1
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Prentice A, Kolken Y, Tuttle C, van Neijenhof J, Pitch R, van Oostrom I, Kruiver V, Downar J, Sack AT, Arns M, van der Vinne N. 1Hz right orbitofrontal TMS benefits depressed patients unresponsive to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex TMS. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1572-1575. [PMID: 37839775 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amourie Prentice
- Research Institute Brainclinics, Brainclinics Foundation, Bijleveldsingel 32, 6524 AD, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Synaeda Research, Synaeda Psycho Medisch Centrum, De Opgang 2-1, 9203 GD, Drachten, Netherlands; Dept. of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ylka Kolken
- Research Institute Brainclinics, Brainclinics Foundation, Bijleveldsingel 32, 6524 AD, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Dept. of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Christina Tuttle
- Long Island Neurocare Therapy, 1739 N. Ocean Ave. Suite A, Medford, NY, 11763, Long Island, USA
| | | | - Richard Pitch
- Long Island Neurocare Therapy, 1739 N. Ocean Ave. Suite A, Medford, NY, 11763, Long Island, USA
| | - Iris van Oostrom
- Neurocare Clinics, Bijleveldsingel 34, 6524 AD, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Vera Kruiver
- Neurocare Clinics, Bijleveldsingel 34, 6524 AD, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Downar
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street 8th Floor. Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Alexander T Sack
- Dept. of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Arns
- Research Institute Brainclinics, Brainclinics Foundation, Bijleveldsingel 32, 6524 AD, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Synaeda Research, Synaeda Psycho Medisch Centrum, De Opgang 2-1, 9203 GD, Drachten, Netherlands; Dept. of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nikita van der Vinne
- Research Institute Brainclinics, Brainclinics Foundation, Bijleveldsingel 32, 6524 AD, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Synaeda Research, Synaeda Psycho Medisch Centrum, De Opgang 2-1, 9203 GD, Drachten, Netherlands; Dept. of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, Netherlands.
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Gajadien PT, Postma TS, van Oostrom I, Scheepstra KW, van Dijk H, Sack AT, van den Heuvel OA, Arns M. Sleep predicts the response to rTMS and CBT in patients with OCD: an open label effectiveness study. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Vonk S, Lok A, Dijkstra E, van Oostrom I, Arns M, Scheepstra K. Effectiveness of rTMS in depression in young adults. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:645-646. [PMID: 36935002 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Vonk
- Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Adult Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anja Lok
- Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Adult Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Dijkstra
- Neurowave, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Research Institute Brainclinics, Brainclinics Foundation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Martijn Arns
- Dept. of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Research Institute Brainclinics, Brainclinics Foundation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Karel Scheepstra
- Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Adult Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105, BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Dalhuisen I, Smit F, Spijker J, van Oostrom I, van Exel E, van Mierlo H, de Waardt D, Arns M, Tendolkar I, van Eijndhoven P. rTMS combined with CBT as a next step in antidepressant non-responders: a randomized comparison with current antidepressant treatment approaches. Brain Stimul 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.01.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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5
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Rouwhorst R, van Oostrom I, Dijkstra E, Zwienenberg L, van Dijk H, Arns M. Vasovagal syncope as a specific side effect of DLPFC-rTMS: A frontal-vagal dose-finding study. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:1233-1235. [PMID: 36058523 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renée Rouwhorst
- Heart & Brain Group, Brainclinics Foundation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurocare Clinics, Amsterdam/Den Haag/Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Eva Dijkstra
- Heart & Brain Group, Brainclinics Foundation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Neurowave, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lauren Zwienenberg
- Heart & Brain Group, Brainclinics Foundation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Synaeda Psycho Medisch Centrum, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke van Dijk
- Heart & Brain Group, Brainclinics Foundation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Arns
- Heart & Brain Group, Brainclinics Foundation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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6
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Dalhuisen I, Smit F, Spijker J, van Oostrom I, van Exel E, van Mierlo H, de Waardt D, Arns M, Tendolkar I, van Eijndhoven P. rTMS combined with CBT as a next step in antidepressant non-responders: a study protocol for a randomized comparison with current antidepressant treatment approaches. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:88. [PMID: 35123427 PMCID: PMC8818163 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, however, current treatment options are insufficiently effective for about 35% of patients, resulting in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a form of non-invasive neuromodulation that is effective in treating TRD. Not much is known about the comparative efficacy of rTMS and other treatments and their timing within the treatment algorithm, making it difficult for the treating physician to establish when rTMS is best offered as a treatment option. This study aims to investigate the (cost-)effectiveness of rTMS (in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and continued antidepressant medication), compared to the next step in the treatment algorithm. This will be done in a sample of patients with treatment resistant non-psychotic unipolar depression. METHODS In this pragmatic multicenter randomized controlled trial 132 patients with MDD are randomized to either rTMS or the next pharmacological step within the current treatment protocol (a switch to a tricyclic antidepressant or augmentation with lithium or a second-generation antipsychotic). Both groups also receive CBT. The trial consists of 8 weeks of unblinded treatment followed by follow-up of the cohort at four and 6 months. A subgroup of patients (n = 92) will have an extended follow-up at nine and 12 months to assess effect decay or retention. We expect that rTMS is more (cost-)effective than medication in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with TRD. We will also explore the effects of both treatments on symptoms associated with depression, e.g. anhedonia and rumination, as well as the effect of expectations regarding the treatments on its effectiveness. DISCUSSION The present trial aims to inform clinical decision making about whether rTMS should be considered as a treatment option in patients with TRD. The results may improve treatment outcomes in patients with TRD and may facilitate adoption of rTMS in the treatment algorithm for depression and its implementation in clinical practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered within the Netherlands Trial Register (code: NL7628 , date: March 29th 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Dalhuisen
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Filip Smit
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Clinical Psychology and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.416017.50000 0001 0835 8259Department of Mental Health and Prevention, Trimbos Institute - Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Spijker
- grid.491369.00000 0004 0466 1666Depression Expertise Centre, Pro Persona Mental Health Care, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eric van Exel
- grid.420193.d0000 0004 0546 0540Department of Psychiatry, GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans van Mierlo
- grid.415960.f0000 0004 0622 1269Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, St. Antonius Hospital, Utrecht/Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Dieuwertje de Waardt
- grid.416373.40000 0004 0472 8381Department of Psychiatry, ETZ Hospital (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Arns
- grid.476937.8Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Indira Tendolkar
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip van Eijndhoven
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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7
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Bergman MA, Vrijsen JN, Rinck M, van Oostrom I, Kan CC, Collard RM, van Eijndhoven P, Vissers CTWM, Schene AH. Is a Negative Attentional Bias in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder Explained by Comorbid Depression? An Eye-Tracking Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 51:4213-4226. [PMID: 33491119 PMCID: PMC8510933 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heightened attention towards negative information is characteristic of depression. Evidence is emerging for a negative attentional bias in Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), perhaps driven by the high comorbidity between ASD and depression. We investigated whether ASD is characterised by a negative attentional bias and whether this can be explained by comorbid (sub) clinical depression. Participants (n = 116) with current (CD) or remitted depression (RD) and/or ASD, and 64 controls viewed positively and negatively valenced (non-)social pictures. Groups were compared on three components of visual attention using linear mixed models. Both CD individuals with and without ASD, but not remitted depressed and never-depressed ASD individuals showed a negative bias, suggesting that negative attentional bias might be a depressive state-specific marker for depression in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Annemiek Bergman
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboudumc, 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Janna N Vrijsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboudumc, 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Depression Expertise Center, Pro Persona Mental Health Care, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mike Rinck
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis C Kan
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboudumc, 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rose M Collard
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboudumc, 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip van Eijndhoven
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboudumc, 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Constance Th W M Vissers
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Royal Dutch Kentalis, Kentalis Academy, Sint-Michielsgestel, The Netherlands
| | - Aart H Schene
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboudumc, 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Vrijsen JN, van Amen CT, Koekkoek B, van Oostrom I, Schene AH, Tendolkar I. Childhood trauma and negative memory bias as shared risk factors for psychopathology and comorbidity in a naturalistic psychiatric patient sample. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01181. [PMID: 30585448 PMCID: PMC6305939 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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9
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Fleurkens P, van Minnen A, Becker ES, van Oostrom I, Speckens A, Rinck M, Vrijsen JN. Automatic approach-avoidance tendencies as a candidate intermediate phenotype for depression: Associations with childhood trauma and the 5-HTTLPR transporter polymorphism. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193787. [PMID: 29547643 PMCID: PMC5856265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression risk genes in combination with childhood events have been associated with biased processing as an intermediate phenotype for depression. The aim of the present conceptual replication study was to investigate the role of biased automatic approach-avoidance tendencies as a candidate intermediate phenotype for depression, in the context of genes (5-HTTLPR polymorphism) and childhood trauma. A naturalistic remitted depressed patients sample (N = 209) performed an Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) with facial expressions (angry, sad, happy and neutral). Childhood trauma was assessed with a questionnaire. Genotype groups were created based on allele frequency: LaLa versus S/Lg-carriers. The latter is associated with depression risk. We found that remitted S/Lg-carriers who experienced childhood trauma automatically avoided sad facial expressions relatively more than LaLa homozygotes with childhood trauma. Remitted LaLa-carriers who had not experienced childhood trauma, avoided sad faces relatively more than LaLa homozygotes with childhood trauma. We did not find a main effect of childhood trauma, nor differential avoidance of any of the other facial expressions. Although tentative, the results suggest that automatic approach-avoidance tendencies for disorder-congruent materials may be a fitting intermediate phenotype for depression. The specific pattern of tendencies, and the relation to depression, may depend on the genetic risk profile and childhood trauma, but replication is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Fleurkens
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Agnes van Minnen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Psychotrauma Expertise Centrum (PSYTREC), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eni S. Becker
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris van Oostrom
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Speckens
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mike Rinck
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janna N. Vrijsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Pro Persona: Institution for Integrated Mental Health Care, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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10
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Vrijsen JN, van Amen CT, Koekkoek B, van Oostrom I, Schene AH, Tendolkar I. Childhood trauma and negative memory bias as shared risk factors for psychopathology and comorbidity in a naturalistic psychiatric patient sample. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00693. [PMID: 28638703 PMCID: PMC5474701 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both childhood trauma and negative memory bias are associated with the onset and severity level of several psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety disorders. Studies on these risk factors, however, generally use homogeneous noncomorbid samples. Hence, studies in naturalistic psychiatric samples are lacking. Moreover, we know little about the quantitative relationship between the frequency of traumatic childhood events, strength of memory bias and number of comorbid psychiatric disorders; the latter being an index of severity. The current study examined the association of childhood trauma and negative memory bias with psychopathology in a large naturalistic psychiatric patient sample. METHODS Frequency of traumatic childhood events (emotional neglect, psychological-, physical- and sexual abuse) was assessed using a questionnaire in a sample of 252 adult psychiatric patients with no psychotic or bipolar-I disorder and no cognitive disorder as main diagnosis. Patients were diagnosed for DSM-IV Axis-I and Axis-II disorders using a structured clinical interview. This allowed for the assessment of comorbidity between disorders. Negative memory bias for verbal stimuli was measured using a computer task. RESULTS Linear regression models revealed that the frequency of childhood trauma as well as negative memory bias was positively associated with psychiatric comorbidity, separately and above and beyond each other (all p < .01). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that childhood trauma and negative memory bias may be of importance for a broader spectrum of psychiatric diagnoses, besides the frequently studied affective disorders. Importantly, frequently experiencing traumatic events during childhood increases the risk of comorbid psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna N Vrijsen
- Department of Psychiatry Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands.,Pro Persona Mental Health Care Depression Expertise Center Nijmegen The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior Center for Neuroscience Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Camiel T van Amen
- Department of Psychiatry Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Bauke Koekkoek
- Research Group Social Psychiatry & Mental Health Nursing HAN University of Applied Sciences Nijmegen The Netherlands.,Pro Persona Mental Health Care ProCES Wolfheze The Netherlands
| | - Iris van Oostrom
- Department of Psychiatry Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior Center for Neuroscience Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Aart H Schene
- Department of Psychiatry Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior Center for Neuroscience Nijmegen The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Indira Tendolkar
- Department of Psychiatry Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior Center for Neuroscience Nijmegen The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
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11
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Smeijers D, Vrijsen JN, van Oostrom I, Isaac L, Speckens A, Becker ES, Rinck M. Implicit and explicit self-esteem in remitted depressed patients. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2017; 54:301-306. [PMID: 27821349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Low self-esteem is a symptom of depression and depression vulnerability. Prior research on self-esteem has largely focused on implicit (ISE) and explicit self-esteem (ESE) as two separate constructs, missing their interaction. Therefore, the current study investigated the interaction between ISE and ESE in a depression-vulnerable group (remitted depressed patients; RDs), compared to never-depressed controls (ND). METHODS Seventy-five RDs and 75 NDs participated in the study. To measure ESE, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was used. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) and the Name Letter Preference Task (NLPT) were used to assess ISE. RESULTS RDs reported lower ESE than NDs. However, the two groups did not differ on ISE. RDs exhibited a damaged self-esteem or a low-congruent self-esteem, similar to what has been found in currently depressed patients. Moreover, damaged self-esteem was associated with residual depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS The results need to be interpreted with care because the IAT and NLPT did not reveal the same associations with the clinical measures. CONCLUSIONS Implicit and explicit self-esteem may be different constructs in depression and studying the combination is important. The present study provides evidence indicating that damaged self-esteem may be more detrimental than low congruent self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique Smeijers
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Janna N Vrijsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Iris van Oostrom
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Isaac
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Speckens
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Eni S Becker
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mike Rinck
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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12
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Vrijsen JN, Tendolkar I, Arias-Vásquez A, Franke B, Schene AH, Fernández G, van Oostrom I. Interaction of the 5-HTTLPR and childhood trauma influences memory bias in healthy individuals. J Affect Disord 2015; 186:83-9. [PMID: 26232751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The tendency to recall more negative and less positive information has been frequently related to the genetic susceptibility to depression. This memory bias may be associated with depression candidate genes especially in individuals who experienced stressful childhood events. The serotonin transporter gene, SLC6A4/5-HTT, regulates the reuptake of serotonin. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in the gene's promoter region has a short (S) and a long (L) allele, of which L contains a further SNP (rs25531), resulting in a triallelic polymorphism: La, Lg, and S. Both S and Lg result in increased serotonin signaling (to simplify, we refer to both alleles as 'S'), which in turn appears associated with depression vulnerability, specifically in individuals with stressful events. In non-depressed individuals (N=1083), we examined the interaction between the 5-HTTLPR genotype (LaLa, SLa, and SS) and stressful childhood events in association with explicit verbal memory bias (positive, negative). Two types of stressful childhood events were studied, namely childhood adverse events (e.g. parental loss) and interpersonal traumatic childhood events (e.g. abuse). Less positive memory bias was found for individuals with the SS genotype who had experienced interpersonal childhood traumatic events. No general association of genotype with memory bias was found, nor was there a significant interaction between genotype and childhood adverse events. Our results suggest that the depression-susceptibility genotype of the 5-HTTLPR is associated with depressive information processing styles when occurring in combination with traumatic childhood events. Tailoring treatment to specific risk profiles based on genetic susceptibility and childhood stress could be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna N Vrijsen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Indira Tendolkar
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vásquez
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aart H Schene
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris van Oostrom
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Vrijsen JN, Speckens A, Arias-Vásquez A, Franke B, Becker ES, van Oostrom I. No evidence for the association between a polymorphism in the PCLO depression candidate gene with memory bias in remitted depressed patients and healthy individuals. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112153. [PMID: 25379724 PMCID: PMC4224395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The PCLO rs2522833 candidate polymorphism for depression has been associated to monoaminergic neurotransmission. In healthy and currently depressed individuals, the polymorphism has been found to affect activation of brain areas during memory processing, but no direct association of PCLO with memory bias was found. We hypothesized that the absence of this association might have been obscured by current depressive symptoms or genetically driven individual differences in reactivity to stressful events. Experiencing stressful childhood events fosters dysfunctional assumptions that are related to cognitive biases, and may modulate the predisposition for depression via epigenetic effects. The association between PCLO and memory bias, as well as interaction between PCLO and childhood events was studied in patients remitted from depression (N = 299), as well as a sample of healthy individuals (N = 157). The participants performed an emotional verbal memory task after a sad mood induction. Childhood trauma and adversity were measured with a questionnaire. The Genotype main effect, and Genotype by Childhood Events interaction were analyzed for memory bias in both samples. PCLO risk allele carrying remitted depressed patients did not show more negatively biased memory than non-risk allele carriers, not even patients with stressful childhood events. A similar pattern of results was found in healthy individuals. Memory bias may not be strongly associated with the PCLO rs2522833 polymorphism. We did not find any support for the PCLO-childhood events interaction, but the power of our study was insufficient to exclude this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna N. Vrijsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Anne Speckens
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vásquez
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eni S. Becker
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris van Oostrom
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Vrijsen JN, Becker ES, Arias-Vásquez A, van Dijk MK, Speckens A, Oostrom IV. What is the contribution of different cognitive biases and stressful childhood events to the presence and number of previous depressive episodes? Psychiatry Res 2014; 217:134-42. [PMID: 24726815 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Negative cognitive biases as well as stressful childhood events are well-known risk factors for depression. Few studies have compared the association of different types of biases and events with depression. The current study examined whether different cognitive biases and stressful childhood events variables were associated with depression and recurrence. Three types of childhood events were assessed in 83 never-depressed and 337 formerly depressed individuals: trauma within the family, trauma outside the family, and adverse events. Furthermore, after a sad mood induction procedure, participants executed a Dot Probe task (selective attentional bias), an Emotional Stroop task (attentional interference bias) and an incidental learning task (memory bias). The association of these measures with case status and recurrence status (one or multiple past episodes) was examined. Negative memory bias and traumatic childhood events within the family were associated with case status, whereas none of the bias measures or childhood events variables were associated with recurrence status. The results indicate that memory bias as well as the experience of aggression and/or abuse within the family during childhood are independently associated with depression. Biases and stressful childhood events did not offer differentiation between individuals with one or multiple past episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna N Vrijsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Eni S Becker
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vásquez
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anne Speckens
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris van Oostrom
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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Vogel S, Gerritsen L, van Oostrom I, Arias-Vásquez A, Rijpkema M, Joëls M, Franke B, Tendolkar I, Fernández G. Linking genetic variants of the mineralocorticoid receptor and negative memory bias: interaction with prior life adversity. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 40:181-90. [PMID: 24485490 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Substantial research has been conducted investigating the association between life adversity and genetic vulnerability for depression, but clear mechanistic links are rarely identified and investigation often focused on single genetic variants. Complex phenotypes like depression, however, are likely determined by multiple variants in interaction with environmental factors. As variations in the mineralocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C2) have been related to a higher risk for depression, we investigated whether NR3C2 variance is related to negative memory bias, an established endophenotype for depression, in healthy participants. Furthermore, we explored the influence of life adversity on this association. We used a set-based analysis to simultaneously test all measured variation in NR3C2 for an association with negative memory bias in 483 participants and an interaction with life adversity. To further specify this interaction, we split the sample into low and high live adversity groups and repeated the analyses in both groups separately. NR3C2 variance was associated with negative memory bias, especially in the high life adversity group. Additionally, we identified a functional polymorphism (rs5534) related to negative memory bias and demonstrating a gene×life adversity interaction. Variations in NR3C2 are associated with negative memory bias and this relationship appears to be influenced by life adversity. As negative memory bias is implicated in the susceptibility to depression, our findings provide mechanistic support for the notion that variations in NR3C2 - which could compromise the proper function of this receptor - are a risk factor for the development of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Vogel
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Lotte Gerritsen
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karolinska Institute, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Solna, Sweden
| | - Iris van Oostrom
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vásquez
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Rijpkema
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Joëls
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Indira Tendolkar
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; University of Duisburg-Essen, LVR Clinics of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Essen, Germany
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Vrijsen JN, van Oostrom I, Isaac L, Becker ES, Speckens A. Coherence Between Attentional and Memory Biases in Sad and Formerly Depressed Individuals. Cogn Ther Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-013-9590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Since the introduction of the associative network theory, mood-congruent biases in emotional information processing have been established in individuals in a sad and happy mood. Research has concentrated on memory and attentional biases. According to the network theory, mood-congruent behavioral tendencies would also be predicted. Alternatively, a general avoidance pattern would also be in line with the theory. Since cognitive biases have been assumed to operate strongly in case of social stimuli, mood-induced biases in approach and avoidance behavior towards emotional facial expressions were studied. 306 females were subjected to a highly emotional fragment of a sad or a happy movie, to induce either a sad mood or a happy mood. An Approach-Avoidance Task was implemented, in which single pictures of faces (with angry, sad, happy, or neutral expression) and non-social control pictures were presented. In contrast to our expectations, mood states did not produce differential behavioral biases. Mood-congruent and mood-incongruent behavioral tendencies were, however, present in a subgroup of participants with highest depressive symptomatology scores. This suggests that behavioral approach-avoidance biases are not sensitive to mood state, but more related to depressive characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna N. Vrijsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris van Oostrom
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Speckens
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eni S. Becker
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mike Rinck
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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van Oostrom I, Franke B, Arias Vasquez A, Rinck M, Tendolkar I, Verhagen M, van der Meij A, Buitelaar JK, Janzing JGE. Never-depressed females with a family history of depression demonstrate affective bias. Psychiatry Res 2013; 205:54-8. [PMID: 22921507 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
According to cognitive theories of depression, individuals susceptible to depression attend selectively to negative information. The purpose of the study was to examine if such an affective processing bias is present in never-depressed individuals with a family history of major depressive disorder (MDD). Formerly depressed female patients having at least one first-degree relative with a history of MDD (n=23), their never-depressed female siblings (n=21) and never-depressed female controls (n=21) performed a conventional and an emotional Stroop task using negative, positive and neutral words. A significant effect was found of group on negative processing bias; post hoc comparisons indicated that never-depressed siblings showed a larger negative processing bias than never-depressed controls. No significant differences were observed in positive bias or conventional interference between the three groups. Our findings suggest that never-depressed females with a family history of depression, like depressed patients, have more difficulties to inhibit negative material and to direct their attention towards task-specific material. This adds to the existing evidence that affective processing bias is a trait characteristic that contributes to the onset of depression and that could be a useful endophenotype for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris van Oostrom
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Hogebrug J, Koopmans PP, van Oostrom I, Schellekens A. [Neurosyphilis, the great imitator: a diagnostic challenge]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2013; 157:A6033. [PMID: 23890167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurosyphilis is a tertiary form of syphilis and is caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. Today, more than one type of neurosyphilis often manifest simultaneously, which can pose difficulties to the diagnostic process. CASE DESCRIPTION A 45-year-old man presented with an attack of stammering and loss of strength in the right half of his body. Diagnostic testing led to a suspected TIA and the man was treated as such. It was only a few months later, when he had developed more neurological symptoms, that the diagnosis of 'neurosyphilis' was made. Despite treatment with benzyl penicillin, he also developed symptoms of a psychiatric nature. CONCLUSION The patient described in this article had symptoms consistent with both meningovascular syphilis and generalised paresis. Detailed history-taking was necessary to make the diagnosis (the patient had a history of gonorrhoea). A seemingly insignificant detail - an elevated estimated sedimentation rate - was an important clue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Hogebrug
- Universitair Medisch Centrum St Radboud, Afd. Psychiatrie, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Isaac L, Vrijsen JN, Eling P, van Oostrom I, Speckens A, Becker ES. Verbal and facial-emotional Stroop tasks reveal specific attentional interferences in sad mood. Brain Behav 2012; 2:74-83. [PMID: 22574276 PMCID: PMC3343301 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mood congruence refers to the tendency of individuals to attend to information more readily when it has the same emotional content as their current mood state. The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether attentional interference occurred for participants in sad mood states for emotionally relevant stimuli (mood-congruence), and to determine whether this interference occurred for both valenced words and valenced faces. A mood induction procedure was administered to 116 undergraduate females divided into two equal groups for the sad and happy mood condition. This study employed three versions of the Stroop task: color, verbal-emotional, and a facial-emotional Stroop. The two mood groups did not differ on the color Stroop. Significant group differences were found on the verbal-emotional Stroop for sad words with longer latencies for sad-induced participants. Main findings for the facial-emotional Stroop were that sad mood is associated with attentional interference for angry-threatening faces as well as longer latencies for neutral faces. Group differences were not found for positive stimuli. These findings confirm that sad mood is associated with attentional interference for mood-congruent stimuli in the verbal domain (sad words), but this mood-congruent effect does not necessarily apply to the visual domain (sad faces). Attentional interference for neutral faces suggests sad mood participants did not necessarily see valence-free faces. Attentional interference for threatening stimuli is often associated with anxiety; however, the current results show that threat is not an attentional interference observed exclusively in states of anxiety but also in sad mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Isaac
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janna N. Vrijsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Eling
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris van Oostrom
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Speckens
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eni S. Becker
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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van Oostrom I, Franke B, Rijpkema M, Gerritsen L, Arias-Vásquez A, Fernández G, Tendolkar I. Interaction between BDNF Val66Met and childhood stressful life events is associated to affective memory bias in men but not women. Biol Psychol 2011; 89:214-9. [PMID: 22033217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent meta-analyses point towards a pathogenic role of the Val66Met variant of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in major depressive disorder, specifically in males. We investigated whether BDNF Val66Met shows a male-specific interaction with childhood stressful life events on affective memory bias, a cognitive susceptibility factor for depression. Healthy volunteers (n=430; 272 females and 158 males) were genotyped for BDNF Val66Met (rs6265) and completed the self-referent encoding task and a childhood stressful life events scale. BDNF Met carriers reporting childhood events tended to recall a lower proportion of positive words compared to Val/Val homozygotes reporting childhood events. Sex-specific analyses revealed that the BDNF genotype×childhood events interaction was significant in male participants and not in female participants. The results suggest that in males, BDNF Val66Met interacts with childhood life events, increasing the cognitive susceptibility markers of depression. In females, this effect may be independent of BDNF Val66Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris van Oostrom
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Vissers CTWM, Virgillito D, Fitzgerald DA, Speckens AEM, Tendolkar I, van Oostrom I, Chwilla DJ. The influence of mood on the processing of syntactic anomalies: evidence from P600. Neuropsychologia 2010; 48:3521-31. [PMID: 20696180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In several domains of psychology it has been shown that mood influences the way in which we process information. So far, little is known about the relation between mood and processes of language comprehension. In the present study we explore, whether, and if so how, mood affects the processing of syntactic anomalies in real time by recording event-related potentials (ERPs). To this aim we compared the P600 effect to subject-verb agreement errors relative to correct sentences while ERPs were recorded and mood was manipulated by presenting happy or sad film clips. The prediction was that if emotional state affects processes of language comprehension this should be reflected by an interaction between mood and P600. The results were as follows: first, the mood induction procedure was effective: participants were happier after watching happy film clips and sadder after watching sad film clips compared to baseline. Second, for P600 a mood by syntactic correctness interaction was obtained for the midline and lateral electrodes. The interaction reflected a broadly distributed P600 effect for the happy mood condition and a strong reduction in P600 effect for the sad mood condition. Correlation analyses confirmed that the observed changes in P600 effect were accompanied by reliable changes in emotional state. The present ERP findings demonstrate that mood interacts with processes of language comprehension. Three possible explanations for the mood by syntactic correctness interaction are discussed; one in terms of syntactic processing, one in terms of heuristic processing, and one in terms of more general factors like attention and/or motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Th W M Vissers
- Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands.
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van Oostrom I, Meijers-Heijboer H, Duivenvoorden HJ, Bröcker-Vriends AHJT, van Asperen CJ, Sijmons RH, Seynaeve C, Van Gool AR, Klijn JGM, Tibben A. The common sense model of self-regulation and psychological adjustment to predictive genetic testing: a prospective study. Psychooncology 2008; 16:1121-9. [PMID: 17328098 DOI: 10.1002/pon.1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This prospective study explored the contribution of illness representations and coping to cancer-related distress in unaffected individuals undergoing predictive genetic testing for an identified mutation in BRCA1/2 (BReast CAncer) or an HNPCC (Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer)-related gene, based on the common sense model of self-regulation. Coping with hereditary cancer (UCL), illness representations (IPQ-R) and risk perception were assessed in 235 unaffected applicants for genetic testing before test result disclosure. Hereditary cancer distress (IES) and cancer worry (CWS) were assessed before, 2 weeks after and 6 months after result disclosure. Timeline (r = 0.30), consequences (r = 0.25), illness coherence (r = 0.21) and risk perception (r = 0.20) were significantly correlated to passive coping. Passive coping predicted hereditary cancer distress and cancer worry from pre-test (beta = 0.46 and 0.42, respectively) up to 6 months after result disclosure (beta = 0.32 and 0.19, respectively). Illness coherence predicted hereditary cancer distress up to 6 months after result disclosure (beta = 0.24), too. The self-regulatory model may be useful to predict the cognitive and emotional reactions to genetic cancer susceptibility testing. Identifying unhelpful representations and cognitive restructuring may be appropriate interventions to help distressed individuals undergoing genetic susceptibility testing for a BRCA1/2 or a HNPCC-related mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris van Oostrom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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van Oostrom I, Meijers-Heijboer H, Duivenvoorden HJ, Bröcker-Vriends AHJT, van Asperen CJ, Sijmons RH, Seynaeve C, Van Gool AR, Klijn JGM, Riedijk SR, van Dooren S, Tibben A. A prospective study of the impact of genetic susceptibility testing for BRCA1/2 or HNPCC on family relationships. Psychooncology 2007; 16:320-8. [PMID: 16909428 DOI: 10.1002/pon.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of genetic testing for cancer susceptibility on family relationships and determinants of adverse consequences for family relationships. Applicants for genetic testing of a known familial pathogenic mutation in BRCA1/2 or a HNPCC related gene (N=271) rated the prevalence and nature of changes in family relationships, familial difficulties and conflicts due to genetic testing 6 months after receiving the test result. The level of family functioning, differentiation from parents, support and familial communication style regarding hereditary cancer were assessed before receiving the test result. Genetic testing affected some family relationships in a positive way (37%), i.e. by feeling closer, improved communication and support, more appreciation of the relative and relief of negative test result. A minority reported unwanted changes in relationships (19%), problematic situations (13%) or conflicts (4%). Adverse effects comprised feelings of guilt towards children and carrier siblings, imposed secrecy and communication problems. Predictors of adverse consequences on family relationships were reluctance to communicate about hereditary cancer with relatives and disengaged-rigid or enmeshed-chaotic family functioning. Open communication between relatives should be stimulated because a lack of open communication may be an important determinant of familial adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris van Oostrom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Westzeedijk 114, 3016 AH Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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25
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van Oostrom I, Meijers-Heijboer H, Duivenvoorden HJ, Bröcker-Vriends AHJT, van Asperen CJ, Sijmons RH, Seynaeve C, Van Gool AR, Klijn JGM, Tibben A. Comparison of individuals opting for BRCA1/2 or HNPCC genetic susceptibility testing with regard to coping, illness perceptions, illness experiences, family system characteristics and hereditary cancer distress. Patient Educ Couns 2007; 65:58-68. [PMID: 16872788 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 05/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study differences between individuals opting for genetic cancer susceptibility testing of a known familial BRCA1/2 and HNPCC related germline mutation. METHODS Coping, illness perceptions, experiences with cancer in relatives and family system characteristics were assessed in 271 applicants for genetic testing before test result disclosure. Hereditary cancer distress, worry and cancer risk perception were assessed before, 1 week after, and 6 months after disclosure. RESULTS Individuals from BRCA1/2 and HNPCC mutation families did not differ with regard to the number of experiences with cancer in relatives, grief symptoms, the course of cancer distress, worry and risk perception through time and most illness perceptions, coping responses and family characteristics. Individuals from BRCA1/2 families perceived hereditary cancer as more serious. They reported more frequently a passive coping style, cancer worry and a less open communication with their partner and children. CONCLUSION Besides subtle differences, psychological mechanisms may be mainly identical in individuals opting for BRCA1/2 and HNPCC susceptibility testing. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Based on our findings, using a similar counseling approach for individuals opting for BRCA1/2 or HNPCC genetic susceptibility testing is justified. In this approach, attention should be directed more to individual aspects than to the type of disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris van Oostrom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The
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van Oostrom I, Meijers-Heijboer H, Duivenvoorden HJ, Bröcker-Vriends AHJT, van Asperen CJ, Sijmons RH, Seynaeve C, Van Gool AR, Klijn JGM, Tibben A. Prognostic factors for hereditary cancer distress six months after BRCA1/2 or HNPCC genetic susceptibility testing. Eur J Cancer 2007; 43:71-7. [PMID: 17045473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study explored predictors for hereditary cancer distress six months after genetic susceptibility testing for a known familial BRCA1/2 or HNPCC related mutation, in order to gain insight into aspects relevant for the identification of individuals needing additional psychosocial support. Coping, illness representations, experiences with cancer in relatives and family system characteristics were assessed in 271 applicants for genetic testing before result disclosure. Hereditary cancer distress was assessed prospectively up to six months after disclosure. Regression analysis revealed that the pretest level of distress, complicated grief, the number of affected first-degree relatives and strong emotional illness representations were factors that best explained hereditary cancer distress. Other significant predictors were illness coherence, passive coping, distraction seeking, being aged <13 years when a parent was affected by cancer and family communication. Individuals who may benefit from additional support may be identified before result disclosure using a short instrument assessing the relevant aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris van Oostrom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Westzeedijk 112-114, 3016 AH, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
When BRCA1/2 genetic susceptibility testing was introduced in the clinic in the mid-nineties, the "Huntington protocol" was used in the counselling of individuals applying for genetic testing. This protocol includes at least three sessions with a certain reflection period before blood sampling. Evidence on the psychological impact of BRCA1/2 genetic susceptibility testing has been accumulating in the last years. We will give a short overview of these psychological studies in order to reflect the need of using the extensive Huntington protocol in the counselling of individuals applying for BRCA1/2 genetic susceptibility testing. A shortened and more flexible BRCA1/2 counselling protocol is delineated, in which the attention is focused on the needs and strengths of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris van Oostrom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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van Oostrom I, Meijers-Heijboer H, Lodder LN, Duivenvoorden HJ, van Gool AR, Seynaeve C, van der Meer CA, Klijn JGM, van Geel BN, Burger CW, Wladimiroff JW, Tibben A. Long-Term Psychological Impact of Carrying a BRCA1/2 Mutation and Prophylactic Surgery: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21:3867-74. [PMID: 14551306 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2003.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To explore long-term psychosocial consequences of carrying a BRCA1/2 mutation and to identify possible risk factors for long-term psychological distress. Patients and Methods: Five years after genetic test disclosure, 65 female participants (23 carriers, 42 noncarriers) of our psychological follow-up study completed a questionnaire and 51 participants were interviewed. We assessed general and hereditary cancer-related distress, risk perception, openness to discuss the test result with relatives, body image and sexual functioning. Results: Carriers did not differ from noncarriers on several distress measures and both groups showed a significant increase in anxiety and depression from 1 to 5 years follow-up. Carriers having undergone prophylactic surgery (21 of 23 carriers) had a less favorable body image than noncarriers and 70% reported changes in the sexual relationship. A major psychological benefit of prophylactic surgery was a reduction in the fear of developing cancer. Predictors of long-term distress were hereditary cancer-related distress at blood sampling, having young children, and having lost a relative to breast/ovarian cancer. Long-term distress was also associated with less open communication about the test result within the family, changes in relationships with relatives, doubting about the validity of the test result, and higher risk perception. Conclusion: Our findings support the emerging consensus that genetic predisposition testing for BRCA1/2 does not pose major mental health risks, but our findings also show that the impact of prophylactic surgery on aspects such as body image and sexuality should not be underestimated, and that some women are at risk for high distress, and as a result, need more attentive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris van Oostrom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the neurofunctional substrate of verbal learning and memory impairments in schizophrenic patients. In this pilot study, our aim was to compare the memory disturbance of schizophrenic patients to the subcortico-frontal memory profile of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The California Verbal Learning Test, a verbal episodic memory test, was administered to 60 subjects, 20 patients with schizophrenia, 20 patients with PD and 20 healthy control subjects. All subjects were aged between 50 and 70 years and all patients were in a stable phase. Like the Parkinson patients, the schizophrenic patients showed a major deficit of retrieval characterized by deficit of recalls but contrarily to PD patients, schizophrenic patients' encoding scores were altered. These impairments in episodic memory could suggest a dysfunction of the subcortico-frontal circuits in schizophrenic patients. However, they demonstrated an additional encoding deficit associated with probable frontal in situ alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris van Oostrom
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle (GIN), Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 6095/CEA, Université de Caen et Paris V, Centre Cyeron, BIH. Berguerel, France
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