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Elghanam MS, Attia AS, Shoeb HA, Hashem AEM. Expression and purification of hepatitis B surface antigen S from Escherichia coli; a new simple method. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:125. [PMID: 22381042 PMCID: PMC3392745 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B is a liver disease primarily caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It is distributed worldwide and associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. HBV infections can be avoided by the administration of the currently available vaccine and can be easily diagnosed through commercially available kits. Both the vaccine and the diagnostic kits depend on using the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as an antigen. Developing countries such as, Egypt, suffer from the widespread of HBV infections and the limited resources to provide adequate supplies of either the vaccine or the diagnostic kits. Therefore the need for an easy, rapid, low cost method to produce HBsAg is urgently needed within this setting. Findings To achieve this goal, the gene encoding the HBsAg(S) protein was cloned and expressed as a fusion protein with a GST tag in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was successfully expressed and purified in both good quality and quantity. Conclusions The simplified and the relatively low cost of the used protocol make this an attractive alternative to protocols currently used for the purification of HBsAg(S). The exploiting of this achievement for new diagnostics can be directed for application in the developing countries where they are extremely needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Elghanam
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt 11562
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El Awady MK, El Abd YS, Shoeb HA, Tabll AA, Hosny AEDMS, El Shenawy RM, Atef K, Bader El Din NG, Bahgat MM. Circulating viral core and E1 antigen levels as supplemental markers for HCV chronic hepatitis. Virol J 2006; 3:67. [PMID: 16948845 PMCID: PMC1586018 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-3-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of polyclonal monospecific rabbit anti-sera raised against synthetic peptides derived from conserved HCV sequences of genotype 4 was evaluated for efficient detection of viral core and E1 antigens in circulating immune complexes (ICs) precipitated from 65 serum samples of HCV patients. The infection was established in those patients by the presence of HCV RNA in their sera. A novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of HCV core and E1 antigen in serum samples. Western blot analyses were used to demonstrate the presence of the core and E1 target antigen in serum samples. The mean OD readings of both core and E1 antigens were significantly higher (P < 0.05) among the viremic patients when compared to controls. Also a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05, r = 0.98) between the values of both core and E1 was recorded. Western blot analysis based on monospecific antibodies against core and E1 recognized the 38-kDa and 88 -kDa bands respectively in the sera of all infected patients. No specific reaction was observed with the sera from uninfected individuals. Interestingly the results of core and E1 antigen levels displayed no positive correlation with the HCV copy number as measured by bDNA. Liver enzymes (ALT and AST) showed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.44 and 0.47 respectively) with the viral core antigens level. The same trend holds true for E1 (r = 0.43 and 0.64 for ALT and AST respectively). HCV load in infected patients revealed extremely poor correlation with serum ALT and AST levels (r = 0.022 and 0.002 respectively). In conclusion we present a new combination of serological tools correlating with liver enzyme levels that could be utilized as supplemental tests to viral load testing. Also, a sensitive and specific immunoassay was developed for the detection of HCV core and E1 in human serum. This test can be applied for laboratory diagnosis of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa K El Awady
- Department of Biomedical Technology, the National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Yasmine S El Abd
- Department of Biomedical Technology, the National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Hussein A Shoeb
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Tabll
- Department of Biomedical Technology, the National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | | | - Reem M El Shenawy
- Department of Biomedical Technology, the National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Khaled Atef
- Department of Biomedical Technology, the National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Noha G Bader El Din
- Department of Biomedical Technology, the National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Bahgat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, the National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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El Awady MK, El Abd YS, Shoeb HA, Tabll AA, Hosny AEDMS, El Shenawy RM, Atef K, Bader El Din NG, Bahgat MM. Circulating viral core and E1 antigen levels as supplemental markers for HCV chronic hepatitis. Virol J 2006. [PMID: 16948845 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-3-67.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of polyclonal monospecific rabbit anti-sera raised against synthetic peptides derived from conserved HCV sequences of genotype 4 was evaluated for efficient detection of viral core and E1 antigens in circulating immune complexes (ICs) precipitated from 65 serum samples of HCV patients. The infection was established in those patients by the presence of HCV RNA in their sera. A novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of HCV core and E1 antigen in serum samples. Western blot analyses were used to demonstrate the presence of the core and E1 target antigen in serum samples. The mean OD readings of both core and E1 antigens were significantly higher (P < 0.05) among the viremic patients when compared to controls. Also a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05, r = 0.98) between the values of both core and E1 was recorded. Western blot analysis based on monospecific antibodies against core and E1 recognized the 38-kDa and 88 -kDa bands respectively in the sera of all infected patients. No specific reaction was observed with the sera from uninfected individuals. Interestingly the results of core and E1 antigen levels displayed no positive correlation with the HCV copy number as measured by bDNA. Liver enzymes (ALT and AST) showed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.44 and 0.47 respectively) with the viral core antigens level. The same trend holds true for E1 (r = 0.43 and 0.64 for ALT and AST respectively). HCV load in infected patients revealed extremely poor correlation with serum ALT and AST levels (r = 0.022 and 0.002 respectively). In conclusion we present a new combination of serological tools correlating with liver enzyme levels that could be utilized as supplemental tests to viral load testing. Also, a sensitive and specific immunoassay was developed for the detection of HCV core and E1 in human serum. This test can be applied for laboratory diagnosis of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa K El Awady
- Department of Biomedical Technology, the National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt.
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el-Awady MK, Tabll AA, el-Abd YS, Bahgat MM, Shoeb HA, Youssef SS, Bader el-Din NG, Redwan ERM, el-Demellawy M, Omran MH, el-Garf WT, Goueli SA. HepG2 cells support viral replication and gene expression of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in vitro. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:4836-42. [PMID: 16937465 PMCID: PMC4087617 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i30.4836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To establish a cell culture system with long-term replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome and expression of viral antigens in vitro. METHODS HepG2 cell line was tested for its susceptibility to HCV by incubation with a serum from a patient with chronic hepatitis C. Cells and supernatant were harvested at various time points during the culture. Culture supernatant was tested for its ability to infect naive cells. The presence of minus (antisense) RNA strand, and the detection of core and E1 antigens in cells were examined by RT-PCR and immunological techniques (flow cytometry and Western blot) respectively. RESULTS The intracellular HCV RNA was first detected on d 3 after infection and then could be consistently detected in both cells and supernatant over a period of at least three months. The fresh cells could be infected with supernatant from cultured infected cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed surface and intracellular HCV antigen expression using in house made polyclonal antibodies (anti-core, and anti-E1). Western blot analysis showed the expression of a cluster of immunogenic peptides at molecular weights extended between 31 and 45 kDa in an one month old culture of infected cells whereas this cluster was undetectable in uninfected HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION HepG2 cell line is not only susceptible to HCV infection but also supports its replication in vitro. Expression of HCV structural proteins can be detected in infected HepG2 cells. These cells are also capable of shedding viral particles into culture media which in turn become infectious to uninfected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa K el-Awady
- Department of Biomedical Technology, National Research Center, Tahrir Street, PO 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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el-Awady MK, Tabll AA, el-Abd YS, Bahgat MM, Shoeb HA, Youssef SS, Bader el-Din NG, Redwan ERM, el-Demellawy M, Omran MH, el-Garf WT, Goueli SA. HepG2 cells support viral replication and gene expression of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in vitro. World J Gastroenterol 2006. [PMID: 16937465 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i30.4836.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To establish a cell culture system with long-term replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome and expression of viral antigens in vitro. METHODS HepG2 cell line was tested for its susceptibility to HCV by incubation with a serum from a patient with chronic hepatitis C. Cells and supernatant were harvested at various time points during the culture. Culture supernatant was tested for its ability to infect naive cells. The presence of minus (antisense) RNA strand, and the detection of core and E1 antigens in cells were examined by RT-PCR and immunological techniques (flow cytometry and Western blot) respectively. RESULTS The intracellular HCV RNA was first detected on d 3 after infection and then could be consistently detected in both cells and supernatant over a period of at least three months. The fresh cells could be infected with supernatant from cultured infected cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed surface and intracellular HCV antigen expression using in house made polyclonal antibodies (anti-core, and anti-E1). Western blot analysis showed the expression of a cluster of immunogenic peptides at molecular weights extended between 31 and 45 kDa in an one month old culture of infected cells whereas this cluster was undetectable in uninfected HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION HepG2 cell line is not only susceptible to HCV infection but also supports its replication in vitro. Expression of HCV structural proteins can be detected in infected HepG2 cells. These cells are also capable of shedding viral particles into culture media which in turn become infectious to uninfected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa K el-Awady
- Department of Biomedical Technology, National Research Center, Tahrir Street, PO 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Abstract
The effect of ascorbate and anaerobiosis of beta-lactamase content (constitutive and inducible) in relation to the susceptibility of a standard strain of Enterobacter cloacae to ampicillin was studied. Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047 showed increasing susceptibility to ampicillin when incubated anaerobically in the presence of increasing concentrations of ascorbic acid. The inducible beta-lactamase activity in the cell-free extracts of Ent. cloacae decreased when the bacterium was grown aerobically in the presence of ascorbic acid. Under anaerobic growth conditions, however, ascorbic acid abrogated the induction of the enzyme completely. On the other hand, the constitutive enzymatic activity was markedly decreased as the bacterium was grown anaerobically. Thus under these growth conditions ascorbate-anaerobiosis, the total beta-lactamase level in the presence of ampicillin as inducer fell below the basal constitutive activity observed in the absence of ampicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Shoeb
- Department of Pharmaceutics/Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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al-Bekairi AM, Nagi MN, Shoeb HA, al-Sawaf HA. Evidence for superoxide radical production by a simple flavoprotein: glucose oxidase. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1994; 34:233-8. [PMID: 7849633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitroblue tetrazolium was reduced to blue formazan during the oxidation of glucose by glucose oxidase. The rate of blue color formation was dependent on the concentrations of glucose, nitroblue tetrazolium and glucose oxidase. The rate of the reaction was negligible below pH 8.4, but sharply increased with increasing pH. The reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium was inhibited by superoxide dismutase, consistent with the participation of superoxide anion radical in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M al-Bekairi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Shoeb HA. Role of oxygen and metal ions in the instability of streptolysin O. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 1991; 14:383-7. [PMID: 1777123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thiol-containing preparations of streptolysin O (SLO) and pure cysteine generate superoxide radicals in alkaline buffer on autoxidation of the thiol groups. Autoxidation is stimulated by cupric ions. Reconstituted SLO preparations accumulate hydrogen peroxide with a concomitant loss of activity on storage at room temperature. Short-term protection of hemolytic activity was achieved by inclusion of catalase in the preparation; no apparent protection was observed by superoxide dismutase, whereas 1,10-O-phenanthroline offered long-term protection of the hemolysin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Shoeb
- Department of Pharmaceutics/Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Washed intact cells of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, grown under partial anaerobic conditions in nitrate media, reduced nitrate quantitatively when formate was used as a reducing substrate. Nitrate reductase was applied as an index for bacterial adherence to different target surfaces including uroepithelial cells, HeLa cells and fibrin clots. Nitrate reduction by adhered as well as control cells was determined by quantitative diazotization reaction for nitrite. Variations in the conditions which affect adherence gave rise to corresponding variations in the nitrate reduction index from which bacterial adherence can be conveniently determined under these conditions. This method is simple, reproducible and easy to perform in a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Shoeb
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Artemisinin and nine of its semisynthetic derivatives were tested for antibacterial activity against anaerobic, facultative anaerobic, microaerophilic and aerobic bacteria. Only anaerobic bacteria and gonococci showed sensitivity to artemisinin derivatives. Artemisinin and its deoxy derivatives had no activity at 100 micrograms/ml concentration. The newly synthesized methyl diperoxy derivative had the highest activity against all tested anaerobes with a MIC of 9.4 micrograms/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Shoeb
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin were investigated for immunomodulatory activity on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin altered the humoral immune responses of mice to sheep red blood cells. This effect was not exhibited by norfloxacin or ofloxacin. All four quinolones did not alter cell-mediated responses. When these antimicrobial agents were tested for their interaction with human polymorphonuclear phagocytic activity, all agents suppressed this activity. In addition, all except norfloxacin showed anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Shoeb HA, el-Emam MA, Saad AM, Mohamed MA. Molluscicidal activity of Fagonia cretica and Atriplex leucoclada. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1987; 17:539-46. [PMID: 3693953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Shoeb HA, el-Emam MA, el-Sayed MM. The molluscicidal activity of Primulaceae and Chenopodiaceae. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1986; 16:607-16. [PMID: 3782913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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el-Emam MA, Shoeb HA, Ebid FA, Refai LA. Snail control by Calendula micrantha officinalis. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1986; 16:563-71. [PMID: 3782910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
Oxidation of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid) by horseradish peroxidase at the expense of H2O2 yielded reactive species which were able to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium and bleach p-nitrosodimethylaniline. Nicotinic acid hydrazide oxidation did not cause these effects. At slightly alkaline pH, oxidation of isonicotinic acid hydrazide by horseradish peroxidase proceeded at the expense of molecular O2, and the reaction was oxygen consuming. The addition of H2O2 abolished O2 consumption. Bovine liver catalase enhanced the rate of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and decreased the maximal velocity of the reaction proportionately to catalase concentration. During oxidation of isonicotinic acid hydrazide by horseradish peroxidase-H2O2, splitting of the heme group of horseradish peroxidase took place as shown by the disappearance of the Soret and minor bands in the visible region of the spectrum.
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Shoeb HA, Hassan AA, el-Sayed MM, Refahy L. The molluscicidal properties of Agave decepiens and Agave americana (var. marginata). J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1984; 14:265-73. [PMID: 6736709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abstract
We have shown that the hydroxyl radical scavengers sodium benzoate, phenol, dimethyl sulfoxide, sodium formate, and mannitol protect chicken erythrocyte (Ec) target cells from lysis by K-cells in plaque assays. The protection afforded by benzoate, phenol, mannitol, and dimethyl sulfoxide was abrogated if the target cells were pretreated with sodium chromate. Neither superoxide dismutase nor catalase protected Ec target cells, indicating that superoxide and H2O2 are not involved in lysis. The lysis obtained on chromium-treated Ec target cells in the presence of benzoate, phenol, and mannitol is likely due to singlet oxygen, because 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and bilirubin, singlet oxygen scavengers, protected chromium-treated Ec target cells in the presence of phenol. Ec target cells not treated with chromium were not protected by either of the singlet oxygen scavengers.
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Shoeb HA, Koekor MI. Synthesis and biological activity evaluation of some quinolines. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1979; 23:359-65. [PMID: 461960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of some quinolines having the thiosemicarbazide and nitrostyryl moieties is described. 8-nitroquinoline-4-acraldehyde undergoes Vilsmeier reaction with dimethylacetamide to afford the respective pentadiene amide. Screening of the synthesized quinolines for bactericidal and mollusicidal activities is reported.
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Shoeb HA, Korkor MI, Tammam GH. Synthesis and molluscicidal activity evaluation of some nitroquinolines. Pharmazie 1978; 33:581-3. [PMID: 733870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of some nitroquinoline acrylamides, nitrovinylquinolines and quinoline Mannich bases has been carried out. Screening of the synthesized compounds for molluscicidal activity is reported.
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Sallam LA, el-Refai A, Shoeb HA. Microbiological transformation of lucanthone. Indian J Exp Biol 1971; 9:276-7. [PMID: 5106435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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