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Hsu HC, Wear KA, Joshua Pfefer T, Vogt WC. Tissue-mimicking phantoms for performance evaluation of photoacoustic microscopy systems. Biomed Opt Express 2022; 13:1357-1373. [PMID: 35415004 PMCID: PMC8973174 DOI: 10.1364/boe.445702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phantom-based performance test methods are critically needed to support development and clinical translation of emerging photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) devices. While phantoms have been recently developed for macroscopic photoacoustic imaging systems, there is an unmet need for well-characterized tissue-mimicking materials (TMMs) and phantoms suitable for evaluating PAM systems. Our objective was to develop and characterize a suitable dermis-mimicking TMM based on polyacrylamide hydrogels and demonstrate its utility for constructing image quality phantoms. TMM formulations were optically characterized over 400-1100 nm using integrating sphere spectrophotometry and acoustically characterized using a pulse through-transmission method over 8-24 MHz with highly confident extrapolation throughout the usable band of the PAM system. This TMM was used to construct a spatial resolution phantom containing gold nanoparticle point targets and a penetration depth phantom containing slanted tungsten filaments and blood-filled tubes. These phantoms were used to characterize performance of a custom-built PAM system. The TMM was found to be broadly tunable and specific formulations were identified to mimic human dermis at an optical wavelength of 570 nm and acoustic frequencies of 10-50 MHz. Imaging results showed that tungsten filaments yielded 1.1-4.2 times greater apparent maximum imaging depth than blood-filled tubes, which may overestimate real-world performance for vascular imaging applications. Nanoparticles were detectable only to depths of 120-200 µm, which may be due to the relatively weaker absorption of single nanoparticles vs. larger targets containing high concentration of hemoglobin. The developed TMMs and phantoms are useful tools to support PAM device characterization and optimization, streamline regulatory decision-making, and accelerate clinical translation.
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Ford AL, Hsu HC, Binkley MM, Rogers S, Imai T, Maslov K, Doctor A, Wang LV, Lee JM. Probing single-cell oxygen reserve in sickled erythrocytes via in vivo photoacoustic microscopy. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:E11-E14. [PMID: 34687466 PMCID: PMC8671229 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andria L. Ford
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO,Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Hsun-Chia Hsu
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, CA,Currently at Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Michael M. Binkley
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Stephen Rogers
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis & Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Toru Imai
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, CA
| | - Konstantin Maslov
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, CA
| | - Allan Doctor
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis & Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, CA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO,Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Li Y, Wong TTW, Shi J, Hsu HC, Wang LV. Multifocal photoacoustic microscopy using a single-element ultrasonic transducer through an ergodic relay. Light Sci Appl 2020; 9:135. [PMID: 32793336 PMCID: PMC7393099 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) has demonstrated high-spatial-resolution imaging of optical absorption in biological tissue. To date, most OR-PAM systems rely on mechanical scanning with confocally aligned optical excitation and ultrasonic detection, limiting the wide-field imaging speed of these systems. Although several multifocal OR-PA (MFOR-PA) systems have attempted to address this limitation, they are hindered by the complex design in a constrained physical space. Here, we present a two-dimensional (2D) MFOR-PAM system that utilizes a 2D microlens array and an acoustic ergodic relay. Using a single-element ultrasonic transducer, this system can detect PA signals generated from 400 optical foci in parallel and then raster scan the optical foci patterns to form an MFOR-PAM image. This system improves the imaging resolution of an acoustic ergodic relay system from 220 to 13 μm and enables 400-folds shorter scanning time than that of a conventional OR-PAM system at the same resolution and laser repetition rate. We demonstrated the imaging ability of the system with both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899 USA
| | - Terence T. W. Wong
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899 USA
- Present Address: Translational and Advanced Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junhui Shi
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - Hsun-Chia Hsu
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899 USA
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Osteoporosis is a well-known bone disorder affecting people worldwide. Patients with osteoporosis have an increased risk of bone fracture. This study provides new information on the risk of developing osteoporosis post burn injury and the risk of fracture among those with osteoporosis developed. INTRODUCTION The relationship between burn injury and hip fracture risk is unclear. Population-based evaluation on relationships between burn injury and osteoporosis development and subsequent fractures is limited. We conducted a retrospective cohort study as the investigation. METHODS From the insurance data of Taiwan, we established a cohort of 43,532 patients with a burn injury in 2000-2012 and a comparison cohort of 174,124 individuals without such an injury, frequency matched by sex, age, and diagnosis date. Both cohorts were followed up to the end of 2013 to evaluate the occurrence of osteoporosis and hip fracture. RESULTS The incidence of osteoporosis was greater in the burn cohort than in the comparison cohort (6.40 vs. 4.75 per 1,000 person-years) with an adjusted IRR of 1.35 (95% confidence interval = 1.32-1.39). The incidence rates in both cohorts were greater in women than in men, increased with age, income, and Charlson comorbidity index. Patients with burns involving 20%-49% of total body surface area and with burns confined to the lower/upper limbs had the greatest incidence rates, 8.32 and 8.58 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. Osteoporosis incidence increased further to 22.7 per 1,000 person-years for burn victims with comorbid diabetes. The risk of fracture was over five-fold greater for burn victims with osteoporosis developed than for comparisons without osteoporosis. CONCLUSION Patients who have a burn injury deserve prevention intervention to reduce the risk of osteoporosis and fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kaewboonchoo
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Mahidol University Faculty of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - F C Sung
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Mahidol University Faculty of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University College of Public Health, Taichung, Taiwan
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C L Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - H C Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C T Kuo
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Mahidol University Faculty of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University College of Public Health, 91 Hseuh Shis Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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Hsu HC, Li L, Yao J, Wong TTW, Shi J, Chen R, Zhou Q, Wang LV. Dual-axis illumination for virtually augmenting the detection view of optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy. J Biomed Opt 2018; 23:1-7. [PMID: 29981225 PMCID: PMC8357328 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.7.076001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) has demonstrated fast, label-free volumetric imaging of optical-absorption contrast within the quasiballistic regime of photon scattering. However, the limited numerical aperture of the ultrasonic transducer restricts the detectability of the photoacoustic waves, thus resulting in incomplete reconstructed features. To tackle the limited-view problem, we added an oblique illumination beam to the original coaxial optical-acoustic scheme to provide a complementary detection view. The virtual augmentation of the detection view was validated through numerical simulations and tissue-phantom experiments. More importantly, the combination of top and oblique illumination successfully imaged a mouse brain in vivo down to 1 mm in depth, showing detailed brain vasculature. Of special note, it clearly revealed the diving vessels that were long missing in images from original OR-PAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsun-Chia Hsu
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- California Institute of Technology, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Lei Li
- California Institute of Technology, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Junjie Yao
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Terence T. W. Wong
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- California Institute of Technology, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Junhui Shi
- California Institute of Technology, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Ruimin Chen
- University of Southern California, Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Qifa Zhou
- University of Southern California, Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- California Institute of Technology, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Pasadena, California, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Lihong V. Wang, E-mail:
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Kaewboonchoo O, Sung FC, Lin CL, Hsu HC, Kuo CT. Hip fracture risk in patients with burn injury: a retrospective cohort study in Taiwan. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:3415-3420. [PMID: 28875313 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This work aimed to evaluate the hip fracture risk for patients with burn injury. A total of 16,430 patients with burn injury had an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.54 to encounter a hip fracture, compared with controls without the injury. These results encourage future studies focusing on mechanisms leading to fracture associated with burn injury. INTRODUCTION The relationship between burn injury and hip fracture risk is unclear. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate this relationship. METHODS From insurance data of Taiwan, we identified a cohort with 16,430 burn patients in 2000-2010 and a comparison cohort of 65,716 persons without the history of burn, frequency matched by sex, age, and diagnosis date. Both cohorts were followed up to the end of 2011 to evaluate the risk of hip fracture. RESULTS Patients with burn injury were 1.62-fold more likely than comparisons to encounter a hip fracture (6.95 vs. 4.28 per 1000 person-years), with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.54 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.40-1.68). The fracture incidence increased with age and is slightly greater for women than for men in both cohorts. The fracture risk was greater for patients with burn in the eyes, face, and head with an incidence of 7.14 per 1000 person-years, or an aHR of 2.09 (95% CI = 1.53, 2.86). Diabetes and osteoporosis were also associated with an increased hip fracture risk. CONCLUSION Burn injury is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture. Diabetes and osteoporosis are associated with an enhanced risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kaewboonchoo
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Mahidol University Faculty of Public Health, Khet Ratchathewi, Thailand
| | - F C Sung
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Mahidol University Faculty of Public Health, Khet Ratchathewi, Thailand
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University College of Public Health, Taichung, Taiwan
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C L Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - H C Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C T Kuo
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Mahidol University Faculty of Public Health, Khet Ratchathewi, Thailand.
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University College of Public Health, 91 Hseuh Shih Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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Wong TTW, Zhang R, Zhang C, Hsu HC, Maslov KI, Wang L, Shi J, Chen R, Shung KK, Zhou Q, Wang LV. Label-free automated three-dimensional imaging of whole organs by microtomy-assisted photoacoustic microscopy. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1386. [PMID: 29123109 PMCID: PMC5680318 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) optical imaging of whole biological organs with microscopic resolution has remained a challenge. Most versions of such imaging techniques require special preparation of the tissue specimen. Here we demonstrate microtomy-assisted photoacoustic microscopy (mPAM) of mouse brains and other organs, which automatically acquires serial distortion-free and registration-free images with endogenous absorption contrasts. Without tissue staining or clearing, mPAM generates micrometer-resolution 3D images of paraffin- or agarose-embedded whole organs with high fidelity, achieved by label-free simultaneous sensing of DNA/RNA, hemoglobins, and lipids. mPAM provides histology-like imaging of cell nuclei, blood vessels, axons, and other anatomical structures, enabling the application of histopathological interpretation at the organelle level to analyze a whole organ. Its deep tissue imaging capability leads to less sectioning, resulting in negligible sectioning artifact. mPAM offers a new way to better understand complex biological organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence T W Wong
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.,Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Ruiying Zhang
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Hsun-Chia Hsu
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.,Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Konstantin I Maslov
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Lidai Wang
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junhui Shi
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Ruimin Chen
- NIH Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - K Kirk Shung
- NIH Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- NIH Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Lihong V Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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Abstract
The modulation instability (MI) is a universal mechanism that is responsible for the disintegration of weakly nonlinear narrow-banded wave fields and the emergence of localized extreme events in dispersive media. The instability dynamics is naturally triggered, when unstable energy sidebands located around the main energy peak are excited and then follow an exponential growth law. As a consequence of four wave mixing effect, these primary sidebands generate an infinite number of additional sidebands, forming a triangular sideband cascade. After saturation, it is expected that the system experiences a return to initial conditions followed by a spectral recurrence dynamics. Much complex nonlinear wave field motion is expected, when the secondary or successive sideband pair that is created is also located in the finite instability gain range around the main carrier frequency peak. This latter process is referred to as higher-order MI. We report a numerical and experimental study that confirms observation of higher-order MI dynamics in water waves. Furthermore, we show that the presence of weak dissipation may counterintuitively enhance wave focusing in the second recurrent cycle of wave amplification. The interdisciplinary weakly nonlinear approach in addressing the evolution of unstable nonlinear waves dynamics may find significant resonance in other nonlinear dispersive media in physics, such as optics, solids, superfluids, and plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kimmoun
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, IRPHE, Marseille, France
| | - H C Hsu
- Department of Marine Environment and Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - B Kibler
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne-UMR 6303 CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - A Chabchoub
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Hsu HC, Lee SY, Lai CM, Tsai WL, Chiu HT. 0820 LINKING STRESS TO PARENTING COMPETENCE AMONG TAIWANESE MOTHERS OF PRETERM INFANTS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SLEEP. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Hsu HC, Lee SY. 0981 SLEEP AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS: A CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS COMPARING AMERICAN AND TAIWANESE MOTHERS OF LOW-BIRTH WEIGHT PRETERM INFANTS. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hsu HC, Enosawa S, Yamazaki T, Tohyama S, Fujita J, Fukuda K, Kobayashi E. Enhancing Survival of Human Hepatocytes by Neonatal Thymectomy and Partial Hepatectomy in Micro-miniature Pigs. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:153-158. [PMID: 28104124 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the goal of in vivo cultivation of human hepatocytes that have not been sufficient in full differentiation in vitro, the advantage of neonatal thymectomy was verified on expansion of xenogeneic human hepatocyte in the micro-miniature pig (MMP). METHODS The thymus was excised immediately after the birth of the MMPs via cesarean section. Newborns were fed by artificial feeding under specific pathogen-free conditions. The thymectomized and nonthymectomized littermates were transplanted with human hepatocytes via a portal vein with or without partial hepatectomy at the MMP adult stage. RESULTS The growth of thymectomized MMPs and the sham operated littermates was not significantly different; the former weighed 1.98 ± 0.30 kg (average ± standard deviation, n = 4) and the latter weighed 2.28 ± 0.39 kg (n = 4) at 1 month of age, and 17.48 ± 1.92 kg and 16.75 ± 2.68 kg at 12 months of age. Blood thymosin α1 concentrations in the thymectomy group were significantly lower than in the control group (0.22 ± 0.05 ng/mL vs 0.46 ± 0.16 ng/mL; n = 4, 12 months old, P = .029). After human hepatocyte transplantation, human albumin levels were detectable on day 28 in the peripheral blood of the thymectomy plus hepatectomy group (14.3 ± 4.9 ng/mL [± range, n = 2]) but were not detectable even on day 21 in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal thymectomy was successfully achieved in infantile MMPs born via cesarean section. These pigs were considered to be an ideal in vivo bioreactor for human hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Hsu
- Department of Organ Fabrication, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Advanced Medical Sciences, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Enosawa
- Department of Organ Fabrication, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Advanced Medical Sciences, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Yamazaki
- Division of Advanced Medical Sciences, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Kohno Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Fujita
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E Kobayashi
- Department of Organ Fabrication, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kimmoun O, Hsu HC, Branger H, Li MS, Chen YY, Kharif C, Onorato M, Kelleher EJR, Kibler B, Akhmediev N, Chabchoub A. Modulation Instability and Phase-Shifted Fermi-Pasta-Ulam Recurrence. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28516. [PMID: 27436005 PMCID: PMC4951648 DOI: 10.1038/srep28516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Instabilities are common phenomena frequently observed in nature, sometimes leading to unexpected catastrophes and disasters in seemingly normal conditions. One prominent form of instability in a distributed system is its response to a harmonic modulation. Such instability has special names in various branches of physics and is generally known as modulation instability (MI). The MI leads to a growth-decay cycle of unstable waves and is therefore related to Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) recurrence since breather solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) are known to accurately describe growth and decay of modulationally unstable waves in conservative systems. Here, we report theoretical, numerical and experimental evidence of the effect of dissipation on FPU cycles in a super wave tank, namely their shift in a determined order. In showing that ideal NLSE breather solutions can describe such dissipative nonlinear dynamics, our results may impact the interpretation of a wide range of new physics scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kimmoun
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, IRPHE, Marseille, France
| | - H C Hsu
- Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - H Branger
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, IRPHE, Marseille, France
| | - M S Li
- Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Y Y Chen
- Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - C Kharif
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, IRPHE, Marseille, France
| | - M Onorato
- Dipartimento di Fisica Generale, Universita degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - E J R Kelleher
- Femtosecond Optics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - B Kibler
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - N Akhmediev
- Optical Sciences Group, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 020, Australia
| | - A Chabchoub
- Department of Ocean Technology Policy and Environment, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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13
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Hsu HC, Tan CD, Chang CW, Chu CW, Chiu YC, Pan CJ, Huang HM. Evaluation of nasal patency by visual analogue scale/nasal obstruction symptom evaluation questionnaires and anterior active rhinomanometry after septoplasty: a retrospective one-year follow-up cohort study. Clin Otolaryngol 2016; 42:53-59. [PMID: 27102375 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of septoplasty and the correlation between the subjective evaluations of a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) questionnaire and active anterior rhinomanometry of the nasal airway after septoplasty. DESIGN A retrospective, individual cohort study. SETTING Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS Fifty patients with chronic nasal obstruction were enrolled in the study. All 50 patients underwent septoplasty because of nasal septal deviation. Another 28 patients without nasal symptoms served as controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES VAS, NOSE and active anterior rhinomanometry were used to measure the sensation of nasal obstruction. All measurements were performed in both groups preoperatively and then repeated on three postoperative visits (3, 6 and 12 months). RESULTS The mean VAS score, NOSE score and the nasal resistance in the narrow side of the nose in the study group showed reduced symptoms at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively compared with the respective preoperative measurements (P < 0.001, all). The VAS and NOSE scores did not significantly correlate with total nasal resistance preoperatively or postoperatively. The VAS and nasal resistance in the obstructed nasal cavity correlated significantly preoperatively (P < 0.05), but not postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS The subjective and objective symptoms of nasal obstruction had improved 1 year after septoplasty. A significant correlation between VAS scores and nasal resistance in the narrow side of the nose was found before surgery. The subjective and objective measurements of nasal obstruction lacked significant correlation postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C D Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taiwan National University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C W Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C W Chu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y C Chiu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C J Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H M Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hsu HC, Wang L, Wang LV. In vivo photoacoustic microscopy of human cuticle microvasculature with single-cell resolution. J Biomed Opt 2016; 21:56004. [PMID: 27207113 PMCID: PMC5998605 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.5.056004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As a window on the microcirculation, human cuticle capillaries provide rich information about the microvasculature, such as its morphology, density, dimensions, or even blood flow speed. Many imaging technologies have been employed to image human cuticle microvasculature. However, almost none of these techniques can noninvasively observe the process of oxygen release from single red blood cells (RBCs), an observation which can be used to study healthy tissue functionalities or to diagnose, stage, or monitor diseases. For the first time, we adapted single-cell resolution photoacoustic (PA) microscopy (PA flowoxigraphy) to image cuticle capillaries and quantified multiple functional parameters. Our results show more oxygen release in the curved cuticle tip region than in other regions of a cuticle capillary loop, associated with a low of RBC flow speed in the tip region. Further analysis suggests that in addition to the RBC flow speed, other factors, such as the drop of the partial oxygen pressure in the tip region, drive RBCs to release more oxygen in the tip region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsun-Chia Hsu
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | | | - Lihong V. Wang
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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Chen PC, Chien KL, Su TC, Jeng JS, Hsu HC, Lee YT. Carotid Atherosclerosis Progression and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in a Community in Taiwan. Eur J Public Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv175.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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16
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Lin PL, Huang PW, Huang PY, Hsu HC. Alveolar bone-loss area localization in periodontitis radiographs based on threshold segmentation with a hybrid feature fused of intensity and the H-value of fractional Brownian motion model. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2015; 121:117-126. [PMID: 26078207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontitis involves progressive loss of alveolar bone around the teeth. Hence, automatic alveolar bone-loss (ABL) measurement in periapical radiographs can assist dentists in diagnosing such disease. In this paper, we propose an effective method for ABL area localization and denote it as ABLIfBm. METHOD ABLIfBm is a threshold segmentation method that uses a hybrid feature fused of both intensity and texture measured by the H-value of fractional Brownian motion (fBm) model, where the H-value is the Hurst coefficient in the expectation function of a fBm curve (intensity change) and is directly related to the value of fractal dimension. Adopting leave-one-out cross validation training and testing mechanism, ABLIfBm trains weights for both features using Bayesian classifier and transforms the radiograph image into a feature image obtained from a weighted average of both features. Finally, by Otsu's thresholding, it segments the feature image into normal and bone-loss regions. RESULTS Experimental results on 31 periodontitis radiograph images in terms of mean true positive fraction and false positive fraction are about 92.5% and 14.0%, respectively, where the ground truth is provided by a dentist. The results also demonstrate that ABLIfBm outperforms (a) the threshold segmentation method using either feature alone or a weighted average of the same two features but with weights trained differently; (b) a level set segmentation method presented earlier in literature; and (c) segmentation methods based on Bayesian, K-NN, or SVM classifier using the same two features. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the proposed method can effectively localize alveolar bone-loss areas in periodontitis radiograph images and hence would be useful for dentists in evaluating degree of bone-loss for periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Providence University, Shalu, Taichung 43301, Taiwan.
| | - P W Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - P Y Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - H C Hsu
- College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
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17
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Chen YC, Hsu HC, Lee CM, Sun CK. Third-harmonic generation susceptibility spectroscopy in free fatty acids. J Biomed Opt 2015; 20:095013. [PMID: 26405821 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.9.095013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-correlated disease such as atherosclerosis has been an important medical research topic for decades. Many new microscopic imaging techniques such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and third-harmonic generation (THG) microscopy were verified to have the capability to target lipids in vivo. In the case of THG microscopy, biological cell membranes and lipid bodies in cells and tissues have been shown as good sources of contrast with a laser excitation wavelength around 1200 nm. We report the THG excitation spectroscopy study of two pure free fatty acids including oleic acid and linoleic acid from 1090 to 1330 nm. Different pure fatty acids presented slightly-different THG χ(3) spectra. The measured peak values of THG third-order susceptibility χ(3) in both fatty acids were surprisingly found not to match completely with the resonant absorption wavelengths around 1190 to 1210 nm, suggesting possible wavelengths selection for enhanced THG imaging of lipids while avoiding laser light absorption. Along with the recent advancement in THG imaging, this new window between 1240 to 1290 nm may offer tremendous new opportunities for sensitive label-free lipid imaging in biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Taiwan University, Molecular Imaging Center, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Chia Hsu
- National Taiwan University, Molecular Imaging Center, Taipei 10617, TaiwanbWashington University in Saint Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Chien-Ming Lee
- National Taiwan University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- National Taiwan University, Molecular Imaging Center, Taipei 10617, TaiwancNational Taiwan University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Taipei 10617, TaiwandInstitute of Physics and Research Cen
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18
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Amloy S, Karlsson KF, Eriksson MO, Palisaitis J, Persson POÅ, Chen YT, Chen KH, Hsu HC, Hsiao CL, Chen LC, Holtz PO. Excitons and biexcitons in InGaN quantum dot like localization centers. Nanotechnology 2014; 25:495702. [PMID: 25410551 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/49/495702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Indium segregation in a narrow InGaN single quantum well creates quantum dot (QD) like exciton localization centers. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy reveals varying shapes and lateral sizes in the range ∼1-5 nm of the QD-like features, while scanning near field optical microscopy demonstrates a highly inhomogeneous spatial distribution of optically active individual localization centers. Microphotoluminescence spectroscopy confirms the spectrally inhomogeneous distribution of localization centers, in which the exciton and the biexciton related emissions from single centers of varying geometry could be identified by means of excitation power dependencies. Interestingly, the biexciton binding energy (E(b)xx) was found to vary from center to center, between 3 to -22 meV, in correlation with the exciton emission energy. Negative binding energies are only justified by a three-dimensional quantum confinement, which confirms QD-like properties of the localization centers. The observed energy correlation is proposed to be understood as variations of the lateral extension of the confinement potential, which would yield smaller values of E(b)xx for reduced lateral extension and higher exciton emission energy. The proposed relation between lateral extension and E(b)xx is further supported by the exciton and the biexciton recombination lifetimes of a single QD, which suggest a lateral extension of merely ∼3 nm for a QD with strongly negative E(b)xx = -15.5 meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Amloy
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phattalung 93110, Thailand.
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19
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Lin PL, Huang PY, Huang PW, Hsu HC, Chen CC. Teeth segmentation of dental periapical radiographs based on local singularity analysis. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2014; 113:433-445. [PMID: 24252317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Teeth segmentation for periapical raidographs is one of the most critical tasks for effective periapical lesion or periodontitis detection, as both types of anomalies usually occur around tooth boundaries and dental radiographs are often subject to noise, low contrast, and uneven illumination. In this paper, we propose an effective scheme to segment each tooth in periapical radiographs. The method consists of four stages: image enhancement using adaptive power law transformation, local singularity analysis using Hölder exponent, tooth recognition using Otsu's thresholding and connected component analysis, and tooth delineation using snake boundary tracking and morphological operations. Experimental results of 28 periapical radiographs containing 106 teeth in total and 75 useful for dental examination demonstrate that 105 teeth are successfully isolated and segmented, and the overall mean segmentation accuracy of all 75 useful teeth in terms of (TP, FP) is (0.8959, 0.0093) with standard deviation (0.0737, 0.0096), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Providence University, Shalu, Taichung 43301, Taiwan.
| | - P Y Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - P W Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - H C Hsu
- College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - C C Chen
- College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
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20
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Kuo WC, Shih YT, Hsu HC, Cheng YH, Liao YH, Sun CK. Virtual spatial overlap modulation microscopy for resolution improvement. Opt Express 2013; 21:30007-18. [PMID: 24514551 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.030007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
High spatial and temporal resolutions are important advantages of optical imaging over other modalities. The recently developed spatial overlap modulation (SPOM) microscopy enables high resolution imaging by spatial modulation of double-beam overlap. However, SPOM suffers from bad temporal resolution and high system complexity. In this paper, we re-formulate the SPOM resolution theory and develop Virtual SPOM (vSPOM) microscopy. By one-way oversampling and convolution with differential filters, vSPOM not only realizes the same factor of spatial resolution improvement as SPOM, but overcome SPOM's major drawbacks. We demonstrated vSPOM on in vivo clinical images and find that the Gabor filter, which represents two-beam vSPOM, is the most effective among all vSPOM filters. The development of vSPOM enables easy incorporation of SPOM into any imaging system, and extends the use of SPOM to real-time in vivo applications.
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21
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Tseng TY, Hsu HC, Yang CS, Tsai TH, Dong CY. Investigation of transport dynamics in oleic acid–induced transdermal drug delivery by two-photon fluorescence microscopy: an ex-vivostudy of mouse skin. J Biomed Opt 2013; 18:096016. [DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.9.096016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Hsu HC, Matsuno N, Machida N, Enosawa S. Improvement of hepatocyte recovery from rat liver subjected to 1-hour warm ischemic injury by using citrate phosphate dextrose added to euro-collins perfusion solution. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:1700-3. [PMID: 23769027 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Warm ischemia (WI)-related injury interferes with recovery of primary hepatocyte after collagenase digestion of surgically resected or non-heart-beating donor livers as human cell sources. We speculated that digestion is impaired due to reduced microcirculation, caused by microembolism after WI. We sought to improve hepatocyte recovery after WI using a rat model. Anesthetized 9-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a midline abdominal incision to insert a 22-gauge cannula into the portal vein. WI was initiated by ligating both the cannula and the hepatic artery. We compared Euro-Collins (EC) perfusion solution with 2 anticoagulants-heparin or citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD)-versus ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) combined with Ca(2+)- and Mg(2+)-free Hank's solution (CM-free Hank's solution). Use of CM-free Hank's solution yielded only 0.75 ± 0.15 × 10(8) and 0.82 ± 0.20 × 10(8) cells at 30 and 60 minutes WI respectively. However, CPD, but not heparin, added to the EC solution produced the best cell recovery (CPD: 2.15 ± 0.38 × 10(8); heparin: 1.63 ± 0.31 × 10(8)). During macroscopic observation, CPD added to EC solution also demonstrated best blood flushing. CPD added to EC solution achieved greater hepatocyte recovery than CM-free Hank's solution by restoring microcirculation during flushing of blood from liver tissue subjected to WI.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Hsu
- Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Lin TH, Su YN, Shih JC, Hsu HC, Lee CN. Resolution of high uterine artery pulsatility index and notching following sildenafil citrate treatment in a growth-restricted pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012; 40:609-610. [PMID: 22350857 DOI: 10.1002/uog.11142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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24
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Huang SW, Huang DJ, Okamoto J, Mou CY, Wu WB, Yeh KW, Chen CL, Wu MK, Hsu HC, Chou FC, Chen CT. Magnetic ground state and transition of a quantum multiferroic LiCu2O2. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:077205. [PMID: 18764576 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.077205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Based on resonant soft x-ray magnetic scattering, we report that LiCu2O2 exhibits a large interchain coupling which suppresses quantum fluctuations along spin chains, and a quasi-2D short-range magnetic order prevails at temperatures above the magnetic transition. These observations unravel the fact that the ground state of LiCu2O2 possesses long-range 2D-like incommensurate magnetic order rather than being a gapped spin liquid as expected from the nature of quantum spin-1/2 chains. In addition, the spin coupling along the c axis is found to be essential for inducing electric polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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Yang WC, Wang CW, Wang JC, Chang YC, Hsu HC, Nee TE, Chen LJ, He JH. Aligned Er-doped ZnO nanorod arrays with enhanced 1.54 microm infrared emission. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2008; 8:3363-3368. [PMID: 19051881 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2008.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vertically aligned Er-doped ZnO nanorod arrays with sharp and intense 1.54 microm infrared emission have been fabricated on Si substrates through a well controlled spin-coating and annealing process. The synthesis method is advantageous for synthesizing ZnO nanostructures free from structural defects, capability for large-scale production, minimum equipment requirement and product homogeneity. Er atoms were found to incorporate into ZnO lattice from XRD, ESCA, TEM, STEM/EDS and PL measurements. The single-crystal Er-doped nanorods maintained their high microstructural quality after annealing for 4 hr at 800 degreesC. The intensity of 1.54 microm infrared emission was found to be correlated with the deep level green emission. The enhanced luminescence intensity and best ever narrow wavelength distribution of Er-doped ZnO nanorod arrays at 1.54 microm emission will be conductive to applications in optoelectronic devices and optical communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China
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26
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Abstract
Alpha-thalassaemia is a common disease in Taiwan. A feature useful in diagnosis is the excess of of beta-chains that result from impaired alpha-chain production. These excess chains assemble into beta 4 tetramers (i.e. Hb H) which can be detected by its rapid anodal migration on alkaline electrophoretic media as seen in Hb H disease. However, this technique cannot, and conventional Hb H inclusion staining rarely can visualize alpha-thalassaemic traits due to small quantities of Hb H formed in these patients. The staining for Hb H inclusion bodies uses brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) or methylene blue (MB) as an oxidant to denature Hb H as intracellular inclusions. We have improved the technique of Jones (who modified the original method in order to obtain enriched young red cells) by prolonging the incubation time from 30 min to 3 h. The sensitivity of this modified improved method was 91% for detecting obligatory alpha-thalassaemic traits as shown in table. No false positive results were seen in beta-thalassaemia or in others. We believe this can be used as a confirmatory test in heterozygous alpha 1-thalassaemia and homozygous alpha 2-thalassaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Lin
- Department of Medicine, Veterans' General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
PURPOSE This longitudinal study examines the effect of social participation on mortality and cognitive impairment for the elderly in Taiwan. METHODS Data were from an elderly population panel in Taiwan 'The Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly' 1993-1999. Social participation was defined as paid/unpaid job and participating in volunteer and social groups. Logistic regression analysis was used for predicting the influence of social participation to 6-year mortality and cognitive function impairment, by controlling of socioeconomic status and health-related variables. RESULTS The elderly with continuous paid work were more likely to participate in social groups. Having paid or unpaid work at the baseline year could lower the risk of mortality six years later, especially for men. Having unpaid work was associated with a higher risk of impaired cognitive function compared to that of non-workers. Participating in a religious group reduced the risk of mortality for women and participating in political groups reduced the risk of impaired cognitive function for men. DISCUSSION Participating in some types of social activities may reduce mortality or cognitive function impairment in the elderly. However, different activities, gender roles and uneven opportunities for work and social group participation may affect the risk of these endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Hsu
- Institute of Health Care Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Chien KL, Hsu HC, Chen WJ, Chen MF, Su TC, Lee YT. Familial aggregation of metabolic syndrome among the Chinese: report from the Chin-Shan community family study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 76:418-24. [PMID: 17097184 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic study on metabolic syndrome is a great challenge, due to its complex traits and the pleiotropic manifestation of atherosclerosis. Familial aggregation and recurrence risk ratio can provide the insight of possible genetic mechanism. The Chin-Shan community family study was based on adolescent probands and their relatives (1356 subjects) who were recruited from one junior high school in the community. Structured questionnaires and biochemical measures were obtained in standard procedures. Definition of metabolic syndrome was followed using the criteria defined by the third adult treatment panel, with a modification of the criteria for adolescent and Asian population. Grandmothers had the highest frequencies (70%) in metabolic syndrome and various atherosclerotic risks. Three factors were found and thus explained 68% of the overall variance. Estimated heritability was the highest in LDL and cholesterol factor (0.36 and 0.40), then blood pressure/obesity factor (0.27), and insulin resistance/dyslipidemia (0.27). Recurrence risk ratio among siblings was 2.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-6.26). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of proband's metabolic syndrome status was 1.99 (95% CI: 1.08-3.66). The adjusted odds ratios for the three factors for predicting metabolic syndrome were all significant, with highest risk in blood pressure/obesity factor (OR: 1.27, CI: 1.22-1.33), then insulin resistance/dyslipidemia (OR: 1.29, CI: 1.16-1.23). This study demonstrated clearly familial aggregation and recurrence risk ratio of metabolic syndrome and components among the general ethnic Chinese population in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Chien
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen JT, Hsiao CL, Hsu HC, Wu CT, Yeh CL, Wei PC, Chen LC, Chen KH. Epitaxial Growth of InN Films by Molecular-Beam Epitaxy Using Hydrazoic Acid (HN3) as an Efficient Nitrogen Source. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:6755-9. [PMID: 17500542 DOI: 10.1021/jp068949g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epitaxial InN films have been successfully grown on c-plane GaN template by gas-source molecular-beam epitaxy with hydrazoic acid (HN3) as an efficient nitrogen source. Results in residual-gas analyzer show that the HN3 is highly dissociated to produce nitrogen radicals and can be controlled in the amounts of active nitrogen species by tuning HN3 pressure. A flat and high-purity InN epifilm has been realized at the temperature near 550 degrees C, and a growth rate of 200 nm/hr is also achieved. Moreover, the epitaxial relationship of the InN(002) on the GaN(002) is reflected in the X-ray diffraction, and the full-width at half-maximum of the InN(002) peak as narrow as 0.05 degrees is related to a high-quality crystallinity. An infrared photoluminescence (PL) emission peak at 0.705 eV and the integrated intensity increasing linearly with excitation power suggest that the observed PL can be attributed to a free-to-bound recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Chen
- Graduate Institute in Electro-Optical Engineering, Tatung University, Taipei 104, Taiwan
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Wu YR, Chen CM, Hwang JC, Chen ST, Feng IH, Hsu HC, Liu CN, Liu YT, Lai YY, Huang HJ, Lee-Chen GJ. Interleukin-1 alpha polymorphism has influence on late-onset sporadic Parkinson's disease in Taiwan. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2007; 114:1173-7. [PMID: 17458495 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-007-0726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory events may contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) may exert both neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects. We conducted a case-control study in a cohort of 493 PD cases and 388 ethnically matched controls to investigate the association of IL-1alpha C-889T and IL-1beta C-511T polymorphisms with the risk of PD. No significant difference in the genotype distribution of the analyzed polymorphisms was found between PD and controls. However, after stratification by age, individuals over 70 years of age carrying IL-1alpha-889 C/T genotype demonstrated a significant decrease in risk of developing PD (OR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.22-0.88, p = 0.021) and the decrease is strengthened by IL-1beta-511 T-carrying genotype (OR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.11-0.71, p = 0.008). Our data suggest that IL-1alpha, acting synergistically with IL-1beta, plays role in PD susceptibility among Taiwanese people older than 70 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hsu HC, Kikuchi H, Yen SK, Nishiyama M. Evaluation of different bonded investments for dental titanium casting. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2007; 18:605-9. [PMID: 17546420 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-2308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2004] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The properties of several different investments were investigated including phosphate bonded, magnesia bonded, and alumina cement investments. Measurements included the setting expansion, thermal expansion, and compressive strength of investments, as well as the tensile strength, elongation, Vickers hardness (VHN) and surface roughness of titanium castings. For phosphate bonded investment, the setting expansion after being mixed with its own mixing solution was 2.10%, which was larger than the other investments; the thermal expansion was -0.25% at 200 degrees C, the compressive strength 14 and 5 MPa after heating. For titanium cast in phosphate bonded investment, the hardness on its top surface was 655 Hv, the tensile strength was 379 MPa, the elongation was 19.4%, and the surface roughness was 2.29 microm. Athough the thermal expansion of phosphate bonded investment is small, the setting expansion is large enough to compensate for the shrinkage of titanium castings. As its thermal expansion at T >/= 600 degrees C was constant and its heating-cooling cycle was almost reversible, these two properties can reduce the thermal shock and thus avoid cracking of the investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Hsu
- Department of Dental Technology, Chung Tai Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, 11, Po-Tze Lane, Takun, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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33
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Lu TW, Hsu HC, Chang LY, Chen HL. Enhancing the examiner’s resisting force improves the reliability of manual muscle strength measurements: Comparison of a new device with hand-held dynamometry. J Rehabil Med 2007; 39:679-84. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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34
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Hsu HC, Chen TY, Chiu KW, Huang EY, Leung SW, Huang YJ, Wang CY. Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for the treatment of arteriovenous shunting in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Radiol 2006; 80:38-42. [PMID: 16971419 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/55395102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy for the treatment of arteriovenous shunting (AVS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Between November 1997 and April 2005, 20 HCC patients with AVS were referred to our department for radiotherapy. The radiation was delivered with 10-15 MV X-ray given 5 days per week at 2 approximately 2.5 Gy per fraction. Total doses ranged from 45 to 64 Gy (median dose 60 Gy). The patients were followed up with color Doppler sonography. When non-invasive imaging suggested obliteration, X-ray angiography was performed to verify the results. Four of the 20 AVS proved to be completely obliterated at X-ray angiography in 1.9, 2.8, 1.8 and 2.9 months after radiotherapy. One of the remaining 16 showed obvious regression on Doppler sonography 0.5 months after radiotherapy, but X-ray angiography was not performed to verify the result. Radiation-related hepatic failure did not occur during the follow-up period. In conclusion, radiotherapy is a treatment alternative for AVS in HCC patients and gives patients with poor prognosis the chance to receive further transcatheter arterial embolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Hsu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsung Medical Center, 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao Sung Hsian, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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35
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Chen PC, Chien KL, Su TC, Hsu HC, Sung FC, Lee YT. Metabolic Syndrome as a Predictor of Stroke in Taiwan. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s6-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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36
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Chu HI, Liu SH, Yu TF, Hsu HC, Cheng TY, Chao HC. CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM IN OSTEOMALACIA X. FURTHER STUDIES ON VITAMIN D ACTION: EARLY SIGNS OF DEPLETION AND EFFECT OF MINIMAL DOSES. J Clin Invest 2006; 19:349-63. [PMID: 16694751 PMCID: PMC434969 DOI: 10.1172/jci101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H I Chu
- Department of Medicine, Peiping Union Medical College, Peiping, China
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37
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Liu SH, Chu HI, Hsu HC, Chao HC, Cheu SH. CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM IN OSTEOMALACIA. XI. THE PATHOGENETIC ROLE OF PREGNANCY AND RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF CALCIUM AND VITAMIN D SUPPLY. J Clin Invest 2006; 20:255-71. [PMID: 16694832 PMCID: PMC435056 DOI: 10.1172/jci101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S H Liu
- Department of Medicine, Peiping Union Medical College, Peiping, China
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38
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Abstract
This study reported characteristics and predictive factors of early-onset diarrhoea in patients receiving pelvic irradiation. We retrospectively reviewed 229 patients undergoing radiotherapy alone for cervical or uterine cancer. Oral barium was taken 90 min before simulation. According to contrast medium within small intestine only or colon in simulation films, we categorised patients as normal and rapid transit groups. Small or large volume of small-bowel was also evaluated according to barium distribution of simulation films. Whole-pelvic irradiation (39.6-45 Gy/22-25 fractions) was delivered to all patients initially. We recorded the onset of diarrhoea during pelvic irradiation. The rates of early-onset diarrhoea (<10 Gy) were compared between these two groups. The incidence of diarrhoea before 10 Gy was 7% and 17% (p = 0.138) in patients with normal and rapid transit, respectively. In multivariate analysis, interaction among rapid transit, prior abdomen operation and large small-bowel volume (p = 0.019) were noted for early-onset diarrhoea. Further subgroup analysis revealed that rapid transit (p = 0.046) was a significant factor in patients with both prior abdominal operation and large small-bowel volume. The incidence of early-onset diarrhoea was as high as 40% in this particular group. Patients experiencing early-onset diarrhoea had a higher incidence of moderate to severe diarrhoea (65%) than those without early-onset diarrhoea (23%) (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, early-onset diarrhoea was the only factor of moderate to severe diarrhoea (p = 0.001). In conclusion, rapid small-bowel transit may be predisposed to early-onset diarrhoea during pelvic radiotherapy in patients with both prior abdominal operations and large small-bowel volume. Early-onset diarrhoea is considered as a predictive factor of diarrhoea of a higher grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien, Taiwan
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Hsu HC, Kikuchi H, Yen SK, Nishiyama M. Evaluation of different bonded investments for dental titanium casting. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2005; 16:821-5. [PMID: 16167110 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-005-3585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2004] [Accepted: 11/17/2004] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The properties of several different investments were investigated including phosphate bonded, magnesia bonded, and alumina cement investments. Measurements included the setting expansion, thermal expansion, and compressive strength of investments, as well as the tensile strength, elongation, Vickers hardness (VHN) and surface roughness of titanium castings. For phosphate bonded investment, the setting expansion after being mixed with its own mixing solution was 2.10%, which was larger than the other investments; the thermal expansion was -0.25% at 200 degrees C, the compressive strength 14 and 5 MPa after heating. For titanium cast in phosphate bonded investment, the hardness on its top surface was 655 Hv, the tensile strength was 379 MPa, the elongation was 19.4%, and the surface roughness was 2.29 microm. Although the thermal expansion of phosphate bonded investment is small, the setting expansion is large enough to compensate for the shrinkage of titanium castings. As its thermal expansion at T > or = 600 degrees C was constant and its heating-cooling cycle was almost reversible, these two properties can reduce the thermal shock and thus avoid cracking of the investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Hsu
- Department of Dental Technology, Chung Tai Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.
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40
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Hsu HF, Hsu HC, Chiang TF, Chen LJ, Hsiao HL. Identification of the first nucleated phase in submonolayer Ti deposited on Si(111)-7×7 by atomic resolution techniques. Ultramicroscopy 2004; 100:347-51. [PMID: 15231328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2003.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2003] [Revised: 11/11/2003] [Accepted: 11/18/2003] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ti5Si4 has been identified to be the first nucleated phase in submonolayer Ti deposited on the Si(111)-7 x 7 surface by ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy in conjunction with atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The direct observation of the formation of clusters surrounded by the heavily damaged silicon lattice strongly suggested that Si is the dominant diffusing species in forming the silicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, People's Republic of China
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41
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Chen HH, Yang YK, Yeh TL, Cherng CFG, Hsu HC, Hsiao SY, Yu L. Methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference is facilitated by estradiol pretreatment in female mice. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2003; 46:169-74. [PMID: 15074837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian hormones were well documented to modulate the dopamine release in the central dopaminergic systems. The dopamine-releasing effects in the nucleus accumbens, a major target of the mesolimbicortical dopaminergic system, were closely associated with the reinforcing effects of two psychomotor stimulants, cocaine and methamphetamine. This study aimed to examine the sex differences in the cocaine- and methamphetamine-reinforcing behavior, conditioned place preference. In addition, the modulating effects of estradiol and progesterone on methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference were investigated in both sexes of adult gonadectomized mice. There was no sex difference in the sensitivity to the cocaine (5 mg/kg)-induced conditioned place preference. However, female mice exhibited a more potent methamphetamine (1 mg/kg)-induced conditioned place preference than did male mice. Moreover, pretreatment with estradiol for two consecutive days before the beginning of the conditioning and throughout the four daily conditionings (0.47 microg/day for totally six days) effectively facilitated methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in gonadectomized female mice, but not in gonadectomized male mice. Progesterone, under a similar treatment regimen (0.47 microg/day for six consecutive days), did not alter the methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in either sex of gonadectomized mice. Taken together, we conclude that the facilitating effects of estradiol on methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference could be sex-dependent with an eminent sensitivity associated with the adult female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Chen
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
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42
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Chen KS, Wang WC, Chen HM, Lin CF, Hsu HC, Kao JH, Hu MT. Motorcycle emissions and fuel consumption in urban and rural driving conditions. Sci Total Environ 2003; 312:113-122. [PMID: 12873404 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(03)00196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This work reports sampling of motorcycle on-road driving cycles in actual urban and rural environments and the development of representative driving cycles using the principle of least total variance in individual regions. Based on the representative driving cycles in individual regions, emission factors for carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NO(x)=NO+NO(2)) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)), as well as fuel consumption, were determined using a chassis dynamometer. The measurement results show that the representative driving cycles are almost identical in the three largest cities in Taiwan, but they differ significantly from the rural driving cycle. Irrespective of driving conditions, emission factors differ insignificantly between the urban and rural regions at a 95% confidence level. However, the fuel consumption in urban centers is approximately 30% higher than in the rural regions, with driving conditions in the former usually poor compared to the latter. Two-stroke motorcycles generally have considerably higher HC emissions and quite lower NO(x) emissions than those of four-stroke motorcycles. Comparisons with other studies suggest that factors such as road characteristics, traffic volume, vehicle type, driving conditions and driver behavior may affect motorcycle emission levels in real traffic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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43
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Gau JP, Hsu HC, Chau WK, Ho CH. A novel splicing acceptor mutation of the factor VIII gene producing skipping of exon 25. Ann Hematol 2003; 82:175-7. [PMID: 12634951 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-002-0592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2002] [Accepted: 11/05/2002] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A gross deletion in the factor VIII (FVIII) mRNA was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for a patient with moderately severe hemophilia A. Sequencing of the RT-PCR product depicted a 177-bp deletion ranging from nucleotide (nt) 6724 to nt 6900 of FVIII cDNA, exactly corresponding to the whole exon 25. Further study of the genomic DNA revealed the presence of a single base pair substitution (G >A) at position -1 of intron 24. The absolute consensus AG doublet of the intron 24 splicing acceptor changed to AA. In the novel splice site mutation, exon 24 was erroneously spliced to exon 26, skipping exon 25. The FVIII antigen level was normal despite the markedly reduced functional activity. Since exon 25 corresponds to part of the C2 domain, we speculate that for this patient the aberrant C2 domain markedly reduces binding affinity of FVIII protein to the phospholipid membrane, thus severely impairing the protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Gau
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201 Section 2 Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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44
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Fong YC, Hsu HC, Sun SS, Kao A, Lin CC, Lee CC. Impaired gallbladder function in spinal cord injury on quantitative Tc-99m DISIDA cholescintigraphy. Abdom Imaging 2003; 28:87-91. [PMID: 12483393 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-001-0180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) have increased prevalences of gallstones and acute acalculous cholecystitis. A possible explanation for the increased prevalence of gallstone disease in SCI patients is decreased gallbladder motility causing gallbladder stasis, a known risk factor for gallstone disease. We investigated gallbladder function in SCI. METHODS Twenty-five normal control subjects and 50 SCI patients were included in this study. Gallbladder function was measured by technium 99m-labeled imino-diacetic acid analogue (Tc-99m DISIDA) cholescintigraphy and represented by the filling fraction (FF) and the ejection fraction (EF). The SCI patients were assigned to subgroups: old versus young, female versus male, high- versus low-level injury, and long versus short injury duration. RESULTS Forty-two percent of SCI patients had abnormal FFs and 54% of SCI patients had abnormal EFs. Significantly decreased FF and EF values were found in SCI patients, especially in those who were female and had high-level injuries. CONCLUSION With the use of quantitative Tc-99m DISIDA cholescintigraphy, we found that SCI can significantly impair gallbladder function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Fong
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical College Hospital, No. 2 Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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45
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Putti TC, To KF, Hsu HC, Chan ATC, Lai GM, Tse G, Lee YS, Whang-Peng J, Millward M, Lin L, Lin X, Lee CS. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in head and neck cancers correlates with clinical progression: a multicentre immunohistochemical study in the Asia-Pacific region. Histopathology 2002; 41:144-51. [PMID: 12147092 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2559.2002.01436.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS With ongoing efforts to target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated tumour growth in the treatment of selected human malignancies, there is a need to determine the expression levels of EGFR and to evaluate its prognostic value in various malignancies in the Asia-Pacific region. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 172 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas from Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan were selected for EGFR detection. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate EGFR expression. EGFR expression was present in 88.4% (152/172) of all cases tested. Specifically, EGFR expression was found in 91.3% (42/46), 84.6% (22/26), 84.1% (37/44), 96.0% (24/25), and 87.1% (27/31) cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas from the oral cavity, oropharynx, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx, respectively. The results demonstrate a stronger EGFR expression in T4 tumours (P=0.017) and later clinical stages (P=0.016). No significant correlation was seen with risk factors, primary tumour site and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS The majority of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas express EGFR, indicating the importance of studying the efficacy of anti-cancer therapy through this pathway. The results also show similar rates of receptor expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients from our region compared with other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Putti
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Republic of Singapore.
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46
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Matsuki Y, Zhang HG, Hsu HC, Yang PA, Zhou T, Dodd CH, Cecconi F, Gruss P, Tadakuma T, Mountz JD. Different role of Apaf-1 in positive selection, negative selection and death by neglect in foetal thymic organ culture. Scand J Immunol 2002; 56:174-84. [PMID: 12121437 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) is a component of the apoptosome which is required for the activation of procaspase-9. As Apaf-1 knockout (KO) (Apaf-1-/-) mice die before birth, the role of Apaf-1 during thymic selection was investigated using 5 day foetal thymic organ culture (FTOC) of thymi obtained at gestational day 15. There was a lower ratio of CD4 single-positive (SP) to CD8 SP cells and decreased apoptosis of CD4+CD8+ (DP) thymocytes from Apaf-1-/- mice compared with wild-type. To determine if these defects resulted in increased production of neglected thymocytes, the Apaf-1-/- mice were crossed with the T-cell receptor (TCR)-alpha-chain KO mice. There was no difference in thymocyte development in the thymi of TCR-alpha-/-Apaf-1-/- and TCR-alpha-/-Apaf-1+/+ mice 5 days after FTOC. To determine if Apaf-1 is involved in apoptosis during death by negative or positive selection, FTOC of the thymus of Apaf-1-/- Db/HY TCR-alphabeta transgenic (Tg) mice was carried out. There was decreased apoptosis of the HY clonal-specific M33+ thymocytes and an increased percentage of the autoreactive CD8+M33+ thymocytes in male, but not female Apaf-1-/- Db/HY TCR Tg mice. Our data suggest that Apaf-1 is not involved in positive selection or death by neglect, but may have a partial role in negative selection during early thymic T-cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Matsuki
- Department of Immulogy and Parasitology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
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47
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Abstract
This study evaluated the predictive factors associated with skin telangiectasia following post-mastectomy electron beam irradiation of the chest wall and regional lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer. From July 1987 to December 1994, 120 women with stages II and III breast cancer received electron beam irradiation following modified radical mastectomy. Doses of 50-50.4 Gy per 25-28 fractions were given to the chest wall (with bolus), the internal mammary nodes, the supraclavicular nodes and the axillary lymph nodes using a 12 MeV or 15 MeV single portal electron beam. 19 patients received an additional 10-16 Gy boost to the surgical scar using a 9 MeV electron beam. Univariate and multivariate analyses for the development of skin telangiectasia showed 5- and 7-year actuarial rates of telangiectasia to be 59% and 72%, respectively. In univariate analysis, an additional surgical scar boost (p=0.023) as well as no treatment interruption (p=0.028) were associated with a significantly increased risk of skin telangiectasia. In multivariate analysis, the only significant independent factor for the development of skin telangiectasia was surgical scar boost (p=0.026); no treatment interruption showed a trend but did not achieve significance (p=0.051). Thus, patients given an additional boost to the surgical scar are more likely to develop skin telangiectasia. Shorter treatment courses may result in a higher probability of skin telangiectasia following electron beam irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien, Taiwan
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48
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Chen CC, Yeh TL, Yang YK, Chen SJ, Lee IH, Fu LS, Yeh CY, Hsu HC, Tsai WL, Cheng SH, Chen LY, Si YC. Psychiatric morbidity and post-traumatic symptoms among survivors in the early stage following the 1999 earthquake in Taiwan. Psychiatry Res 2001; 105:13-22. [PMID: 11740971 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1781(01)00334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the clinical psychiatric presentations and post-traumatic symptoms among 525 survivors at Yu-Chyr District in Nantou County who sought psychiatric service in the first month following the devastating earthquake that struck the central area of Taiwan. All subjects received psychiatric interviews and assessments using the 12-item Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ-12) and a checklist for post-traumatic symptoms. The most common psychiatric symptoms reported were insomnia, palpitations, nervousness, and dizziness with headache. Eleven percent of the subjects reported having thought of death or having suicidal ideation. The mean score on the CHQ-12 was 6.43 (S.D.=2.89). The rate of probable psychiatric morbidity as defined by a CHQ-12 score > or =3 was 89.9%. Post-traumatic symptoms were very prevalent, particularly symptoms of re-experiencing the earthquake and hyper-arousal. Factors significantly associated with high psychiatric morbidity were being female, serious destruction of property and house, and personality characteristics of nervousness and obsessiveness. Findings of this study suggest that early psychiatric intervention, including pharmacological treatment for acute stress disorder, is indicated during the early stages following a disastrous earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University and University Hospital, 138 Sheng-Li Road, 70428, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
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49
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Lee YT, Sung FC, Lin RS, Hsu HC, Chien KL, Yang CY, Chen WJ. Peripheral blood cells among community residents living near nuclear power plants. Sci Total Environ 2001; 280:165-172. [PMID: 11763264 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(01)00823-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Information about hematopoieses as a result of exposure to very low levels of radiation is scarce. To investigate the human hematopoietic effect of very low level radiation exposure, measurements of peripheral blood components were performed among 3602 men and women, aged 35 and above, living in a community near two nuclear power installations in Chinshan, Taiwan. The radiation level that each individual was exposed to was represented by a surrogate level, '1/D2(1i) + 1/D2(2i)', a transformed distance from each individual's residence to the two power plants D1 and D2. In addition to comparing average hematology measurements, multiple regression analyses were done to include age, gender, smoking, drinking status and the surrogate radiation exposure level as independent variables. Univariate and bivariate analyses showed that the hematology measurements had significant associations with age, gender, smoking or drinking. The multiple regression analyses revealed that significant positive associations with '1/D2(1i) + 1/D2(2i)' were found for hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet, white blood cell and red blood cell. The platelet count might increase for 208.7 x 10(3)/microl if the exposure from the nuclear plants increased by one exposure unit. This type of association implies that those who lived closer to the nuclear power installation had a higher blood cell count; we suspect that this could be a type of radiation hormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, ROC.
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50
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Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) transfers cholesteryl ester from high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and chylomicron in exchange for triglycerides. Two CETP genetic variation and four polymorphisms are investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction enzyme digestion in a population of Taiwan. The results show that a very rare variation frequency is found for CETP intron 14 splice site G-->A change. The population shows a predominant 405Ile allele (61%), 442Asp (97.7%), intron 1Taq1B(+) G allele (52%), intron 8 Msp1(-) A allele (89%) and intron 9 EcoN1(-) T allele (59.2%) in the control group. Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) have more CETP EcoN1(+/+) GG genotype (25.3%) than the controls (13.6%) (P=0.049). The intron 1 Taq1B(-) A allele is associated with a high HDL cholesterol and apoA1 level, the EcoN1(+) G allele with a low apoA1 level and the 442Gly with both high total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels. Paradoxically, the 442Gly is also present with a higher frequency (5.2%) in HDL cholesterol > or =65 mg/dl group than that in the general population (2.3%) (P=0.04).
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, 259 Wen Hua I Road, Tao Yuan 333, Kwei San, Taiwan.
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