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Karaduman A, Karoglu-Eravsar ET, Adams MM, Kafaligonul H. Passive exposure to visual motion leads to short-term changes in the optomotor response of aging zebrafish. Behav Brain Res 2024; 460:114812. [PMID: 38104637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that prior visual experiences play an important role in sensory processing and adapting behavior in a dynamic environment. A repeated and passive presentation of visual stimulus is one of the simplest procedures to manipulate acquired experiences. Using this approach, we aimed to investigate exposure-based visual learning of aging zebrafish and how cholinergic intervention is involved in exposure-induced changes. Our measurements included younger and older wild-type zebrafish and achesb55/+ mutants with decreased acetylcholinesterase activity. We examined both within-session and across-day changes in the zebrafish optomotor responses to repeated and passive exposure to visual motion. Our findings revealed short-term (within-session) changes in the magnitude of optomotor response (i.e., the amount of position shift by fish as a response to visual motion) rather than long-term and persistent effects across days. Moreover, the observed short-term changes were age- and genotype-dependent. Compared to the initial presentations of motion within a session, the magnitude of optomotor response to terminal presentations decreased in the older zebrafish. There was a similar robust decrease specific to achesb55/+ mutants. Taken together, these results point to short-term (within-session) alterations in the motion detection of adult zebrafish and suggest differential effects of neural aging and cholinergic system on the observed changes. These findings further provide important insights into adult zebrafish optomotor response to visual motion and contribute to understanding this reflexive behavior in the short- and long-term stimulation profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysenur Karaduman
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Elif Tugce Karoglu-Eravsar
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Psychology, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Michelle M Adams
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Hulusi Kafaligonul
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye.
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2
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Karoglu-Eravsar ET, Tuz-Sasik MU, Karaduman A, Keskus AG, Arslan-Ergul A, Konu O, Kafaligonul H, Adams MM. Long-Term Acetylcholinesterase Depletion Alters the Levels of Key Synaptic Proteins while Maintaining Neuronal Markers in the Aging Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Brain. Gerontology 2023; 69:1424-1436. [PMID: 37793352 DOI: 10.1159/000534343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interventions targeting cholinergic neurotransmission like acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition distinguish potential mechanisms to delay age-related impairments and attenuate deficits related to neurodegenerative diseases. However, the chronic effects of these interventions are not well described. METHODS In the current study, global levels of cholinergic, cellular, synaptic, and inflammation-mediating proteins were assessed within the context of aging and chronic reduction of AChE activity. Long-term depletion of AChE activity was induced by using a mutant zebrafish line, and they were compared with the wildtype group at young and old ages. RESULTS Results demonstrated that AChE activity was lower in both young and old mutants, and this decrease coincided with a reduction in ACh content. Additionally, an overall age-related reduction in AChE activity and the AChE/ACh ratio was observed, and this decline was more prominent in wildtype groups. The levels of an immature neuronal marker were upregulated in mutants, while a glial marker showed an overall reduction. Mutants had preserved levels of inhibitory and presynaptic elements with aging, whereas glutamate receptor subunit levels declined. CONCLUSION Long-term AChE activity depletion induces synaptic and cellular alterations. These data provide further insights into molecular targets and adaptive responses following the long-term reduction of AChE activity that was also targeted pharmacologically to treat neurodegenerative diseases in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Tugce Karoglu-Eravsar
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Psychology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Melek Umay Tuz-Sasik
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Karaduman
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Gokce Keskus
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayca Arslan-Ergul
- National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlen Konu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hulusi Kafaligonul
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Karaduman A, Karoglu-Eravsar ET, Kaya U, Aydin A, Adams MM, Kafaligonul H. Zebrafish optomotor response to second-order motion illustrates that age-related changes in motion detection depend on the activated motion system. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 130:12-21. [PMID: 37419077 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Various aspects of visual functioning, including motion perception, change with age. Yet, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of age-related alterations at different stages of motion processing and in each motion system. To understand the effects of aging on second-order motion processing, we investigated optomotor responses (OMR) in younger and older wild-type (AB-strain) and acetylcholinesterase (achesb55/+) mutant zebrafish. The mutant fish with decreased levels of acetylcholinesterase have been shown to have delayed age-related cognitive decline. Compared to previous results on first-order motion, we found distinct changes in OMR to second-order motion. The polarity of OMR was dependent on age, such that second-order stimulation led to mainly negative OMR in the younger group while older zebrafish had positive responses. Hence, these findings revealed an overall aging effect on the detection of second-order motion. Moreover, neither the genotype of zebrafish nor the spatial frequency of motion significantly changed the response magnitude. Our findings support the view that age-related changes in motion detection depend on the activated motion system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysenur Karaduman
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Elif Tugce Karoglu-Eravsar
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Psychology, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Utku Kaya
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alaz Aydin
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Cognitive Science, Informatics Institute, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Michelle M Adams
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Hulusi Kafaligonul
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye.
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4
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Pavan A, Koc Yilmaz S, Kafaligonul H, Battaglini L, Blurton SP. Motion processing impaired by transient spatial attention: Potential implications for the magnocellular pathway. Vision Res 2022; 199:108080. [PMID: 35749832 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Spatial cues presented prior to the presentation of a static stimulus usually improve its perception. However, previous research has also shown that transient exogenous cues to direct spatial attention to the location of a forthcoming stimulus can lead to reduced performance. In the present study, we investigated the effects of transient exogenous cues on the perception of briefly presented drifting Gabor patches. The spatial and temporal frequencies of the drifting Gabors were chosen to mainly engage the magnocellular pathway. We found better performance in the motion direction discrimination task when neutral cues were presented before the drifting target compared to a valid spatial cue. The behavioral results support the hypothesis that transient attention prolongs the internal response to the attended stimulus, thus reducing the temporal segregation of visual events. These results were complemented by applying a recently developed model for perceptual decisions to rule out a speed-accuracy trade-off and to further assess cueing effects on visual performance. In a model-based assessment, we found that valid cues initially enhanced processing but overall resulted in less efficient processing compared to neutral cues, possibly caused by reduced temporal segregation of visual events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pavan
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat, 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Seyma Koc Yilmaz
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hulusi Kafaligonul
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Luca Battaglini
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Steven P Blurton
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353 København, Denmark
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Konyali A, Kafaligonul H. Attention Differentially Modulates Brief and Prolonged Inhibitions in Paracontrast Masking. J Vis 2021. [DOI: 10.1167/jov.21.9.2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Afife Konyali
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hulusi Kafaligonul
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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6
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Aydin A, Ogmen H, Kafaligonul H. Metacontrast Masking Across Different Contrast Polarities: The Role of Late ERP Components. J Vis 2021. [DOI: 10.1167/jov.21.9.2083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alaz Aydin
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Informatics Institute, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haluk Ogmen
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Denver
| | - Hulusi Kafaligonul
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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7
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Kaya U, Kafaligonul H. Audiovisual interactions in speeded discrimination of a visual event. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13777. [PMID: 33483971 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The integration of information from different senses is central to our perception of the external world. Audiovisual interactions have been particularly well studied in this context and various illusions have been developed to demonstrate strong influences of these interactions on the final percept. Using audiovisual paradigms, previous studies have shown that even task-irrelevant information provided by a secondary modality can change the detection and discrimination of a primary target. These modulations have been found to be significantly dependent on the relative timing between auditory and visual stimuli. Although these interactions in time have been commonly reported, we have still limited understanding of the relationship between the modulations of event-related potentials (ERPs) and final behavioral performance. Here, we aimed to shed light on this important issue by using a speeded discrimination paradigm combined with electroencephalogram (EEG). During the experimental sessions, the timing between an auditory click and a visual flash was varied over a wide range of stimulus onset asynchronies and observers were engaged in speeded discrimination of flash location. Behavioral reaction times were significantly changed by click timing. Furthermore, the modulations of evoked activities over medial parietal/parieto-occipital electrodes were associated with this effect. These modulations were within the 126-176 ms time range and more importantly, they were also correlated with the changes in reaction times. These results provide an important functional link between audiovisual interactions at early stages of sensory processing and reaction times. Together with previous research, they further suggest that early crossmodal interactions play a critical role in perceptual performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utku Kaya
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Informatics Institute, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hulusi Kafaligonul
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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8
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Karaduman A, Karoglu-Eravsar ET, Kaya U, Aydin A, Adams MM, Kafaligonul H. The optomotor response of aging zebrafish reveals a complex relationship between visual motion characteristics and cholinergic system. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 98:21-32. [PMID: 33227566 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the principles underlying age-related changes in motion perception is paramount for improving the quality of life and health of older adults. However, the mechanisms underlying age-related alterations in this aspect of vision, which is essential for survival in a dynamic world, still remain unclear. Using optomotor responses to drifting gratings, we investigated age-related changes in motion detection of adult zebrafish (wild-type/AB-strain and achesb55/+ mutants with decreased levels of acetylcholinesterase). Our results pointed out negative optomotor responses that significantly depend on the spatial frequency and contrast level of stimulation, providing supporting evidence for the visual motion-driven aspect of this behavior mainly exhibited by adult zebrafish. Although there were no significant main effects of age and genotype, we found a significant three-way interaction between contrast level, age, and genotype. In the contrast domain, the changes in optomotor responses and thus in the detection of motion direction were age- and genotype-specific. Accordingly, these behavioral findings suggest a strong but complicated relationship between visual motion characteristics and the cholinergic system during neural aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysenur Karaduman
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Tugce Karoglu-Eravsar
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Utku Kaya
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alaz Aydin
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hulusi Kafaligonul
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
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9
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Celebi-Birand D, Ardic NI, Karoglu-Eravsar ET, Sengul GF, Kafaligonul H, Adams MM. Dietary and Pharmacological Interventions That Inhibit Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Activity Alter the Brain Expression Levels of Neurogenic and Glial Markers in an Age-and Treatment-Dependent Manner. Rejuvenation Res 2020; 23:485-497. [PMID: 32279604 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2019.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) and its mimetic, rapamycin extend lifespan and healthspan through mechanisms that are not fully understood. We investigated different short-term durations of IF and rapamycin on cellular and molecular changes in the brains of young (6-10 months) and old (26-31 months) zebrafish. Interestingly, our results showed that IF significantly lowered glucose levels while increasing DCAMKL1 in both young and old animals. This proliferative effect of IF was supported by the upregulation of foxm1 transcript in old animals. Rapamycin did not change glucose levels in young and old animals but had differential effects depending on age. In young zebrafish, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio was decreased, whereas glial fibrillary acidic protein and gephyrin were decreased in old animals. The changes in proliferative markers and a marker of autophagic flux suggest an age-dependent interplay between autophagy and cell proliferation. Additionally, changes in glia and inhibitory tone suggest a suppressive effect on neuroinflammation but may push the brain toward a more excitable state. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity in the brain following the IF and rapamycin treatment was differentially regulated by age. Interestingly, rapamycin inhibited mTOR more potently in young animals than IF. Principal component analysis supported our conclusion that the regulatory effects of IF and rapamycin were age-specific, since we observed different patterns in the expression levels and clustering of young and old animals. Taken together, our results suggest that even a short-term duration of IF and rapamycin have significant effects in the brain at young and old ages, and that these are age and treatment dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Celebi-Birand
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Narin Ilgim Ardic
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Tugce Karoglu-Eravsar
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Goksemin Fatma Sengul
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hulusi Kafaligonul
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey.,National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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10
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Akyuz S, Pavan A, Kaya U, Kafaligonul H. Short- and long-term forms of neural adaptation: An ERP investigation of dynamic motion aftereffects. Cortex 2020; 125:122-134. [PMID: 31981892 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation is essential to interact with a dynamic and changing environment, and can be observed on different timescales. Previous studies on a motion paradigm called dynamic motion aftereffect (dMAE) showed that neural adaptation can establish even in very short timescales. However, the neural mechanisms underlying such rapid form of neural plasticity is still debated. In the present study, short- and long-term forms of neural plasticity were investigated using dynamic motion aftereffect combined with EEG (Electroencephalogram). Participants were adapted to directional drifting gratings for either short (640 msec) or long (6.4 sec) durations. Both adaptation durations led to motion aftereffects on the perceived direction of a dynamic and directionally ambiguous test pattern, but the long adaptation produced stronger dMAE. In line with behavioral results, we found robust changes in the event-related potentials elicited by the dynamic test pattern within 64-112 msec time range. These changes were mainly clustered over occipital and parieto-occipital scalp sites. Within this time range, the aftereffects induced by long adaptation were stronger than those by short adaptation. Moreover, the aftereffects by each adaptation duration were in the opposite direction. Overall, these EEG findings suggest that dMAEs reflect changes in cortical areas mediating low- and mid-level visual motion processing. They further provide evidence that short- and long-term forms of motion adaptation lead to distinct changes in neural activity, and hence support the view that adaptation is an active time-dependent process which involves different neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Akyuz
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey
| | - Andrea Pavan
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Utku Kaya
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hulusi Kafaligonul
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
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11
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Adams MM, Kafaligonul H. Zebrafish-A Model Organism for Studying the Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Cognitive Brain Aging and Use of Potential Interventions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:135. [PMID: 30443547 PMCID: PMC6221905 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Adams
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Department Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hulusi Kafaligonul
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Kafaligonul H, Albright TD, Stoner GR. Auditory modulation of spiking activity and local field potentials in area MT does not appear to underlie an audiovisual temporal illusion. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:1340-1355. [PMID: 29924710 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00835.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing of brief stationary sounds has been shown to alter the perceived speed of visual apparent motion (AM), presumably by altering the perceived timing of the individual frames of the AM stimuli and/or the duration of the interstimulus intervals (ISIs) between those frames. To investigate the neural correlates of this "temporal ventriloquism" illusion, we recorded spiking and local field potential (LFP) activity from the middle temporal area (area MT) in awake, fixating macaques. We found that the spiking activity of most MT neurons (but not the LFP) was tuned for the ISI/speed (these parameters covaried) of our AM stimuli but that auditory timing had no effect on that tuning. We next asked whether the predicted changes in perceived timing were reflected in the timing of neuronal responses to the individual frames of the AM stimuli. Although spiking dynamics were significantly, if weakly, affected by auditory timing in a minority of neurons, the timing of spike responses did not systematically mirror the predicted perception of stimuli. Conversely, the duration of LFP responses in β- and γ-frequency bands was qualitatively consistent with human perceptual reports. We discovered, however, that LFP responses to auditory stimuli presented alone were robust and that responses to audiovisual stimuli were predicted by the linear sum of responses to auditory and visual stimuli presented individually. In conclusion, we find evidence of auditory input into area MT but not of the nonlinear audiovisual interactions we had hypothesized to underlie the illusion. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We utilized a set of audiovisual stimuli that elicit an illusion demonstrating "temporal ventriloquism" in visual motion and that have spatiotemporal intervals for which neurons within the middle temporal area are selective. We found evidence of auditory input into the middle temporal area but not of the nonlinear audiovisual interactions underlying this illusion. Our findings suggest that either the illusion was absent in our nonhuman primate subjects or the neuronal correlates of this illusion lie within other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulusi Kafaligonul
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Bilkent University , Ankara , Turkey.,Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Bilkent University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Thomas D Albright
- Vision Center Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies , La Jolla, California
| | - Gene R Stoner
- Vision Center Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies , La Jolla, California
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Ogulmus C, Karacaoglu M, Kafaligonul H. Temporal ventriloquism along the path of apparent motion: speed perception under different spatial grouping principles. Exp Brain Res 2017; 236:629-643. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Kaya U, Yildirim FZ, Kafaligonul H. The involvement of centralized and distributed processes in sub-second time interval adaptation: an ERP investigation of apparent motion. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2325-2338. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Utku Kaya
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM); Bilkent University; Ankara Turkey
- Informatics Institute; Middle East Technical University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Fazilet Zeynep Yildirim
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program; Bilkent University; Ankara Turkey
- Institute of Psychology; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Hulusi Kafaligonul
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM); Bilkent University; Ankara Turkey
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program; Bilkent University; Ankara Turkey
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15
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Oluk C, Pavan A, Kafaligonul H. Rapid Motion Adaptation Reveals the Temporal Dynamics of Spatiotemporal Correlation between ON and OFF Pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34073. [PMID: 27667401 PMCID: PMC5036170 DOI: 10.1038/srep34073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At the early stages of visual processing, information is processed by two major thalamic pathways encoding brightness increments (ON) and decrements (OFF). Accumulating evidence suggests that these pathways interact and merge as early as in primary visual cortex. Using regular and reverse-phi motion in a rapid adaptation paradigm, we investigated the temporal dynamics of within and across pathway mechanisms for motion processing. When the adaptation duration was short (188 ms), reverse-phi and regular motion led to similar adaptation effects, suggesting that the information from the two pathways are combined efficiently at early-stages of motion processing. However, as the adaption duration was increased to 752 ms, reverse-phi and regular motion showed distinct adaptation effects depending on the test pattern used, either engaging spatiotemporal correlation between the same or opposite contrast polarities. Overall, these findings indicate that spatiotemporal correlation within and across ON-OFF pathways for motion processing can be selectively adapted, and support those models that integrate within and across pathway mechanisms for motion processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Oluk
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Andrea Pavan
- University of Lincoln, School of Psychology, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Hulusi Kafaligonul
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
Motion perception is a pervasive nature of vision and is affected by both immediate pattern of sensory inputs and prior experiences acquired through associations. Recently, several studies reported that an association can be established quickly between directions of visual motion and static sounds of distinct frequencies. After the association is formed, sounds are able to change the perceived direction of visual motion. To determine whether such rapidly acquired audiovisual associations and their subsequent influences on visual motion perception are dependent on the involvement of higher-order attentive tracking mechanisms, we designed psychophysical experiments using regular and reverse-phi random dot motions isolating low-level pre-attentive motion processing. Our results show that an association between the directions of low-level visual motion and static sounds can be formed and this audiovisual association alters the subsequent perception of low-level visual motion. These findings support the view that audiovisual associations are not restricted to high-level attention based motion system and early-level visual motion processing has some potential role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulusi Kafaligonul
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Oluk
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent University Ankara, Turkey
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulusi Kafaligonul
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bruno G Breitmeyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston Houston, TX, USA ; Center for Neuro-Engineering and Cognitive Science, University of Houston Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haluk Öğmen
- Center for Neuro-Engineering and Cognitive Science, University of Houston Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston Houston, TX, USA
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18
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Abstract
Visual motion processing is essential to survival in a dynamic world and is probably the best-studied facet of visual perception. It has been recently discovered that the timing of brief static sounds can bias visual motion perception, an effect attributed to "temporal ventriloquism" whereby the timing of the sounds "captures" the timing of the visual events. To determine whether this cross-modal interaction is dependent on the involvement of higher-order attentive tracking mechanisms, we used near-threshold motion stimuli that isolated low-level pre-attentive visual motion processing. We found that the timing of brief sounds altered sensitivity to these visual motion stimuli in a manner that paralleled changes in the timing of the visual stimuli. Our findings indicate that auditory timing impacts visual motion processing very early in the processing hierarchy and without the involvement of higher-order attentional and/or position tracking mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulusi Kafaligonul
- Vision Center Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Abstract
Recently, E. Freeman and J. Driver (2008) reported a cross-modal temporal interaction in which brief sounds drive the perceived direction of visual apparent-motion, an effect they attributed to "temporal capture" of the visual stimuli by the sounds (S. Morein-Zamir, S. Soto-Faraco, & A. Kingstone, 2003). Freeman and Driver used "long-range" visual motion stimuli, which travel over long spatial and temporal intervals and engage high-order cortical areas (K. G. Claeys, D. T. Lindsey, E. De Schutter, & G. A. Orban, 2003; Y. Zhuo et al., 2003). We asked whether Freeman and Driver's temporal effects extended to the short-range apparent-motion stimuli that engage cortical area MT, a lower-order area with well-established spatiotemporal selectivity for visual motion (e.g. A. Mikami, 1991, 1992; A. Mikami, W. T. Newsome, & R. H. Wurtz, 1986a, 1986b; W. T. Newsome, A. Mikami, & R. H. Wurtz, 1986). Consistent with a temporal-capture account, we found that static sounds bias the perception of both the direction (Experiment 1) and the speed (Experiment 2) of short-range motion. Our results suggest that auditory timing may interact with visual spatiotemporal processing as early as cortical area MT. Examination of the neuronal responses of this well-studied area to the stimuli used in this study would provide a test and might provide insight into the neuronal representation of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulusi Kafaligonul
- Vision Center Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037-1099, USA.
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Kafaligonul H, Stoner G. The Auditory Capture of Visual Timing Extends to Short-Range Apparent Motion. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ogmen H, Breitmeyer BG, Kafaligonul H, Todd S, Mardon L, Ziegler R. Temporal aspects of contour and brightness processing in meta- and paracontrast. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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