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Yao B, Kuznetsov VL, Xiao T, Jie X, Gonzalez-Cortes S, Dilworth JR, Al-Megren HA, Alshihri SM, Edwards PP. Fuels, power and chemical periodicity. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 378:20190308. [PMID: 32811361 PMCID: PMC7435144 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The insatiable-and ever-growing-demand of both the developed and the developing countries for power continues to be met largely by the carbonaceous fuels comprising coal, and the hydrocarbons natural gas and liquid petroleum. We review the properties of the chemical elements, overlaid with trends in the periodic table, which can help explain the historical-and present-dominance of hydrocarbons as fuels for power generation. However, the continued use of hydrocarbons as fuel/power sources to meet our economic and social needs is now recognized as a major driver of dangerous global environmental changes, including climate change, acid deposition, urban smog and the release of many toxic materials. This has resulted in an unprecedented interest in and focus on alternative, renewable or sustainable energy sources. A major area of interest to emerge is in hydrogen energy as a sustainable vector for our future energy needs. In that vision, the issue of hydrogen storage is now a key challenge in support of hydrogen-fuelled transportation using fuel cells. The chemistry of hydrogen is itself beautifully diverse through a variety of different types of chemical interactions and bonds forming compounds with most other elements in the periodic table. In terms of their hydrogen storage and production properties, we outline various relationships among hydride compounds and materials of the chemical elements to provide some qualitative and quantitative insights. These encompass thermodynamic and polarizing strength properties to provide such background information. We provide an overview of the fundamental nature of hydrides particularly in relation to the key operating parameters of hydrogen gravimetric storage density and the desorption/operating temperature at which the requisite amount of hydrogen is released for use in the fuel cell. While we await the global transition to a completely renewable and sustainable future, it is also necessary to seek CO2 mitigation technologies applied to the use of fossil fuels. We review recent advances in the strategy of using hydrocarbon fossil fuels themselves as compounds for the high capacity storage and production of hydrogen without any CO2 emissions. Based on these advances, the world may end up with a hydrogen economy completely different from the one it had expected to develop; remarkably, with 'Green hydrogen' being derived directly from the hydrogen-stripping of fossil fuels. This article is part of the theme issue 'Mendeleev and the periodic table'.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Yao
- KACST-Oxford Centre of Excellence in Petrochemicals, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - V. L. Kuznetsov
- KACST-Oxford Centre of Excellence in Petrochemicals, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - T. Xiao
- KACST-Oxford Centre of Excellence in Petrochemicals, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - X. Jie
- KACST-Oxford Centre of Excellence in Petrochemicals, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - S. Gonzalez-Cortes
- KACST-Oxford Centre of Excellence in Petrochemicals, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - J. R. Dilworth
- KACST-Oxford Centre of Excellence in Petrochemicals, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - H. A. Al-Megren
- Materials Division, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - S. M. Alshihri
- Materials Division, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - P. P. Edwards
- KACST-Oxford Centre of Excellence in Petrochemicals, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
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Aboagye EO, Aigbirhio FI, Allen P, Arent R, Arrowsmith RL, Banci G, Bagley MC, Bailey CD, Blake T, Bunt AJ, Bushby N, Carroll L, Cons BD, Cortezon F, Dilworth JR, Dorff PN, Eggleston IM, Ellames G, Elmore CS, Ernst G, Estrela P, Faithfull J, Ge H, Geach NJ, Hall J, Harding J, Harwood LM, Hickey MJ, Heys JR, Hogg C, Hudson MJ, James T, Kerr WJ, Killick D, Kingston LP, Kociok-Köhn G, Landvatter S, Lewis F, Lockley WJS, Marken F, Mudd RJ, Pascu SI, Pheko T, Powell ME, Reid M, Riss PJ, Ruhl T, Rustidge DC, Schenk DJ, Schofield C, Schweiger L, Sharma P, Smith D, Tuttle CTT, Testa A, Tyson JA, Tyrrell RM, Urbanek R, Wilkinson DJ, Willis CL, Zanda M. Abstracts of the 22nd International Isotope Society (UK Group) Symposium: synthesis and applications of labelled compounds 2013. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. O. Aboagye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - F. I. Aigbirhio
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - P. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - R. Arent
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - R. L. Arrowsmith
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - G. Banci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - M. C. Bagley
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - C. D. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - T. Blake
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - A. J. Bunt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - N. Bushby
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - L. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - B. D. Cons
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - F. Cortezon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - J. R. Dilworth
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - P. N. Dorff
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - I. M. Eggleston
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - G. Ellames
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - C. S. Elmore
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - G. Ernst
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - P. Estrela
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - J. Faithfull
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - H. Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - N. J. Geach
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - J. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - J. Harding
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - L. M. Harwood
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - M. J. Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - J. R. Heys
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - C. Hogg
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - M. J. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - T. James
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - W. J. Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - D. Killick
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - L. P. Kingston
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - G. Kociok-Köhn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - S. Landvatter
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - F. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - W. J. S. Lockley
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - F. Marken
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - R. J. Mudd
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - S. I. Pascu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - T. Pheko
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - M. E. Powell
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - M Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - P. J. Riss
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - T. Ruhl
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - D. C. Rustidge
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - D. J. Schenk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - C. Schofield
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - L. Schweiger
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - P. Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - C. T. T. Tuttle
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - A. Testa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - J. A. Tyson
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - R. M. Tyrrell
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - R. Urbanek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - D. J. Wilkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - C. L. Willis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - M. Zanda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
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Aigbirhio FI, Allen J, Arrowsmith RL, Athlan A, Badman GT, Bayly SR, Bedford R, Botting NP, Bragg RA, Brasseur D, Bushby N, Cable KM, Chan F, Christlieb M, Churchill GC, Collison D, Denoux M, Dilworth JR, Farrar G, Gotfredsen CH, Greaney MF, Harding JR, Harris P, Harwood SJ, Heglund IF, Hendry D, Hosseini M, Johnston JS, Jones S, Jordan A, Killick DA, Kitson SL, Kowalczyk RM, Lawrie KWM, Lockley WJS, Madge D, Manning C, Marshall LJ, McNeill AH, Newman JJ, Pascu SI, Roy S, Schofield J, Shanmugham MS, Shipley NJ, Simmonds AJ, Smith D, Smith SL, Steward OR, Tanner D, Travers JG, Tyrrell RM, Vital P, Waghorn PA, Warrington B, Watters W, Willcocks K, Williams GD, Young CG, Zhong J. Abstracts of the 18th international isotope society (UK group) symposium: synthesis & applications of labelled compounds 2009. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lovett JE, Bowen AM, Timmel CR, Jones MW, Dilworth JR, Caprotti D, Bell SG, Wong LL, Harmer J. Structural information from orientationally selective DEER spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:6840-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b907010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Barnard PJ, Bayly SR, Holland JP, Dilworth JR, Waghorn PA. In vitro assays for assessing the potential for copper complexes to function as radiopharmaceutical agents. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008; 52:235-244. [PMID: 18551094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of chemical in vitro assays are described to provide a rapid initial assessment of the in vivo stability and biological behaviour of potential new copper(II) based radiopharmaceutical agents. Chemical challenges using an excess of cysteine, glutathione (GSH) and histidine, which are models of S- and N-donor molecules found in vivo, are used to provide a measure of the potential for loss of the copper(II) ion from the radiopharmaceutical as a result of ligand dissociation. In addition, thiol containing molecules such as cysteine and GSH provide a redox challenge, whereby the copper(II) complex may be reduced to give a copper(I) species. The stability of the copper(I) species toward oxidation, protonation, and ligand dissociation may be crucial in determining the biodistribution, the biological half-life and excretion mechanisms of a potential radiopharmaceutical. Further evaluation of the redox stability is assessed using the ubiquitous biological reductant ascorbic acid. The relative stability of a complex with respect to ligand dissociation in human serum provides one of the most important experiments assessing the potential of a complex to be used in vivo. Further challenge experiments with serum proteins such as thioredoxin and serum albumin can be used to provide more detailed information on the probable fate of the complex in serum. Evaluation of complex stability and speciation over a range of pH values may also be used to obtain information on potential biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Barnard
- Siemens Oxford Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Dilworth JR, Griffiths DV, Hughes JM, Morton S. SYNTHESIS OF 2-S-(2-TETRAHYDROPYRANYL)THIOETHYLPHOSPHINES RADICAL ADDITION OF PHOSPHINES TO AND 2-MERCAPTOETHYLPHOSPHINES BY FREE 2-(VINYLTHIO)TETRAHYDROPYRAN. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509208034518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. R. Dilworth
- a Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , University of Essex , Colchester , CO4 3SQ , England
| | - D. V. Griffiths
- a Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , University of Essex , Colchester , CO4 3SQ , England
| | - J. M. Hughes
- a Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , University of Essex , Colchester , CO4 3SQ , England
| | - S. Morton
- a Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , University of Essex , Colchester , CO4 3SQ , England
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Dahlstrom PL, Dilworth JR, Shulman P, Zubieta J. Investigations of the coordination chemistry of molybdenum with facultative tetradentate ligands possessing N2S2 donor sets. 5. Crystal and molecular structure of the hydrazido(2-) and diazenido derivatives [MoO(N2Ph2)L] and [Mo(N2C6H4OCH3)2L]. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00133a015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Blower PJ, Dilworth JR, Zubieta J. A convenient one-step synthesis of thiolato-complexes with molybdenum-molybdenum triple bonds. The x-ray crystal structure of [Mo2(SC6H2-iso-Pr3)6]. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00212a037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dilworth JR, Harrison SA, Walton DRM, Schweda E. Preparation and protonation of [ReBr(N2Ph)2(PPh3)2]. Structure of [ReBr2(NNPh)(NNHPh)(PPh3)2], a complex with a hydrazido(2-) ligand with a large angular distortion. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00211a003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dilworth JR, Zubieta J, Hyde JR. Preparation and crystal structure of [Mo3S8(NNMe2)2]2- a trinuclear sulfido-bridged molybdenum anion with coordinated isodiazene ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00365a099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bishop MW, Chatt J, Dilworth JR, Hyde JR, Kim S, Venkatasubramanian K, Zubieta J. Synthesis, structure, and properties of asymmetric benzoyldiazenido and thiobenzoyldiazenido complexes of molybdenum. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic50188a046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Blower PJ, Dilworth JR, Maurer RI, Mullen GD, Reynolds CA, Zheng Y. Towards new transition metal-based hypoxic selective agents for therapy and imaging. J Inorg Biochem 2001; 85:15-22. [PMID: 11377691 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(00)00228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The greater lability of Co(II) relative to Co(III) can potentially be used to achieve selective delivery of nitrogen mustard type molecules to hypoxic cells. Attempts to improve the stability of the Co(II) state by utilising tripodal tetradentate ligands are described, together with the results of DF calculations. Rhenium has two beta-emitting isotopes (186)Re and (188)Re that have potential for use to treat cancer if the complexes can be targeted with sufficient specificity. We describe some new rapid low temperature routes using hydrazines to labile Re(V) and Re(III) species which provide potential convenient access to a wide range of oxo- and diazenido-complexes. The synthesis of new Re(V) and Re(III) thiosemicarbazone complexes is presented in the context of obtaining hypoxic selective species. Copper(II) bis(thiosemicarbazone) complexes are known to be hypoxic selective and spectroscopic, cyclic voltammetric and computational studies of the mechanism are presented, together with the synthesis of new Cu(II) complexes directed towards the hypoxic selective delivery of nitrogen mustard type molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Blower
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kent and Canterbury Hospital, Ethelbert Road, Canterbury CT1 3NG, UK
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Ortner K, Hilditch L, Zheng Y, Dilworth JR, Abram U. Gold complexes with potentially tri- and tetradentate phosphinothiolate ligands. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:2801-6. [PMID: 11232816 DOI: 10.1021/ic000015y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of [Au(PPh3)Cl], (Bu4N)[AuCl4] and the organometallic gold complex [Au(damp-C1,N)Cl2] (damp- = 2-(N,N-dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl) with the potentially tri- and tetradentate proligands PhP(C6H3-SH-2-R-3)2 (H2L1a, R = SiMe3; H2L1b, R = H) and P(C6H4-SH-2)3 (H3L2) result in the formation of mono- or dinuclear gold complexes depending on the precursor used. Monomeric complexes of the type [AuL1Cl] are formed upon the reaction with [Au(damp-C1,N)Cl2], but small amounts of dinuclear [AuL1]2 complexes with gold in two different oxidation states, +1 and +3, have been isolated as side-products. The dinuclear compounds are obtained in better yields from [AuCl4]-. A dinuclear complex having two Au(III) centers can be isolated from the reaction of [Au(PPh3)Cl] with H3L2, whereas from the reaction with H2L1b the mononuclear [Au(Ph3P)HL1b] is obtained, which contains a three-coordinate gold atom. Comparatively short gold-gold distances have been found in the dinuclear complexes (2.978(2) and 3.434(1) A). They are indicative of weak gold-gold interactions, which is unusual for gold(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ortner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Griffiths DV, Parrott SJ, Togrou M, Dilworth JR, Zheng Y, Ritter S, Abram U. Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the Novel Tetrameric Nitrido Complexes [{cyclo-ReN}4(S2CNEt2)6(MeOH)2(PPh3)2][BPh4]2 · CH2Cl2 · 2 H2O and [{cyclo-ReN}4(S2CNEt2)4Cl4(PMe2Ph)4] · 2 acetone. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3749(199809)624:9<1409::aid-zaac1409>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Uptake of radiopharmaceuticals by tumour cells may provide useful information on the biochemical characteristics of the cell, such as its drug resistance status. We have prepared a series of 99Tcm-nitrido dithiocarbamate complexes of the type [99TcmN(dtc)2] (dtc = N-R1-N-R2-dithiocarbamato, R1, R2 = Me, Me; Et, Et; Et, n-Bu; Me, CH2CH2NMe2; Me, CH2CH2NMe3+; Me, CH2COOMe), and investigated the kinetics of uptake of these complexes in several tumour cell lines. The 99Tcm-nitrido dithiocarbamate complexes were prepared by stannous reduction of [99Tcm]pertechnetate in a solution of DPTA and succinic dihydrazide followed by addition of the appropriate dithiocarbamate. The complexes were analysed by reverse-phase HPLC. The complexes were incubated with the human tumour cell lines MKN-45, H-69, H-348 and MCF-7 and with normal mixed leukocytes and erythrocytes, and the uptake and washout of the various complexes were determined at various time points. Uptake was rapid, high in some cell lines and lower in others. In general, the more lipophilic complexes showed high uptake, but the most lipophilic did not show the greatest uptake. Uptake was temperature-independent. Most of the bound activity was retained by the cells after removal of unbound tracer. The mechanism of uptake is different to that of 99Tcm-MIBI. The high and stable uptake of these complexes suggests that they may have application for in vivo tumour imaging and characterization, and further studies are required to establish their mechanisms of uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Stalteri
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Department of Nuclear Medicine, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK
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Stalteri MA, Parrott SJ, Dilworth JR, Mather SJ. OP-2. Cell uptake of 99Tcm-nitrido dithiocarbamate complexes. Nucl Med Commun 1997. [DOI: 10.1097/00006231-199705000-00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abram U, Schulz Lang E, Dilworth JR. [Bis(thiodiphenylphosphino-S)amido]chlorobis(dimethylphenylphosphine-P)nitridorhenium(V). Acta Crystallogr C 1997. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270196013790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Dilworth JR, H�bener R, Abram U. Synthesis and Characterization of Bis(tetrabutylammonium) bis(isotrithionedithiolato-S,S?)nitridotechnetate(V), (Bu4N)2[TcN(dmit)2]. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.199762301138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ritter S, Abram U, Dilworth JR. Gemischtligandkomplexe des Technetiums. XVI. Darstellung und Struktur von (1,2-Dicyanoethen-1,2-dithiolato)bis(dimethylphenylphosphan)nitridotechnetium (V), [TcN(Me2PhP)2(mnt)]. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19966221127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abram U, Abram S, Dilworth JR. trans-Dichloro(O,O'-diethyldithiophosphato-S,S')bis(dimethylphenylphosphine)technetium(III). Acta Crystallogr C 1995. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270195005063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Dilworth JR, Archer CM, Latham IA, Kelly JD, Griffiths DV, York DC, Mahoney PM, Higley B. Lipophilic 99mTc-nitride radiopharmaceuticals as potential myocardial imaging agents. Int J Rad Appl Instrum B 1991; 18:547-50. [PMID: 1917524 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2897(91)90116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Monocationic 99mTc-nitrido complexes of a variety of diphosphine ligands have been prepared and the in vivo distribution of such cations has been examined in Sprague-Dawley rats. These complexes show initially high myocardial uptake with subsequent wash-out in this animal model. The lack of myocardial retention can be attributed to the facile in vivo reduction of these cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Dilworth
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, England
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Dilworth JR, Latham IA, Leigh GJ, Huttner G, Jibril I. Side-on dihapto-bonding of hydrazide(1–) and diazenide(1–) to titanium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1039/c39830001368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Burt RJ, Dilworth JR, Leigh GJ, Zubieta JA. A convenient route to complexes of the type [MoO(SR)4]–(R = aryl) and [MoO{S(CH2)nS}2]–(n= 2 or 3) preparation and crystal structure of [PPh4][Mo(NNMe2)O(SC6H5)3]·(C2H5)2O. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1039/dt9820002295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chatt J, Dilworth JR, Leigh GJ, Gupta VD. Some benzoylazo-complexes of rhenium halides with tertiary phosphines, and related compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1039/j19710002631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chatt J, Dilworth JR, Gunz HP, Leigh GJ, Sanders JR. The interaction of dinitrogen complexes of rhenium and osmium with metal salts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1970. [DOI: 10.1039/c29700000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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