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Uche OU, Perez D, Voter AF, Hamilton JC. Rapid diffusion of magic-size islands by combined glide and vacancy mechanism. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:046101. [PMID: 19659373 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.046101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics, nudged elastic band, and embedded atom methods, we show that certain 2D Ag islands undergo extremely rapid one-dimensional diffusion on Cu(001) surfaces. Indeed, below 300 K, hopping rates for "magic-size" islands are orders of magnitude faster than hopping rates for single Ag adatoms. This rapid diffusion requires both the c(10 x 2) hexagonally packed superstructure typical of Ag on Cu(001) and appropriate "magic sizes" for the islands. The novel highly cooperative diffusion mechanism presented here couples vacancy diffusion with simultaneous core glide.
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Affiliation(s)
- O U Uche
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Khalife MA, Boynton JR, Dennison JB, Yaman P, Hamilton JC. In Vivo Evaluation of DIAGNOdent for the Quantification of Occlusal Dental Caries. Oper Dent 2009; 34:136-41. [DOI: 10.2341/08-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical RelevanceThere is a weak correlation between DIAGNOdent readings and carious lesion depth and volume. Based on the current study, the appropriate DIAGNOdent cut-off point to detect carious lesions reaching the DEJ or beyond is between 35 and 40.
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Abraham J, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Aguirre C, Allard D, Allekotte I, Allen J, Allison P, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Ambrosio M, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Anzalone A, Aramo C, Argirò S, Arisaka K, Armengaud E, Arneodo F, Arqueros F, Asch T, Asorey H, Assis P, Atulugama BS, Aublin J, Ave M, Avila G, Bäcker T, Badagnani D, Barbosa AF, Barnhill D, Barroso SLC, Baughman B, Bauleo P, Beatty JJ, Beau T, Becker BR, Becker KH, Bellido JA, Benzvi S, Berat C, Bergmann T, Bernardini P, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Billoir P, Blanch-Bigas O, Blanco F, Blasi P, Bleve C, Blümer H, Bohácová M, Bonifazi C, Bonino R, Brack J, Brogueira P, Brown WC, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Burton RE, Busca NG, Caballero-Mora KS, Cai B, Camin DV, Caramete L, Caruso R, Carvalho W, Castellina A, Catalano O, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chauvin J, Chiavassa A, Chinellato JA, Chou A, Chudoba J, Chye J, Clark PDJ, Clay RW, Colombo E, Conceição R, Connolly B, Contreras F, Coppens J, Cordier A, Cotti U, Coutu S, Covault CE, Creusot A, Criss A, Cronin J, Curutiu A, Dagoret-Campagne S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, de Almeida RM, De Donato C, de Jong SJ, De La Vega G, Junior WJMDM, Neto JRTDM, De Mitri I, de Souza V, Del Peral L, Deligny O, Della Selva A, Fratte CD, Dembinski H, Di Giulio C, Diaz JC, Diep PN, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Dong PN, Dornic D, Dorofeev A, Dos Anjos JC, Dova MT, D'Urso D, Dutan I, Duvernois MA, Engel R, Epele L, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Luis PFS, Falcke H, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Ferrer F, Ferrero A, Fick B, Filevich A, Filipcic A, Fleck I, Fracchiolla CE, Fulgione W, García B, Gámez DG, Garcia-Pinto D, Garrido X, Geenen H, Gelmini G, Gemmeke H, Ghia PL, Giller M, Glass H, Gold MS, Golup G, Albarracin FG, Berisso MG, Gonçalves P, do Amaral MG, Gonzalez D, Gonzalez JG, González M, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gouffon P, Grassi V, Grillo AF, Grunfeld C, Guardincerri Y, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Gutiérrez J, Hague JD, Halenka V, Hamilton JC, Hansen P, Harari D, Harmsma S, Harton JL, Haungs A, Hauschildt T, Healy MD, Hebbeker T, Hebrero G, Heck D, Hojvat C, Holmes VC, Homola P, Hörandel JR, Horneffer A, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hussain M, Iarlori M, Insolia A, Ionita F, Italiano A, Kaducak M, Kampert KH, Karova T, Kasper P, Kégl B, Keilhauer B, Kemp E, Kieckhafer RM, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Knapik R, Knapp J, Koang DH, Krieger A, Krömer O, Kuempel D, Kunka N, Kusenko A, La Rosa G, Lachaud C, Lago BL, Lebrun D, Lebrun P, Lee J, de Oliveira MAL, Letessier-Selvon A, Leuthold M, Lhenry-Yvon I, López R, Agüera AL, Bahilo JL, Lucero A, García RL, Maccarone MC, Macolino C, Maldera S, Mancarella G, Manceñido ME, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi AG, Maris IC, Falcon HRM, Martello D, Martínez J, Bravo OM, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthews JAJ, Matthiae G, Maurizio D, Mazur PO, McCauley T, McEwen M, McNeil RR, Medina MC, Medina-Tanco G, Melo D, Menichetti E, Menschikov A, Meurer C, Meyhandan R, Micheletti MI, Miele G, Miller W, Mollerach S, Monasor M, Ragaigne DM, Montanet F, Morales B, Morello C, Moreno JC, Morris C, Mostafá M, Muller MA, Mussa R, Navarra G, Navarro JL, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Newman-Holmes C, Newton D, Nhung PT, Nierstenhoefer N, Nitz D, Nosek D, Nozka L, Oehlschläger J, Ohnuki T, Olinto A, Olmos-Gilbaja VM, Ortiz M, Ortolani F, Ostapchenko S, Otero L, Pacheco N, Selmi-Dei DP, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Parente G, Parizot E, Parlati S, Pastor S, Patel M, Paul T, Pavlidou V, Payet K, Pech M, Pekala J, Pelayo R, Pepe IM, Perrone L, Pesce R, Petrera S, Petrinca P, Petrov Y, Pichel A, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pinto T, Pirronello V, Pisanti O, Platino M, Pochon J, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel EJ, Rautenberg J, Redondo A, Reucroft S, Revenu B, Rezende FAS, Ridky J, Riggi S, Risse M, Rivière C, Rizi V, Roberts M, Robledo C, Rodriguez G, Martino JR, Rojo JR, Rodriguez-Cabo I, Rodríguez-Frías MD, Ros G, Rosado J, Roth M, Rouillé-d'Orfeuil B, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sánchez F, Santander M, Santo CE, Santos EM, Sarazin F, Sarkar S, Sato R, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schmidt A, Schmidt F, Schmidt T, Scholten O, Schovánek P, Schroeder F, Schulte S, Schüssler F, Sciutto SJ, Scuderi M, Segreto A, Semikoz D, Settimo M, Shellard RC, Sidelnik I, Siffert BB, Sigl G, Grande NSD, Smiałkowski A, Smída R, Smith AGK, Smith BE, Snow GR, Sokolsky P, Sommers P, Sorokin J, Spinka H, Squartini R, Strazzeri E, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Sutherland MS, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Takahashi J, Tamashiro A, Tamburro A, Tarutina T, Taşcău O, Tcaciuc R, Thao NT, Thomas D, Ticona R, Tiffenberg J, Timmermans C, Tkaczyk W, Peixoto CJT, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Torres I, Travnicek P, Tripathi A, Tristram G, Tscherniakhovski D, Tuci V, Tueros M, Tunnicliffe V, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Galicia JFV, Valiño I, Valore L, van den Berg AM, van Elewyck V, Vázquez RA, Veberic D, Veiga A, Velarde A, Venters T, Verzi V, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vorobiov S, Voyvodic L, Wahlberg H, Wahrlich P, Wainberg O, Walker P, Warner D, Watson AA, Westerhoff S, Wieczorek G, Wiencke L, Wilczyńska B, Wilczyński H, Wileman C, Winnick MG, Wu H, Wundheiler B, Yamamoto T, Younk P, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zaw I, Zepeda A, Ziolkowski M. Observation of the suppression of the flux of cosmic rays above 4 x 10 (19) eV. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:061101. [PMID: 18764444 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.061101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 2.5 x 10;{18} eV, derived from 20,000 events recorded at the Pierre Auger Observatory, is described. The spectral index gamma of the particle flux, J proportional, variantE;{-gamma}, at energies between 4 x 10;{18} eV and 4 x 10;{19} eV is 2.69+/-0.02(stat)+/-0.06(syst), steepening to 4.2+/-0.4(stat)+/-0.06(syst) at higher energies. The hypothesis of a single power law is rejected with a significance greater than 6 standard deviations. The data are consistent with the prediction by Greisen and by Zatsepin and Kuz'min.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abraham
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, FR-Mendoza, Argentina
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Abraham J, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Aguirre C, Allard D, Allekotte I, Allen J, Allison P, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Ambrosio M, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Anzalone A, Aramo C, Argirò S, Arisaka K, Armengaud E, Arneodo F, Arqueros F, Asch T, Asorey H, Assis P, Atulugama BS, Aublin J, Ave M, Avila G, Bäcker T, Badagnani D, Barbosa AF, Barnhill D, Barroso SLC, Bauleo P, Beatty JJ, Beau T, Becker BR, Becker KH, Bellido JA, BenZvi S, Berat C, Bergmann T, Bernardini P, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Billoir P, Blanch-Bigas O, Blanco F, Blasi P, Bleve C, Blümer H, Bohácová M, Bonifazi C, Bonino R, Boratav M, Brack J, Brogueira P, Brown WC, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Burton RE, Busca NG, Caballero-Mora KS, Cai B, Camin DV, Caramete L, Caruso R, Carvalho W, Castellina A, Catalano O, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chauvin J, Chiavassa A, Chinellato JA, Chou A, Chye J, Clark PDJ, Clay RW, Colombo E, Conceição R, Connolly B, Contreras F, Coppens J, Cordier A, Cotti U, Coutu S, Covault CE, Creusot A, Criss A, Cronin J, Curutiu A, Dagoret-Campagne S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, de Almeida RM, De Donato C, de Jong SJ, De La Vega G, de Mello Junior WJM, de Mello Neto JRT, DeMitri I, de Souza V, del Peral L, Deligny O, Della Selva A, Delle Fratte C, Dembinski H, Di Giulio C, Diaz JC, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Dornic D, Dorofeev A, dos Anjos JC, Dova MT, D'Urso D, Dutan I, DuVernois MA, Engel R, Epele L, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Facal San Luis P, Falcke H, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Ferrer F, Ferry S, Fick B, Filevich A, Filipcic A, Fleck I, Fonte R, Fracchiolla CE, Fulgione W, García B, García Gámez D, Garcia-Pinto D, Garrido X, Geenen H, Gelmini G, Gemmeke H, Ghia PL, Giller M, Glass H, Gold MS, Golup G, Gomez Albarracin F, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Herrero R, Gonçalves P, Gonçalves do Amaral M, Gonzalez D, Gonzalez JG, González M, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gouffon P, Grassi V, Grillo AF, Grunfeld C, Guardincerri Y, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Gutiérrez J, Hague JD, Hamilton JC, Hansen P, Harari D, Harmsma S, Harton JL, Haungs A, Hauschildt T, Healy MD, Hebbeker T, Hebrero G, Heck D, Hojvat C, Holmes VC, Homola P, Hörandel J, Horneffer A, Horvat M, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hussain M, Iarlori M, Insolia A, Ionita F, Italiano A, Kaducak M, Kampert KH, Karova T, Kégl B, Keilhauer B, Kemp E, Kieckhafer RM, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Knapik R, Knapp J, Koang DH, Krieger A, Krömer O, Kuempel D, Kunka N, Kusenko A, La Rosa G, Lachaud C, Lago BL, Lebrun D, Lebrun P, Lee J, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Letessier-Selvon A, Leuthold M, Lhenry-Yvon I, López R, Lopez Agüera A, Lozano Bahilo J, Luna García R, Maccarone MC, Macolino C, Maldera S, Mancarella G, Manceñido ME, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi AG, Maris IC, Marquez Falcon HR, Martello D, Martínez J, Martínez Bravo O, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthews JAJ, Matthiae G, Maurizio D, Mazur PO, McCauley T, McEwen M, McNeil RR, Medina MC, Medina-Tanco G, Meli A, Melo D, Menichetti E, Menschikov A, Meurer C, Meyhandan R, Micheletti MI, Miele G, Miller W, Mollerach S, Monasor M, Monnier Ragaigne D, Montanet F, Morales B, Morello C, Moreno JC, Morris C, Mostafá M, Muller MA, Mussa R, Navarra G, Navarro JL, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Newman-Holmes C, Newton D, Nguyen Thi T, Nierstenhoefer N, Nitz D, Nosek D, Nozka L, Oehlschläger J, Ohnuki T, Olinto A, Olmos-Gilbaja VM, Ortiz M, Ortolani F, Ostapchenko S, Otero L, Pacheco N, Pakk Selmi-Dei D, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Parente G, Parizot E, Parlati S, Pastor S, Patel M, Paul T, Pavlidou V, Payet K, Pech M, Pekala J, Pelayo R, Pepe IM, Perrone L, Petrera S, Petrinca P, Petrov Y, Pham Ngoc D, Pham Ngoc D, Pham Thi TN, Pichel A, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pinto T, Pirronello V, Pisanti O, Platino M, Pochon J, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel EJ, Rautenberg J, Redondo A, Reucroft S, Revenu B, Rezende FAS, Ridky J, Riggi S, Risse M, Rivière C, Rizi V, Roberts M, Robledo C, Rodriguez G, Rodríguez Frías D, Rodriguez Martino J, Rodriguez Rojo J, Rodriguez-Cabo I, Ros G, Rosado J, Roth M, Rouillé-d'Orfeuil B, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sánchez F, Santander M, Santo CE, Santos EM, Sarazin F, Sarkar S, Sato R, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schmidt A, Schmidt F, Schmidt T, Scholten O, Schovánek P, Schüssler F, Sciutto SJ, Scuderi M, Segreto A, Semikoz D, Settimo M, Shellard RC, Sidelnik I, Siffert BB, Sigl G, Smetniansky De Grande N, Smiałkowski A, Smída R, Smith AGK, Smith BE, Snow GR, Sokolsky P, Sommers P, Sorokin J, Spinka H, Squartini R, Strazzeri E, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Sutherland MS, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Takahashi J, Tamashiro A, Tamburro A, Taşcău O, Tcaciuc R, Thomas D, Ticona R, Tiffenberg J, Timmermans C, Tkaczyk W, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Torres I, Torresi D, Travnicek P, Tripathi A, Tristram G, Tscherniakhovski D, Tueros M, Tunnicliffe V, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, van den Berg AM, van Elewyck V, Vázquez RA, Veberic D, Veiga A, Velarde A, Venters T, Verzi V, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vorobiov S, Voyvodic L, Wahlberg H, Wainberg O, Walker P, Warner D, Watson AA, Westerhoff S, Wieczorek G, Wiencke L, Wilczyńska B, Wilczyński H, Wileman C, Winnick MG, Wu H, Wundheiler B, Yamamoto T, Younk P, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zech A, Zepeda A, Ziolkowski M. Upper limit on the diffuse flux of ultrahigh energy tau neutrinos from the Pierre Auger Observatory. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:211101. [PMID: 18518595 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.211101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory is sensitive to Earth-skimming tau neutrinos that interact in Earth's crust. Tau leptons from nu(tau) charged-current interactions can emerge and decay in the atmosphere to produce a nearly horizontal shower with a significant electromagnetic component. The data collected between 1 January 2004 and 31 August 2007 are used to place an upper limit on the diffuse flux of nu(tau) at EeV energies. Assuming an E(nu)(-2) differential energy spectrum the limit set at 90% C.L. is E(nu)(2)dN(nu)(tau)/dE(nu)<1.3 x 10(-7) GeV cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) in the energy range 2 x 10(17) eV< E(nu)< 2 x 10(19) eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abraham
- Centro de Investigaciones en Laseres y Aplicaciones, CITEFA and CONICET, Argentina
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Abraham J, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Aguirre C, Allard D, Allekotte I, Allen J, Allison P, Alvarez C, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Ambrosio M, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Anzalone A, Aramo C, Argirò S, Arisaka K, Armengaud E, Arneodo F, Arqueros F, Asch T, Asorey H, Assis P, Atulugama BS, Aublin J, Ave M, Avila G, Bäcker T, Badagnani D, Barbosa AF, Barnhill D, Barroso SLC, Bauleo P, Beatty J, Beau T, Becker BR, Becker KH, Bellido JA, BenZvi S, Berat C, Bergmann T, Bernardini P, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Billoir P, Blanch-Bigas O, Blanco F, Blasi P, Bleve C, Blümer H, Boháčová M, Bonifazi C, Bonino R, Boratav M, Brack J, Brogueira P, Brown WC, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Busca NG, Caballero-Mora KS, Cai B, Camin DV, Caruso R, Carvalho W, Castellina A, Catalano O, Cataldi G, Cazón-Boado L, Cester R, Chauvin J, Chiavassa A, Chinellato JA, Chou A, Chye J, Clark PDJ, Clay RW, Colombo E, Conceição R, Connolly B, Contreras F, Coppens J, Cordier A, Cotti U, Coutu S, Covault CE, Creusot A, Cronin J, Dagoret-Campagne S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, de Almeida RM, De Donato C, de Jong SJ, De La Vega G, de Mello Junior WJM, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Souza V, del Peral L, Deligny O, Selva AD, Fratte CD, Dembinski H, Di Giulio C, Diaz JC, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Dornic D, Dorofeev A, Anjos JCD, Dova MT, D'Urso D, DuVernois MA, Engel R, Epele L, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Luis PFS, Falcke H, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Fernández A, Ferrer F, Ferry S, Fick B, Filevich A, Filipčič A, Fleck I, Fonte R, Fracchiolla CE, Fulgione W, García B, García Gámez D, Garcia-Pinto D, Garrido X, Geenen H, Gelmini G, Gemmeke H, Ghia PL, Giller M, Glass H, Gold MS, Golup G, Albarracin FG, Berisso MG, Herrero RG, Gonçalves P, do Amaral MG, Gonzalez D, Gonzalez JG, González M, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gouffon P, Grassi V, Grillo A, Grunfeld C, Guardincerri Y, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Gutiérrez J, Hague JD, Hamilton JC, Hansen P, Harari D, Harmsma S, Harton JL, Haungs A, Hauschildt T, Healy MD, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Hojvat C, Holmes VC, Homola P, Hörandel J, Horneffer A, Horvat M, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Iarlori M, Insolia A, Ionita F, Italiano A, Kaducak M, Kampert KH, Keilhauer B, Kemp E, Kieckhafer RM, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Knapik R, Knapp J, Koang DH, Kopmann A, Krieger A, Krömer O, Kümpel D, Kunka N, Kusenko A, La Rosa G, Lachaud C, Lago BL, Lebrun D, LeBrun P, Lee J, de Oliveira MAL, Letessier-Selvon A, Leuthold M, Lhenry-Yvon I, López R, Lopez Agüera A, Bahilo JL, Maccarone MC, Macolino C, Maldera S, Malek M, Mancarella G, Manceñido ME, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi AG, Maris IC, Martello D, Martínez J, Bravo OM, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthews JAJ, Matthiae G, Maurizio D, Mazur PO, McCauley T, McEwen M, McNeil RR, Medina MC, Medina-Tanco G, Meli A, Melo D, Menichetti E, Menschikov A, Meurer C, Meyhandan R, Micheletti MI, Miele G, Miller W, Mollerach S, Monasor M, Ragaigne DM, Montanet F, Morales B, Morello C, Moreno E, Moreno JC, Morris C, Mostafá M, Muller MA, Mussa R, Navarra G, Navarro JL, Navas S, Nellen L, Newman-Holmes C, Newton D, Thi TN, Nierstenhöfer N, Nitz D, Nosek D, Nožka L, Oehlschläger J, Ohnuki T, Olinto A, Olmos-Gilbaja VM, Ortiz M, Ostapchenko S, Otero L, Selmi-Dei DP, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Parente G, Parizot E, Parlati S, Pastor S, Patel M, Paul T, Pavlidou V, Payet K, Pech M, Pȩkala J, Pelayo R, Pepe IM, Perrone L, Petrera S, Petrinca P, Petrov Y, Ngoc D, Ngoc D, Thi TNP, Pichel A, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pinto T, Pirronello V, Pisanti O, Platino M, Pochon J, Porter TA, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel EJ, Rautenberg J, Reucroft S, Revenu B, Rezende FAS, Řídký J, Riggi S, Risse M, Rivière C, Rizi V, Roberts M, Robledo C, Rodriguez G, Frías DR, Martino JR, Rojo JR, Rodriguez-Cabo I, Ros G, Rosado J, Roth M, Rouillé-d'Orfeuil B, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sánchez F, Santander M, Santo CE, Santos EM, Sarazin F, Sarkar S, Sato R, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schmidt F, Schmidt T, Scholten O, Schovánek P, Schüssler F, Sciutto SJ, Scuderi M, Segreto A, Semikoz D, Settimo M, Shellard RC, Sidelnik I, Siffert BB, Sigl G, De Grande NS, Smiałkowski A, šmída R, Smith AGK, Smith BE, Snow GR, Sokolsky P, Sommers P, Sorokin J, Spinka H, Squartini R, Strazzeri E, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Sutherland MS, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Takahashi J, Tamashiro A, Tamburro A, Taşcău O, Tcaciuc R, Thomas D, Ticona R, Tiffenberg J, Timmermans C, Tkaczyk W, Peixoto CJT, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Torresi D, Travnicek P, Tripathi A, Tristram G, Tscherniakhovski D, Tueros M, Tunnicliffe V, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Galicia JFV, Valiño I, Valore L, van den Berg AM, van Elewyck V, Vázquez RA, Veberič D, Veiga A, Velarde A, Venters T, Verzi V, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vorobiov S, Voyvodic L, Wahlberg H, Wainberg O, Waldenmaier T, Walker P, Warner D, Watson AA, Westerhoff S, Wieczorek G, Wiencke L, Wilczyńska B, Wilczyński H, Wileman C, Winnick MG, Wu H, Wundheiler B, Xu J, Yamamoto T, Younk P, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zech A, Zepeda A, Ziolkowski M. Correlation of the Highest-Energy Cosmic Rays with Nearby Extragalactic Objects. Science 2007; 318:938-43. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1151124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Hamilton JC, Léonard F, Johnson E, Dahmen U. Pb nanoprecipitates in Al: magic-shape effects due to elastic strain. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:236102. [PMID: 17677921 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.236102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a theory for size-dependent shapes of Pb nanoprecipitates in Al, introducing the concept of "magic shapes," i.e., shapes having near-zero homogeneous elastic strains. Our quantitative atomistic calculations of edge energies show their effect on precipitate shape to be negligible, thus it appears that shapes must be due to the combined effect of strain and interface energies. By employing an algorithm for generating magic shapes, we replicate the experimental observations by selecting magic-shape precipitates with interfacial energies less than a cutoff value.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hamilton
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, USA
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Abstract
Factitious disorder, including Munchausen syndrome, is seldom documented among pregnant patients but can have powerful consequences. We report on a 44-year-old woman who, over a period of two decades, self-induced labour and delivery in five consecutive pregnancies. She precipitated labour by rupturing her own amniotic sac with a fingernail or cervical manipulation, or misappropriating and self-administering prostaglandin suppositories from the hospital unit on which she worked as a nurse. Preterm deliveries resulted in fetal demise in one case and in neonatal intensive care treatment for two of the offspring. One of the surviving children has cerebral palsy attributable to the mother's factitious illness behaviour, which raises the spectre of Munchausen by proxy maltreatment. The patient sought attention and care through the ruses, which have never been uncovered by her obstetric and gynaecologic caregivers. Indeed, she underwent an unnecessary hysterectomy because of the illusion of heavy menstrual bleeding. Most recently, the patient has been engaging in surreptitious autophlebotomy to force blood transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Feldman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, The Unoversity of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Al 35243-5351, USA.
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Marquis EA, Hamilton JC, Medlin DL, Léonard F. Finite-size effects on the structure of grain boundaries. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:156101. [PMID: 15524904 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.156101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a combined experimental and theoretical analysis of the structure of finite-sized Sigma 3 [112] grain boundaries in Au. High-resolution electron microscopy shows lattice translations at the grain boundary, with the magnitude of the translation varying along the finite-sized grain boundaries. The presence of this structural profile is explained using continuum elasticity theory and first-principles calculations as originating from a competition between elastic energy and the energy cost of forming continuous [111] planes across the boundary. This competition leads to a structural transition between offset-free and nontrivial grain boundary structures at a critical grain boundary size, in agreement with the experiments. We also provide a method to estimate the energy barrier of the gamma surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Marquis
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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Abstract
Recent calculations have shown that grain boundary (GB) stress is too small to stabilize finite GB facets, suggesting that the existing theory of GB defaceting phase transitions is incomplete. We perform molecular dynamics calculations, which show a reversible phase transition at approximately 400 K with a concerted shuffle of two atoms at the facet junction as the elementary excitation. Based on this excitation we formulate an appropriate lattice model, perform Monte Carlo simulations, and establish an analytical relationship between the elementary excitation energy and the transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Daruka
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Ling WL, de la Figuera J, Bartelt NC, Hwang RQ, Schmid AK, Thayer GE, Hamilton JC. Strain relief through heterophase interface reconstruction: Ag(111)/Ru(0001). Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:116102. [PMID: 15089153 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.116102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental (scanning tunneling microscopy) and theoretical (embedded atom method) study of a heterophase interface reconstruction between Ag(111) and Ru(0001). Despite the large 7% mismatch, the second layer of Ag from the Ru exhibits a hexagonal structure with Ag bulk spacing, providing a close match to bulk Ag. The first layer of Ag (next to Ru) is reconstructed in a highly symmetrical and regular structure containing monolayer long threading dislocations. We argue that this structure may generally occur to relieve strain in a certain class of heterophase interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Ling
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Siegel DJ, Van Schilfgaarde M, Hamilton JC. Understanding the magnetocatalytic effect: magnetism as a driving force for surface segregation. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:086101. [PMID: 14995794 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.086101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The magnetocatalytic (or Hedvall) effect refers to a change in the rate of a chemical reaction on a magnetic surface at the Curie point T(C). For Ni catalysts, experiments suggest the effect is related to a sudden increase in segregated surface C, a strong catalytic poison, at temperatures below T(C). However, the connection between magnetism and surface segregation is not understood. Using density functional theory and spin-dynamics simulations, we show that the solubility of C in Ni is significantly reduced in the ferromagnetic state, because C suppresses Ni magnetism and thereby increases the heat of solution. This explains the observed increase in C segregation and the reduced catalytic activity below T(C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Siegel
- Sandia National Laboratories, Mail Stop 9161, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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Abstract
Uniform finite facets are frequently observed at grain boundaries (GBs) and are usually attributed to equilibrium stabilization by GB stress. We report calculations for an aluminum twin GB using density functional theory, the embedded-atom method, and continuum elasticity theory. These methods show that GB stress is much too small to stabilize finite facets, suggesting that the usual explanation is incorrect.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hamilton
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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Fletcher JH, Hamilton JC, Hechenbleikner I, Hoegberg EI, Sertl BJ, Cassaday JT. The Synthesis of Parathion and Some Closely Related Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01162a028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hamilton JC. Overlayer strain relief on surfaces with square symmetry: phase diagram for a 2D Frenkel-Kontorova model. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:126101. [PMID: 11909482 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.126101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Overlayers on surfaces with square symmetry exhibit a huge variety of strain relief mechanisms. I present a simple 2D Frenkel-Kontorova model and calculate the associated zero temperature phase diagram which shows a transition from overlayers with square symmetry (and possible square dislocation patterns) to hexagonal symmetry. The phase diagram includes the experimentally observed clock-rotated phase. Local density approximation calculations suggested by the model show that a clean Ni(100) surface reconstructs from a bulk-terminated to a clock-rotated structure at biaxial compressive strains above 2.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hamilton
- Sandia National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Rodríguez de la Fuente O, Zimmerman JA, González MA, de La Figuera J, Hamilton JC, Pai WW, Rojo JM. Dislocation emission around nanoindentations on a (001) fcc metal surface studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and atomistic simulations. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:036101. [PMID: 11801073 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.036101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a combined study by scanning tunneling microscopy and atomistic simulations of the emission of dissociated dislocation loops by nanoindentation on a (001) fcc surface. The latter consist of two stacking-fault ribbons bounded by Shockley partials and a stair-rod dislocation. These dissociated loops, which intersect the surface, are shown to originate from loops of interstitial character emitted along the <110> directions and are usually located at hundreds of angstroms away from the indentation point. Simulations reproduce the nucleation and glide of these dislocation loops.
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Abstract
Atomistic simulation is used to examine nanoindentation of a Au(111) crystal both near and far from a surface step. While the load needed to nucleate dislocations decreases significantly when indenting close to the step, the extent of the step's influence is not as great as seen experimentally. This behavior is explained by measuring the contact area from the simulation data. A new metric, the slip vector, shows material slip coinciding with the <112> directions of a lowest unstable stacking fault barrier. The slip vector is used to calculate an atomic critical resolved shear stress, which is shown to be a good dislocation nucleation criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Zimmerman
- Sandia National Laboratories, MS 9161, P.O. Box 969, Livermore, California 94551-0969, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of treating questionable incipient lesions early with air abrasion, a modality used by many practitioners, has not been adequately demonstrated. METHODS The authors enrolled 223 teeth, each with a questionable incipient pit-and-fissure carious lesion, from 93 dental patients in a projected five-year randomized clinical trial. Caries was defined as softness, decalcification or cavitation at the base of a pit or fissure or radiographic evidence of caries. Each tooth was randomly assigned to either a treatment group (n = 113 teeth) or a control group (n = 110 teeth) (which was observed but left untreated until the definition of caries was met). Each tooth in the treatment group was air-abraded and restored with a flowable resin-based composite. The authors re-examined teeth in both groups every six months; they evaluated the restorations using a modified set of Ryge criteria and inspected teeth for caries using radiographs, mirrors and standardized explorers. RESULTS Of the 113 teeth with questionable incipient carious lesions air-abraded in the treatment group, 50 had caries extending into dentin. After 12 months of clinical service, there were three sealants that exhibited a partial loss of sealant which did not require any re-treatment. Two restorations with penetrating staining were re-treated. In the control group at the end of 12 months, only nine of the 86 recalled teeth were diagnosed with pit-and-fissure caries and were treated with air abrasion and restored with flowable resin-based composite. There was no statistically significant difference between the volume of the treatment and control preparations. CONCLUSION After 12 months of clinical service, two preventive resin-based composite restorations in the treatment group required re-treatment. Fewer teeth than expected in the control group were diagnosed as having caries and were treated. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The merit of treating questionable incipient pit-and-fissure carious lesions early with air abrasion has not been demonstrated after 12 months in this clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hamilton
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48109, USA.
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Hamilton JC. Microdentistry questions and answers. Dent Today 2001; 20:12; author reply 12. [PMID: 12528200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Polymerization shrinkage is a critical limitation of dental composites and may contribute to postoperative pain, tooth fracture, microleakage, and secondary caries. Polymerization with high-intensity light sources has been related to increased depth of cure and improved mechanical properties. However, high-intensity light initiation has also been associated with greater polymerization shrinkage. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sequentially increasing light intensity on the polymerization shrinkage of 2 composites, a hybrid and a microfil. A Knoop hardness test was used to evaluate effectiveness of the cure with each intensity increase. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four groups of 12 samples were measured for polymerization shrinkage by using a linometer. Light intensity curing sequences were as follows: full-intensity control (100% intensity for 40 seconds), low-intensity control (25% intensity for 40 seconds), test group 1 (25% intensity for 20 seconds, 50% for 10 seconds, 100% for 10 seconds), and test group 2 (25% intensity for 10 seconds, 50% for 10 seconds, 100% for 20 seconds). Statistical comparisons were made using a 1-factor ANOVA and a Tukey multiple comparisons test within each material. RESULTS Results showed a significant difference (P<. 05) in mean linear shrinkage between the full-intensity control group and the other 3 sequences for both composites. No difference existed within the other 3 groups for either composite. Knoop hardness was similar for the full-intensity control and test group 2. The low-intensity control group and test group 1 were also similar but significantly lower. CONCLUSION Curing composites for 10 seconds at 25% intensity, 10 seconds at 50%, and 20 seconds at 100% significantly reduced polymerization shrinkage while not compromising depth of cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Dennison
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1597, USA
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Hamilton JC, Voter AF. Failure of 1D models for Ir island diffusion on Ir(111). Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85:1580. [PMID: 10970559 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- JC Hamilton
- Sandia National LaboratoriesLivermore, California 94550, USA
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Hamilton JC. The ethics of conducting social-science research on the Internet. Chron High Educ 1999; 46:B6-7. [PMID: 14598855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
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Hamilton JC. Posterior Class II composite restorations utilizing a custom occlusal matrix. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 1999; 11:371-4. [PMID: 10379297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J C Hamilton
- Department of Cariology and Restorative Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, USA
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Abstract
Sexual misconduct involving therapists-in-training and their clients is addressed. Personal and situational factors that may constitute risk factors for the development of inappropriate sexual activity between trainees and their clients are identified. Although there may be certain characteristics that put particular students at risk for such involvement, the authors believe this risk is more strongly related to systemic, programmatic, and pedagogic characteristics of the environments in which students train. Examples include, respectively, the decline of concern over transference and countertransference, failure to include education about client-therapist sexual attraction and the consequences of sexual misconduct in graduate psychology curricula, and the reluctance of supervisors to deal straightforwardly with trainees' sexual feelings. Suggestions for reducing risks for client-therapist sexual misconduct are directed toward these situational factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.
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Evers JL, Land JA, Dunselman GA, van der Linden PJ, Hamilton JC. "The Flemish Giant", reflections on the defense against endometriosis, inspired by Professor Emeritus Ivo A. Brosens. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1998; 81:253-8. [PMID: 9989874 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-2115(98)00199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive research benefits from combining animal and clinical studies. In Leuven, rabbits have constituted an animal model for many reproductive disorders, especially for those that involved surgical treatment. Much of what has been learned from animal experiments has been applied to human clinical reproductive research soon after. In this manuscript we wish to address the problem of the constant intra-abdominal battle between the menstrual aggressor and the peritoneal defense. From all published evidence we may conclude that endometriosis appears to be a dynamic disease, especially in the early phase, with subtle, atypical lesions emerging and vanishing again. In the end however the peritoneal defense system will prevail and the disease will be contained in the majority of patients. When doing repeat laparoscopies in young patients one should be prepared to encounter more advanced histological types of lesions, which not necessarily do have to indicate more advanced stages of the disease: the classical, blue and black powderburn spots and blueberry lesions reflect the extinguishing phase of the dynamic endometriotic process, and herald its inactivated histological end-stage. The dynamic phase of the disease may involve a varying interval of each patient's life, and medical suppression of the activity of the implants during this interval may lead one to conclude erroneously that treatment has been effective. If subsequently (after the end of medical suppression of the activity of the lesions) ovarian activity resumes and the lesions are stimulated again by ovarian steroids, their productive activity returns. Recurrence of disease may be diagnosed if at that stage a laparoscopy would be performed, whereas in reality only reactivation of temporarily obscured lesions did occur. The suppressed, dormant (but never absent) lesions produce mucus again, desquamation occurs, and reaction by the surrounding tissue. The inflammatory response, the local hyperemia and the neogenesis of vessels accentuate the presence of previously invisible endometriosis lesions and make them visible again. Endometriosis resumes its temporarily halted natural course of development, tissue remodeling occurs again, the battle between the aggressor and the defense resumes and waxing and waning of the several types of lesions, red, white and black, can be found again.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Evers
- Academisch Ziekenhuis Maastricht and The University of Maastricht, Netherlands
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Hamilton JC, Krestik KE, Dennison JB. Evaluation of custom occlusal matrix technique for posterior light-cured composites. Oper Dent 1998; 23:303-7. [PMID: 9855853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Posterior composite restorations are difficult to contour and polish due to their occlusal anatomy and opposing occlusion. Recently a new technique utilizing a clear custom occlusal matrix showed promise in reducing the chair time necessary to place posterior composite restorations. Sixty specially molded plastic mandibular right second molar teeth with a mesio-occlusal composite preparation were restored with a light-cured composite in a typodont, using either the custom occlusal matrix (experimental) or the standard technique (control) as taught at the University of Michigan School of Dentistry. The times necessary to complete the procedures were recorded. The teeth were evaluated in a blind manner by two evaluators using a modified Ryge criteria. The times to place and finish the control and experimental restorations were subjected to a t-test. The evaluations of surface smoothness, margin adaptation, occlusal anatomy, and axial form were compared using a Fisher exact test. The custom occlusal matrix significantly reduced placement and finishing time and improved surface smoothness of mesio-occlusal posterior composite restorations placed in vitro. Due to the time needed to construct the custom occlusal matrix, there was no significant difference in total mean time of the two procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hamilton
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences & Endodontics, Ann Arbor 41809-1078, USA
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Hamilton JC. Restoring Class III caries using a custom matrix. Alpha Omegan 1998; 90:10-6. [PMID: 9555185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hamilton JC. Resin restorations. J Am Dent Assoc 1997; 128:1062, 1064. [PMID: 9260413 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.1997.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Schmid AK, Hamilton JC, Bartelt NC, Hwang RQ. Surface Alloy Formation by Interdiffusion across a Linear Interface. Phys Rev Lett 1996; 77:2977-2980. [PMID: 10062100 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Hwang RQ, Hamilton JC, Stevens JL, Foiles SM. Near-Surface Buckling in Strained Metal Overlayer Systems. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 75:4242-4245. [PMID: 10059855 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.4242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Gemperline PJ, Miller KH, West TL, Weinstein JE, Hamilton JC, Bray JT. Principal component analysis, trace elements, and blue crab shell disease. Anal Chem 1992; 64:523A-532A. [PMID: 1590588 DOI: 10.1021/ac00033a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P J Gemperline
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858
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Abstract
Recently several papers have described the generalized rank annihilation method; however, in some cases complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors may appear when the generalized eigenproblem is solved. When complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors are encountered, the results cannot be used to estimate pure component profiles (e.g. spectra or chromatograms). In this paper, a similarity transformation is used to transform complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors into real eigenvalues and eigenvectors, thereby permitting spectra and profiles of pure constituents to be estimated. The modified GRAM method is illustrated with simulated and real data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858
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Hamilton JC, Yang NYC, Clift WM, Boehme DR, McCarty KF, Franklin JE. Diffusion mechanisms in chemical vapor-deposited iridium coated on chemical vapor-deposited rhenium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02675562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Morris DE, Markelz AG, Wei JY, Hultgren CT, Nickel JH, Hamilton JC, McCarty KF. Site-selective oxygen-isotope substitution in YBa2Cu3O7- delta. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 44:9556-9561. [PMID: 9998941 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.9556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Anderson RJ, Hamilton JC. Azimuthally resolved optical second-harmonic generation from hydrogen on nickel (111). Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1988; 38:8451-8454. [PMID: 9945605 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.38.8451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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McCarty KF, Hamilton JC, Shelton RN, Ginley DS. High-temperature Raman measurements of single-crystal YBa2Cu. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1988; 38:2914-2917. [PMID: 9946624 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.38.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Moffa JP, Jenkins WA, Ellison JA, Hamilton JC. A clinical evaluation of two base metal alloys and a gold alloy for use in fixed prosthodontics: a five-year study. J Prosthet Dent 1984; 52:491-500. [PMID: 6389832 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3913(84)90331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Hamilton JC, Moffa JP, Ellison JA, Jenkins WA. Marginal fracture not a predictor of longevity for two dental amalgam alloys: a ten-year study. J Prosthet Dent 1983; 50:200-2. [PMID: 6578327 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3913(83)90013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Hamilton JC, Swanson N, Waclawski BJ, Celotta RJ. Specular and off‐specular high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy of acetylene and ethylene on tungsten (100). J Chem Phys 1981. [DOI: 10.1063/1.441545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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MacLennan WJ, Hamilton JC, Darmady JM. The effects of season and stage of pregnancy on plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentrations in pregnant women. Postgrad Med J 1980; 56:75-9. [PMID: 7393799 PMCID: PMC2425506 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.56.652.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Plasma 25-OHD levels were measured in the same 26 Caucasian women before pregnancy and during the first, second and third trimesters of their pregnancy. This was done to assess whether pregnancy alters vitamin D status in healthy women. During most times of the year there was no association between the 25-OHD levels and the stage of pregnancy, but between January and March there was a progressive fall in 25-OHD levels with each trimester. When 25-OHD levels were related to hours of possible sunlight exposure a negative association between 25-OHD levels and stage of pregnancy was noted only in subjects with the lowest possible exposure to sunlight. These observations suggest that pregnancy has an effect on vitamin D metabolism, but that in healthy Caucasian women these effects only become manifest where there is a low level of exposure to sunlight.
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Abstract
Plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations and 25-OHD binding capacities were measured in 14 elderly patients and in 14 young controls. Both 25-OHD concentrations and 25-OHD binding capacities were reduced in the elderly. In neither group, however, was there a significant correlation between 25-OHD binding capacities and 25-OHD concentrations. Thus, although 25-OHD binding capacities are reduced in sick old people this does not account for the low 25-OHD concentrations often found in this group.
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Hamilton JC. Quality assurance: an approach. Physiother Can 1979; 31:11-4. [PMID: 10295012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
An approach to quality assurance in the physiotherapy department of the University Hospital in London, Ontario, is presented. The importance of assessing the quality of care is stressed. To reach a level at which quality can be assessed, a system of recording must be developed, complete with guidelines; this recording system can then be audited. A method of recording--the Problem Oriented Method of Recording, or the Problem Oriented Medical Record (POMR)--and a method of auditing are presented and discussed. Prospects for future audits are also discussed. The importance of sharing knowledge with other physiotherapists, by establishing criteria with which critical evaluation of physiotherapeutic treatments can be performed, is pointed out.
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Abstract
Twelve elderly patients in a rehabilitation ward were given a four-week course of ultra-violet irradiation from a Vitalux lamp. They were compared with 12 controls selected from the same ward. Treatment produced a significant elevation in plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) by the end of the second week and concentrations continued to rise over the four-week period. Subject showing the greatest response were those starting with the lowest levels of plasma 25OHD. The findings suggest that ultra-violet irradiation is an effective means of treating vitamin D deficiency in old age and that patients with the greatest degree of deficiency show the greatest response.
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Dubin B, MacLennan WJ, Hamilton JC. Adrenal function and ascorbic acid concentrations in elderly women. Gerontology 1978; 24:473-6. [PMID: 689381 DOI: 10.1159/000212287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracosactrin (Synacthen) tests were performed on 19 elderly women who had leucocyte ascorbic acid (LAA) levels of less than 15 microgram/108 WBC. 9 were then given a daily dose of 200 mg ascorbic acid orally for 2 weeks while the other 10 were left untreated. Following this, tetracosactrin tests were repeated in both groups. All initial plasm cortisol responses to tetracosactrin were within normal limits. Treatment with ascorbic acid produced no changes in these. This suggests that the low LAA levels often found in old people do not result in adrenal insufficiency.
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Nayal AS, MacLennan WJ, Hamilton JC, Rose P, Kong M. 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, diet and sunlight exposure in patients admitted to a geriatric unit. Gerontology 1978; 24:117-22. [PMID: 618770 DOI: 10.1159/000212244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake, sunlight exposure and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels were estimated in 62 patients admitted to a geriatric assessment unit. There was a significant correlation between vitamin D intake and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels but none between sunlight exposure and these. This suggests that in old age dietary deficiency may be a more important cause of metabolic bone disease than limited sunlight exposure.
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