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Yoshino T, Cleary JM, Van Cutsem E, Mayer RJ, Ohtsu A, Shinozaki E, Falcone A, Yamazaki K, Nishina T, Garcia-Carbonero R, Komatsu Y, Baba H, Argilés G, Tsuji A, Sobrero A, Yamaguchi K, Peeters M, Muro K, Zaniboni A, Sugimoto N, Shimada Y, Tsuji Y, Hochster HS, Moriwaki T, Tran B, Esaki T, Hamada C, Tanase T, Benedetti F, Makris L, Yamashita F, Lenz HJ. Neutropenia and survival outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with trifluridine/tipiracil in the RECOURSE and J003 trials. Ann Oncol 2021; 31:88-95. [PMID: 31912801 PMCID: PMC7491979 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The phase II J003 (N = 169) and phase III RECOURSE (N = 800) trials demonstrated a significant improvement in survival with trifluridine (FTD)/tipiracil (TPI) versus placebo in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. This post hoc analysis investigated pharmacokinetic data of FTD/TPI exposure and pharmacodynamic markers, such as chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) and clinical outcomes. Patients and methods: A total of 210 patients from RECOURSE were enrolled in this substudy. A limited sampling approach was used, with three pharmacokinetic samples drawn on day 12 of cycle 1. Patients were categorized as being above or below the median area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) for FTD and TPI. We conducted a post hoc analysis using the entire RECOURSE population to determine the correlations between CIN and clinical outcome. We then carried out a similar analysis on the J003 trial to validate the results. Results: In the RECOURSE subset, patients in the high FTD AUC group had a significantly increased CIN risk. Analyses of the entire population demonstrated that FTD/TPI-treated patients with CIN of any grade in cycles 1 and 2 had significantly longer median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) than patients who did not develop CIN and patients in the placebo group. Patients who required an FTD/TPI treatment delay had increased OS and PFS versus those in the placebo group and those who did not develop CIN. Similar results were obtained in the J003 cohort. Conclusions: In RECOURSE, patients with higher FTD drug exposure had an increased CIN risk. FTD/TPI-treated patients who developed CIN had improved OS and PFS versus those in the placebo group and those who did not develop CIN. Similar findings were reported in the J003 cohort, thus validating the RECOURSE results. The occurrence of CIN may be a useful predictor of treatment outcomes for FTD/TPI-treated patients. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01607957 (RECOURSE). Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center number: JapicCTI-090880 (J003).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
| | - J M Cleary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - E Van Cutsem
- Division of Digestive Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R J Mayer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - A Ohtsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - E Shinozaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Falcone
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - K Yamazaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - T Nishina
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - R Garcia-Carbonero
- Oncology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, IIS imas12, UCM, CNIO, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Komatsu
- Department of Cancer Chemotherapy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - H Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - G Argilés
- University Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Tsuji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kochi Health Sciences Center, Kochi, Japan
| | - A Sobrero
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - K Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - M Peeters
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - K Muro
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - A Zaniboni
- Department of Oncology, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - N Sugimoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Shimada
- Department of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Tsuji
- Department of Medical Oncology, KKR Sapporo Medical Center Tonan Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - H S Hochster
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
| | - T Moriwaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - B Tran
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - T Esaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - C Hamada
- Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Tanase
- Department of Data Science, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - F Benedetti
- Department of Clinical Development, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - L Makris
- Statistical Consultant, Stathmi, Inc., New Hope, USA
| | - F Yamashita
- Department of Bioanalytics and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Taiho Oncology, Inc., Princeton, USA
| | - H-J Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, USA
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Thornton E, Howard SA, Jagannathan J, Krajewski KM, Shinagare AB, O'Regan K, Cleary JM, Ramaiya NH. Imaging features of bowel toxicities in the setting of molecular targeted therapies in cancer patients. Br J Radiol 2012; 85:1420-6. [PMID: 22674709 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/19815818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular targeted therapies are becoming ubiquitous in cancer treatment. These drugs may cause gastrointestinal toxicities including perforation, pneumatosis, enteritis, colitis and fistula formation. Knowledge of these complications and their management enables early radiological identification and appropriate intervention, reducing patient morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Thornton
- Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Ho AL, Bendell JC, Cleary JM, Schwartz GK, Burris HA, Oakes P, Agbo F, Barker PN, Senderowicz AM, Shapiro G. Phase I, open-label, dose-escalation study of AZD7762 in combination with irinotecan (irino) in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.3033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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4
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Messersmith WA, LoRusso P, Cleary JM, Dasari A, Zhang X, Shaik MN, Courtney RD, Randolph S, Shapiro G. A phase I dose-escalation study of the novel gamma secretase inhibitor PF-03084014 in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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5
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Urban T, Sadow CA, Cleary JM, Harris GJ, Van Den Abbeele AD. Impact of RECIST 1.1 modifications on clinical trial eligibility. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e16555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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6
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Cleary JM, Rocha Lima CMS, Hurwitz H, Montero AJ, Shapiro G, Franklin C, Yang J, Graham AM, Busman T, Mabry M, Holen KD, Krivoshik A, Humerickhouse R, Uronis H. Combination study of navitoclax with gemcitabine (G) in patients (pts) with solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.3067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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7
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Gandhi L, Bahleda R, Cleary JM, Hollebecque A, Kwak EL, Pandya S, Tolaney S, Abbas R, Ananthakrishnan R, Berkenblit A, Boni J, Clancy J, Turnbull KW, VoVan M, Shapiro G, Soria J. Two-dimensional phase I study of neratinib (NER) combined with temsirolimus (TEM) in patients (Pts) with solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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8
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Mita MM, Mita AC, Moseley J, Poon J, Small KA, Jou Y, Kirschmeier P, Zhang D, Statkevich P, Sankhala KK, Sarantopoulos J, Cleary JM, Chirieac LR, Rodig S, Bannerji R, Shapiro G. A phase I study of the CDK inhibitor dinaciclib (SCH 727965) administered every 3 weeks in patients (pts) with advanced malignancies: Final results. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.3080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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9
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Cho DC, Heath EI, Cleary JM, Kwak EL, Gandhi L, Lawrence DP, Zack C, Teofilovici F, Bradley R, Karol MD, Shapiro G, LoRusso P. A phase I dose-escalation study of the Hsp90 inhibitor ganetespib (STA-9090) administered twice weekly in patients with solid tumors: Updated report. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.3051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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10
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Ghamande SA, Lin C, Cho DC, Coleman TA, Chaudhary I, Cleary JM, Silverman MH, Kuo M, Mach W, Tseng Y, Hsu SC, Goel S. A phase I study of the novel DNA topoisomerase-1 inhibitor, TLC388, administered intravenously to patients with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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11
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Shapiro G, LoRusso P, Kwak EL, Cleary JM, Musib L, Jones C, de Crespigny A, Belvin M, McKenzie M, Gates MR, Chan IT, Bendell JC. Clinical combination of the MEK inhibitor GDC-0973 and the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941: A first-in-human phase Ib study testing daily and intermittent dosing schedules in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.3005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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12
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Kauh JS, Shapiro G, Cohen RB, Clark JW, Harvey RD, Cleary JM, Mahalingam D, Kuan S, McDonald A, Berger A, Dezube B, Sarantopoulos J. MLN4924, an investigational NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor, in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors: Phase I study of multiple treatment schedules. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.3013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Jones SF, Shapiro G, Bendell JC, Chen EX, Bedard P, Cleary JM, Pandya S, Pierce KJ, Houk B, Hosea N, Zandi KS, Roberts WG, Shreeve SM, Siu LL. Phase I study of PF-04554878, a second-generation focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.3002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Cleary JM, Heath EI, Kwak EL, Dezube BJ, Gandhi L, Zack C, Bradley R, Vukovic VM, Shapiro G, LoRusso P. A phase I dose-escalation study of the Hsp90 inhibitor STA-9090 administered twice weekly in patients with solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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15
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Clancy MS, Cleary JM, Mani S, Choy E, Wolf M, Silverman MH, Gad SC, Parkman MH, Shapiro G, Dezube BJ. Novel tubulin inhibitor ALB 109564(a) in patients with solid tumors: A phase I trial. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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16
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Shapiro G, Kwak EL, Dezube BJ, Lawrence DP, Cleary JM, Lewis S, Squires M, Lock V, Lyons JF, Yule M. Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor AT13387 in patients with refractory solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.3069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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17
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Mou K, Hunsberger CL, Cleary JM, Davis RL. Synergistic effects of BDNF and NT-3 on postnatal spiral ganglion neurons. J Comp Neurol 1997; 386:529-39. [PMID: 9378849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophins have profound effects on the development and maintenance of neurons that compose the VIIIth cranial nerve. In the auditory division of the nerve, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) have been localized to the sensory epithelium, and their respective high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptors (TrkB and TrkC) are expressed within the neuronal population. By using a culture methodology that allows evaluation of single neurons, we determined that BDNF and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), which both bind to the TrkB high-affinity receptor, greatly enhanced neuron survival above control cultures. NT-3, which acts via the TrkC high-affinity receptor, also increased survival, but to a lesser extent. By testing a variety of neurotrophin concentrations and combinations, we observed that simultaneous activation of the TrkB and TrkC receptors synergistically promoted neuron survival compared to cultures that contained either neurotrophin alone at the same total concentration. Antibody labeling showed that the high-affinity Trk receptors were localized predominantly to the neurons and not to the surrounding satellite cells; furthermore, TrkB- and TrkC-specific antibodies each labeled 100% of the cultured neurons. These results suggest that synergistic interactions between BDNF and NT-3 may be crucial for spiral ganglion neuron survival during the final stages of development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/pharmacology
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Synergism
- Gerbillinae
- In Vitro Techniques
- Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology
- Neurofilament Proteins/analysis
- Neurofilament Proteins/immunology
- Neurons, Afferent/chemistry
- Neurons, Afferent/cytology
- Neurons, Afferent/drug effects
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Neurotrophin 3
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/analysis
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/immunology
- Receptor, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor
- Receptor, trkC
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/analysis
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/immunology
- Spiral Ganglion/cytology
- Spiral Ganglion/growth & development
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855-1059, USA
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Vartak NB, Lin CC, Cleary JM, Fagan MJ, Saier MH. Glucose metabolism in 'Sphingomonas elodea': pathway engineering via construction of a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase insertion mutant. Microbiology (Reading) 1995; 141 ( Pt 9):2339-50. [PMID: 7496544 DOI: 10.1099/13500872-141-9-2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
'Sphingomonas (formerly Pseudomonas) elodea' produces the industrially important polysaccharide gellan when grown in media containing glucose. Glucose catabolic enzymes and enzymes of central carbon metabolism were assayed in crude extracts of glucose-grown cultures of this bacterium. Based on these analyses it was concluded that glucose is converted to either gluconate or glucose 6-phosphate and that both of these products are converted to 6-phosphogluconate, a precursor for the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) and pentose phosphate pathways. Phosphoglucoisomerase (Pgi) activity was detected, but the lack of phosphofructokinase activity indicated that the Embden-Meyerhof glycolytic pathway is non-functional for glucose degradation. Thus, this bacterium utilizes glucose mainly via the ED and pentose phosphate pathways. Enzyme analyses suggested the involvement of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Zwf) in glucose utilization and CO2 production. The zwf gene was cloned from 'S. elodea' and partially sequenced, and a null zwf mutant was constructed. This mutant exhibited no Zwf activity in in vitro assays, grew normally on glucose minimal medium and accumulated biomass (cells plus gellan) and produced CO2 at the same rates as the parental strain. Potential explanations for this finding are provided. Clones carrying the pgi gene were isolated fortuitously.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Vartak
- Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0116, USA
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Hirano M, Cleary JM, Stewart AM, Lincoff NS, Odel JG, Santiesteban R, Santiago Luis R. Mitochondrial DNA mutations in an outbreak of optic neuropathy in Cuba. Neurology 1994; 44:843-5. [PMID: 8190285 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.44.5.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since October 1991, nearly 51,000 Cubans have been afflicted in an outbreak of optic and peripheral neuropathies. To begin an investigation of the possible role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in the outbreak, we studied mtDNA from 14 affected and two unaffected Cubans for the 12 mutations associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Eleven probands (12 patients) had optic neuropathy and two had peripheral neuropathy only. We also studied two unaffected relatives of one proband. We identified two mtDNA mutations, at nucleotides 11778 and 3460, in two of the 11 probands with optic neuropathy. Although this data set is too small to reach statistically valid conclusions, it does suggest that mtDNA mutations might be contributing to the outbreak of optic neuropathy in Cuba.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hirano
- H. Houston Merritt Clinical Research Center for Muscular Dystrophy and Related Disorders, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
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Abstract
Genes required for xanthan polysaccharide synthesis (xps) are clustered in a DNA region of 13.5 kb in the chromosome of Xanthomonas campestris. Plasmid pCHC3 containing a 12.4-kb insert of xps genes has been suggested to include a gene involved in the pyruvylation of xanthan gum (N.E. Harding, J.M. Cleary, D.K. Cabañas, I. G. Rosen, and K. S. Kang, J. Bacteriol. 169:2854-2861, 1987). An essential step toward understanding the biosynthesis of xanthan gum and to enable genetic manipulation of xanthan structure is the determination of the biochemical function encoded by the xps genes. On the basis of biochemical characterization of an X. campestris mutant which produces pyruvate-free xanthan gum, complementation studies, and heterologous expression, we have identified the gene coding for the ketal pyruvate transferase (kpt) enzyme. This gene was located on a 1.4-kb BamHI fragment of pCHC3 and cloned in the broad-host-range cloning vector pRK404. An X. campestris kpt mutant was constructed by mini-Mu(Tetr) mutagenesis of the cloned gene and then by recombination of the mutation into the chromosome of the wild-type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Marzocca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas Fundación Campomar, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Although new health care technologies and procedures can improve the quality of patient care, payers may be reluctant to pay for them, clinicians must be carefully trained to use them effectively, and primary care physicians must keep track of a vast number of developments to make appropriate referrals. This article illustrates the challenges presented by new technology by discussing the cost-quality-access issues raised by technology developed to diagnose and treat cardiac arrhythmias.
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Harding NE, Cleary JM, Cabañas DK, Rosen IG, Kang KS. Genetic and physical analyses of a cluster of genes essential for xanthan gum biosynthesis in Xanthomonas campestris. J Bacteriol 1987; 169:2854-61. [PMID: 3034868 PMCID: PMC212199 DOI: 10.1128/jb.169.6.2854-2861.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris produces copious amounts of a complex exopolysaccharide, xanthan gum. Nonmucoid mutants, defective in synthesis of xanthan polysaccharide, were isolated after nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. To isolate genes essential for xanthan polysaccharide synthesis (xps), a genomic library of X. campestris DNA, partially digested with SalI and ligated into the broad-host-range cloning vector pRK293, was constructed in Escherichia coli. The pooled clone bank was conjugated en masse from E. coli into three nonmucoid mutants by using pRK2013, which provides plasmid transfer functions. Kanamycin-resistant exconjugants were then screened for the ability to form mucoid colonies. Analysis of plasmids from several mucoid exconjugants indicated that overlapping segments of DNA had been cloned. These plasmids were tested for complementation of eight additional nonmucoid mutants. A 22-kilobase (kb) region of DNA was defined physically by restriction enzyme analysis and genetically by ability to restore mucoid phenotype to 10 of the 11 nonmucoid mutants tested. This region was further defined by subcloning and by transposon mutagenesis with mini-Mu(Tetr), with subsequent analysis of genetic complementation of nonmucoid mutants. A region of 13.5 kb of DNA was determined to contain at least five complementation groups. The effect of plasmids containing cloned xps genes on xanthan gum synthesis was evaluated. One plasmid, pCHC3, containing a 12.4-kb insert and at least four linked xanthan biosynthetic genes, increased the production of xanthan gum by 10% and increased the extent of pyruvylation of the xanthan side chains by about 45%. This indicates that a gene affecting pyruvylation of xanthan gum is linked to this cluster of xps genes.
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Zyskind JW, Cleary JM, Brusilow WS, Harding NE, Smith DW. Chromosomal replication origin from the marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi functions in Escherichia coli: oriC consensus sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1983; 80:1164-8. [PMID: 6338499 PMCID: PMC393554 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.5.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromosomal replication origin (oriC) of Vibrio harveyi has been isolated on a plasmid and shown to function as an origin in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of the V. harveyi oriC was determined. From a comparison of this sequence with oriC sequences of five enteric bacteria, we derived a consensus sequence of bacterial origins that function in E. coli. This consensus sequence identifies 122 positions within oriC where nucleotide substitutions can occur without loss of origin function. These positions are clustered rather than scattered. Four interrelated nine-base-pair repeats and eight of the dam methylation G-A-T-C sites are conserved in the consensus sequence. Very few relative insertion-deletion changes occur, and these are localized to one region of oriC. The genes for three polypeptides linked to the V. harveyi oriC were identified by using in vitro protein synthesis directed by deletion derivative plasmid templates. One of these genes, coding for a 58,000 Mr polypeptide and located 3.0 kilobase pairs from the V. harveyi oriC region, is lethal to E. coli when many copies (approximately 40 per cell) are present (high copy lethal or HCL gene). In addition, nucleotide sequence analysis showed that a different gene, the gid gene to the left of oriC, is highly conserved between E. coli and V. harveyi, whereas the coding region to the right of oriC is much less conserved.
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Harding NE, Cleary JM, Smith DW, Michon JJ, Brusilow WS, Zyskind JW. Chromosomal replication origins (oriC) of Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae are functional in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1982; 152:983-93. [PMID: 6292170 PMCID: PMC221601 DOI: 10.1128/jb.152.3.983-993.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromosomal DNA replication origins (oriC) from two members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae, have been isolated as functional replication origins in Escherichia coli. The origins in the SalI restriction fragments of 17.5 and 10.2 kilobase pairs, cloned from E. aerogenes and K. pneumoniae, respectively, were found to be between the asnA and uncB genes, as are the origins of the E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium chromosomes. Plasmids containing oriC from E aerogenes, K. pneumoniae, and S. typhimurium replicate in the E. coli cell-free enzyme system (Fuller, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:7370--7374, 1981), and this replication is dependent on dnaA protein activity. These SalI fragments from E. aerogenes and K. pneumoniae carry a region which is lethal to E. coli when many copies are present. We show that this region is also carried on the E. coli 9.0-kilobase-pair EcoRI restriction fragment containing oriC. The F0 genes of the atp or unc operon, when linked to the unc operon promoter, are apparently responsible for the lethality.
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Cleary JM, Smith DW, Harding NE, Zyskind JW. Primary structure of the chromosomal origins (oriC) of Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae: comparisons and evolutionary relationships. J Bacteriol 1982; 150:1467-71. [PMID: 7042695 PMCID: PMC216374 DOI: 10.1128/jb.150.3.1467-1471.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide sequences of the Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae DNA replication origins (oriC) were determined and compared with those of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Four interrelated, 9-base-pair repeats were identified from the conserved regions within the minimal origin. Evolutionary rates calculated from the minimal origin sequences yielded a quantitative phylogenic tree which agreed with the taxonomic classification of these genera.
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Abstract
A cloned 270-nucleotide fragment from the origin region of the M13 duplex replicative form DNA confers an M13-dependent replication mechanism upon the plasmid vector pBR322. This M13 insert permits M13 helper-dependent replication of the hybrid plasmid in polA cells which are unable to replicate the pBR322 replicon alone. Using in vitro techniques, we have constructed several plasmids containing deletions in the M13 DNa insert. The endpoints of these deletions have been determined by DNA sequence analysis and correlated with the transformation and replication properties of each plasmid. Characterization of these deletion plasmids allows the following conclusions. (i) The initiation site for M13 viral strand replication is required for helper-dependent propagation of the chimeric plasmid. (ii) A DNA sequence in the M13 insert, localized between 89 and 129 nucleotides from the viral strand initiation site, is necessary for efficient transformation of polA cells. A chimeric plasmid containing the viral strand initiation site, but lacking this additional 40 nucleotide M13 sequence, transforms helper-infected cells at a frequency approximately 10(4)-fold less than that of plasmids containing this additional DNA segment. (iii) The entire M13 complementary strand origin can be deleted without affecting M13-dependent transformation by the hybrid plasmids. We propose a model in which replication of one strand of duplex chimera initiates by nicking at the gene II protein nicking site in the viral strand of the M13 insert, followed by asymmetric single-strand synthesis. Initiation of the complementary strand possibly occurs within plasmid sequences.
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Cleary JM, Ray DS. Replication of the plasmid pBR322 under the control of a cloned replication origin from the single-stranded DNA phage M13. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1980; 77:4638-42. [PMID: 6933512 PMCID: PMC349900 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.77.8.4638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The replication origins of viral and complementary strands of bacteriophage M13 DNA are contained within a 507-nucleotide intergenic region of the viral genome. Chimeric plasmids have been constructed by inserting restriction endonuclease fragments of the M13 intergenic region into the plasmid pBR322. Replication of these hybrid plasmids, under conditions not permissive for the plasmid replicon, depends on specific segments of the M13 origin region and on the presence of M13 helper virus. Thus M13-infected polA- Escherichia coli can be transformed to ampicillin resistance by hybrid plasmids that have a functional M13 origin. Cells transformed to drug resistance by plasmids bearing M13 origin sequences contain the duplex chimeric DNA at high copy number but do not accumulate significant amounts of single-stranded plasmid DNA. Rare transducing phages carrying single-stranded chimeric DNA are produced and can be detected by their ability to transduce cells to ampicillin resistance. Plasmids containing a 270-nucleotide fragment from the gene II-proximal half of the intergenic region produce transformants at high frequency under nonpermissive conditions. A central Hae III fragment, Hae III-G, containing the nucleotide sequence coding for the RNA primer for the complementary strand and the nicking site for gene II protein, is sufficient for plasmid replication in M13-infected polA- cells but not for high frequency transformation. Additional sequence information on the gene II side of the Hae III-G fragment is necessary for efficient transformation by the plasmid DNA.
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