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Sidorenko VS, Cohen I, Dorjee K, Minetti CA, Remeta DP, Gao J, Potapova I, Wang HZ, Hearing J, Yen WY, Kim HK, Hashimoto K, Moriya M, Dickman KG, Yin X, Garcia-Diaz M, Chennamshetti R, Bonala R, Johnson F, Waldeck AL, Gupta R, Li C, Breslauer KJ, Grollman AP, Rosenquist TA. Mechanisms of antiviral action and toxicities of ipecac alkaloids: Emetine and dehydroemetine exhibit anti-coronaviral activities at non-cardiotoxic concentrations. Virus Res 2024; 341:199322. [PMID: 38228190 PMCID: PMC10831786 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of highly infectious pathogens with their potential for triggering global pandemics necessitate the development of effective treatment strategies, including broad-spectrum antiviral therapies to safeguard human health. This study investigates the antiviral activity of emetine, dehydroemetine (DHE), and congeneric compounds against SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43, and evaluates their impact on the host cell. Concurrently, we assess the potential cardiotoxicity of these ipecac alkaloids. Significantly, our data reveal that emetine and the (-)-R,S isomer of 2,3-dehydroemetine (designated in this paper as DHE4) reduce viral growth at nanomolar concentrations (i.e., IC50 ∼ 50-100 nM), paralleling those required for inhibition of protein synthesis, while calcium channel blocking activity occurs at elevated concentrations (i.e., IC50 ∼ 40-60 µM). Our findings suggest that the antiviral mechanisms primarily involve disruption of host cell protein synthesis and is demonstrably stereoisomer specific. The prospect of a therapeutic window in which emetine or DHE4 inhibit viral propagation without cardiotoxicity renders these alkaloids viable candidates in strategies worthy of clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya S Sidorenko
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Ira Cohen
- Department of Physiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Kunchok Dorjee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, John Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Conceição A Minetti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - David P Remeta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Junyuan Gao
- Department of Physiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Irina Potapova
- Department of Physiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Hong Zhan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Janet Hearing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Wan-Yi Yen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Hwan Keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Keiji Hashimoto
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Masaaki Moriya
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Kathleen G Dickman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Xingyu Yin
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Miguel Garcia-Diaz
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Rajesh Chennamshetti
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Radha Bonala
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Francis Johnson
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Amanda L Waldeck
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Ramesh Gupta
- ChemMaster International Inc., Happauge, New York 11788, USA
| | - Chaoping Li
- Chemistry Service Unit of Shanghai Haoyuan Chemexpress Co., Ltd., Shanghai, PR China 201203
| | - Kenneth J Breslauer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Arthur P Grollman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Thomas A Rosenquist
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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Ghafary I, Kim CK, Roth E, Lu M, Taub EM, Lee S, Cohen I, Lu Z. The association of QTc prolongation with cardiovascular events in cancer patients taking tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Cardiooncology 2023; 9:25. [PMID: 37208762 DOI: 10.1186/s40959-023-00178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between stages of QTc prolongation and the risk of cardiac events among patients on TKIs. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study performed at an academic tertiary care center of cancer patients who were taking TKIs or not taking TKIs. Patients with two recorded ECGs between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2019, were selected from an electronic database. The QTc duration > 450ms was determined as prolonged. The association between QTc prolongation progression and events of cardiovascular disease were compared. RESULTS This study included a total of 451 patients with 41.2% of patients taking TKIs. During a median follow up period of 3.1 years, 49.5% subjects developed CVD and 5.4% subjects suffered cardiac death in patient using TKIs (n = 186); the corresponding rates are 64.2% and 1.2% for patients not on TKIs (n = 265), respectively. Among patient on TKIs, 4.8% of subjects developed stroke, 20.4% of subjects suffered from heart failure (HF) and 24.2% of subjects had myocardial infarction (MI); corresponding incidence are 6.8%, 26.8% and 30.6% in non-TKIs. When patients were regrouped to TKIs versus non-TKIs with and without diabetes, there was no significant difference in the incidence of cardiac events among all groups. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). There is a significant increased risk of HF events (HR, 95% CI: 2.12, 1.36-3.32) and MI events (HR, 95% CI: 1.78, 1.16-2.73) during the 1st visit. There are also trends for an increased incidence of cardiac adverse events associated with QTc prolongation among patient with QTc > 450ms, however the difference is not statistically significant. Increased cardiac adverse events in patients with QTc prolongation were reproduced during the 2nd visit and the incidence of heart failure was significantly associated with QTc prolongation(HR, 95% CI: 2.94, 1.73-5.0). CONCLUSION There is a significant increased QTc prolongation in patients taking TKIs. QTc prolongation caused by TKIs is associated with an increased risk of cardiac events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Ghafary
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Chang-Kyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Eric Roth
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Michael Lu
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Erin M Taub
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Susan Lee
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Ira Cohen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Zhongju Lu
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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Li M, Flora P, Pu H, Bar C, Silva J, Cohen I, Galbo P, Liu H, Yu X, Jin J, Koseki H, D’Orazio J, Zheng D, Ezhkova E. 712 UV-induced reduction in polycomb repression promotes epidermal pigmentation. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lu Z, Luu Y, Ip J, Husain I, Lu M, Kim CK, Yang P, Chu D, Lin R, Cohen I, Kaell A. The Risk of QTc Prolongation in Non-Diabetic and Diabetic Patients Taking Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs)- A Patient Safety Project at a Private Oncology Practice. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2021; 11:799-807. [PMID: 34804394 PMCID: PMC8604509 DOI: 10.1080/20009666.2021.1978652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the prevalence of QTc prolongation in both non-diabetic and diabetic patients on TKIs. Some TKIs have been reported to cause QTc prolongation, which is prevalent in diabetes. However, there is no Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy using series ECG to monitor those patients. Methods:
Patients taking TKIs, with two ECGs recorded between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2017 were selected from the electronic database. The QTc duration >450 ms was determined as prolonged. Percentage of QTc prolongation on participants were compared using Chi-Square test. Results:
This study included 313 patients (age 66.1 ± 0.8 years and 57.5% are female) taking TKIs. In non-Diabetic patients, the prevalence of QTc prolongation is 19.1% (n = 253) before and 34.8% (n = 253) after treatment with TKIs (p < 0.001), respectively. In diabetic patients, the prevalence of QTc prolongation is 21.7% (n = 60) before and 40% (n = 60) after treatment with TKIs (p = 0.03), respectively. In addition, we examined the effect of modifying risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) on the prevalence of QTc prolongation caused by TKIs. In non-diabetic patients, the prevalence of QTc prolongation is 33.3% (n = 57) before and 34.2% (n = 196) after risk factors modification (p = 0.91), respectively. In diabetic patients, the prevalence of QTc prolongation is 50% (n = 24) before and 33.3% (n = 36) after risk factors modification (p = 0.20), respectively. Conclusion:
Use of TKIs is associated with a significantly increased risk of QTc prolongation for patients, particularly when patients are diabetic. Modification of risk factors for CVD does not significantly affect the prevalence of QTc prolongation caused by TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongju Lu
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ying Luu
- Department of Internal Medicine, John T. Mather Memorial Hospital, Port Jefferson, NY, USA
| | - Jack Ip
- Department of Internal Medicine, John T. Mather Memorial Hospital, Port Jefferson, NY, USA
| | - Imran Husain
- Department of Internal Medicine, John T. Mather Memorial Hospital, Port Jefferson, NY, USA
| | - Michael Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Chang-Kyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - David Chu
- New York Cancer & Blood Specialists, East Setauket, NY, USA
| | - Richard Lin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ira Cohen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Alan Kaell
- Department of Internal Medicine, John T. Mather Memorial Hospital, Port Jefferson, NY, USA
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Mahmood LA, Thaniel L, Martin B, Marguiles S, Reece-Stremtan S, Idiokitas R, Bettini E, Hardy SJ, Cohen I, Connolly M, Darbari DS. Integrative holistic approaches for children, adolescents, and young adults with sickle cell disease: A single center experience. Complement Ther Med 2021; 60:102680. [PMID: 33601015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Painful vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) are the most common cause of morbidity, hospitalizations, and poor quality of life. Additional symptoms such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, and stress are also common. Non-traditional approaches are often used by families, but concerns remain that patients may forgo standard of care effective therapies in favor of dangerous unproven alternatives. OBJECTIVES To describe a single center experience related to a multidisciplinary integrative medicine clinic within the division of hematology dedicated to children and young adults with SCD. METHODS The Sickle Cell Integrative Clinic at Children's National Hospital services patients with SCD. The main goal of this clinic is to provide access to non-pharmacologic interventions, and to manage patients' symptoms in a holistic manner along with standard of care management of SCD. This IRB approved study evaluated experiences of both patients and parents who attended this clinic. RESULTS Thirty-seven unique patients attended this clinic over 2 years and 31 participated in the study. After attending the SCD integrative clinic, the majority of patients reported integrative therapies to be an acceptable way of treating pain and believed these to be effective. Overall, the vast majority (88 %) of patients reported having a positive experience with the therapies offered in the clinic. None of the patients experienced any adverse events related to integrative therapies provided in the clinic. CONCLUSION Our experience suggests that encouraging conversations and offering safe and potentially effective integrative therapies alongside conventional SCD therapies under medical guidance allows patients to have an open discussion about their beliefs and treatment goals, improves patient satisfaction and can improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila A Mahmood
- Pediatric Palliative Care Program, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA; Division of Hematology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA; Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, District of Columbia, USA.
| | - Lisa Thaniel
- Division of Hematology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Brenda Martin
- Division of Hematology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Stefanie Marguiles
- Division of Hematology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Sarah Reece-Stremtan
- Division of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA; Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Risi Idiokitas
- Pediatric Palliative Care Program, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bettini
- Pediatric Palliative Care Program, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Steven J Hardy
- Division of Hematology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA; Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ira Cohen
- Division of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA; Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Megan Connolly
- Division of Hematology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA; Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Deepika S Darbari
- Division of Hematology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA; Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, District of Columbia, USA.
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Irwin R, Feeney E, Secchieri C, Galesso D, Cohen I, Oliviero F, Ramonda R, Bonassar L. Distinct tribological endotypes of pathological human synovial fluid reveal characteristic biomarkers and variation in efficacy of viscosupplementation at reducing local strains in articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:492-501. [PMID: 32105835 PMCID: PMC7707424 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Viscosupplementation has been used for decades to treat mild to moderate osteoarthritis, yet it is unknown if the lubricating function of different pathological synovial fluids (SF) vary, or if they respond differentially to viscosupplementation. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the friction coefficients and induced shear strains in articular cartilage when lubricated with pathological SF, (ii) identify the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) supplementation on friction coefficients and shear strains, and (iii) identify SF biomarkers that correlate with lubricating function. METHOD Human pathological SF was grouped by white blood cell count (inflammatory: >2000 cells/mm3, n = 6; non-inflammatory: <2000 cells/mm3, n = 6). Compositional analyses for lubricin and cytokines were performed. Friction coefficients and local tissue shear strain measurements were coupled using new, microscale rheological analyses by lubricating neonatal bovine cartilage explants with SF alone and in a 1:1 ratio with HA (Hymovis®). RESULTS Friction coefficients were not significantly different between the inflammatory and non-inflammatory pathologies (p = 0.09), and were poorly correlated with peak tissue strains at the cartilage articular surface (R2 = 0.34). A subset of inflammatory SF samples induced higher tissue strains, and HA supplementation was most effective at lowering friction and tissue strains in this inflammatory subset. Across all pathologies there were clear relationships between polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN), IL-8, and lubricin concentrations with cartilage tissue strains. CONCLUSION These results suggest that pathological SF is characterized by distinct tribological endotypes where SF lubricating behaviors are differentially modified by viscosupplementation and are identifiable by biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.M. Irwin
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E. Feeney
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | - I. Cohen
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - F. Oliviero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - R. Ramonda
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - L.J. Bonassar
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: L.J. Bonassar, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 237 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. Tel.: 607-255-9381. (L.J. Bonassar)
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Lu MK, Gordon C, Zuckerman J, Brink P, Cohen I. MicroRNAs Contribute to Angiotensin II‐Mediated Regulation of Transmural Electrical Remodeling in the Heart. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.08866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tau N, Cohen I, Barash Y, Klang E. Free abdominal gas on computed tomography in the emergency department: aetiologies and association between amount of free gas and mortality. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2020; 102:581-589. [PMID: 32233866 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2020.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Free abdominal gas is an important finding with major clinical implications. However, data on the aetiologies and prognosis of patients with free gas are scarce. Our primary aim was to describe the sources of free abdominal gas on emergency department (ED) computed tomography (CT). The secondary aim was to evaluate the association between the amount of free gas and all-cause mortality. METHODS All patients who underwent CT in the ED between February 2012 and February 2019 with free abdominal gas were included in the study. A scoring system was used to assess the amount of free gas: small - gas bubbles; medium - any gas pocket ≤2cm in diameter; large - any gas pocket >2cm. Data were collected from laboratory and clinical assessment regarding the source of free gas and all-cause mortality. RESULTS A total of 372 patients had free abdominal gas. Colonic diverticulitis was the most common aetiology among those with a small or medium amount of free gas (81/250 [32.4%] and 12/71 [16.9%] respectively). For patients with a large amount of gas, peptic disease was the most common aetiology (11/51 [21.6%]). Three-quarters of the patients (280/372, 75.2%) had the source of free gas identified during ED admission. Ninety-day mortality rates were 7.2%, 9.9% and 21.6% for patients with small, medium and large amounts of gas respectively (p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS Colonic diverticulitis was the most common source of free abdominal gas and peptic disease was the most common cause of a large amount of free gas. Mortality rates correlated with the amount of gas and were significantly higher in patients with a large amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tau
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, , Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - I Cohen
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, , Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Barash
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, , Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Klang
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, , Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Nguyen M, Cohen I, Valdes J, Xu Z, Bar C, Dauber K, Tsai P, Zhao D, Zheng D, Hsu Y, Chen T, Ezhkova E. 869 The specification of Merkel cell in the back skin and glabrous paw skin is controlled by FGFR2-meditated signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Cohen I, Zhao D, Menon G, Nakayama M, Koseki H, Zheng D, Ezhkova E. 287 Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) preserves epidermal tissue integrity independently of PRC2. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Torbert RB, Burch JL, Phan TD, Hesse M, Argall MR, Shuster J, Ergun RE, Alm L, Nakamura R, Genestreti KJ, Gershman DJ, Paterson WR, Turner DL, Cohen I, Giles BL, Pollock CJ, Wang S, Chen LJ, Stawarz JE, Eastwood JP, Hwang KJ, Farrugia C, Dors I, Vaith H, Mouikis C, Ardakani A, Mauk BH, Fuselier SA, Russell CT, Strangeway RJ, Moore TE, Drake JF, Shay MA, Khotyaintsev YV, Lindqvist PA, Baumjohann W, Wilder FD, Ahmadi N, Dorelli JC, Avanov LA, Oka M, Baker DN, Fennell JF, Blake JB, Jaynes AN, Le Contel O, Petrinec SM, Lavraud B, Saito Y. Electron-scale dynamics of the diffusion region during symmetric magnetic reconnection in space. Science 2018; 362:1391-1395. [PMID: 30442767 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic reconnection is an energy conversion process that occurs in many astrophysical contexts including Earth's magnetosphere, where the process can be investigated in situ by spacecraft. On 11 July 2017, the four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft encountered a reconnection site in Earth's magnetotail, where reconnection involves symmetric inflow conditions. The electron-scale plasma measurements revealed (i) super-Alfvénic electron jets reaching 15,000 kilometers per second; (ii) electron meandering motion and acceleration by the electric field, producing multiple crescent-shaped structures in the velocity distributions; and (iii) the spatial dimensions of the electron diffusion region with an aspect ratio of 0.1 to 0.2, consistent with fast reconnection. The well-structured multiple layers of electron populations indicate that the dominant electron dynamics are mostly laminar, despite the presence of turbulence near the reconnection site.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Torbert
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA. .,Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - J L Burch
- Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - T D Phan
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Hesse
- Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), San Antonio, TX, USA.,University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - M R Argall
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - J Shuster
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - R E Ergun
- University of Colorado Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - L Alm
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Nakamura
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - K J Genestreti
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - D J Gershman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - W R Paterson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - D L Turner
- Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, USA
| | - I Cohen
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - B L Giles
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - C J Pollock
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - S Wang
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - L-J Chen
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.,University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J E Stawarz
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J P Eastwood
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - K J Hwang
- Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - C Farrugia
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - I Dors
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - H Vaith
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - C Mouikis
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - A Ardakani
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - B H Mauk
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - S A Fuselier
- Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), San Antonio, TX, USA.,University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - C T Russell
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - T E Moore
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J F Drake
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - M A Shay
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | | | - W Baumjohann
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - F D Wilder
- University of Colorado Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - N Ahmadi
- University of Colorado Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J C Dorelli
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - L A Avanov
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - M Oka
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D N Baker
- University of Colorado Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - J B Blake
- Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, USA
| | | | - O Le Contel
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique/Sorbonne Université/Univ. Paris Sud/Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France
| | - S M Petrinec
- Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - B Lavraud
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, CNRS, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Y Saito
- Institute for Space and Astronautical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
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12
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Bellabah A, Benkirane A, Ibrahimi A, Nakhli A, Sair A, Nakhli A, Essaid A, Blel A, Ibrahimi A, Lahchaichi A, Ben Slama A, Ouni A, Amouri A, Jemaa A, Cherif A, Khsiba A, Hssine A, Djobbi A, Guedich A, Laabidi A, Mensi A, Ouakaa A, Sriha A, Choukri A, Green A, Belkhamsa A, Hammami A, Bourigua A, Filali A, Belabeh A, Ouakaa A, Sentissi A, Ait Errami A, Nadi A, Filankembo A, Lamine A, Badre W, Ben Kaab B, Ben Slimane B, S B, Hasnaoui B, Bouchabou B, Bouguerra C, Baccouche C, Ayadi C, Bennasrallah C, Benajah D, Gargouri D, Zehi D, Issaoui D, Cherif D, Ben Ghachem D, Trad D, Bouaiti E, Boutouria E, Bel Hadj Mabrouk E, Chalbi E, Aait E, Bouhamou F, Haddad F, Lairani F, Saffar F, Torjmen F, Haj Kacem F, Hamdane F, Chabib FZ, Elrhaoussi FZ, Moumayez FZ, Loukil F, Ahmed Djouldé Diallo F, Aissaoui F, Ajana F, Chabib F, Hamdoun F, Moumayez F, Hamdane F, Haddad F, Bennani Kella G, Bennani G, Abid H, Cheikhani H, Ouazzani H, Romdhane H, Seddik H, Sghir H, Debbabi H, Ben Jeddi H, Garraoui H, Letaief H, Kchir H, Elloumi H, Hammami H, Jaziri H, Ben Abdallah H, Chaabouni H, Ben Romdhane H, Yacoub H, Ben Jeddi H, Elloumi H, Gdoura H, Kchir H, Sahli H, Loghmari H, Bouguerra H, Maghrebi H, Ben Nejma H, Jlassi H, Elloumi H, Fourati H, Alaoui H, Ismail H, Benelbarhdadi I, Cohen I, Errabih I, Koti I, Doghri I, Cohen I, Elhidaoui I, Haraki I, Cheikh I, Abdelaali I, Jemni I, Bouennene I, Akoch I, H I, Boubaker J, Krati K, Eljery K, Temani K, Bellil K, Chabbouh K, Boughoula K, Ouazzani L, Ben Yaghlene L, Kallel L, A L, Hamzaoui L, Chtourou L, Ben Farhat L, Bouabid L, Mnif L, Mouelhi L, Safer L, Zouiten Mekki L, Bourehma M, El Akbari M, El Khayari M, Elyousfi M, Firwana M, Lahlali M, Tahiri M, Mestouri M, Abdelwahed M, Ben Hamida M, Ben Chaabane M, Moalla M, Yakoubi M, Sabbah M, Serghini M, Amri M, Ben Abbes M, Ben Cheikh M, Ghribi M, Hafi M, El Khayari M, Ben Abdelwahed M, Ksiaa M, Essid M, Zakhama M, Yousfi M, Sabbah M, Ayari M, Belhadj M, Cheickh M, Kacem M, Horma Alaoui M, Abid M, Bennour MA, Ghanem M, Loghmari MH, Douggui MH, Azouz MM, Abdelli MN, Boudabous M, Feki M, Fekih M, Kacem M, Mahmoudi M, Boudabbous M, Figuigui M, Medhioub M, Safer M, Azzouz M, Yakoubi M, Abbes M, Amri M, El Abkari M, Aqodad N, Azib N, Bellil N, Benhoumane N, Benzoubbeir N, Elkhabiz N, Hemdani N, Lahmidani N, Abdelli N, Ben Chaabane N, Tahri N, Azib N, Benhoummane N, Ben Jaafar N, Ben Mustapha N, Maamouri N, Elkhabiz N, Bellil N, Hannachi N, Hemdani N, Ben Alaya N, Bibani N, Trad N, Elleuch N, Lahmidani N, Kharmach O, Bahri O, Bousnina O, Gharbi O, Kharmach O, Benjira R, Ennaifer R, Dabbèche R, Jouini R, Zgolli R, Baklouti R, Bouali Mohamed R, Marouani R, Kallel R, Ennaifer R, Berrag S, El Yazal S, Jiddi S, Mechhour S, Morabit S, Oubaha S, Sentissi S, Bouaziz S, Soua S, Hachicha S, Elaboudi S, Ajmi S, Mallat S, Bouchoucha S, Mrabti S, Ben Slama S, Hamdi S, Laabidi S, Ayadi S, Hidri S, Bizid S, Ben Hamida S, Zertiti S, Ben Amor S, Nsibi S, Bellakhal S, Bahja S, Jomni T, Hliwa W, Rebai W, Ben Mansour W, Ben Othmen W, Dhouib W, Hammoumi W, Zaatour W, Bouhlel W, Feki W, Triki W, Said Y, Zaimi Y, Gorgi Y, Bouhnoun Z, Samlani Z, Hamidi Z, Mnif Z, Ben Safta Z. Oral communication and poster abstracts of the 22nd National Congress of Gastroenterology joint to the 4th Maghrebian Congress of Gastroenterology. December 2018. Tunis Med 2018; 96:932-1007. [PMID: 31131873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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13
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Park E, Cohen I, Gonzalez M, Castellano MR, Flory M, Jenkins EC, Brown WT, Schuller-Levis G. Is Taurine a Biomarker in Autistic Spectrum Disorder? Adv Exp Med Biol 2018; 975 Pt 1:3-16. [PMID: 28849439 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid which is not incorporated into protein. However, taurine has various critical physiological functions including development of the eye and brain, reproduction, osmoregulation, and immune functions including anti-inflammatory as well as anti-oxidant activity. The causes of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) are not clear but a high heritability implicates an important role for genetic factors. Reports also implicate oxidative stress and inflammation in the etiology of ASD. Thus, taurine, a well-known antioxidant and regulator of inflammation, was investigated here using the sera from both girls and boys with ASD as well as their siblings and parents. Previous reports regarding taurine serum concentrations in ASD from various laboratories have been controversial. To address the potential role of taurine in ASD, we collected sera from 66 children with ASD (males: 45; females: 21, age 1.5-11.5 years, average age 5.2 ± 1.6) as well as their unaffected siblings (brothers: 24; sisters: 32, age 1.5-17 years, average age 7.0 ± 2.0) as controls of the children with ASD along with parents (fathers: 49; mothers: 54, age 28-45 years). The sera from normal adult controls (males: 47; females: 51, age 28-48 years) were used as controls for the parents. Taurine concentrations in all sera samples were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a phenylisothiocyanate labeling technique. Taurine concentrations from female and male children with ASD were 123.8 ± 15.2 and 145.8 ± 8.1 μM, respectively, and those from their unaffected brothers and sisters were 142.6 ± 10.4 and 150.8 ± 8.4 μM, respectively. There was no significant difference in taurine concentration between autistic children and their unaffected siblings. Taurine concentrations in children with ASD were also not significantly different from their parents (mothers: 139.6 ± 7.7 μM, fathers: 147.4 ± 7.5 μM). No significant difference was observed between adult controls and parents of ASD children (control females: 164.8 ± 4.8 μM, control males: 163.0 ± 7.0 μM). However, 21 out of 66 children with ASD had low taurine concentrations (<106 μM). Since taurine has anti-oxidant activity, children with ASD with low taurine concentrations will be examined for abnormal mitochondrial function. Our data imply that taurine may be a valid biomarker in a subgroup of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyue Park
- Departments of Developmental Neurobiology, NY State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Rd, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA.
| | - Ira Cohen
- Department of Psychology, NY State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
| | - Maripaz Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, NY State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
| | - Mario R Castellano
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Division of Research, Department of Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital-Northwell Health, Staten Island, NY, 10305, USA
| | - Michael Flory
- Department of Infant Development, NY State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
| | - Edmund C Jenkins
- Department of Human Genetics, NY State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
| | - W Ted Brown
- Department of Human Genetics, NY State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
| | - Georgia Schuller-Levis
- Departments of Developmental Neurobiology, NY State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Rd, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
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14
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Cohen I, Kaminsky E, Joshua H, Klibansky C, Kohn A, De Vries A. Action of Newcastle Disease Virus on Human Blood Platelets. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1655601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryNewcastle Disease Virus induces a viscous metamorphosis like process in washed platelets.This virus liberates from platelets lactic dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase, depletes their ATP content and impairs their ability to concentrate 5-hydroxy-tryptamine.Since Newcastle Disease Virus has adenosine triphosphatase activity, a possible role of this viral enzyme in the production of viscous metamorphosis and in inhibition of clot retraction is discussed.Treatment of platelets by Newcastle Disease Virus or by particulate fraction from normal allantoic fluid causes liberation of a platelet factor 3-like substance.
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15
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Fenker B, Gorelov A, Melconian D, Behr JA, Anholm M, Ashery D, Behling RS, Cohen I, Craiciu I, Gwinner G, McNeil J, Mehlman M, Olchanski K, Shidling PD, Smale S, Warner CL. Precision Measurement of the β Asymmetry in Spin-Polarized ^{37}K Decay. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:062502. [PMID: 29481259 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.062502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using Triumf's neutral atom trap, Trinat, for nuclear β decay, we have measured the β asymmetry with respect to the initial nuclear spin in ^{37}K to be A_{β}=-0.5707(13)_{syst}(13)_{stat}(5)_{pol}, a 0.3% measurement. This is the best relative accuracy of any β-asymmetry measurement in a nucleus or the neutron, and is in agreement with the standard model prediction -0.5706(7). We compare constraints on physics beyond the standard model with other β-decay measurements, and improve the value of V_{ud} measured in this mirror nucleus by a factor of 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fenker
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, 3366 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-3366, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, 4242 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - A Gorelov
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - D Melconian
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, 3366 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-3366, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, 4242 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - J A Behr
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M Anholm
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - D Ashery
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - R S Behling
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, 3366 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-3366, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3012 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-3012, USA
| | - I Cohen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - I Craiciu
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - G Gwinner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - J McNeil
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - M Mehlman
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, 3366 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-3366, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, 4242 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - K Olchanski
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - P D Shidling
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, 3366 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-3366, USA
| | - S Smale
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - C L Warner
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
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Pikul JH, Li S, Bai H, Hanlon RT, Cohen I, Shepherd RF. Stretchable surfaces with programmable 3D texture morphing for synthetic camouflaging skins. Science 2017; 358:210-214. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aan5627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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17
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Abraham W, Sabater J, McClain D, Ball R, Beerman M, Baden D, Bourdelais A, Salathe M, Milla C, Cohen I. EPS1.8 The anti-inflammatory activity of the mucociliary clearance agent brevenal enhances the efficacy of cystic fibrosis therapies. J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Weidt S, Randall J, Webster SC, Lake K, Webb AE, Cohen I, Navickas T, Lekitsch B, Retzker A, Hensinger WK. Trapped-Ion Quantum Logic with Global Radiation Fields. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:220501. [PMID: 27925715 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.220501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Trapped ions are a promising tool for building a large-scale quantum computer. However, the number of required radiation fields for the realization of quantum gates in any proposed ion-based architecture scales with the number of ions within the quantum computer, posing a major obstacle when imagining a device with millions of ions. Here, we present a fundamentally different approach for trapped-ion quantum computing where this detrimental scaling vanishes. The method is based on individually controlled voltages applied to each logic gate location to facilitate the actual gate operation analogous to a traditional transistor architecture within a classical computer processor. To demonstrate the key principle of this approach we implement a versatile quantum gate method based on long-wavelength radiation and use this method to generate a maximally entangled state of two quantum engineered clock qubits with fidelity 0.985(12). This quantum gate also constitutes a simple-to-implement tool for quantum metrology, sensing, and simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Weidt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - J Randall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - S C Webster
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - K Lake
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - A E Webb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - I Cohen
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Givat Ram, Israel
| | - T Navickas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - B Lekitsch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - A Retzker
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Givat Ram, Israel
| | - W K Hensinger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
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Clark G, Cohen I, Westlake JH, Andrews GB, Brandt P, Gold RE, Gkioulidou MA, Hacala R, Haggerty D, Hill ME, Ho GC, Jaskulek SE, Kollmann P, Mauk BH, McNutt RL, Mitchell DG, Nelson KS, Paranicas C, Paschalidis N, Schlemm CE. The "Puck" energetic charged particle detector: Design, heritage, and advancements. J Geophys Res Space Phys 2016; 121:7900-7913. [PMID: 27867799 PMCID: PMC5101846 DOI: 10.1002/2016ja022579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Energetic charged particle detectors characterize a portion of the plasma distribution function that plays critical roles in some physical processes, from carrying the currents in planetary ring currents to weathering the surfaces of planetary objects. For several low-resource missions in the past, the need was recognized for a low-resource but highly capable, mass-species-discriminating energetic particle sensor that could also obtain angular distributions without motors or mechanical articulation. This need led to the development of a compact Energetic Particle Detector (EPD), known as the "Puck" EPD (short for hockey puck), that is capable of determining the flux, angular distribution, and composition of incident ions between an energy range of ~10 keV to several MeV. This sensor makes simultaneous angular measurements of electron fluxes from the tens of keV to about 1 MeV. The same measurements can be extended down to approximately 1 keV/nucleon, with some composition ambiguity. These sensors have a proven flight heritage record that includes missions such as MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging and New Horizons, with multiple sensors on each of Juno, Van Allen Probes, and Magnetospheric Multiscale. In this review paper we discuss the Puck EPD design, its heritage, unexpected results from these past missions and future advancements. We also discuss high-voltage anomalies that are thought to be associated with the use of curved foils, which is a new foil manufacturing processes utilized on recent Puck EPD designs. Finally, we discuss the important role Puck EPDs can potentially play in upcoming missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Clark
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - I. Cohen
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - J. H. Westlake
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - G. B. Andrews
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - P. Brandt
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - R. E. Gold
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - M. A. Gkioulidou
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - R. Hacala
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - D. Haggerty
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - M. E. Hill
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - G. C. Ho
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - S. E. Jaskulek
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - P. Kollmann
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - B. H. Mauk
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - R. L. McNutt
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - D. G. Mitchell
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - K. S. Nelson
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - C. Paranicas
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | | | - C. E. Schlemm
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
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Dauber K, Perdigoto C, Valdes V, Santoriello F, Cohen I, Ezhkova E. 674 Dissecting the roles of Polycomb repressive complex 2 in the control of skin development. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Chauveau S, Anyukhovskiy Y, Benari M, Naor S, Danilo P, Rahim T, Potapova I, Burke S, Jiang YP, Qiu X, Brink P, Binah B, Cohen I, Rosen M. 0406 : Keratinocyte-derived cardiomyocytes provide in vivo biological pacemaker function. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-6480(16)30505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Kelkar AA, Butler J, Schelbert EB, Greene SJ, Quyyumi AA, Bonow RO, Cohen I, Gheorghiade M, Lipinski MJ, Sun W, Luger D, Epstein SE. Mechanisms Contributing to the Progression of Ischemic and Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Possible Modulating Effects of Paracrine Activities of Stem Cells. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 66:2038-2047. [PMID: 26516007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 1.5 decades, numerous stem cell trials have been performed in patients with cardiovascular disease. Although encouraging outcome signals have been reported, these have been small, leading to uncertainty as to whether they will translate into significantly improved outcomes. A reassessment of the rationale for the use of stem cells in cardiovascular disease is therefore timely. Such a rationale should include analyses of why previous trials have not produced significant benefit and address whether mechanisms contributing to disease progression might benefit from known activities of stem cells. The present paper provides such a reassessment, focusing on patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, either nonischemic or ischemic. We conclude that many mechanisms contributing to progressive left ventricular dysfunction are matched by stem cell activities that could attenuate the myocardial effect of such mechanisms. This suggests that stem cell strategies may improve patient outcomes and justifies further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erik B Schelbert
- Cardiology Division, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen J Greene
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Robert O Bonow
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ira Cohen
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Mihai Gheorghiade
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael J Lipinski
- MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
| | - Wei Sun
- MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
| | - Dror Luger
- MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
| | - Stephen E Epstein
- MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
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Cohen I, Putterman C, Jordan N, Jakobi K, Sorek R, Blumenstein Y, Batty S. SAT0590 SLE-Keytm Rule-Out Serlogic Test for SLE Using the Immunarray ICHIP™. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.6213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cohen I, Djaldetti M, Gorschein D, de Vries A. Treatment of hematuria in a hemophiliac by epsilon aminocaproic acid with concomitant urokinase determination. Bibl Haematol 2015; 26:114. [PMID: 5955528 DOI: 10.1159/000384543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Cohen I, Bar-Kohany T, German U, Ziskind G. Optimization of the temperature profiles due to a nitrogen jet impinging on a TLD detector. RADIAT MEAS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mehta HH, Tan T, Flynn A, Jansen K, Cohen I, Hung J, Mehrotra P. GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PATIENTS WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION, LOW-FLOW, LOW-GRADIENT SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(14)62026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
A proposal to use trapped ions to implement spin-one XXZ antiferromagnetic chains as an experimental tool to explore the Haldane phase is presented. We explain how to reach the Haldane phase adiabatically, demonstrate the robustness of the ground states to noise in the magnetic field and Rabi frequencies, and propose a way to detect them using their characteristics: an excitation gap and exponentially decaying correlations, a nonvanishing nonlocal string order, and a double degenerate entanglement spectrum. Scaling up to higher dimensions and more frustrated lattices, we obtain richer phase diagrams, and we can reach spin liquid phase, which can be detected by its entanglement entropy which obeys the boundary law.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Cohen
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904 Givat Ram, Israel
| | - A Retzker
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904 Givat Ram, Israel
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Zaydman MA, Li Y, Beller Z, Wu D, Rong H, Silva JR, Delaloye K, Shi J, Cohen I, Cui J. Dynamic Pip2-Iks Interactions Mediate Cardiac Rate Adaptation. Biophys J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.4128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
How variations of gene lengths (some genes become longer than their predecessors, while other genes become shorter and the sizes of these factions are randomly different from organism to organism) depend on organismal evolution and adaptation is still an open question. We propose to rank the genomes according to lengths of their genes, and then find association between the genome rank and variousproperties, such as growth temperature, nucleotide composition, and pathogenicity. This approach reveals evolutionary driving factors. The main purpose of this study is to test effectiveness and robustness of several ranking methods. The selected method of evaluation is measuring of overall sortedness of the data. We have demonstrated that all considered methods give consistent results and Bubble Sort and Simulated Annealing achieve the highest sortedness. Also, Bubble Sort is considerably faster than the Simulated Annealing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bolshoy
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - B Salih
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Israel ; Department of Computer Science, University of Haifa, Israel, Israel
| | - I Cohen
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Israel ; The Tauber Bioinformatics Research Center at University of Haifa
| | - T Tatarinova
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Amit M, Cohen I, Marcovics A, Muklada H, Glasser T, Ungar E, Landau S. Self-medication with tannin-rich browse in goats infected with gastro-intestinal nematodes. Vet Parasitol 2013; 198:305-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Markovics A, Cohen I, Muklada H, Glasser T, Dvash L, Ungar E, Azaizeh H, Landau S. Consumption of Pistacia lentiscus foliage alleviates coccidiosis in young goats. Vet Parasitol 2012; 186:165-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Tagliaferri M, Creasman J, Caygill KA, Olyaie A, Leitman D, Cohen I, Grady D. Clinically meaningful efficacy of a non-estrogen agent: re-analysis of phase-2 data evaluating MF101. Climacteric 2012; 15:607-10. [PMID: 22257013 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2011.630113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the level of reduction in hot flushes among a cohort of postmenopausal women randomized to a phase-2 clinical trial evaluating MF101, a selective estrogen receptor β modulator, for treatment of vasomotor symptoms to determine clinically meaningful efficacy. METHODS We performed a re-analysis of data from a double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of 217 postmenopausal women randomized to treatment with MF101 or placebo for 12 weeks. At study termination, participants were asked if they were satisfied enough with medication to continue therapy. RESULTS Of the women treated, 73% with ≥50% reduction in hot flush frequency and 77% with ≥60% reduction in hot flush frequency were willing to continue treatment. CONCLUSION A 50-60% reduction in hot flushes is clinically meaningful among postmenopausal women who are being treated with a non-estrogen agent such as MF101.
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Kirstein LJ, Keto JL, Sanchez DP, Fulop T, Cohen I, Cohen JM, Harshan M, Boolbol SK. MRI versus breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) in the detection of synchronous breast cancer: A prospective head-to-head trial. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.27_suppl.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
72 Background: Literature suggests that MRI identifies additional mammographically and sonographically occult cancers in 8-10% of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. We have reported comparable sensitivity of BSGI to MRI in the detection of the known index cancer. We sought to prospectively compare BSGI to MRI in the identification of additional occult malignancies in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer from June 1, 2009 through February 4, 2011 were consented for an IRB approved protocol in which they underwent both breast MRI and BSGI. Each imaging study was read by a dedicated breast radiologist, with one reading all MRI, and another reading all BSGI studies. All subsequent biopsies were performed percutaneously under image guidance and reviewed by dedicated pathologists. The identification of additional occult breast cancers by MRI and BSGI was compared. Results: Eighty-five patients underwent both MRI and BSGI. Twenty-one patients elected to undergo mastectomy without further management of imaging findings and were excluded, leaving 64 eligible patients. No additional lesions were found in 22 patients. Twenty-one patients had benign pathology on biopsied imaging findings. Metastatic axillary lymph nodes, satellite lesions or larger extent of disease was identified in 11 patients. Eleven occult breast cancers were identified in 10 patients (15.6%), 6 on MRI alone (9.4%), 3 on BSGI alone (4.7%), and 2 by both modalities (3.1%). There was no significant difference in the identification of occult cancer between MRI and BSGI (chi-square 0.77, p>0.1; Table). Conclusions: BSGI has previously been shown to be as sensitive as MRI for detecting known invasive and in situ breast carcinoma. This study shows that BSGI is equally sensitive to MRI in the detection of synchronous mammographically and sonographically occult cancers in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Further research is needed to identify the false positive rates of BSGI and the effect on surgical management in comparison to MRI. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. L. Keto
- Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - T. Fulop
- Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - I. Cohen
- Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - M. Harshan
- Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY
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Ganapathy M, Hareesh NB, Kirma NB, Tagliaferri M, Cohen I, Krishnegowda N, Vadalamudi RK, Tekmal RR. Abstract PD05-07: Use of Natural ER Beta Modulators in Treating Hormonal Therapy Resistant Breast Tumors. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-pd05-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Although systemic hormone therapies that either block local estrogen production by aromatase inhibitors (AI) such as letrozole or block actions of estrogen/ER actions by anti-estrogens (AEs) like tamoxifen are well tolerated, unfortunately, essentially all breast cancers in women with advanced breast cancer develop resistance to these two classes of agents, and the benefit of adjuvant therapy (where micrometastatic disease is present but cannot be directly observed) is also limited by the development of resistance. In addition, side effects associated with the systemic inhibition of aromatase with current compounds limits their long-term utility of them as chemopreventative agents. We have investigated whether treatment of letrozole resistant breast cancer cells with selective plant-derived ER beta agonists (Liquiritigenin; LIQ or Nyasol; NYA) alone or in combination with letrozole affects the growth of AI resistant breast cancer cells, thereby restores sensitivity to AI. To test whether combination therapy restores sensitivity to letrozole, we have treated letrozole resistant breast cancer cells [LTLTca, derived from MCF-7-aromatase tumors resistant to letrozole] with either letrozole alone or with a combination of letrozole and LIQ/NYA. In addition, effects of these compounds on cell growth was also tested using different breast cancer cells including MCF-7, MCF-7-aromatase, ZR-75-1, ZR-75-aromatase, MDA-MB-231 along with tamoxifen resistant MCF-7 or MCF-7- PELP/ZR-75-PELP1. Compared to single agents, combination treatment not only restored sensitivity to letrozole but also resulted in decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis as well as increased ERα and decreased ERα levels in resistant cells. Combination of LIQ or NYA not only diminished cell growth in MCF-7-HER2, MCF-7-PELP1, and SKBR-3 breast cancer cells (that express endogenous aromatase) but also affected the expression of aromatase. Detailed investigations indicated that LIQ/NYA affects the induction of aromatase by specifically inhibiting breast cancer specific aromatase promoter 1.3 as well as its activity through inflammatory cytokine-mediated actions. These studies suggest the therapeutic benefit of LIQ or NYA ERα agonist to resensitize breast cancer cells that are resistant to AEs or AI and their ability to selectively inhibit tumor induction of aromatase. Our study suggests a novel role of natural ER beta agonists as valuable therapeutic modulators to treat endocrine sensitive as well as resistant tumors. (Supported by V-Foundation & P30 CA 54174, RRT)
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD05-07.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ganapathy
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Bionovo, INc, Emeryville, CA
| | - NB Hareesh
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Bionovo, INc, Emeryville, CA
| | - NB Kirma
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Bionovo, INc, Emeryville, CA
| | - M Tagliaferri
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Bionovo, INc, Emeryville, CA
| | - I Cohen
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Bionovo, INc, Emeryville, CA
| | - N Krishnegowda
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Bionovo, INc, Emeryville, CA
| | - RK Vadalamudi
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Bionovo, INc, Emeryville, CA
| | - RR. Tekmal
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Bionovo, INc, Emeryville, CA
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Kirstein LJ, Fulop T, McPartland L, Cohen I, Boolbol SK. Abstract P5-01-03: MRI vs Breast Specific Gamma Imaging (BSGI) in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer: A Prospective Head-to-Head Trial. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-p5-01-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Functional breast imaging is emerging as an adjunct to mammography and ultrasound in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI) is the modality most widely employed. However, it is expensive, uncomfortable for certain patients, and interpretation is variable, depending upon a radiologist's expertise. Breast Specific Gamma Imaging (BSGI) has emerged as an alternative functional imaging study. While MRI evaluates differential enhancement of benign versus malignant lesions, BSGI evaluates the metabolic activity of normal versus abnormal cells by tagging mitochondria with Technecium99. In retrospective analyses, BSGI has been found to have similar sensitivity to MRI, but to date there has not been a prospective trial comparing these modalities in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. We sought to prospectively compare BSGI to MRI in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, to determine if this newer functional imaging study is as sensitive to MRI in detecting index lesions.
Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer from June 1, 2009 through May 31, 2010 were consented for an IRB approved protocol in which they underwent both breast MRI and BSGI. Each imaging study was read by a dedicated breast radiologist, with one radiologist reading all MRI, and another reading all BSGI studies. All subsequent biopsies were performed percutaneously, using image guidance. Patients were excluded if excisional biopsy was performed for diagnosis, or their MRI was performed at an outside facility. Patients with DCIS were also excluded. The sensitivity for each modality was calculated. Results: There were 53 patients enrolled in the study that had both MRI and BSGI for newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer. The sensitivity for MRI was 96% and for BSGI was 91% (Table 1) (P>0.5, ns). There was one index tumor not seen on either MRI or BSGI. It was a 2mm invasive ductal carcinoma diagnosed by calcifications on mammogram. The other index tumor not seen on MRI was visualized on BSGI. Two of the remaining four index tumors not visualized on BSGI were located in the posterior breast. Two studies were false negative. These four lesions were visualized on MRI.
Discussion: In this prospective study comparing BSGI to MRI for newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer, BSGI was found to be as sensitive as MRI at detecting index lesions. Of the four false negative BSGI, two tumors were located near the chest wall, a known limitation of this technology. Larger prospective studies need to be performed to determine the true sensitivity and specificity of BSGI.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-01-03.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Fulop
- Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - I Cohen
- Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY
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Cohen I, Kita H, Van Der Kloot W. The intervals between miniature end-plate potentials in the frog are unlikely to be independently or exponentially distributed. J Physiol 2010; 236:327-39. [PMID: 16992437 PMCID: PMC1350804 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. It has been suggested that spontaneous quantal release of transmitter at the neuromuscular junction is a Poisson process. One logical argument against accepting the Poisson hypothesis is that so far relatively few intervals between miniature end-plate potentials (min.e.p.p.s) have been studied in any single experiment. Release is known to occur from many sites on the nerve terminal, so many intervals must be studied before drawing any conclusions about the timing of release from the individual sites. Moreover, the statistical methods that have been used are relatively insensitive to deviations from Poisson predictions.2. The Poisson hypothesis is evaluated with respect to three major criteria:(a) The fit to the exponential distribution is analysed by five goodness of fit tests which were applied to eleven sets of data, showing that it is unlikely that the data sets were generated by an exponential distribution.(b) The independence of intervals is assessed in two ways. First, the autocorrelogram of intervals is constructed. This shows an excess of significant positive correlations beyond the 5% limits of the Poisson expectation. Secondly, the unsmoothed power spectrum is calculated, and compared to the Poisson prediction by means of the modified mean test. Again, most sets deviate significantly from the Poisson expectation. It is unlikely that the intervals are independent.(c) The possibility of simultaneous occurrences is evaluated by construction of the amplitude histogram of min.e.p.p.s. In all sets the Poisson prediction for the frequency of multiples of the unit height was exceeded by the empirical data sets. The over-all conclusion is that the process which generates spontaneous releases is unlikely to be Poisson.
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Cohen I, Kita H, Van Der Kloot W. The stochastic properties of spontaneous quantal release of transmitter at the frog neuromuscular junction. J Physiol 2010; 236:341-61. [PMID: 16992438 PMCID: PMC1350805 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Earlier results showed that it is unlikely that spontaneous quantal release of transmitter at the frog neuromuscular junction is produced by a Poisson process.2. Data sets were tested, by using the u statistic, to see whether if they are assumed to be generated by a Poisson process, the mean interval is changing monotonically with time. By this critieria, some of the data sets are stationary, others are not.3. A variety of mathematical transforms are employed on empirical data sets to characterize the properties of the spontaneous quantal release.(a) The intensity function, which calculates the frequency distribution of all possible combinations of intervals, shows an excess of short intervals, without any sign of periodicity.(b) The variance-time curve, which estimates the accumulated variance of the series as a function of time into the series, lies significantly above the Poisson prediction.(c) The power spectrum, whether calculated on the intervals or on the number of intervals in time bins, deviates significantly from the Poisson prediction at the low frequencies.(d) The ln-survivor curve has two phases: a concave section for the short intervals, and a roughly linear section for the intervals of greater length.These transforms indicate that the min.e.p.p.s are clustered.4. A series of models for spontaneous quantal release were considered.(a) A Poisson model. Rejected because of consistent failure to fit the data.(b) A periodic model. Rejected because the intervals should be ordered rather than clustered.(c) A time-dependent model, in which quantal release is governed by a Poisson process with a mean interval that is oscillating in time. This model will generate clustering; by the transforms the model can be shown to closely fit the data. However, an autocorrelation of min.e.p.p. amplitudes shows that there is a relationship between the amplitudes and their position in the series. This is not predicted by the time-dependent oscillating model.(d) A branching Poisson model, in which a primary release, generated by a Poisson process, is likely to be followed by one or more subsidiary releases from the same site. The parameters of the branching model can be determined from ln-survivor curves. Theoretical curves, created with these parameters, give power spectra, variance-time curves, and ln-survivor curves that strongly resemble those calculated from the data. The model also predicts a significant autocorrelation of amplitudes.5. Min.e.p.p.s recorded with an extracellular electrode also fit well to a branching Poisson model.6. The effects of raised [Ca(2+)](o) on the intervals between min.e.p.p.s were studied. In our experiments the change in extracellular solution did not produce any notable change in release statistics.7. The effects of elevated [K(+)](o) on the intervals between spontaneous releases were studied. Depolarization of the nerve terminal increases the frequency of primary releases and decreases the chance of having subsidiary releases.8. Possible physical mechanisms by which quantal release of transmitter from a nerve terminal would fit a branching Poisson model are described.
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Abstract
1. Miniature excitatory junctional potentials (min.e.j.p.s) were recorded with an intracellular electrode from the adductor muscle of the dactyl of the first or second walking leg of the crayfish, Orconectes virilis.2. The intervals between the min.e.j.p.s were compared to the exponential prediction by five goodness of fit tests. The results indicate that the intervals are not exponentially distributed.3. The autocorrelogram of intervals shows that the intervals are unlikely to be independent.4. A stochastic analysis that includes the power spectrum of intervals, the variance-time curve, and the ln-survivor curve suggest that there is a clustering of min.e.j.p.s. The results are similar to those on the frog neuromuscular junction.5. An autocorrelogram of the min.e.j.p. amplitudes suggests that sizes are not independently distributed.6. These results, which are similar to those previously reported from the frog neuromuscular junction, support the use of the branching Poisson process as a theoretical model for the stochastic properties of spontaneous quantal release of transmitter.
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Cohen I, Birnbaum R, Bowcock A, Sivan S, Birk O. ZNF750 is a nuclear protein whose promoter sequence variants are found in psoriasis patients. N Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.01.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chu R, Shoemaker M, Tagliaferi M, Cohen I, Shtivelman E, Fong S. Molecular analysis of the selective pro-apoptotic effect of BN107 on estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #3128
While advances in early detection and adjuvant therapy for breast cancer have had a favorable impact on survival, patients who develop metastatic breast cancer generally succumb to death. Hormonal, targeted or chemotherapeutic strategies largely depend on the expression of their cognate receptors and are often accompanied by toxicities and intolerable side effects. Effective and less toxic therapies against the more aggressive and hormonal therapy-resistant estrogen receptor negative (ER-) breast cancer are urgently needed.
 Botanical medicine is one of the most popular complementary and alternative medical approaches, and Chinese herbal therapies are frequently sought and used by breast cancer patients. However, the molecular mechanisms through which certain herbal extracts exert anti-breast cancer activities remain largely unknown. Bionovo Inc. has a pipeline of anti-breast cancer products (BN#) based on herbal medicine in development. Here, we present preclinical data on the potential mechanisms of the pro-apoptotic effect of BN107 on breast cancer cells.
 A panel of breast cancer cell lines was examined and the most significant cytotoxic effect was observed in the less-differentiated, more aggressive, ER- breast cancer lines. Apoptosis appeared to be the major cellular pathway mediating the cytotoxicity of BN107 as evident from Annexin V binding, dissipation of mitochondrial potential, activation of caspases, and DNA fragmentation. Transcriptomic analysis comparing sensitive (ER+) versus resistant (ER-) cell lines revealed distinct patterns of gene expression in response to BN107. ER- breast cancer cells responded to BN107 by upregulating genes involved in apoptotic responses and cholesterol synthesis pathways; while ER+ breast cancer cells did so by regulating genes involved in cell growth and IGF-1 receptor signaling pathways. Further molecular analysis showed that BN107 induced death preferentially in ER- cells via rapid inactivation of AKT/ mTOR pathways. In addition, the sensitivity to BN107 was greatly reduced when ER expression was introduced in MDA-MB-231, an ER- cell line highly sensitive to BN107.
 BN107, an extract rich in triterpenoids, caused rapid alterations in cholesterol metabolism, presumably by interfering with cell membrane permeability/integrity. Co-administration of BN107 and cholesterol abolished the pro-apoptotic effect of BN107. We found that ER- breast cancer cells rich in caveolae/lipid rafts were highly sensitive to BN107. We showed that BN107 treatment in these cells resulted in subcellular redistribution of proteins that are associated with these specialized membrane/cellular structures.
 In conclusion, BN107 exerts pro-apoptotic activity preferentially on the more aggressive, ER- breast cancer cells. The cytotoxic activity of BN107 may be attributed to its ability to modify membrane permeability/integrity. Activity-guided isolation and further mechanistic studies are underway to identify potential chemical constituents responsible for the selective cytotoxic activities against ER- breast cancer cells.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3128.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chu
- 1 Cancer Research, Bionovo Inc., Emeryville, CA
| | - M Shoemaker
- 1 Cancer Research, Bionovo Inc., Emeryville, CA
| | | | - I Cohen
- 1 Cancer Research, Bionovo Inc., Emeryville, CA
| | | | - S Fong
- 1 Cancer Research, Bionovo Inc., Emeryville, CA
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King F, Fong S, Cadaoas J, Shoemaker M, Tagliaferri M, Cohen I, Shtivelman E. Molecular analysis of the selective pro-apoptotic effect of the herbal extract BN108 on breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #3018
We present preclinical data on the potential mechanisms of the cytotoxic effect of the herbal extract BN108 towards cancer cells. Botanical medicine is one of the most popular complementary medical approaches, and herbal therapies are frequently sought and used by breast cancer patients. However, the molecular mechanisms through which certain herbal extracts exert growth inhibitory activity on breast cancer cells remain largely unknown.
 Treatment of a panel of breast cancer cell lines and normal mammary cells with BN108 induced cell death selectively in breast cancer lines. Normal mammary epithelial cells and fibroblasts were resistant to the cytotoxic effects of BN108. Breast cancer cells sensitive to BN108 underwent apoptotic death confirmed by Annexin V staining, caspase activation, cleavage of PARP and DNA fragmentation. In particular, caspases 4 and 9, whose activation is observed during apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress, were proteolytically activated. Inhibition of caspase 4 partially protected breast cancer cells from cell death induced by BN108.
 Expression array analysis of cells treated with BN108 showed induction of expression of several known pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative genes such as REDD1, p21CIP, cyclin G2, stratifin and more. BN108 induced rapid inactivation of AKT and mTOR kinases in breast cancer but not in non-transformed cells. Moreover, the well-defined targets of mTORC1, S6kinase and 4eBP1 were inactivated in BN108 treated cells.
 The expression array analysis also showed the induction by BN108 of numerous genes whose products code for enzymes within the cholesterol synthesis pathway. Interestingly, a transient increase in cholesterol synthesis was seen in breast cancer cells but not in normal cells following BN108 treatment. In general, cholesterol levels are higher in breast cancer cells compared to normal cells. Steroidal saponins are major components of BN108 extract, and they are known to deplete cell membrane cholesterol. Similar to BN108 extract, treatment with purified timosaponin AIII (a component of BN108 extract) also induced apoptosis and changes in cholesterol production in breast cancer cells but not in normal cells. It is possible that steroidal saponins induce a very transient depletion of cholesterol, followed by inactivation of AKT and mTOR, and negative feedback inhibition of the cholesterol synthesis pathway that is, in the end, is futile. None of these events are observed in normal cells.
 In conclusion, BN108 extract contains cytotoxic activity selective for transformed versus normal cells. These selective cytotoxic properties of BN108 could be related to its differential effects on cholesterol synthesis in breast cancer cells versus normal cells, as well as inhibition of major oncogenic pathways. Future studies will be aimed at understanding the molecular relationship between the BN1008 effect on cholesterol synthesis and induction of apoptosis, which may give rise to a unique pathway for targeting tumor cells.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3018.
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Affiliation(s)
- F King
- 1 Department of Biology, BioNovo, Inc., Emeryville, CA
| | - S Fong
- 1 Department of Biology, BioNovo, Inc., Emeryville, CA
| | - J Cadaoas
- 1 Department of Biology, BioNovo, Inc., Emeryville, CA
| | - M Shoemaker
- 1 Department of Biology, BioNovo, Inc., Emeryville, CA
| | - M Tagliaferri
- 1 Department of Biology, BioNovo, Inc., Emeryville, CA
| | - I Cohen
- 1 Department of Biology, BioNovo, Inc., Emeryville, CA
| | - E Shtivelman
- 1 Department of Biology, BioNovo, Inc., Emeryville, CA
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Perez AT, Shaw HS, Fleming GF, Hershman DL, Franco S, Shapiro CL, Neal K, Cohen I, Tagliaferri M, Tripathy D. A phase I trial of scutellaria barbata (BZL101) for metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Huberfeld G, Clemenceau S, Cohen I, Pallud J, Wittner L, Navarro V, Baulac M, Miles R. [Epileptiform activities generated in vitro by human temporal lobe tissue]. Neurochirurgie 2008; 54:148-58. [PMID: 18420229 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug-resistant partial epilepsies, including temporal lobe epilepsies with hippocampal sclerosis and cortical dysplasias, offer the opportunity to study human epileptic activity in vitro since the preferred therapy often consists of the surgical removal of the epileptogenic zone. Slices of this tissue retain functional neuronal networks and may generate epileptic activity. The properties of cells in this tissue do not seem to be significantly changed, but excitatory synaptic characteristics are enhanced and GABAergic inhibition is preserved. Typically, epileptic activity is not generated spontaneously by the neocortex, whether dysplastic or not, but can be induced by convulsants. The initiation of ictal discharges in neocortex depends on both GABAergic signaling and increased extracellular potassium. In contrast, a spontaneous interictal-like activity is generated by tissues from patients with temporal lobe epilepsies associated with hippocampal sclerosis. This activity is initiated not in the hippocampus but in the subiculum, an output region that projects to the entorhinal cortex. Interictal events seem to be triggered by GABAergic cells, which paradoxically excite approximately 20% of subicular pyramidal cells, while simultaneously inhibiting the majority. Interictal discharges are therefore sustained by both GABAergic and glutamatergic signaling. The atypical depolarizing effects of GABA depend on a pathological elevation in the basal levels of chloride in some subicular cells, similar to those of developmentally immature cells. This defect is caused by the perturbation of the expression of the cotransporters regulating the intracellular chloride concentration, the importer NKCC1, and the extruder KCC2. Blockade of excessive NKCC1 by the diuretic bumetanide restores intracellular chloride and thus hyperpolarizing GABAergic actions, suppressing interictal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Huberfeld
- Inserm U739 Cortex & Epilepsie, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, CHU de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 105, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
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Markovitch O, Tepper R, Fishman A, Aviram R, Cohen I. Long-term “protective” effect of aromatase inhibitors on the endometrium of postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 113:321-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-008-9941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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