to show the suppressive effects of furylfuramide-induced SOS response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miyazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Kowakae, Higashiosaka-shi, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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Akiba T, Ota T, Fushimi K, Shimamura H, Tamura H, Sasaki S, Marumo F. Water channel AQP-1 in the primary cell culture of rat peritoneum. Adv Perit Dial 2000; 15:3-6. [PMID: 10682062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the regulation of water channels in the peritoneum, we tried to establish a primary mesothelial cell culture system. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 250 g were anesthetized, and 10 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 0.25% trypsin and 1 mmol/L ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) was infused into the peritoneal cavity for 15 minutes. Sediments from the recovered fluid were cultured in medium M199 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The culture was succeeded 4-6 times before experiments commenced. After exposure to the test medium, RNA was extracted and subjected to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for 10-19 cycles, then was measured by Southern blot analysis with a digoxin-labeled probe. Cultured cells were positively stained with mouse monoclonal anti-cytokeratin antibody, confirming their characteristics as mesothelial cells. Aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) message in the cultured cells increased with increases in glucose and mannitol concentrations when beta-actin message was used as an internal control. Tranexamic acid effected no change in AQP-1 message in the cultured mesothelial cells. This system offers potential as a simple approach to test the effects of osmolytes, cytokines, and vasoactive hormones on aquaporin expression and water transport in the peritoneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akiba
- Department of Blood Purification, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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23
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Sunamura M, Sun L, Lozonschi L, Duda DG, Kodama T, Matsumoto G, Shimamura H, Takeda K, Kobari M, Hamada H, Matsuno S. The antiangiogenesis effect of interleukin 12 during early growth of human pancreatic cancer in SCID mice. Pancreas 2000; 20:227-33. [PMID: 10766447 DOI: 10.1097/00006676-200004000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine that exerts a potent antitumor effect through its pleiotropic actions. It was recently reported that IL-12 has also a potent antiangiogenic effect through the induction of IFN-gamma, which triggers the production of chemokines such as IP-10 that has been shown to have antiangiogenesis properties. In this study we transfected the IL-12 gene into a human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line (PK-1). PK-1 cells transfected with the green fluorescence protein (gfp) gene were used as positive controls. The in vitro growth curve and in vivo tumor growth of transfectants (IL-12/PK-1 and gfp/PK-1) were compared with those of parental cells. The SCID mice used in this study were administered antiasialo GM-1 Ab (100 microg, i.p., twice weekly) to deplete the remaining immunoeffector cells, NK cells. Using a skinfold chamber model, we observed and recorded tumor angiogenesis by intravital microscopy. In vitro growth of IL-12/PK-1 and gfp/PK-1 cells was not different from that of wild-type PK-1 cells (wt/PK-1). However, IL-12 transfected PK-1 cells did not develop into tumors as did the wt/PK-1 cells after subcutaneous inoculation in antiasialo GM-1 Ab administered SCID mice. The growth of IL-12/PK-1 tumors was restored in mice treated with anti-IL-12 antibody. We found that IL-12/PK-1, in contrast to gfp/PK-1 and wt/PK-1, failed to initiate an angiogenic response, as observed in the skinfold chamber model. These results indicate that the antiangiogenesis effect of IL-12 alone, without immune system involvement, is sufficient to block the growth of human pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sunamura
- First Department of Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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Duda DG, Sunamura M, Lozonschi L, Kodama T, Egawa S, Matsumoto G, Shimamura H, Shibuya K, Takeda K, Matsuno S. Direct in vitro evidence and in vivo analysis of the antiangiogenesis effects of interleukin 12. Cancer Res 2000; 60:1111-6. [PMID: 10706132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
As an antitumor agent, interleukin-12 (IL-12) has been revealed to be a key regulator of the immune response, particularly that involving CTL and natural killer (NK) cells. We report herein the antiangiogenesis effect of IL-12 on human as well as murine tumors in NK-depleted severe-combined immunodeficient mice using fibroblasts genetically engineered to secrete this cytokine. Although the in vitro growth of tumor cells was not affected by the presence of IL-12, coinoculation of IL-12-secreting fibroblasts strongly inhibited tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. The neovascularization surrounding the tumor was remarkably inhibited in the area in which the IL-12-secreting fibroblasts were implanted, resulting in the suppression of tumor growth. Lectin staining in tumor sample sections also showed a significant reduction in the number of vessels. The RNA expression of IFN-gamma and its inducible antiangiogenic chemokine IFN gamma-inducible protein 10 was stimulated in endothelial cells cultured with IL-12. It was also found that IL-12 down-regulated the expression of the endothelial cell mitogens vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. The antitumor effects of IL-12 were accompanied by interesting histological changes consisting of a high degree of keratinization and apoptosis and a decrease in the proliferation rate of human tumors and extensive necrosis in the murine ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Duda
- First Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Medical School, Sendai, Japan
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Tanosaki M, Ozaki I, Shimamura H, Baba M, Matsunaga M. Effects of aging on central conduction in somatosensory evoked potentials: evaluation of onset versus peak methods. Clin Neurophysiol 1999; 110:2094-103. [PMID: 10616114 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(99)00193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate effects of aging on peripheral and central somatosensory conduction, and evaluate onset-to-onset and peak-to-peak measurements of each component and central conduction time (CCT) in somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). METHODS We recorded SEPs with non-cephalic reference from the Erb's point, the posterior (cv 6) and anterior neck, and scalp (Fz and P4) after left median nerve stimulation in 138 normal subjects aged between 20 and 78 years. We determined onset or peak latencies of the Erb's potential (N9), the spinal N13-P13 in cv 6-to-anterior neck montage and the N20-P20 in scalp leads. Onset CCT was defined as a transit time from N13-P13 onset to N20-P20 onset. In each subject, interpeak latencies of the 'N13' component in cv 6-to-Fz montage and the N20-P20 in P4-to-Fz montage were also defined as conventional peak CCT. RESULTS Using multiregression analysis, we found that the onset or peak latencies of each SEP component were correlated with the subject's height and age. So were the onset CCTs: Onset CCT (in ms) = 2.549+2.041x(height in meters) + 0.005 x (age in years) (P<0.0001). The conventional peak CCTs as well as onset-to-peak durations of the N20-P20 were correlated with the subject's age but not height: Peak CCT(in ms) = 5.458+0.012x (age in years) (P<0.0005). CONCLUSION Conductive function is affected by normal aging in the central as well as peripheral somatosensory pathways. The peak CCT is more affected by aging than the onset CCT. However, the onset-to-peak duration of the N20-P20 increased by 0.8 ms between the 4th and 7th decades, suggesting that the peak CCT increase in older people reflects the age-related changes in N20-P20 profile but not in the fastest central conduction. We therefore conclude that the onset CCT measurement is preferable to the peak CCT measurement when assessing the central somatosensory conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tanosaki
- Third Department of Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Japan
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26
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Kobari M, Egawa S, Shibuya K, Shimamura H, Sunamura M, Takeda K, Matsuno S, Furukawa T. Intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas comprise 2 clinical subtypes: differences in clinical characteristics and surgical management. Arch Surg 1999; 134:1131-6. [PMID: 10522860 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.134.10.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Intraductal papillary mucinous tumors (IPMTs) of the pancreas may be meaningfully construed as representing 2 clinically distinct subtypes: main duct tumors (MDT) and branch duct tumors (BDT). DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING University hospital from January 1988 through December 1994. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION We reviewed diagnostic findings and late results of surgical treatment in 30 patients with IPMT. RESULTS The tumor was located in the head of the pancreas more often in BDT than in MDT (65% [11/17] and 23% [3/13], respectively). Of the 13 patients with MDTs, 12 (92%) had intraductal papillary adenocarcinoma (noninvasive and minimally invasive types) and/or carcinoma in situ (carcinoma in situ: low papillary and/or flat tumor cells), and 3 (23%) had stromal invasion. Of the 17 patients with BDTs, 5 (29%) had intraductal papillary adenocarcinoma and/or carcinoma in situ. Two pancreatoduodenectomies and 8 pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomies were performed in 10 of the 17 patients with BDTs, distal pancreatectomy in 7 patients with MDTs, and total pancreatectomy in 4 patients with MDTs. The 5-year survival rates were 47% for MDT and 90% for BDT. Four of 6 patients with MDTs who died had local recurrence. One patient died of liver metastasis and 1 of esophageal cancer. Only 1 patient with BDT of the 2 who died had recurrent disease. CONCLUSIONS Intraductal papillary mucinous tumors may be composed of 2 clinically distinct subtypes: MDTs and BDTs. Initially, although distal pancreatectomy can be recommended for most MDTs, the need for cancer-free margins in this more aggressive type may necessitate total pancreatectomy. Pylorus-perserving pancreatoduodenectomies is recommended for most BDTs, but, because these tumors are more often adenomas, a good prognosis can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kobari
- First Department of Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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27
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Miyazawa M, Shimamura H, Nakamura S, Sugiura W, Kosaka H, Kameoka H. Moscatilin from Dendrobium nobile, a naturally occurring bibenzyl compound with potential antimutagenic activity. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47:2163-2167. [PMID: 10552513 DOI: 10.1021/jf970930a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A bibenzyl compound that possesses antimutagenic activity was isolated from the storage stem of Dendrobium nobile. The isolated compound suppressed the expression of the umu gene following the induction of SOS response in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 that have been treated with various mutagens. The suppressive compound was mainly localized in the n-hexane extract fraction of the processed D. nobile. This n-hexane fraction was further fractionated by silica gel column chromatography, which resulted in the purification and subsequent identification of the suppressive compound. EI-MS and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy were then used to delineate the structure of the compound that confers the observed antimutagenic activity. Comparison of the obtained spectrum with that found in the literature indicated that moscatilin is the secondary suppressive compound. When using 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (furylfuramide) as the mutagen, moscatilin suppressed 85% of the umu gene expression compared to the controls at <0.73 micromol/mL, with an ID(50) value of 0.41 micromol/mL. Additionally, moscatilin was tested for its ability to suppress the mutagenic activity of other well-known mutagens such as 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), UV irradiation, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3b]indole (Trp-P-1), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)). With all of the aforementioned chemicals or treatments, moscatilin showed a dramatic reduction in their mutagenic potential. Interestingly, moscatilin almost completely suppressed (97%) the AFB(1)-induced SOS response at concentrations <0.73 micromol/mL, with an ID(50) of 0.08 micromol/mL. Finally, the antimutagenic activities of moscatilin against furylfuramide and Trp-P-1 were assayed by the Ames test using the S. typhimurium TA100 strain. The results those experiments indicated that moscatilin demonstrated a dramatic suppression of the mutagenicity of only Trp-P-1 but not furylfuramide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miyazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kinki University, Kowakae, Osaka, Japan.
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28
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Matsumoto G, Sunamura M, Shimamura H, Kodama T, Hashimoto W, Kobari M, Kato K, Takeda K, Yagita H, Okumura K, Hamada H, Matsuno S. Adjuvant immunotherapy using fibroblasts genetically engineered to secrete interleukin 12 prevents recurrence after surgical resection of established tumors in a murine adenocarcinoma model. Surgery 1999; 125:257-64. [PMID: 10076609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore effective therapeutic strategy against cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, tumor vaccination using fibroblasts secreting interleukin-12 (IL-12) was developed as an adjuvant therapy against murine tumor after surgical resection. METHODS Initially, IL-12 was genetically engineered into fibroblasts (IL-12/3T3 cells), and then we evaluated in vivo and in vitro antitumor effects. In the vaccination model, irradiated C-26 tumor mass was reinoculated intradermally with IL-12/3T3 cells in mice as a tumor vaccine to examine how much it suppresses tumor recurrence. RESULTS IL-12/3T3 cells producing 7.2 ng/10(6) cells/24 h murine IL-12 in vitro exerted dose-dependent potent tumor suppression when coinoculated with C-26 cells in vivo. Specific immunity was also acquired in 63% of mice in vivo. In the vaccination model, protective immunity was developed in 70% of mice that were inoculated with irradiated tumor mass and IL-12/3T3 cells. In addition, local recurrence was not observed in vaccinated mice, although 44% of control mice had recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Coinoculation of genetically engineered fibroblasts secreting IL-12 with irradiated tumor mass was proved to be an effective tumor vaccine. This system of vaccination is easily applicable to clinical situations, particularly to human gastrointestinal tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Matsumoto
- First Department of Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Sunamura M, Egawa S, Shibuya K, Shimamura H, Takeda K, Kobari M, Matsuno S. [Therapeutic strategy for the recurrence of pancreatic cancer following pancreatectomy]. Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1999; 100:200-5. [PMID: 10331219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that the patients with pancreatic cancer are vulnerable for recurrence such as local relapse and liver metastasis after surgical resection. We revealed that a patient with local relapse without liver metastasis showed better prognosis as compared with a patient having liver metastasis. We usually adapt further therapeutic intervention for local recurrence using external radiation therapy accompanied with 5FU infusion as a radiosensitizer, if the patient is not revealed with liver metastasis. On the other hand, there is no effective intervention for liver metastasis accompanying pancreatic cancer, as small lesions of multiple liver metastases progress rapidly. We insert the tip of catheter in proper hepatic artery in order to infuse MMC once a week at outpatient clinic. However, we were not yet able to evaluate the effect of arterial infusion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sunamura
- First Department of Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Aikawa K, Matsumoto K, Uda H, Tanaka S, Shimamura H, Aramaki Y, Tsuchiya S. Prolonged release of drug from O/w emulsion and residence in rat nasal cavity. Pharm Dev Technol 1998; 3:461-9. [PMID: 9834948 DOI: 10.3109/10837459809028627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the usefulness of an o/w emulsion for slowing the release of chlorpheniramine maleate (CM) and prolonging drug residence in the nasal cavity. O/w emulsion formulations of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) were prepared, and their physicochemical properties and drug release kinetics were evaluated using the in vitro dialysis tube method. Drug disappearance from the rat nasal cavity was determined in in situ nasal experiments. CM partitioned in oil droplets by pH, as predicted by pH partition theory. With higher MCT concentration and pH, slower release of CM was observed. CM disappearance (kapp) from the rat nasal cavity was influenced by the amount of drug partitioned in the oil droplets with both the perfusion and deposit methods, and the kapp of CM decreased with increase in MCT concentration and pH. Moreover, with the deposit method, CM remaining in the nasal cavity exhibited a biphasic profile of disappearance, which complied with a saturated process. Because a very small portion of MCT might be adsorbed and formed a pseudooily layer on the mucous membranes, prolongation of CM residence on the mucous membrane was attained. These findings suggest that emulsion containing 30% MCT at pH 8 may be useful for inclusion in controlled-release formulations of CM for intranasal drug delivery in the treatment of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aikawa
- Health Science R&D Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
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31
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Aikawa K, Uda H, Tanaka S, Shimamura H, Tsuchiya S. Evaluation of drug disappearance from nasal cavity by the deposit method. Drug Des Discov 1998; 15:233-8. [PMID: 10546068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate antiallergic intranasal formulations, the rates of drug disappearance from rat nasal cavity were estimated by the deposit and perfusion methods. The deposit method, which estimates changes in the amount of residual drug in the nasal cavity following washout of the deposited drug over time after application, yielded a good correlation between apparent disappearance rate constant and the combination of lipophilicity and molecular weight. Since the deposit method can be used only with delivery of small amounts of drug to the nasal cavity, the physiological characteristics of the nasal membrane readily affect drug disposition in tests performed with it, and adsorptive drugs such as parabens exhibited rapid disappearance. Doses used clinically for intranasal administration are usually small, and in the case of antiallergic formulations, it is important to maintain the drug concentration in the nasal mucous membrane. The deposit method should be useful for evaluating intranasal antiallergic drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aikawa
- Research Center, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
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32
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Miyazawa M, Okuno Y, Oshiro K, Kasahara H, Shimamura H, Nakamura S, Kameoka H. Suppression of the SOS-inducing activity of Trp-P-1 and aflatoxin B1 by meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid from Machilus thunbergii in the Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 umu test. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1998; 62:1425-7. [PMID: 9720227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The methanol extract from Machilus thunbergii showed a suppressive effect on umu gene expression of the SOS response in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 against the mutagen, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1), which requires liver metabolizing enzymes. The methanol extract from M. thunbergii was successively re-extracted with chloroform, butanol and water. A suppressive compound in the chloroform extract fraction was isolated by SiO2 column chromatography and identified as meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid by GC-MS, and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid inhibited of the SOS-inducing activity of Trp-P-1 in the umu test. Gene expression was suppressed by 62% at less than 0.18 mumol/ml, the ID50 value being 0.08 mumol/ml. Compound 1 was also assayed with aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) and showed a suppressive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miyazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University Kowakae, Osaka, Japan
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Aikawa K, Mitsutake N, Uda H, Tanaka S, Shimamura H, Aramaki Y, Tsuchiya S. Drug release from pH-response polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate hydrogel, and application to nasal delivery. Int J Pharm 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(98)00096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Shimamura H, Akasaka S, Kubo K, Saito Y, Nakajima S, Tano K, Utsumi H, Yamamoto K. Mutational specificity of the ferrous ion in a supF gene of endonuclease III/VIII deficient Escherichia coli. J Radiat Res 1997; 38:165-171. [PMID: 9415748 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.38.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
When 125 microM Fe2+/EDTA treated plasmid pUB3 was used to transfect an Escherichia coli NKJ2004 (nth nei) host, which is totally defective in glycosylases for thymine glycol and 5-hydroxycytosine, a 3.7 fold increase in mutation frequency was observed. Among 46 supF mutants sequenced, 28 had base substitutions, with G:C-->C:G transversion predominant (14 cases), followed by G:C-->T:A transversion (6 cases) and G:C-->A:T transition (6 cases). The results are consistent with our previous Fe2+ mutagenesis results where, in the wild type host, 78% were base substitutions, with G:C-->C:G transversion (59%) predominant, followed by G:C-->T:A transversion (28%) and G:C-->A:T transition (11%). Treatment of pUB3 DNA with Fe2+/EDTA did not yield formation of Endonuclease III sensitive sites. The possibility of 5-hydroxycytosine as the causative lesion for Fe2+ induced G:C-->C:G transversion is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shimamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
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35
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Shimamura H, Suzuki H, Tagaya O, Horie T, Sugiyama Y. Biliary excretion of glycyrrhizin in rats: kinetic basis for multiplicity in bile canalicular transport of organic anions. Pharm Res 1996; 13:1833-7. [PMID: 8987080 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016033124819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the presence of multiplicity for the biliary excretion of xenobiotic conjugates, we studied the disposition of glycyrrhizin (GR), which has glucuronide within its molecular structure and has the ability to inhibit the biliary excretion of liquiritigenin (LG) glucuronides. METHODS GR was administered intravenously as a bolus to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats which received an i.v. infusion of inhibitors (dibromosulfophthalein (DBSP) and indocyanine green (ICG)) at their transport maximum rates. Biliary excretion of GR was also examined in Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats (EHBR), which have a hereditary defect in the canalicular transport system of several organic anions. RESULTS Infusion of ICG did not affect the biliary excretion of GR, whereas infusion of DBSP reduced it significantly. The plasma concentration of GR was increased by DBSP but not by ICG. In EHBR, the biliary excretion of GR was severely impaired, resulting in an increase in the plasma concentration of GR. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest (1) that the biliary excretion of GR is mediated by the system which is shared by DBSP and LG glucuronides but not by ICG and (2) that this system is hereditarily defective in EHBR. Together with our previous findings, the multiplicity for the biliary excretion of organic anions is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shimamura
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Laboratory, Kanebo Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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36
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Ozaki I, Takada H, Shimamura H, Baba M, Matsunaga M. Central conduction in somatosensory evoked potentials: comparison of ulnar and median data and evaluation of onset versus peak methods. Neurology 1996; 47:1299-304. [PMID: 8909446 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.47.5.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare central conduction in ulnar and median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), we recorded SEPs from the neck and scalp elicited by median and ulnar nerve stimulation in 46 normal young adults. We determined the central conduction time (CCT) in each subject from peak-to-peak and onset-to-onset measurements. The mean value of the onset CCT for the ulnar nerve SEP was 6.2 +/- 0.3 msec, and for the median nerve SEP, 5.9 +/- 0.3 msec. Onset CCT was significantly longer for the ulnar nerve SEP, and there was a significant correlation between onset CCT in both median and ulnar nerve SEPs and subject height. In contrast, the mean value of the "conventional" peak CCT for the ulnar nerve SEP was 5.6 +/- 0.6 msec, and for the median nerve SEP, 5.8 +/- 0.5 msec, with no significant difference between them. In addition, the peak CCT was not correlated with subject height in the ulnar or median nerve SEPs. Our findings suggest that onset CCT measurement is superior to the conventional peak CCT measurement for ulnar as well as median nerve SEPs, and confirm that the central conduction pathway for the ulnar nerve SEP is slightly longer than that for the median nerve SEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ozaki
- Third Department of Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Japan
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Kimura Y, Kobari M, Yusa T, Sunamura M, Kimura M, Shimamura H, Matsuno S. Establishment of an experimental liver metastasis model by intraportal injection of a newly derived human pancreatic cancer cell line (KLM-1). Int J Pancreatol 1996; 20:43-50. [PMID: 8872523 DOI: 10.1007/bf02787375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
CONCLUSION It is suggested that this liver metastasis model formed by a highly metastatic variant (KLM-1) is valuable for the study of the liver metastatic processes of human pancreatic cancer. BACKGROUND Liver metastasis in the early postoperative period is one of the causes for the poor prognosis of patients with resected pancreatic cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an experimental model to study the mechanisms of liver metastasis in pancreatic cancer. METHODS Human pancreatic cancer cell lines (PK-1, PK-9, and KLM-1) were injected into the portal vein of nude mice with or without pretreatment with antiasialo GM1, and colonies of liver metastases were counted for comparison of metastatic ability of these cell lines. Biological and histopathological characteristics of the highly liver metastatic cell line (KLM-1) were compared with its parent cell line (PK-1). RESULTS PK-1 cells and PK-9 cells rarely formed liver metastasis foci, but pretreatment with antiasialo GM1 promoted liver metastasis. KLM-1 cells formed liver metastases at the rate of 70% even without antiasialo GM1 pretreatment. KLM-1 cells had such biological characteristics as short doubling time, short lag phase, and resistance to NK cytotoxicity. After intraportal injection of 125I-labeled KLM-1 cells, radioactivity as well as micrometastases were detected in the liver at 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kimura
- First Department of Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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38
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Nagai N, Kawakubo T, Kaneko F, Ishii M, Shinohara R, Saito Y, Shimamura H, Ohnishi A, Ogata H. Pharmacokinetics and polymorphic oxidation of dextromethorphan in a Japanese population. Biopharm Drug Dispos 1996; 17:421-33. [PMID: 8830977 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-081x(199607)17:5<421::aid-bdd421>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The plasma concentration and cumulative urinary excretion over 34 h of dextromethorphan, free and conjugated dextrorphan, and 3-hydroxymorphinan were determined in seven healthy Japanese subjects after oral administration of 30 mg dextromethorphan hydrobromide. Conjugated metabolites were extensively present, whereas no detectable dextromethorphan or free metabolites were observed in the plasma of any subject. On average, 72% of the dose was excreted in urine within 34 h. This was detected mainly as conjugated metabolites with only slight traces of dextromethorphan and free metabolites. From the time-courses of the metabolic ratio (the ratio of urinary output of dextromethorphan to dextrorphan), the metabolic ratios seemed to become constant 7.5 h after oral administration. Phenotyping was performed using metabolic ratios in 75 unrelated healthy Japanese subjects (43 males and 32 females). The logarithmic metabolic ratio was bimodally distributed and one subject (1.3%) was identified as a poor metabolizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nagai
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji College of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
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39
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Shimamura H, Baba M, Ozaki I, Matsunaga M, Onuma T. Delayed somatosensory conduction in acute painful neuropathy of diabetes. Eur J Neurol 1996; 3:264-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.1996.tb00433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Hamazaki K, Gochi A, Shimamura H, Kaihara A, Maruo Y, Doi Y, Orita K, Lygidakis NJ. Serum levels of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology 1996; 43:229-34. [PMID: 8682469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This is a comparative study of the relationship between. MATERIAL AND METHODS Serum levels of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (cICAM-1) were measured by ELISA assay in four patients with chronic hepatitis (CH), 16 with liver cirrhosis (LC), 38 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and in nine healthy controls. RESULTS No significant difference in cICAM-1 levels was observed between LC and HCC. The cICAM-1 level in HCC did not correlate with tumor markers but correlated well with tumor size. cICAM-1 level in HCC Stage III + IV was significantly higher than that of Stage I, and was higher in HCC with liver metastasis as opposed to HCC without metastasis. Furthermore, the cICAM-1 level of HCC decreased significantly after hepatectomy. CONCLUSION These findings showed a close relationship between cICAM-1 and the progress of intrahepatic metastasis of HCC, indicating a possibility for using cICAM-1 as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hamazaki
- First Department of Surgery, Okayama University Medical School
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42
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Terashima K, Shimamura H, Kawase A, Tanaka Y, Tanimura T, Kamisaki T, Ishizuka Y, Sato M. Studies on antiulcer agents. IV. Antiulcer effects of 2-benzylthio5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4(3H)-quinazolinones and related compounds. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1995; 43:2021-3. [PMID: 8575039 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.43.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
With a view to finding more effective antiulcer agents, a series of 2-benzylthio-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4(3H)-quinazolinones and related compounds were synthesized and evaluated in a histamine-stimulated gastric secretion model. The sodium salt of the 2-(dimethylamino)benzylthio derivative (8) showed gastric mucosal protection and gastric antisecretion activities, and was also effective against experimental gastric and duodenal ulcers induced by some ulcerogenic agents. Based on a comparison of the antiulcer properties of 8 with those of the lead compounds (1 and 2) and cimetidine, it appears that, for improvement of antiulcer activity, the reduction of gastric acidity is a more important factor than the reduction of gastric volume output or gastric total acid output.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Terashima
- Research Laboratories, Roussel Morishita Co., Ltd., Shiga, Japan
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43
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Terashima K, Tanimura T, Shimamura H, Kawase A, Uenishi K, Tanaka Y, Kimura I, Kamisaki T, Ishizuka Y, Sato M. Studies on antiulcer agents. II. Antiulcer properties of N-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2-anilino-5-pyrimidinecarboxamides inhibiting release of histamine from passively sensitized rat peritoneal mast cells. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1995; 43:1042-4. [PMID: 7543824 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.43.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of applying mast cell-stabilizing agents as antiulcer agents, N-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2-anilino-5-pyrimidinecarboxamides were synthesized, and initially evaluated pharmacologically for activity in the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test by oral administration. The most active compound 6 was proved to inhibit potently the release of histamine from passively sensitized rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro. When compared with other mast cell-stabilizing agents and an antiulcer agent, compound 6 was found to show excellent gastric mucosal protection and gastric antisecretion activities. Furthermore, compound 6 revealed good activity against acidified aspirin ulcer in rats and water-immersion stress ulcer in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Terashima
- Research Laboratories, Roussel Morishita Co., Ltd., Shiga, Japan
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ozaki
- Third Department of Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Japan
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45
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Terashima K, Shimamura H, Kawase A, Tanaka Y, Uenishi K, Kimura I, Ishizuka Y, Sato M. Studies on antiulcer agents. I. Synthesis and pharmacological properties of ethyl 2-[(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfinylmethyl]-4-dimethylamino-5- pyrimidinecarboxylate, a new H+/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor possessing mucosal protective activity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1995; 43:166-8. [PMID: 7895305 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.43.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl 2-[1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfinylmethyl]-4-dimethylamino-5- pyrimidinecarboxylate (2) has been synthesized and evaluated for antiulcer properties. Compound 2 is a H+/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor that affords mucosal protection against absolute ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats after oral and parenteral administrations. On the other hand, omeprazole, a representative H+/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor, showed mucosal protective action only after oral administration, indicating that it required gastric acid secretion to generate activity. The antiulcer activity of 2 in animal models, such as water-immersion stress-induced gastric ulcer in rats and acidified aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats, was three times higher than that of cimetidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Terashima
- Research Laboratories, Roussel Morishita Co., Ltd., Shiga, Japan
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46
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Takiue T, Shimamura H, Chikuba A, Chikuba H. [Perianal endometriosis]. Nihon Rinsho 1994; Suppl 6:823-5. [PMID: 7837650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Takiue
- Chikuba Colo-Rectal Surgical Hospital
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47
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Shimamura H, Suzuki H, Hanano M, Suzuki A, Tagaya O, Horie T, Sugiyama Y. Multiple systems for the biliary excretion of organic anions in rats: liquiritigenin conjugates as model compounds. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994; 271:370-8. [PMID: 7965737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquiritigenin (LG), 2, 3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-(S)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-1, is metabolized to five kinds of conjugates (glucuronides and sulfates) that are excreted predominantly into the bile (Shimamura et al., 1993). Using LG as a model compound, we studied the multiplicity for the biliary excretion of conjugates in vivo. LG was administered i.v. as a bolus to Sprague-Dawley rats (SD rats) that received i.v. infusions of the inhibitors [glycyrrhizin (GR), dibromosulfophthalein (DBSP) and indocyanine green (ICG)] at their maximal transport rates. The infusion of GR and that of DBSP reduced significantly the biliary excretion of all the conjugates except LG 4',7-O-disulfate (M3), whereas infusion of ICG did not affect the excretion of conjugates. To minimize the effect of the other tissues on the disposition of the conjugates, the apparent biliary excretion clearance (CLbile,app) was calculated. The CLbile,app values of LG 4'-O-glucuronide (M1), LG 7-O-glucuronide (M2), LG 4'-O-glucuronide 7-O-sulfate (M4) and LG 7-O-glucuronide 4'-O-sulfate (M5) were significantly reduced by GR and DBSP infusion, whereas the CLbile, app value of M3 was not affected by these inhibitors. The CLbile, app values of all the conjugates except M2 were not reduced by ICG infusion. In Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats, which have a hereditary defect in the canalicular transport system for several organic anions, the biliary excretion clearance of M1, M2, M4 and M5 was markedly reduced, whereas that of M3 was comparable with that in control rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shimamura
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Laboratory, Kanebo Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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48
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Takahashi H, Ogata H, Nagai N, Sugito K, Shimamura H. Variability in absorption lag time of pyridoxal phosphate under fasting and pre- and post-meal conditions. Biopharm Drug Dispos 1994; 15:505-17. [PMID: 7993988 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2510150608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Inter-individual variations in the absorption lag time of pyridoxal phosphate were determined after administration of an enteric-coated tablet (EC) or a plain capsule (PC) to 113 healthy volunteers under fasting, pre-meal, and post-meal conditions. The absorption lag time of pyridoxal phosphate was assessed from the urinary excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid after administration of EC and PC. Significantly larger lag times after administration of both formulations were observed under post-meal conditions than under pre-meal conditions (0.477 +/- 0.315 h versus 0.081 +/- 0.086 h for PC and 1.995 +/- 1.345 h versus 1.064 +/- 1.327 h for EC), indicating that the mean gastric emptying rates of both a solution and a tablet were delayed after food intake. The lag time for PC showed little inter-individual variation with (0-1.2 h) or without food (0-0.25 h), whereas that for EC showed markedly large inter-individual variation, from 0.25 to 2.63 h (median, 1.5 h) in the fasting condition, from 0.25 to > 5.5 h (median 0.25 h) under pre-meal conditions, and from 0.25 to > 5.5 h (median 1.25 h) under post-meal conditions. The effect of food on the gastric emptying rate of a solution appears to be almost uniform, whereas that for a tablet is so unpredictable that a reliable absorption rate for an enteric-coated tablet cannot be expected, particularly under pre- and post-meal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji College of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
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Shimamura H, Suzuki H, Hanano M, Suzuki A, Sugiyama Y. Identification of tissues responsible for the conjugative metabolism of liquiritigenin in rats: an analysis based on metabolite kinetics. Biol Pharm Bull 1993; 16:899-907. [PMID: 8268858 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.16.899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We kinetically examined tissues responsible for the conjugative metabolism (glucuronidation and sulfation) of a component in a crude drug, liquiritigenin (LG; 2,3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-2-(4- hydroxyphenyl)-(S)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) in rats in vivo. LG has been found to form five kinds of conjugates (4'-O-glucuronide (M1), 7-O-glucuronide (M2), 4',7-O-disulfate (M3), 4'-O-glucuronide-7-O-sulfate (M4) and 7-O-glucuronide-4'-O-sulfate (M5)). Analysis based on metabolite kinetics [K. S. Pang, J. Pharmacokin. Biopharm., 13, 633 (1985)] of the area under the plasma concentration curves (AUCplasma) and cumulative biliary excretions (Aibile) of the ligands after intravenous or hepatic portal venous administration of LG revealed that the liver has the ability to generate all the metabolites. For M1 and M2, the apparent biliary excretion clearance (CLbile,app) obtained by dividing the biliary excretion rate for the metabolite by the plasma concentration of the metabolite decreased with time, confirming that M1 and M2 were formed in the liver. To further analyze the formation rate constants for metabolites in each tissue, we measured the ligand content in several tissues after intravenous administration of LG. By correcting the content of metabolites that were taken up from the plasma, we found that the formation rates per gram of tissue were largest in the liver, except for M3. The metabolic capability of the kidney for M1 and M2 was 15% and 60%, respectively, to that of the liver whereas for M3, the metabolic ability of the kidney was 2.5-fold greater than that of the liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shimamura
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Laboratory, Kanebo Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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50
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Hishida R, Baba M, Shimamura H, Matsunaga M, Takebe K. [Rapid recovery of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy induced by steroid pulse therapy--changes in nerve conduction]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1993; 33:199-202. [PMID: 8319393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A 47-year-old female patient with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy started to recover from her numbness and weakness within a few hours following the commencement of intravenous methylprednisolone 1,000 mg. In parallel with the recovery of muscle strength, a prolonged latency time of the M-wave was normalized within a day by a revival of the new motor units with a normal latency. In many cases with CIDP, it has been recognized that the gradual decrease in latency time over weeks is a later phenomenon following early increase in amplitude of the M-wave during recovery of weakness, which is explained by remyelinating process. On the other hand, the revival of motor units with a normal latency time from demyelinating conduction block is difficult to explain by remyelinating process, because remyelinating fibers usually have a very slow conduction velocity. Some minor morphological changes of paranodes or humoral factors may be partly responsible for development conduction block in CIDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hishida
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine
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