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Gonzalez FM, Fries EM, Cude-Woods C, Bailey T, Blatnik M, Broussard LJ, Callahan NB, Choi JH, Clayton SM, Currie SA, Dawid M, Dees EB, Filippone BW, Fox W, Geltenbort P, George E, Hayen L, Hickerson KP, Hoffbauer MA, Hoffman K, Holley AT, Ito TM, Komives A, Liu CY, Makela M, Morris CL, Musedinovic R, O'Shaughnessy C, Pattie RW, Ramsey J, Salvat DJ, Saunders A, Sharapov EI, Slutsky S, Su V, Sun X, Swank C, Tang Z, Uhrich W, Vanderwerp J, Walstrom P, Wang Z, Wei W, Young AR. Improved Neutron Lifetime Measurement with UCNτ. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:162501. [PMID: 34723594 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.162501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report an improved measurement of the free neutron lifetime τ_{n} using the UCNτ apparatus at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. We count a total of approximately 38×10^{6} surviving ultracold neutrons (UCNs) after storing in UCNτ's magnetogravitational trap over two data acquisition campaigns in 2017 and 2018. We extract τ_{n} from three blinded, independent analyses by both pairing long and short storage time runs to find a set of replicate τ_{n} measurements and by performing a global likelihood fit to all data while self-consistently incorporating the β-decay lifetime. Both techniques achieve consistent results and find a value τ_{n}=877.75±0.28_{stat}+0.22/-0.16_{syst} s. With this sensitivity, neutron lifetime experiments now directly address the impact of recent refinements in our understanding of the standard model for neutron decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Gonzalez
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - E M Fries
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Cude-Woods
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - T Bailey
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Blatnik
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L J Broussard
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - N B Callahan
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J H Choi
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - S M Clayton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S A Currie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Dawid
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - E B Dees
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - B W Filippone
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W Fox
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P Geltenbort
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - E George
- Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - L Hayen
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - K P Hickerson
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M A Hoffbauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Hoffman
- Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - A T Holley
- Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - T M Ito
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Komives
- DePauw University, Greencastle, Indiana 46135, USA
| | - C-Y Liu
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - M Makela
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C L Morris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Musedinovic
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C O'Shaughnessy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R W Pattie
- East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, USA
| | - J Ramsey
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D J Salvat
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - A Saunders
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E I Sharapov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - S Slutsky
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V Su
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - X Sun
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Swank
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Tang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - W Uhrich
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Vanderwerp
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P Walstrom
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - W Wei
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A R Young
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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Fry J, Alarcon R, Baeßler S, Balascuta S, Palos LB, Bailey T, Bass K, Birge N, Blose A, Borissenko D, Bowman J, Broussard L, Bryant A, Byrne J, Calarco J, Caylor J, Chang K, Chupp T, Cianciolo T, Crawford C, Ding X, Doyle M, Fan W, Farrar W, Fomin N, Frlež E, Gericke M, Gervais M, Glück F, Greene G, Grzywacz R, Gudkov V, Hamblen J, Hayes C, Hendrus C, Ito T, Jezghani A, Li H, Makela M, Macsai N, Mammei J, Mammei R, Martinez M, Matthews D, McCrea M, McGaughey P, McLaughlin C, Mueller P, Petten DV, Penttilä S, Perryman D, Picker R, Pierce J, Počanić D, Qian Y, Ramsey J, Randall G, Riley G, Rykaczewski K, Salas-Bacci A, Samiei S, Scott E, Shelton T, Sjue S, Smith A, Smith E, Stevens E, Wexler J, Whitehead R, Wilburn W, Young A, Zeck B. The Nab experiment: A precision measurement of unpolarized neutron beta decay. EPJ Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201921904002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutron beta decay is one of the most fundamental processes in nuclear physics and provides sensitive means to uncover the details of the weak interaction. Neutron beta decay can evaluate the ratio of axial-vector to vector coupling constants in the standard model, λ = gA/gV, through multiple decay correlations. The Nab experiment will carry out measurements of the electron-neutrino correlation parameter a with a precision of δa/a = 10−3 and the Fierz interference term b to δb = 3 × 10−3 in unpolarized free neutron beta decay. These results, along with a more precise measurement of the neutron lifetime, aim to deliver an independent determination of the ratio λ with a precision of δλ/λ = 0.03% that will allow an evaluation of Vud and sensitively test CKM unitarity, independent of nuclear models. Nab utilizes a novel, long asymmetric spectrometer that guides the decay electron and proton to two large area silicon detectors in order to precisely determine the electron energy and an estimation of the proton momentum from the proton time of flight. The Nab spectrometer is being commissioned at the Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Lab. We present an overview of the Nab experiment and recent updates on the spectrometer, analysis, and systematic effects.
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Leung K, Ahmed M, Alarcon R, Aleksandrova A, Baeßler S, Barrón-Palos L, Bartoszek L, Beck D, Behzadipour M, Bessuille J, Blatnik M, Broering M, Broussard L, Busch M, Carr R, Chu PH, Cianciolo V, Clayton S, Cooper M, Crawford C, Currie S, Daurer C, Dipert R, Dow K, Dutta D, Efremenko Y, Erickson C, Filippone B, Fomin N, Gao H, Golub R, Gould C, Greene G, Haase D, Hasell D, Hawari A, Hayden M, Holley A, Holt R, Huffman P, Ihloff E, Ito T, Kelsey J, Kim Y, Korobkina E, Korsch W, Lamoreaux S, Leggett E, Lipman A, Liu CY, Long J, MacDonald S, Makela M, Matlashov A, Maxwell J, McCrea M, Mendenhall M, Meyer H, Milner R, Mueller P, Nouri N, O'Shaughnessy C, Osthelder C, Peng JC, Penttila S, Phan N, Plaster B, Ramsey J, Rao T, Redwine R, Reid A, Saftah A, Seidel G, Silvera I, Slutsky S, Smith E, Snow W, Sondheim W, Sosothikul S, Stanislaus T, Sun X, Swank C, Tang Z, Dinani RT, Tsentalovich E, Vidal C, Wei W, White C, Williamson S, Yang L, Yao W, Young A. The neutron electric dipole moment experiment at the Spallation Neutron Source. EPJ Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201921902005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel experimental techniques are required to make the next big leap in neutron electric dipole moment experimental sensitivity, both in terms of statistics and systematic error control. The nEDM experiment at the Spallation Neutron Source (nEDM@SNS) will implement the scheme of Golub & Lamoreaux [Phys. Rep., 237, 1 (1994)]. The unique properties of combining polarized ultracold neutrons, polarized 3He, and superfluid 4He will be exploited to provide a sensitivity to ∼ 10−28 e · cm. Our cryogenic apparatus will deploy two small (3 L) measurement cells with a high density of ultracold neutrons produced and spin analyzed in situ. The electric field strength, precession time, magnetic shielding, and detected UCN number will all be enhanced compared to previous room temperature Ramsey measurements. Our 3He co-magnetometer offers unique control of systematic effects, in particular the Bloch-Siegert induced false EDM. Furthermore, there will be two distinct measurement modes: free precession and dressed spin. This will provide an important self-check of our results. Following five years of “critical component demonstration,” our collaboration transitioned to a “large scale integration” phase in 2018. An overview of our measurement techniques, experimental design, and brief updates are described in these proceedings.
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Bhandari B, Bian J, Bilton K, Callahan C, Chaves J, Chen H, Cline D, Cooper RL, Danielson D, Danielson J, Dokania N, Elliott S, Fernandes S, Gardiner S, Garvey G, Gehman V, Giuliani F, Glavin S, Gold M, Grant C, Guardincerri E, Haines T, Higuera A, Ji JY, Kadel R, Kamp N, Karlin A, Ketchum W, Koerner LW, Lee D, Lee K, Liu Q, Locke S, Louis WC, Manalaysay A, Maricic J, Martin E, Martinez MJ, Martynenko S, Mauger C, McGrew C, Medina J, Medina PJ, Mills A, Mills G, Mirabal-Martinez J, Olivier A, Pantic E, Philipbar B, Pitcher C, Radeka V, Ramsey J, Rielage K, Rosen M, Sanchez AR, Shin J, Sinnis G, Smy M, Sondheim W, Stancu I, Sterbenz C, Sun Y, Svoboda R, Taylor C, Teymourian A, Thorn C, Tull CE, Tzanov M, Van de Water RG, Walker D, Walsh N, Wang H, Wang Y, Yanagisawa C, Yarritu A, Yoo J. First Measurement of the Total Neutron Cross Section on Argon between 100 and 800 MeV. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:042502. [PMID: 31491269 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.042502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurement of the neutron cross section on argon in the energy range of 100-800 MeV. The measurement was obtained with a 4.3-h exposure of the Mini-CAPTAIN detector to the WNR/LANSCE beam at LANL. The total cross section is measured from the attenuation coefficient of the neutron flux as it traverses the liquid argon volume. A set of 2631 candidate interactions is divided in bins of the neutron kinetic energy calculated from time-of-flight measurements. These interactions are reconstructed with custom-made algorithms specifically designed for the data in a time projection chamber the size of the Mini-CAPTAIN detector. The energy averaged cross section is 0.91±0.10(stat)±0.09(syst) b. A comparison of the measured cross section is made to the GEANT4 and FLUKA event generator packages, where the energy averaged cross sections in this range are 0.60 and 0.68 b, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bhandari
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - J Bian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - K Bilton
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - C Callahan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - J Chaves
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - H Chen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - D Cline
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - R L Cooper
- Department of Physics, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - D Danielson
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - J Danielson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N Dokania
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - S Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Fernandes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - S Gardiner
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - G Garvey
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V Gehman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Giuliani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - S Glavin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Gold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - C Grant
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - E Guardincerri
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T Haines
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Higuera
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - J Y Ji
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - R Kadel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N Kamp
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Karlin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - W Ketchum
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L W Koerner
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - D Lee
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Q Liu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Locke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - W C Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Manalaysay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - J Maricic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - E Martin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M J Martinez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Martynenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - C Mauger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - C McGrew
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - J Medina
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P J Medina
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Mills
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - G Mills
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - A Olivier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - E Pantic
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - B Philipbar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - C Pitcher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - V Radeka
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J Ramsey
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Rielage
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Rosen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A R Sanchez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Shin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - G Sinnis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Smy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - W Sondheim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - I Stancu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - C Sterbenz
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Y Sun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - R Svoboda
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - C Taylor
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Teymourian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Thorn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C E Tull
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Tzanov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - R G Van de Water
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Walker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - N Walsh
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - H Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Yanagisawa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - A Yarritu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J Montoro-Rodriguez
- University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
| | - J Ramsey
- Department of Gerontology, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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Pattie RW, Callahan NB, Cude-Woods C, Adamek ER, Broussard LJ, Clayton SM, Currie SA, Dees EB, Ding X, Engel EM, Fellers DE, Fox W, Geltenbort P, Hickerson KP, Hoffbauer MA, Holley AT, Komives A, Liu CY, MacDonald SWT, Makela M, Morris CL, Ortiz JD, Ramsey J, Salvat DJ, Saunders A, Seestrom SJ, Sharapov EI, Sjue SK, Tang Z, Vanderwerp J, Vogelaar B, Walstrom PL, Wang Z, Wei W, Weaver HL, Wexler JW, Womack TL, Young AR, Zeck BA. Measurement of the neutron lifetime using a magneto-gravitational trap and in situ detection. Science 2018. [PMID: 29731449 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan8895,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The precise value of the mean neutron lifetime, τn, plays an important role in nuclear and particle physics and cosmology. It is used to predict the ratio of protons to helium atoms in the primordial universe and to search for physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. We eliminated loss mechanisms present in previous trap experiments by levitating polarized ultracold neutrons above the surface of an asymmetric storage trap using a repulsive magnetic field gradient so that the stored neutrons do not interact with material trap walls. As a result of this approach and the use of an in situ neutron detector, the lifetime reported here [877.7 ± 0.7 (stat) +0.4/-0.2 (sys) seconds] does not require corrections larger than the quoted uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Pattie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - N B Callahan
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - C Cude-Woods
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.,Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - E R Adamek
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - L J Broussard
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - S M Clayton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - S A Currie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - E B Dees
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - X Ding
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - E M Engel
- West Point Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - D E Fellers
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - W Fox
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | | | - K P Hickerson
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - M A Hoffbauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - A T Holley
- Department of Physics, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA
| | - A Komives
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135-0037, USA
| | - C-Y Liu
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | | | - M Makela
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - C L Morris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J D Ortiz
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J Ramsey
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - D J Salvat
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1560, USA
| | - A Saunders
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - S J Seestrom
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - E I Sharapov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - S K Sjue
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Z Tang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J Vanderwerp
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - B Vogelaar
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - P L Walstrom
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - W Wei
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - H L Weaver
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J W Wexler
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - T L Womack
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - A R Young
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - B A Zeck
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.,Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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7
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Pattie RW, Callahan NB, Cude-Woods C, Adamek ER, Broussard LJ, Clayton SM, Currie SA, Dees EB, Ding X, Engel EM, Fellers DE, Fox W, Geltenbort P, Hickerson KP, Hoffbauer MA, Holley AT, Komives A, Liu CY, MacDonald SWT, Makela M, Morris CL, Ortiz JD, Ramsey J, Salvat DJ, Saunders A, Seestrom SJ, Sharapov EI, Sjue SK, Tang Z, Vanderwerp J, Vogelaar B, Walstrom PL, Wang Z, Wei W, Weaver HL, Wexler JW, Womack TL, Young AR, Zeck BA. Measurement of the neutron lifetime using a magneto-gravitational trap and in situ detection. Science 2018; 360:627-632. [PMID: 29731449 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan8895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The precise value of the mean neutron lifetime, τn, plays an important role in nuclear and particle physics and cosmology. It is used to predict the ratio of protons to helium atoms in the primordial universe and to search for physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. We eliminated loss mechanisms present in previous trap experiments by levitating polarized ultracold neutrons above the surface of an asymmetric storage trap using a repulsive magnetic field gradient so that the stored neutrons do not interact with material trap walls. As a result of this approach and the use of an in situ neutron detector, the lifetime reported here [877.7 ± 0.7 (stat) +0.4/-0.2 (sys) seconds] does not require corrections larger than the quoted uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Pattie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - N B Callahan
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - C Cude-Woods
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.,Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - E R Adamek
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - L J Broussard
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - S M Clayton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - S A Currie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - E B Dees
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - X Ding
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - E M Engel
- West Point Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - D E Fellers
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - W Fox
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | | | - K P Hickerson
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - M A Hoffbauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - A T Holley
- Department of Physics, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA
| | - A Komives
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135-0037, USA
| | - C-Y Liu
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | | | - M Makela
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - C L Morris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J D Ortiz
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J Ramsey
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - D J Salvat
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1560, USA
| | - A Saunders
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - S J Seestrom
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - E I Sharapov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - S K Sjue
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Z Tang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J Vanderwerp
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - B Vogelaar
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - P L Walstrom
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - W Wei
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - H L Weaver
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J W Wexler
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - T L Womack
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - A R Young
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - B A Zeck
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.,Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Broussard LJ, Alarcon R, Baeßler S, Barrón Palos L, Birge N, Bode T, Bowman JD, Brunst T, Calarco JR, Caylor J, Chupp T, Cianciolo V, Crawford C, Dodson GW, DuBois J, Fan W, Farrar W, Fomin N, Frlež E, Fry J, Gericke MT, Glück F, Greene GL, Grzywacz RK, Gudkov V, Hendrus C, Hersman FW, Ito T, Li H, Macsai N, Makela MF, Mammei J, Mammei R, Martin J, Martinez M, McGaughey PL, Mertens S, Mirabal-Martinez J, Mueller P, Page SA, Penttilä SI, Picker R, Plaster B, Počanić D, Radford DC, Ramsey J, Rykaczewski KP, Salas-Bacci A, Scott EM, Sjue SKL, Smith A, Smith E, Sprow A, Stevens E, Wexler J, Whitehead R, Wilburn WS, Young AR, Zeck BA. Neutron decay correlations in the Nab experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/876/1/012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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9
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Fernandez EF, de Santi C, Ramsey J, Cryan SA, Greene C. EPS1.1 CFTR-specific target site blocker nanoparticles as a potential CF gene therapy strategy. J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Morris CL, Adamek ER, Broussard LJ, Callahan NB, Clayton SM, Cude-Woods C, Currie SA, Ding X, Fox W, Hickerson KP, Hoffbauer MA, Holley AT, Komives A, Liu CY, Makela M, Pattie RW, Ramsey J, Salvat DJ, Saunders A, Seestrom SJ, Sharapov EI, Sjue SK, Tang Z, Vanderwerp J, Vogelaar B, Walstrom PL, Wang Z, Wei W, Wexler JW, Womack TL, Young AR, Zeck BA. A new method for measuring the neutron lifetime using an in situ neutron detector. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:053508. [PMID: 28571423 PMCID: PMC5648580 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a new method for measuring surviving neutrons in neutron lifetime measurements using bottled ultracold neutrons (UCN), which provides better characterization of systematic uncertainties and enables higher precision than previous measurement techniques. An active detector that can be lowered into the trap has been used to measure the neutron distribution as a function of height and measure the influence of marginally trapped UCN on the neutron lifetime measurement. In addition, measurements have demonstrated phase-space evolution and its effect on the lifetime measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Morris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E R Adamek
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - L J Broussard
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - N B Callahan
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - S M Clayton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Cude-Woods
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - S A Currie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - X Ding
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - W Fox
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - K P Hickerson
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M A Hoffbauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A T Holley
- Department of Physics, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - A Komives
- Department of Physics, DePauw University, Greencastle Indiana 46135-0037, USA
| | - C-Y Liu
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - M Makela
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R W Pattie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Ramsey
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D J Salvat
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - A Saunders
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S J Seestrom
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E I Sharapov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980, Russia
| | - S K Sjue
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Z Tang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Vanderwerp
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - B Vogelaar
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - P L Walstrom
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Wanchun Wei
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J W Wexler
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - T L Womack
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A R Young
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - B A Zeck
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Bznuni S, Baghdasaryan N, Amirjanyan A, Nazaryan G, Kohut P, Ramsey J. Development of Bounding Burnup Axial Profiles for WWER-440 Spent Fuel Pool Burnup Credit Analysis. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00295639.2016.1273012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Bznuni
- Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, 4 Tigran Maets, 0010, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - N. Baghdasaryan
- Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, 4 Tigran Maets, 0010, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - A. Amirjanyan
- Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, 4 Tigran Maets, 0010, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - G. Nazaryan
- Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - P. Kohut
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, 33 North Renaissance Road, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J. Ramsey
- Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 11545 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland 20852
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Abstract
Aneurysms of the proximal subclavian artery are extremely rare. A 39-year-old female with an incidental finding of a small proximal left subclavian artery aneurysm at its origin from the aortic arch is described. This was an incidental finding during workup for chest pain. No other vascular abnormalities were found and no obvious etiology was identified. The workup, plan for conservative treatment, and close follow-up are described. Although larger aneurysms and those in the middle and distal subclavian arteries, symptomatic or asymptomatic, are generally considered for surgical treatment, very little is known about the natural history of small proximal subclavian aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Halldorsson
- Department of General Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Abstract
On the 2nd of October 2000, The Human Rights Act 1998 came into full force, signalling the incorporation of The European Convention on Human Rights into U.K. law. Areas of law believed to be inconsistent with the Convention may now be challenged in both The European Court of Human Rights and domestic courts. This article considers whether existing laws on the regulation of access to infertility services, in particular surrogacy, will be deemed incompatible with the ECHR. Human rights as enshrined within Articles 8 and 12 will be examined in light of recent suggestions that there may arise legal challenges by those who have had access to reproductive services restricted or denied. It will be shown that, although existing and potential future controls may arguably infringe these rights, it is nevertheless unlikely that they will be held to be in contravention of The Human Rights Act 1998.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ramsey
- Institute of Law and Ethics in Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
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Nayak A, Hao Z, Sadek R, Dobbins R, Marshall L, Vahanian N, Ramsey J, Kennedy E, Mautino M, Link C, Lin R, Royer-Joo S, Morrissey K, Mahrus S, McCall B, Pirzkall A, Munn D, Janik J, Khleif S. 346 Phase 1a study of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of GDC-0919 in patients with recurrent/advanced solid tumors. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Byrne M, Henagulph S, McIvor RJ, Ramsey J, Carson J. The impact of a diagnosis of personality disorder on service usage in an adult Community Mental Health Team. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2014; 49:307-16. [PMID: 23959588 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-013-0746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with a diagnosis of personality disorder (PD) have multiple and diverse needs. It has been noted that individuals with personality disorder are high users of health care resources, especially psychiatric services, ambulance services and emergency departments. In addition PD has been shown to be a significant predictor of disability and mental health consultations independent of Axis I disorders and physical conditions. This study aimed to compare the patterns of service usage, clinical ratings of symptoms and functioning, as well as demographic and clinically relevant historical variables between a group of patients with PD and a random sample of all other patients registered with a South London Community Mental Health Team. METHODS A case–control design was used to examine service usage patterns over a one-year period for 73 cases and 96 controls. Diagnoses were established by clinician discussion. Clinical outcomes were measured with Health of the Nation Outcome Scales and Global Assessment of Functioning, while service use was recorded using ten variables obtained from case note review. RESULTS People with a diagnosis of PD were more often white and had a history of abuse, particularly childhood emotional abuse. They were higher users of some aspects of the service as compared to controls, and had significantly higher severity of symptoms and poorer functioning on clinician-rated measures. CONCLUSION This study confirms previous findings that people with PD have more severe symptomatology and greater degrees of functional impairment when compared to those without. Community clinicians should routinely screen attenders to predict likely difficulties that might arise and to make provision for these difficulties in the treatment and management of clients.
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Yamamoto T, Kawsar A, Ramsey J, Dargan PI, Wood DM. Monitoring trends in recreational drug use from the analysis of the contents of amnesty bins in gay dance clubs. QJM 2013; 106:1111-7. [PMID: 24049052 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hct183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2011/12, 8.9% of the UK population reported use of recreational drugs. Problems related to drug use is a major financial burden to society and a common reason for attendance to hospital. AIM The aim of this study was to establish current trends in recreational drug use amongst individuals attending gay-friendly nightclubs in South London. METHOD Contents of drug amnesty bins located at two night clubs were documented and categorized into powders, herbal products, liquids, tablets and capsules. These were then sent to a Home Office licensed laboratory for identification through a pre-existing database of almost 25 000 substances. If required, further qualitative analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 544 samples were obtained. Of them, 240 (44.1%) were liquids, 220 (40.4%) powders, 42 (7.7%) herbal and 41 (7.5%) tablets or capsules. Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) was the most common liquid drug (n = 160, 66.7%) followed by poppers (n = 72, 30.0%). Powders provided the widest range of drugs with mephedrone being the most common (n = 105, 47.7%) followed by ketamine (n = 28, 12.7%), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) (n = 26, 11.8%), and cocaine (n = 21, 9.5%). Tablets and capsules included medicinal drugs, recreational drugs and plaster of Paris tablets that mimicked the appearance of 'ecstasy' tablets. CONCLUSION This study has provided a snapshot of the pattern of drug use in the gay community which compliments findings of the self-reported surveys and other studies from the same population. The information obtained will be helpful in guiding in designing harm reduction interventions in this community and for monitoring the impact of changes in legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, UK SE1 7EH.
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Archer JRH, Dargan PI, Hudson S, Davies S, Puchnarewicz M, Kicman AT, Ramsey J, Measham F, Wood M, Johnston A, Wood DM. Taking the Pissoir – a novel and reliable way of knowing what drugs are being used in nightclubs. Journal of Substance Use 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2012.740139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Saunders A, Makela M, Bagdasarova Y, Back HO, Boissevain J, Broussard LJ, Bowles TJ, Carr R, Currie SA, Filippone B, García A, Geltenbort P, Hickerson KP, Hill RE, Hoagland J, Hoedl S, Holley AT, Hogan G, Ito TM, Lamoreaux S, Liu CY, Liu J, Mammei RR, Martin J, Melconian D, Mendenhall MP, Morris CL, Mortensen RN, Pattie RW, Pitt M, Plaster B, Ramsey J, Rios R, Sallaska A, Seestrom SJ, Sharapov EI, Sjue S, Sondheim WE, Teasdale W, Young AR, VornDick B, Vogelaar RB, Wang Z, Xu Y. Performance of the Los Alamos National Laboratory spallation-driven solid-deuterium ultra-cold neutron source. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:013304. [PMID: 23387639 DOI: 10.1063/1.4770063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the performance of the Los Alamos spallation-driven solid-deuterium ultra-cold neutron (UCN) source. Measurements of the cold neutron flux, the very low energy neutron production rate, and the UCN rates and density at the exit from the biological shield are presented and compared to Monte Carlo predictions. The cold neutron rates compare well with predictions from the Monte Carlo code MCNPX and the UCN rates agree with our custom UCN Monte Carlo code. The source is shown to perform as modeled. The maximum delivered UCN density at the exit from the biological shield is 52(9) UCN/cc with a solid deuterium volume of ~1500 cm(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saunders
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Wood
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners and King's College London, London, UK.
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21
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Blanchard T, Thompson J, Love C, Brinsko S, Ramsey J, O'Meara A, Varner D. Influence of day of postpartum breeding on pregnancy rate, pregnancy loss rate, and foaling rate in Thoroughbred mares. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1290-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Burt S, Crombie K, Jin Y, Wurzelbacher S, Ramsey J, Deddens J. Workplace and individual risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome. Occup Environ Med 2011; 68:928-33. [DOI: 10.1136/oem.2010.063677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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23
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Scott RC, Thompson MA, Ward RJ, Ramsey J, Rhodes C. In-Vitro Percutaneous Absorption of 1-CHLORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE (DNCB) Through Human, Hooded Rat and Mouse Epidermis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1985.tb14218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R C Scott
- Imperial Chemical Industries PLC, Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TJ, UK
| | - M A Thompson
- Imperial Chemical Industries PLC, Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TJ, UK
| | - R J Ward
- Imperial Chemical Industries PLC, Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TJ, UK
| | - J Ramsey
- Imperial Chemical Industries PLC, Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TJ, UK
| | - C Rhodes
- Imperial Chemical Industries PLC, Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TJ, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recreational drug use in the UK is common; sources of recreational drugs are changing, with increasing purchase of legal highs from the Internet. Previous studies have shown that there is not consistency of active ingredient(s) in legal highs purchased from the Internet. AIM The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the 16 April 2010 change to the Misuse of Drugs Act (1971) on the content of 'legal highs' purchased over the Internet and supplied within the UK. METHODS Legal highs were purchased from a number of different Internet suppliers and the active ingredients determined by analysis undertaken within a Home Office approved and licensed laboratory set in a UK academic institution. The active ingredient(s) detected on screening were then compared to the UK legislation in force at the time of purchase to determine whether each individual 'legal' high was in fact legal or not. RESULTS All 18 products purchased prior to the change in the UK legislation contained active ingredients that were legal under the Misuse of Drugs Act (1971) in force at that time. Six products were purchased and analysed after the changes to the UK Misuse of Drugs Act (1971) on the 16 April 2010. Five of the products contained information, either on the Internet site or the packaging, stating that the product contained legal substances; the final product did not specify the active ingredient and so purchasers would be unable to determine if this was truly a legal product. Five of the six products contained an active ingredient that is a Class B drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act (1971); the other product contained an unlicensed medicine not controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act (1971). CONCLUSION We have shown in this study that some drugs sold as 'legal' highs contain drugs that are controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act (1971). Under current UK legislation, individuals purchasing legal highs that contained controlled drugs would be subject to the same penalties as if they had knowingly purchased a controlled drug. Dissemination of information on the harm associated with the use of legal highs should also inform individuals that they may be purchasing controlled substances and the potential legal consequences of this.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ramsey
- TICTAC Communications Ltd, St George's, University of London, London, UK
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25
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Wood DM, Panayi P, Davies S, Huggett D, Collignon U, Ramsey J, Button J, Holt DW, Dargan PI. Analysis of recreational drug samples obtained from patients presenting to a busy inner-city emergency department: a pilot study adding to knowledge on local recreational drug use. Emerg Med J 2010; 28:11-3. [DOI: 10.1136/emj.2009.085142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The supply of recreational drugs has changed and users increasingly buy 'legal highs' over the Internet. Use of these is common and there is a potential for significant toxicity associated with their use. AIM To determine the content of legal highs available for purchase in the UK and whether the content of these remains consistent. METHODS Twenty-six legal highs were purchased monthly from five different Internet sites over 6 months. These were analysed to determine the drugs in the products and whether there were any changes in their content over this time period. RESULTS All products were supplied initially, but there was a decline in supply of products month by month. The following drug classes were detected: piperazines, cathinones, caffeine/ephedrine or products in which no psychoactive drugs were detected. Of the products supplied on more than one occasion, 15 (75%) contained the same compounds on each occasion. In three products there was a change in the piperazine detected, with 1-benzylpiperazine being substituted for 1-methyl-4-benzylpiperazine or vice versa. In two other products there was a cathinone [4-fluorophenylpiperazine (pFPP) or 3-fluromethcathinone (3FMC)] detected in products purchased in Month 1 that was not present in the products purchased in subsequent months. CONCLUSION Whilst there was no variation in the composition of most legal highs supplied over 6 month, there was significant variation in the piperazine or cathinone content of one quarter of the products. This variation could be of clinical significance as the cathinone and piperazine products can be associated with significant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Davies
- Forensic Toxicology Service, Analytical Unit, St George's, University of London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Wood D, Davies S, Smith G, Button J, Ramsey J, Holt D, Dargan P. Analytical findings of systematically purchased ‘legal highs’ from the Internet. Toxicol Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hudson S, Ramsey J, King L, Timbers S, Maynard S, Dargan PI, Wood DM. Use of High-Resolution Accurate Mass Spectrometry to Detect Reported and Previously Unreported Cannabinomimetics in "Herbal High" Products. J Anal Toxicol 2010; 34:252-60. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/34.5.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Blanchard T, Thompson J, Brinsko S, Varner D, Love C, Ramsey J, O'Meara A. Pregnancy Rates in Tranquilized Maiden Thoroughbred Mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wood DM, Button J, Ashraf T, Walker S, Greene SL, Drake N, Ramsey J, Holt DW, Dargan PI. What evidence is there that the UK should tackle the potential emerging threat of methamphetamine toxicity rather than established recreational drugs such as MDMA ('ecstasy')? QJM 2008; 101:207-13. [PMID: 18222986 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcm133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in whether methamphetamine is an emerging recreational drug in the UK. AIM To determine what evidence is there that methamphetamine use is an emerging drug in the UK compared to established recreational drugs such as MDMA. DESIGN AND METHODS We undertook a retrospective study collating data on the number of enquiries to both our poisons centre and the UK National Poisons Information Service (NPIS) relating to all recreational drugs, methamphetamine and MDMA; presentations to our Emergency Department (ED) with acute methamphetamine toxicity and the frequency of positive urine tests for methamphetamine and MDMA in workplace drug screening programmes. RESULTS There was a small increase in the number of methamphetamine-related calls to our poisons centre, but it remained uncommon (0.1% of all recreational drugs cases in 2000 to 1.23% in 2006) compared to MDMA (17.3-42.7% of all recreational drugs cases). The number of 2005/6 enquiries to the UK NPIS for methamphetamine was 12, compared to 455 MDMA enquiries (0.014 and 0.52% of all enquiries, respectively). There were five presentations to our ED relating to methamphetamine over a 15-month period compared to 171 for MDMA. Of the 254 440 urine samples screened for the presence of drugs in the workplace (2000-06), three were positive for methamphetamine and 147 for MDMA. CONCLUSION There is no evidence of increasing use of methamphetamine or that acute methamphetamine poisoning is a significant clinical problem compared to established recreational drugs such as MDMA. In our opinion, healthcare, educational and law enforcement resources should be proportionally directed towards tackling drugs that pose an immediate and continuing healthcare risk to the population rather than emerging recreational drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Wood
- Guy's and St. Thomas Poisons Unit, Avonley Road, London SE14 5ER, UK.
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Wood DM, Warren-Gash C, Ashraf T, Greene SL, Shather Z, Trivedy C, Clarke S, Ramsey J, Holt DW, Dargan PI. Medical and legal confusion surrounding gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its precursors gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4BD). QJM 2008; 101:23-9. [PMID: 18203723 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcm117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is used as a recreational drug, with significant associated morbidity and mortality; it is therefore a class C drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act (1971). However, its precursors gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4BD) remain legally available despite having similar clinical effects. AIM The aim of this study was to determine whether the relative proportions of self-reported ingestions of GHB or its precursors GBL and 1,4BD were similar to those seen in analysis of seized drugs. DESIGN AND METHODS Retrospective review of our clinical toxicology database to identify all cases of self-reported recreational GHB, GBL and 1,4BD use associated with ED presentation in 2006. Additionally all seized substances on people attending local club venues were analysed by a Home Office approved laboratory to identify any illicit substances present. RESULTS In 2006, there were a total of 158 ED presentations, of which 150 (94.9%) and 8 (5.1%) were GHB and GBL self-reported ingestions respectively; 96.8% (153) were recreational use. Of the 418 samples seized, 225 (53.8%) were in liquid form; 85 (37.8%) contained GHB and 140 (62.2%) contained GBL. None of the seized samples contained 1,4BD and there were no self-reported 1,4BD ingestions. CONCLUSION Self-reported GHB ingestion was much more common than GBL ingestion, whereas GBL was more commonly found in the seized samples. These differences suggest that GBL use may be more common than previously thought and we suggest that there should be further debate about the legal status of the precursors of GHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Wood
- Guy's and St. Thomas' Poisons Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Avonley Road, London, UK.
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Abstract
Polyploidy is a major mechanism of speciation and adaptation, yet little is known about the origins of polyploids in natural species. I investigated gametic nonreduction and neopolyploid formation in natural tetraploid populations of Achillea borealis (Asteraceae), an autopolyploid complex consisting of tetraploid and hexaploid cytotypes. Cytological analyses of tetraploid populations revealed the occurrence of reduced (n=2x) as well as unreduced 'big' (2n=4x) and 'jumbo' (4n=8x) pollen grains, which were clearly distinguished by size. Production of unreduced pollen was monitored in two tetraploid populations in 1997 and 1998. Mean population-level frequencies of unreduced pollen ranged from 0.030 to 0.538%, with as few as one-third and as many as one-half of sampled plants producing unreduced grains. Eight individuals were found to produce >1% unreduced pollen, with highest observed frequencies of 7.0, 13.2 and 15.8%. Experimental crosses using high unreduced pollen producers as male parents generated viable seeds. However, the frequency of neohexaploids in the progeny of experimental crosses (0.388%) was similar to that observed in progeny of randomly selected, open-pollinated control parents (0.465%). These results suggest that unreduced eggs are the most likely source of new polyploids. In spite of the inefficiency of unreduced pollen in unilateral sexual polyploidization, the overall rate of neohexaploid formation (one in 233) was several orders of magnitude greater than estimates of genic mutation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ramsey
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Panzera F, Ferrandis I, Ramsey J, Ordòñez R, Salazar-Schettino PM, Cabrera M, Monroy MC, Bargues MD, Mas-Coma S, O'Connor JE, Angulo VM, Jaramillo N, Cordón-Rosales C, Gómez D, Pérez R. Chromosomal variation and genome size support existence of cryptic species of Triatoma dimidiata with different epidemiological importance as Chagas disease vectors. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11:1092-103. [PMID: 16827710 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The wide geographical distribution of Triatoma dimidiata, one of the three major vectors of Chagas disease, ranges from Mexico to northern Peru. Since this species occupies a great diversity of artificial and natural ecotopes, its eradication is extremely difficult. In order to assist control efforts, we used chromosome analyses and DNA amount as taxonomic markers to study genetic variability in populations of T. dimidiata from Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador and Colombia. We differentiated three groups or cytotypes defined by characteristic chromosome C-banding patterns and genome size measured by flow cytometry. The three cytotypes are restricted to different geographic locations. Cytotype 1 occurs in Mexico (excluding Yucatán), Guatemala (excluding Petén), El Salvador and Colombia. Cytotype 2 occurs in Yucatán and cytotype 3 occurs in Petén. Cytotype 1, commonly associated with domestic and peridomestic environments but also inhabiting sylvatic ecotopes, is the most widespread and with major epidemiological significance. In contrast, the Yucatán cytotype inhabits wild ecotopes but increasingly enters houses, while the Petén cytotype appears exclusively sylvatic. We suggest that these cytotypes represent cryptic species of T. dimidiata with different epidemiological relevance as Chagas disease vectors. Poor ability to colonize human dwellings, together with their restricted geographic distribution, indicate that the Yucatán and Petén putative species probably have much less epidemiological significance than cytotype 1. Thus, the genetic markers we describe are powerful tools to differentiate cryptic species in T. dimidiata with different epidemiological significance, contributing to planning the most effective control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Panzera
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Calderón Fernández G, Juárez MP, Ramsey J, Salazar Schettino PM, Monroy MC, Ordoñez R, Cabrera M. Cuticular hydrocarbon variability among Triatoma dimidiata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) populations from Mexico and Guatemala. J Med Entomol 2005; 42:780-8. [PMID: 16363161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The geographic variation in the cuticular hydrocarbon pattern among 11 populations of Triatoma dimidiata Latreille (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) from different regions of Mexico and Guatemala, was studied using capillary gas chromatography. T. dimidiata populations were differentiated based on the relative amounts of 71 hydrocarbon components. Insect population classification was mostly in agreement with their geographical vicinity; Mexican populations from the Yucatan peninsula grouped together with those from northern Guatemala, insects from the Mexican Gulf coast states were closely related to those collected from northern Oaxaca, and to a lesser extent, to insects from Chiapas. Insects from southern Oaxaca were clustered together with those from southern Guatemala. All these populations were clearly separated from Guatemalan specimens collected in caves from Alta Verapaz.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Calderón Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, calles 60 y 120, C.P. 1900, La Plata, Argentina
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Ramsey J. Meet the Editorial Board. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2004. [DOI: 10.2174/138620704773120856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ramsey J. Julie. A preceptor reflects on one who taught her. Creat Nurs 2002; 7:12-3. [PMID: 11904898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Ramsey
- Birthplace of Fairview-University Medical Center, Riverside Campus, Minneapolis, USA
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Ramsey J. An investment in labor. Creat Nurs 2002; 7:9. [PMID: 11904931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Ramsey
- Fairview-University Medical Center, Minneapolis, USA
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Ramsey J, Colichman E. Potentiometric Determination of Vitamin C. Combined Use of 2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol and Iodate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/i560104a015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Richardson J, Feder G, Carter Y, Ramsey J, Davidson L. Domestic violence and the definition of screening. J Med Screen 2002; 8:168. [PMID: 11678559 DOI: 10.1136/jms.8.3.168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ramsey J. One veteran's view of nursing. Creat Nurs 2002; 7:12. [PMID: 11775986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Ramsey
- Birthplace of Fairview-University Medical Center, Minneapolis, USA
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Boswell DJ, Ramsey J, Smith MA, Wagers B. The cost-effectiveness of a patient-sitter program in an acute care hospital: a test of the impact of sitters on the incidence of falls and patient satisfaction. Qual Manag Health Care 2002; 10:10-6. [PMID: 11702467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
This article analyzes the costs and benefits of a patient-sitter program in relation to patient falls and patient satisfaction. During these days of intense budgetary scrutiny, it is necessary to integrate methods of cost/benefit analysis into our loss prevention management programs, whether physical loss or loss patient base due to dissatisfied patients. This article presents the research we have conducted to analyze costs and benefits of our patient-sitter program in relation to patient falls and patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Boswell
- Department of Risk Management, St. Vincent Hospitals and Health Services, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Yamanaka R, Zullo SA, Ramsey J, Onodera M, Tanaka R, Blaese M, Xanthopoulos KG. Induction of therapeutic antitumor antiangiogenesis by intratumoral injection of genetically engineered endostatin-producing Semliki Forest virus. Cancer Gene Ther 2001; 8:796-802. [PMID: 11687903 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapy using Semliki Forest virus (SFV) carrying Endostatin gene for malignant brain tumor was investigated to improve the therapeutic efficacy. The efficiency of SFV-mediated gene delivery was first evaluated for B 16 cells and compared with the efficiency in cells of endothelial origin (HMVECs). HMVECs are more susceptible to SFV infection than B 16 cells. For the in vivo treatment model, phosphate-buffered saline, SFV-LacZ, retrovirus vector GCsap-Endostatin, and SFV-Endostatin were injected to mice bearing B 16 brain tumors. A very significant inhibition of tumor growth was observed in the group that had been treated with SFV-Endostatin. A marked reduction of intratumoral vascularization was seen in the tumor sections from the SFV-Endostatin group compared with tumor sections from the SFV-LacZ or GCsap-Endostatin groups. Moreover, at day 7 after intravenous administration of SFV-Endostatin, the serum level of endostatin was augmented more than 3-fold compared to that after intravenous administration of GCsap-Endostatin. The results indicated that treatment with SFV-Endostatin inhibited the angiogenesis with established tumors. Gene therapy with Endostatin delivered via SFV may be a candidate for the development of new therapy for brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yamanaka
- Clinical Gene Therapy Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Abstract
Harm reduction has become the focus of public health initiatives and therapeutic intervention in the management of dependent drug use over the last 20 years. The last decade has seen such approaches being extended to recreational drug use. Most harm reduction initiatives have aimed to inform users about risks and ways of minimizing risk. The concept of providing illicit drug users with quality assessment of their chosen drug is one possible harm reduction intervention that until recently has received little attention. In response to well-publicized 'ecstasy'-related deaths organizations in some European countries and the United States have chosen to provide a 'pill testing service' for users. There are two broad categories of pill testing offered. Simple colour reagent test kits (Marquis Reagent and colour charts) form the most widely used on-site pill testing method. Less frequently, but more accurately, laboratory personnel with access to sophisticated chromatographic equipment (high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)) may provide analysis of a pill. Pill testing kits have been advocated as a 'tool to protect yourself against the polluted XTC market'. We refute this line of reasoning. Of the different tests only techniques such as GC-MS can identify satisfactorily the psychoactive constituents present in ecstasy pills. Colour tests based on an interpretation of a colour response in the presence of a drug are, at best, subjective. Pill testing of any description does not guarantee safety, or protect the consumer against individual responses to pills. At best it gives an artificial 'shine of safety' to a group of diverse drugs that remain both illicit and potentially harmful. Other simpler harm reduction mechanisms are likely to be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Winstock
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, UK
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Flores A, Gastélum EM, Bosseno MF, Ordoñez R, Kasten FL, Espinoza B, Ramsey J, Brenière SF. Isoenzyme variability of five principal triatomine vector species of Chagas disease in Mexico. Infect Genet Evol 2001; 1:21-8. [PMID: 12798047 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-1348(01)00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Triatoma barberi, T. dimidiata, T. longipennis, T. pallidipennis and T. picturata, all key Chagas disease vectors in Mexico, were analysed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) at 17 putative loci. The majority of insect specimens studied were collected from domestic and peridomestic structures from multiple geographic locations while others were collected from sylvatic areas. T. barberi was the least polymorphic species (P(0.95)=0.18), with polymorphism rates of the other species ranging from 0.29 to 0.50. T. barberi, a member of the protracta complex, clustered apart from the other studied species by Nei's genetic distance with >1.36, and at least eight loci were found to be diagnostic for this species. T. dimidiata was more related to T. longipennis, T. pallidipennis and T. picturata (phyllosoma complex) than to T. barberi, with a genetic distance averaging 0.36 with the phyllosoma complex species. In contrast, the genetic distances between the three phyllosoma complex species were not significantly different from zero, and there were no species-specific loci differentiating among them. The results strongly support the grouping of these three species in one complex, separate from the two other species studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Flores
- UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, AP 70228, CP 04510, D.F., México, Mexico
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Yamanaka R, Zullo SA, Tanaka R, Ramsey J, Blaese M, Xanthopoulos KG. Induction of a therapeutic antitumor immunological response by intratumoral injection of genetically engineered Semliki Forest virus to produce interleukin-12. Neurosurg Focus 2000; 9:e7. [PMID: 16817690 DOI: 10.3171/foc.2000.9.6.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT The authors investigated immunogene therapy for malignant glioma to determine whether its therapeutic efficacy could be improved. METHODS Four groups of 203-glioma-bearing mice were treated with injections of phosphate-buffered saline, Semliki Forest virus (SFV)-LacZ, retrovirus vector DFG-interleukin (IL)-12, and SFV-IL12, respectively. The results indicated that therapeutic immunization with SFV-IL12 prolonged the survival of mice with established tumors. Semliki Forest virus induces apoptotic death to glioma cells, which facilitates the uptake of apoptotic cells by dendritic cells, providing a potential mechanism for enhanced immunogenicity. CONCLUSIONS Immunogene therapy with IL-12 via SFV may be an excellent candidate for the development of new cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yamanaka
- Clinical Gene Therapy Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Dastgheib KA, Clinch TE, Manche EE, Hersh P, Ramsey J. Sloughing of corneal epithelium and wound healing complications associated with laser in situ keratomileusis in patients with epithelial basement membrane dystrophy. Am J Ophthalmol 2000; 130:297-303. [PMID: 11020408 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(00)00504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report sloughing of corneal epithelium during laser in situ keratomileusis and subsequent wound healing complications in patients with epithelial basement membrane dystrophy. METHODS In a retrospective study, the surgical procedures, postoperative course, and visual acuities of 16 eyes of nine patients with epithelial basement membrane dystrophy who underwent laser in situ keratomileusis complicated with epithelial sloughing at three centers were reviewed. The mean follow-up period was 23 weeks (range, 4 to 52 weeks). RESULTS In 13 (81%) of 16 eyes with epithelial basement membrane dystrophy, epithelial sloughing occurred during laser in situ keratomileusis. In eight of the 13 eyes, epithelial growth beneath the flap was observed. The flap was lifted and the interface epithelium scraped in six eyes. Flap melt or keratolysis occurred in four eyes. At the last follow-up visit, 13 of 16 eyes had an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/30 or better, and all eyes had a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/30 or better. CONCLUSIONS Patients with epithelial basement membrane dystrophy have poorly adherent corneal epithelium and are predisposed to epithelial sloughing during the microkeratome pass of laser in situ keratomileusis. This may lead to flap distortion, interface epithelial growth, flap keratolysis, and corneal scarring. It is not recommended that laser in situ keratomileusis be performed in patients with classic, symptomatic epithelial basement membrane dystrophy. In patients who present with mild and asymptomatic epithelial basement membrane dystrophy, laser in situ keratomileusis should be performed with caution, or photorefractive keratectomy may be the preferred refractive procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Dastgheib
- John Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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Gardiner K, Pemberton PJ, Ramsey J. The aftermath of the Bristol case. Supraregional neonatal cardiac surgery works in Western Australia. BMJ 1998; 317:814. [PMID: 9786670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Martin BJ, Watkins JB, Ramsey J. Venipuncture in the medical physiology laboratory. Am J Physiol 1998; 274:S62-S67. [PMID: 9841567 DOI: 10.1152/advances.1998.274.6.s62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Medical physiology laboratories, traditionally devoted to animal experimentation, face unprecedented difficulties linked to cost, staffing, instrumentation, and the use of animals. At the same time, laboratory experiences with living creatures play a unique role in medical education. In this article we describe the use of venipuncture and subsequent blood analysis, with medical students serving as both subjects and experimenters, in a sequence of first-year physiology laboratories. These experiments are safe, robust, inexpensive, and time efficient, and they teach the principles of cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, nutritional, and gastrointestinal physiology. In addition, they enhance medical education in several other important dimensions. First, they teach safe venous blood collection and handling, a training appropriate for students at this level. Second, by serving each week as subjects as well as experimenters, students experience aspects of both sides of the doctor-patient relationship. Third, the laboratories can be used to teach fundamentals of research design and analysis. Finally, because blood analysis is central to medicine, and because the student's own blood data are discussed, students are enthusiastic and cooperative, and the clinical relevance of the data is clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Martin
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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Cox JM, Bottoms RJ, Ramsey J. Assessment of practice in pre-registration nurse education and the development of a skills acquisition manual. Nurse Educ Today 1998; 18:199-201. [PMID: 9661446 DOI: 10.1016/s0260-6917(98)80079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that Project 2000 training has not taken account of the need to assess the development of specific nursing skills. This could result in nurses who may be in a vulnerable position upon qualification regarding the expectations of their skills performance. A new initiative has been developed at the University of Luton, which enables specific skills to be assessed for pre-registration students during the Common Foundation Programme. This document is discussed here and is the precursor to a wider research study proposed to be undertaken upon completion of the evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Cox
- University of Luton, Faculty of Health Care & Social Studies, Department of Community & Mental Health Care, Bedford, UK
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Surrey ES, Bower J, Hill DM, Ramsey J, Surrey MW. Clinical and endocrine effects of a microdose GnRH agonist flare regimen administered to poor responders who are undergoing in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 1998; 69:419-24. [PMID: 9531870 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(97)00575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the endocrine and clinical responses to microdose GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) that was administered in the early follicular phase before controlled ovarian hyperstimulation to poor responders who were candidates for IVF-ET. DESIGN Prospective nonrandomized trial with historical controls. SETTING Tertiary care university-affiliated infertility practice. PATIENT(S) Thirty-four IVF-ET candidates with a prior poor response to a standard long-protocol GnRH-a controlled ovarian hyperstimulation regimen (cycle A). Patients were divided into two groups based on their age at the initiation of cycle A (Group 1: < or = 39 years, n = 15; Group 2: > or = 40 years, n = 19). INTERVENTION(S) Low-dose oral contraceptive (x 21 d) followed by GnRH-a (leuprolide acetate; 40 micrograms s.c. b.i.d.) flare and urofollitropin initiated on day 3 of GnRH-a administration (cycle B). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Comparative analysis of clinical responses (total urofollitropin dose used and number of oocytes retrieved as well as fertilization and clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates) and endocrine responses (serum E2, FSH, LH, T, and P levels) between cycles A and B in the two groups. Early follicular phase serum E2 and FSH changes in groups 1 and 2 were compared with changes in nine normal responder controls who were receiving a standard long-protocol GnRH-a/urofollitropin regimen (group 3). RESULT(S) Maximal E2 levels as well as clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates were higher in cycle B patients receiving microdose GnRH-a. Cancellation rates in cycle B were lower than in cycle A. Statistically significant increases in treatment day 6 serum FSH levels were noted during cycle B in both groups 1 and 2 but not in group 3 controls. No abnormal rises in LH, P, or T were noted in any of the groups. CONCLUSION(S) Microdose GnRH-a enhances urofollitropin response and clinical outcome in poor responders undergoing IVF-ET. This may be due to enhanced release of early follicular phase endogenous FSH without concomitant deleterious rises in androgen levels or corpus luteum rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Surrey
- Reproductive Medicine and Surgery Associates, Beverly Hills, California, USA
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