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Dionizio A, Uyghurturk DA, Melo CGS, Sabino-Arias IT, Araujo TT, Ventura TMS, Perles JVCM, Zanoni JN, Den Besten P, Buzalaf MAR. Intestinal changes associated with fluoride exposure in rats: Integrative morphological, proteomic and microbiome analyses. Chemosphere 2021; 273:129607. [PMID: 33508686 PMCID: PMC8076095 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms are the first signs of toxicity due to exposure to fluoride (F). This suggests the possibility that lower levels of subchronic F exposure may affect the gut. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the morphology, proteome and microbiome of the ileum of rats, after subchronic exposure to F. Male rats ingested water with 0, 10, or 50 mgF/L for thirty days. Treatment with F, regardless of the dose, significantly decreased the density of HuC/D-IR neurons, whereas CGRP-IR and SP-IR varicosities were significantly increased compared to the control group. Increased VIP-IR varicosities were significantly increased only in the group treated with 50 mgF/L. A significant increase in thickness of the tunica muscularis, as well as in the total thickness of the ileum wall was observed at both F doses when compared to controls. In proteomics analysis, myosin isoforms were increased, and Gastrotopin was decreased in F-exposed mice. In the microbiome metagenomics analysis, Class Clostridia was significantly reduced upon exposure to 10 mgF/L. At the higher F dose of 50 mg/L, genus Ureaplasma was significantly reduced in comparison with controls. Morphological and proteomics alterations induced by F were marked by changes associated with inflammation, and alterations in the gut microbiome. Further studies are needed to determine whether F exposure increases inflammation with secondary effects of the gut microbiome, and/or whether primary effects of F on the gut microbiome enhance changes associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Dawud Abduweli Uyghurturk
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | - Tamara Teodoro Araujo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Pamela Den Besten
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
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Dionizio A, Melo CGS, Sabino-Arias IT, Araujo TT, Ventura TMO, Leite AL, Souza SRG, Santos EX, Heubel AD, Souza JG, Perles JVCM, Zanoni JN, Buzalaf MAR. Effects of acute fluoride exposure on the jejunum and ileum of rats: Insights from proteomic and enteric innervation analysis. Sci Total Environ 2020; 741:140419. [PMID: 32886984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F) is largely employed in dentistry, in therapeutic doses, to control caries. However, excessive intake may lead to adverse effects in the body. Since F is absorbed mostly from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), gastrointestinal symptoms are the first signs following acute F exposure. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanistic events that lead to these symptoms. Therefore, the present study evaluated changes in the proteomic profile as well as morphological changes in the jejunum and ileum of rats upon acute exposure to F. Male rats received, by gastric gavage, a single dose of F containing 0 (control) or 25 mg/Kg for 30 days. Upon exposure to F, there was a decrease in the thickness of the tunic muscularis for both segments and a decrease in the thickness of the wall only for the ileum. In addition, a decrease in the density of HuC/D-IR neurons and nNOS-IR neurons was found for the jejunum, but for the ileum only nNOS-IR neurons were decreased upon F exposure. Moreover, SP-IR varicosities were increased in both segments, while VIP-IR varicosities were increased in the jejunum and decreased in the ileum. As for the proteomic analysis, the proteins with altered expression were mostly negatively regulated and associated mainly with protein synthesis and energy metabolism. Proteomics also revealed alterations in proteins involved in oxidative/antioxidant defense, apoptosis and as well as in cytoskeletal proteins. Our results, when analyzed together, suggest that the gastrointestinal symptoms found in cases of acute F exposure might be related to the morphological alterations in the gut (decrease in the thickness of the tunica muscularis) that, at the molecular level, can be explained by alterations in the gut vipergic innervation and in proteins that regulate the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tamara Teodoro Araujo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Lima Leite
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Erika Xavier Santos
- Department of Morphophysiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Gadelha Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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Simões ACCD, Dionizio A, Câmara JVF, Sabino-Arias IT, Levy FM, Ventura TMO, Buzalaf NR, Batista TBD, Magalhães AC, Groisman S, Buzalaf MAR. Do commercial whitening dentifrices increase enamel erosive tooth wear? J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20190163. [PMID: 32236351 PMCID: PMC7105286 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This in vitro study evaluated the effect of commercial whitening dentifrices on erosive tooth wear (ETW) of bovine enamel samples, in comparison with commercial regular dentifrices. Methodology Sixty bovine crowns were embedded in acrylic resin, polished and then had their baseline profile determined. They were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n=12/group), according to the type of commercial dentifrice to be tested: GI – Crest Anti-cavity Regular; GII – Crest 3D White; GIII – Colgate Total 12 Clean Mint; GIV – Colgate Optic White; GV – Placebo (negative control, fluoride-free dentifrice). The samples were submitted to daily erosive and abrasive challenges for 3 days. The erosive challenges were performed 3 times a day by immersing the specimens in 0.1% citric acid solution (pH 2.5) for 90 s. Each day after the first and last erosive challenges, the specimens were subjected to the abrasive challenge for 15 s, using a toothbrushing machine (Biopdi, São Carlos, SP, Brazil), soft toothbrushes and slurry (1:3 g/ml) of the tested toothpastes (1.5 N). The specimens were kept in artificial saliva between the challenges. The final profile was obtained and the ETW (µm) was calculated. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s tests (p<0.05). Results All dentifrices tested significantly reduced the enamel wear in comparison with the Placebo, except GIII. The median (95% CI) ETW was 1.35 (1.25-1.46)bc for GI, 1.17 (1.01-1.34)cd for GII, 1.36 (1.28-1.45)ab for GIII, 1.08 (1.04-1.14)d for GIV and 2.28 (2.18-2.39)a for GV. Conclusion When dentifrices from the same manufacturer were compared, the whitening dentifrices led to similar or less wear than the regular ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Correa Duarte Simões
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia Social e Preventiva, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - João Victor Frazão Câmara
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia Social e Preventiva, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Isabela Tomazini Sabino-Arias
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Flávia Mauad Levy
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Talita Mendes Oliveira Ventura
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Nathalia Rabelo Buzalaf
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Sonia Groisman
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia Social e Preventiva, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
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Dionizio A, Pereira HABS, Araujo TT, Sabino-Arias IT, Fernandes MS, Oliveira KA, Raymundo FS, Cestari TM, Nogueira FN, Carvalho RA, Buzalaf MAR. Effect of Duration of Exposure to Fluoride and Type of Diet on Lipid Parameters and De Novo Lipogenesis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 190:157-171. [PMID: 30328034 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effect of duration of chronic treatment with fluoride (F, 50 mg/L as NaF) on the lipid profile, lipid droplets and triglycerides (TG) in liver was evaluated in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) previously induced by hyperlipidic diet and in animals fed normocaloric diet. In addition, the effect of F administered for a short period (20 days) was evaluated on de novo lipogenesis, by nuclear magnetic resonance. GRP78, Apo-E, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) were quantified by Western blotting. Our data indicate that F interferes in lipid metabolism and lipid droplets, having a different action depending on the exposure time and type of diet administered. F improved lipid parameters and reduced steatosis only when administered for a short period of time (up to 20 days) to animals fed normocaloric diet. However, when NAFLD was already installed, lipid parameters were only slightly improved at 20 days of treatment, but no effect was observed on the degree of steatosis. In addition, lipid profile was in general impaired when the animals were treated with F for 30 days, regardless of the diet. Moreover, F did not alter de novo lipogenesis in animals with installed NAFLD. Furthermore, hyperlipidic diet increased F accumulation in the body. GRP78 increased, while Apo-E and SREBP decreased in the F-treated groups. Our results provide new insights on how F affects lipid metabolism depending on the available energy source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Aparecida Barbosa Silva Pereira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Tamara Teodoro Araujo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Isabela Tomazini Sabino-Arias
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Mileni Silva Fernandes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Karina Aparecida Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Fabielle Sales Raymundo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Tânia Mary Cestari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Fernando Neves Nogueira
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rui Albuquerque Carvalho
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Edifício São Bento, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
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Malvezzi MAPN, Pereira HABS, Dionizio A, Araujo TT, Buzalaf NR, Sabino-Arias IT, Fernandes MS, Grizzo LT, Magalhães AC, Buzalaf MAR. Low-level fluoride exposure reduces glycemia in NOD mice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 168:198-204. [PMID: 30388537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Water fluoridation is the most widespread measure to prevent dental caries but its relationship with the development of type-1 diabetes (T1D), which has been increasing by 2-5% worldwide, is not quite well understood. AIM This study evaluated if fluoride (F) administered in the drinking water can prevent or reduce the development of T1D in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, as well as to explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four weaning NOD mice received water containing 0, 10 or 50 ppm F for 21 days. Plasma glucose and insulin were analyzed. Quantitative proteomic analysis was conducted in the liver and gastrocnemius muscle. RESULTS Animals treated with 10 ppm F had significantly lower glucose levels than the control group, but there was no significant difference among the groups in relation to insulin. The % of β-cell function was significantly higher in the 10 ppm F group. Changes in the proteomic profile of muscle and liver were seen among the groups. In the muscle, the 10 ppm F group presented, when compared with control, increased expression of proteins involved in energy metabolism. The 50 ppm F group, compared with control, presented increased expression of proteins related to muscle contraction, differentiation of brown adipose tissue and apoptosis. For the liver, the 10 ppm F group had increase in proteins involved in energy metabolism and protein synthesis, in respect to control. There was also an increase in isoforms of Glutathione S transferase, which was confirmed by Western blotting. In the group treated with 50 ppm F, proteins related to ROS metabolism and energetic metabolism were altered. CONCLUSION Increased expression of antioxidant proteins by treatment with low F concentration may possibly help to explain protection against the development of T1D, which should be better explored in future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aparecida Pereira Nunes Malvezzi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Aparecida Barbosa Silva Pereira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamara Teodoro Araujo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Tomazini Sabino-Arias
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mileni Silva Fernandes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Tercilia Grizzo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
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