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Iwata S, Tsumura K, Ashida K, Tokubuchi I, Demiya M, Kitamura M, Ohshima H, Yano M, Nagayama A, Yasuda J, Tsuruta M, Motomura S, Yoshida S, Nomura M. Thyroid-related ophthalmopathy development in concurrence with growth hormone administration. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:168. [PMID: 34412613 PMCID: PMC8375170 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor and local infiltrate lymphocytes have been considered as major pathological factors for developing thyroid-related ophthalmopathy. Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for refractory patients. However, the relationship between activation of growth hormone (GH)/IGF-I receptor signaling and development or exacerbation of thyroid ophthalmopathy has not been elucidated. Herein we describe a case that provides further clarification into the association between thyroid-related ophthalmopathy and GH/IGF-I receptor signaling. CASE PRESENTATION A 62-year-old Japanese female diagnosed with thyroid-related ophthalmopathy was admitted to Kurume University Hospital. She had received daily administration of GH subcutaneously for severe GH deficiency; however, serum IGF-I levels were greater than + 2 standard deviation based on her age and sex. She exhibited mild thyrotoxicosis and elevation in levels of TSH-stimulating antibody. Discontinuation of GH administration attenuated the clinical activity scores of her thyroid-related ophthalmopathy. Additionally, concomitant use of glucocorticoid and radiation therapies resulted in further improvement of thyroid-related ophthalmopathy. The glucocorticoid administration was reduced sequentially, followed by successful termination. Thereafter, the patient did not undergo recurrence of thyroid-related ophthalmopathy and maintained serum IGF-I levels within normal physiological levels. CONCLUSIONS We describe here a case in which development of thyroid-related ophthalmopathy occurred upon initiation of GH administration. GH/IGF-I signaling was highlighted as a risk factor of developing thyroid-related ophthalmopathy. Additionally, aberrant TSH receptor expression was suggested to be a primary pathophysiological mechanism within the development of thyroid-related ophthalmopathy. Physicians should be aware of the risks incurred via GH administration, especially for patients of advanced age, for induction of thyroid-related ophthalmopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Iwata
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsumura
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
- Clinical training center, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ashida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Tokubuchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Omuta City Hospital, Omuta, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mutsuyuki Demiya
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Omuta City Hospital, Omuta, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kitamura
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohshima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mamiko Yano
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ayako Nagayama
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Junichi Yasuda
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Munehisa Tsuruta
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Seiichi Motomura
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nomura
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
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Oshige T, Nakamura Y, Sasaki Y, Kawano S, Ohki T, Tsuruta M, Tokubuchi I, Nakayama H, Yamada K, Ashida K, Tajiri Y, Nomura M. Bromocriptine as a Potential Glucose-lowering Agent for the Treatment of Prolactinoma with Type 2 Diabetes. Intern Med 2019; 58:3125-3128. [PMID: 31243214 PMCID: PMC6875449 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2755-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 22-year-old Japanese woman consulted an endocrinologist due to persistent galactorrhea for the past 10 months. She had hyperprolacinemia and had previously been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on her glycohemoglobin level of 11.6%. After two months, she was admitted to our hospital and finally diagnosed with prolactinoma. For the treatment of prolactinoma, bromocriptine 2.5 mg/day was started. After seven days, her post-prandial blood glucose levels, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and plasma C-peptide levels were significantly improved. These results indicate that traditional bromocriptine can be an effective therapeutic alternative in patients with prolactinoma complicated with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamami Oshige
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yui Nakamura
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuko Sasaki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Seiko Kawano
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ohki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Munehisa Tsuruta
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tokubuchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakayama
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Ashida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuji Tajiri
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nomura
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
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Mifune H, Tajiri Y, Nishi Y, Hara K, Iwata S, Tokubuchi I, Mitsuzono R, Yamada K, Kojima M. Voluntary exercise contributed to an amelioration of abnormal feeding behavior, locomotor activity and ghrelin production concomitantly with a weight reduction in high fat diet-induced obese rats. Peptides 2015; 71:49-55. [PMID: 26122892 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, effects of voluntary exercise in an obese animal model were investigated in relation to the rhythm of daily activity and ghrelin production. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a high fat diet (HFD) or a chow diet (CD) from four to 16 weeks old. They were further subdivided into either an exercise group (HFD-Ex, CD-Ex) with a running wheel for three days of every other week or sedentary group (HFD-Se, CD-Se). At 16 weeks old, marked increases in body weight and visceral fat were observed in the HFD-Se group, together with disrupted rhythms of feeding and locomotor activity. The induction of voluntary exercise brought about an effective reduction of weight and fat, and ameliorated abnormal rhythms of activity and feeding in the HFD-Ex rats. Wheel counts as voluntary exercise was greater in HFD-Ex rats than those in CD-Ex rats. The HFD-obese had exhibited a deterioration of ghrelin production, which was restored by the induction of voluntary exercise. These findings demonstrated that abnormal rhythms of feeding and locomotor activity in HFD-obese rats were restored by infrequent voluntary exercise with a concomitant amelioration of the ghrelin production and weight reduction. Because ghrelin is related to food anticipatory activity, it is plausible that ghrelin participates in the circadian rhythm of daily activity including eating behavior. A beneficial effect of voluntary exercise has now been confirmed in terms of the amelioration of the daily rhythms in eating behavior and physical activity in an animal model of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroharu Mifune
- Institute of Animal Experimentation, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yuji Tajiri
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Nishi
- Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kento Hara
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Shimpei Iwata
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tokubuchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Mitsuzono
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Institute of Health and Sports Science, Kurume University, Kurume 839-8502, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Masayasu Kojima
- Molecular Genetics, Life Science Institute, Kurume University, Kurume 839-0864, Japan
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Yamada K, Nakayama H, Yoshinobu S, Kawano S, Tsuruta M, Nohara M, Hasuo R, Akasu S, Tokubuchi I, Wada N, Hirao S, Iwata S, Kaku H, Tajiri Y. Effects of a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 selective inhibitor, ipragliflozin, on the diurnal profile of plasma glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes: A study using continuous glucose monitoring. J Diabetes Investig 2015; 6:699-707. [PMID: 26543545 PMCID: PMC4627548 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION To assess the effects of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor therapy on the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We administered ipragliflozin to 21 inpatients with type 2 diabetes for 7 days, and analyzed the diurnal profiles of plasma glucose and 3-hydroxybutyrate. A total of 21 age-, sex- and body mass index-matched diabetic patients served as controls. RESULTS Continuous glucose monitoring showed that the 24-h glucose curve was shifted downward without hypoglycemia by the administration of ipragliflozin. The average glucose level was reduced from 182 ± 54 mg/dL to 141 ± 33 mg/dL (P < 0.0001). The magnitude of the reduction was highly correlated with the baseline average glucose level. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was decreased, and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function was increased during the treatment. Urinary glucose excretion was correlated with the average glucose level both on day 0 and on day 7, although the regression line was steeper and shifted leftward on day 7. The ipragliflozin-treated patients lost more weight than the control patients (1.4 ± 0.5 vs 0.5 ± 0.6 kg, P < 0.0001). Plasma levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate were significantly increased with peaks before breakfast and before dinner. Patient age and bodyweight loss were negatively and positively correlated with the peak levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate on day 7, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The ipragliflozin treatment improved the 24-h glucose curve without causing hypoglycemia. The close correlation between the magnitude of glucose reduction and the baseline plasma glucose concentration suggests that the risk of hypoglycemia is likely low. It might be prudent to monitor ketone body levels in younger patients and in patients with rapid weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yamada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakayama
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume, Japan
| | - Satoko Yoshinobu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume, Japan
| | - Seiko Kawano
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume, Japan
| | - Munehisa Tsuruta
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nohara
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume, Japan
| | - Rika Hasuo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume, Japan
| | - Shoko Akasu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tokubuchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Wada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume, Japan
| | - Saori Hirao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume, Japan
| | - Shinpei Iwata
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroo Kaku
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume, Japan
| | - Yuji Tajiri
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume, Japan
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Nakayama H, Tokubuchi I, Wada N, Tsuruta M, Ohki T, Oshige T, Sasaki Y, Iwata S, Kato N, Ohtsuka Y, Matsuo Y, Tajiri Y, Yamada K. Age-related changes in the diurnal variation of ketogenesis in patients with type 2 diabetes and relevance to hypoglycemic medications. Endocr J 2015; 62:235-41. [PMID: 25392021 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej14-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the significance of ketogenesis in the management of diabetes mellitus, we analyzed the factors associated with the diurnal variation of the plasma ketone body levels. The subjects consisted of 220 patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 60 ± 15 years, without advanced complications. They ate a standardized, low-fat meal at 8:00, 12:00, and 18:00. The plasma levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and free fatty acid (FFA) were increased before breakfast and before dinner. The plasma glucose concentration was almost the same at any blood sampling time point among age quartiles. However, the 3HB levels were significantly decreased with age, which was most obvious before dinner. The FFA levels also decreased with age, but the decline was mild. A multiple regression analysis with stepwise selection revealed that age was an independent, negative contributor and that the pre-breakfast FFA concentration was an independent, positive contributor to the pre-breakfast 3HB levels. Regarding the pre-dinner 3HB levels, in addition to age and the pre-dinner FFA concentration, the uses of sulfonylurea and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors were independent negative contributors. The metabolism of ketone bodies is an alternative energy source for the brain under conditions of starvation. While excessive ketogenesis leads to critical ketoacidosis, inadequate ketone body production could be associated with a propensity to develop neurohypoglycemia in elderly patients treated with insulin secretagogues. Because age-related changes in ketogenesis were the most significant before dinner, attention should be paid not only to fasting but also to the pre-dinner levels of 3HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Nakayama
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
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Eguchi H, Tani J, Hirao S, Tsuruta M, Tokubuchi I, Yamada K, Kasaoka M, Teshima Y, Kakuma T, Hiromatsu Y. Liver Dysfunction Associated with Intravenous Methylprednisolone Pulse Therapy in Patients with Graves' Orbitopathy. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:835979. [PMID: 26221141 PMCID: PMC4499413 DOI: 10.1155/2015/835979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) pulse therapy is the first-line treatment for the active phase of moderate to severe Graves' orbitopathy (GO). However, acute and severe liver damage has been reported during and after IVMP therapy. In this retrospective study, we investigated risk factors for liver dysfunction during and after IVMP therapy based on 175 Japanese patients with moderate to severe GO and treated at our center between 2003 and 2011. The results showed that seven patients developed severe liver dysfunction with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT > 300 U/L). Mild (40-100 U/L) and moderate (100-300 U/L) increases of ALT occurred in 62 patients (35%) and 10 patients (6%), respectively. Liver dysfunction was more frequently observed in males, in patients receiving high-dose methylprednisolone, and patients aged over 50 years. Preexistent viral hepatitis was significantly associated with liver dysfunction (65% in patients positive for hepatitis B core antibody and patients positive for hepatitis C virus antibodies). Our study confirmed the association of liver dysfunction with IVMP during and after treatment. It suggests that, in patients with GO, evaluation of preexisting risk factors-including viral hepatitis-and careful weekly monitoring of liver function during IVMP therapy and monthly thereafter for 12 months are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Eguchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Junichi Tani
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Saori Hirao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Munehisa Tsuruta
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tokubuchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Masataka Kasaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yasuo Teshima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Kakuma
- Division of Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yuji Hiromatsu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- *Yuji Hiromatsu:
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Nakayama H, Kato T, Nakayama S, Kaku H, Muraishi K, Tokubuchi I, Hara K, Kato T, Wada N, Tsuruta M, Ohki T, Tanaka K, Mitsuzaki K, Tajiri Y, Yamada K. Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Analyses of Factors Contributing to the Progressive Loss of the β-cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes. Intern Med 2015; 54:1971-6. [PMID: 26278286 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.4351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease characterized by insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction. In this study, we assessed the factors contributing to an insulin secretory defect in type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS The subjects consisted of 382 patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 57±13 years. We estimated the β-cell function using 6-min post-glucagon increments in C-peptide (ΔCPR). RESULTS A significant inverse correlation was observed between the time since the diagnosis of diabetes and ΔCPR. A simple liner regression analysis showed that ΔCPR decreases at a rate of 0.056 ng/mL/year. According to a multiple regression model, body mass index (BMI) and log (triglyceride) were positively correlated with ΔCPR. Time since the diagnosis of diabetes, diabetes in 1st degree relatives, the presence of diabetic retinopathy, and HbA1c were inversely correlated with ΔCPR. In 50 patients who underwent the glucagon stimulation test twice, the ΔCPR decreased from 2.27±1.47 to 1.72±1.08 ng/mL over a period of 6.5±0.9 years. A multiple regression analysis revealed the BMI and fasting plasma glucose level to be significant contributing factors to the decline in ΔCPR. CONCLUSION The duration of diabetes, a low BMI, genetic factors, and the presence of microangiopathy may be associated with β-cell dysfunction in diabetic patients. The observations in this study suggest that obese subjects showed a rapid decline in the β-cell function despite an initial high CPR response. Environmental factors causing insulin resistance and glucotoxicity may therefore be involved in progressive β-cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Nakayama
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
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Kato T, Tokubuchi I, Muraishi K, Sato S, Kato T, Hara K, Tanaka K, Kaku H, Tajiri Y, Yamada K. Distinct pharmacodynamics of insulin glargine and insulin detemir: crossover comparison in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients on basal-bolus regimen. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010; 90:e64-6. [PMID: 20850885 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We compared blood glucose profile when glargine or detemir was injected once daily before dinner in combination with pre-meal insulin lispro by a crossover design. Glargine showed lower post-dinner and bedtime glucose levels in Type 1 diabetes, and lower pre-dinner and post-dinner glucose levels in Type 2 diabetes than detemir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kato
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011 Japan.
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Sato S, Muraishi K, Tani J, Sasaki Y, Tokubuchi I, Tajiri Y, Yamada K, Suekane S, Miyajima J, Matsuoka K, Hiromatsu Y. Clinical characteristics of thyroid abnormalities induced by sunitinib treatment in Japanese patients with renal cell carcinoma. Endocr J 2010; 57:873-80. [PMID: 20733268 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.k10e-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is effective for advanced renal cell carcinoma. However, sunitinib often causes hypothyroidism. In this study, we report eight cases with thyroid dysfunction that occurred during sunitinib treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma. In seven cases, mild hypothyroidism developed early in the first treatment cycle, and recovered spontaneously. Transient hyperthyroidism was observed during the second or third treatment cycles and was preceded by a rapid increase in thyroglobulin levels. (99m)Tc scintigraphy in the hyperthyroid state showed decreased thyroidal uptake of (99m)TcO(4)(-), suggesting destructive thyroiditis. Hypothyroidism subsequently developed, requiring levothyroxine replacement therapy. Ultrasonography showed a hypoechogenic pattern of the parenchyma and decreased intrathyroidal blood flow. The thyroid glands ultimately became atrophic, which may progress to permanent hypothyroidism. These findings suggest that sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism may occur frequently and may be a consequence of thyroiditis with transient thyrotoxicosis. The marked decrease in thyroid size due to reduced capillary blood flow induced by VEGF receptor inhibition may cause delayed and/or permanent hypothyroidism. Therefore, thyroid function should be monitored in all patients treated with sunitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Sato
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
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