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Soifer H, Mishra V, Malik S, Smith A, Chan S, Kessler L, Burrows F, Leoni M, Saunders A, Dale S. HNSCCs overexpressing wild-type HRAS are sensitive to combined tipifarnib and alpelisib treatment. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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2
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Borzage M, Saunders A, Hughes J, McComb JG, Blüml S, King KS. The First Examination of Diagnostic Performance of Automated Measurement of the Callosal Angle in 1856 Elderly Patients and Volunteers Indicates That 12.4% of Exams Met the Criteria for Possible Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1942-1948. [PMID: 34620589 PMCID: PMC8583275 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Many patients with dementia may have comorbid or misdiagnosed normal pressure hydrocephalus, a treatable neurologic disorder. The callosal angle is a validated biomarker for normal pressure hydrocephalus with 93% diagnostic accuracy. Our purpose was to develop and evaluate an algorithm for automatically computing callosal angles from MR images of the brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS This article reports the results of analyzing callosal angles from 1856 subjects with 5264 MR images from the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative databases. Measurement variability was examined between 2 neuroradiologists (n = 50) and between manual and automatic measurements (n = 281); from differences in simulated head orientation; and from real-world changes in patients with multiple examinations (n = 906). We evaluated the effectiveness of the automatic callosal angle to differentiate normal pressure hydrocephalus from Alzheimer disease in a simulated cohort. RESULTS The algorithm identified that 12.4% of subjects from these carefully screened cohorts had callosal angles of <90°, a published threshold for possible normal pressure hydrocephalus. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97 for agreement between neuroradiologists and 0.90 for agreement between manual and automatic measurement. The method was robust to different head orientations. The median coefficient of variation for repeat examinations was 4.2% (Q1 = 3.1%, Q3 = 5.8%). The simulated classification of normal pressure hydrocephalus versus Alzheimer using the automatic callosal angle had an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.87 each. CONCLUSIONS In even the most pristine research databases, analyses of the callosal angle indicate that some patients may have normal pressure hydrocephalus. The automatic callosal angle measurement can rapidly and objectively screen for normal pressure hydrocephalus in patients who would otherwise be misdiagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Borzage
- From the Fetal and Neonatal Institute, Division of Neonatology (M.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics (M.B.)
- Rudi Schulte Research Institute (M.B., A.S., S.B., K.S.K.), Santa Barbara, California
| | - A Saunders
- Department of Radiology (A.S., S.B.)
- Rudi Schulte Research Institute (M.B., A.S., S.B., K.S.K.), Santa Barbara, California
| | - J Hughes
- Department of Neuroradiology (J.H., K.S.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - J G McComb
- Division of Neurosurgery (J.G.M.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Neurological Surgery (J.G.M.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - S Blüml
- Department of Radiology (A.S., S.B.)
- Rudi Schulte Research Institute (M.B., A.S., S.B., K.S.K.), Santa Barbara, California
| | - K S King
- Rudi Schulte Research Institute (M.B., A.S., S.B., K.S.K.), Santa Barbara, California
- Department of Neuroradiology (J.H., K.S.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
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Gonzalez FM, Fries EM, Cude-Woods C, Bailey T, Blatnik M, Broussard LJ, Callahan NB, Choi JH, Clayton SM, Currie SA, Dawid M, Dees EB, Filippone BW, Fox W, Geltenbort P, George E, Hayen L, Hickerson KP, Hoffbauer MA, Hoffman K, Holley AT, Ito TM, Komives A, Liu CY, Makela M, Morris CL, Musedinovic R, O'Shaughnessy C, Pattie RW, Ramsey J, Salvat DJ, Saunders A, Sharapov EI, Slutsky S, Su V, Sun X, Swank C, Tang Z, Uhrich W, Vanderwerp J, Walstrom P, Wang Z, Wei W, Young AR. Improved Neutron Lifetime Measurement with UCNτ. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:162501. [PMID: 34723594 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.162501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report an improved measurement of the free neutron lifetime τ_{n} using the UCNτ apparatus at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. We count a total of approximately 38×10^{6} surviving ultracold neutrons (UCNs) after storing in UCNτ's magnetogravitational trap over two data acquisition campaigns in 2017 and 2018. We extract τ_{n} from three blinded, independent analyses by both pairing long and short storage time runs to find a set of replicate τ_{n} measurements and by performing a global likelihood fit to all data while self-consistently incorporating the β-decay lifetime. Both techniques achieve consistent results and find a value τ_{n}=877.75±0.28_{stat}+0.22/-0.16_{syst} s. With this sensitivity, neutron lifetime experiments now directly address the impact of recent refinements in our understanding of the standard model for neutron decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Gonzalez
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - E M Fries
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Cude-Woods
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - T Bailey
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Blatnik
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L J Broussard
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - N B Callahan
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J H Choi
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - S M Clayton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S A Currie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Dawid
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - E B Dees
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - B W Filippone
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W Fox
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P Geltenbort
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - E George
- Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - L Hayen
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - K P Hickerson
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M A Hoffbauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Hoffman
- Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - A T Holley
- Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - T M Ito
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Komives
- DePauw University, Greencastle, Indiana 46135, USA
| | - C-Y Liu
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - M Makela
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C L Morris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Musedinovic
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C O'Shaughnessy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R W Pattie
- East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, USA
| | - J Ramsey
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D J Salvat
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - A Saunders
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E I Sharapov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - S Slutsky
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V Su
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - X Sun
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Swank
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Tang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - W Uhrich
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Vanderwerp
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P Walstrom
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - W Wei
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A R Young
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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Tang Z, Watkins EB, Clayton SM, Currie SA, Fellers DE, Hassan MT, Hooks DE, Ito TM, Lawrence SK, MacDonald SWT, Makela M, Morris CL, Neukirch LP, Saunders A, O'Shaughnessy CM, Cude-Woods C, Choi JH, Young AR, Zeck BA, Gonzalez F, Liu CY, Floyd NC, Hickerson KP, Holley AT, Johnson BA, Lambert JC, Pattie RW. Ultracold neutron properties of the Eljen-299-02D deuterated scintillator. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:023305. [PMID: 33648127 DOI: 10.1063/5.0030972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report studies of the Fermi potential and loss per bounce of ultracold neutrons (UCNs) on a deuterated scintillator (Eljen-299-02D). These UCN properties of the scintillator enable its use in a wide variety of applications in fundamental neutron research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Tang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E B Watkins
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S M Clayton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S A Currie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D E Fellers
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Md T Hassan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D E Hooks
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T M Ito
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S K Lawrence
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S W T MacDonald
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Makela
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C L Morris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L P Neukirch
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Saunders
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - C Cude-Woods
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - J H Choi
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - A R Young
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - B A Zeck
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - F Gonzalez
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - C Y Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - N C Floyd
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - K P Hickerson
- W. K. Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A T Holley
- Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - B A Johnson
- Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
| | - J C Lambert
- Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
| | - R W Pattie
- East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, USA
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5
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Wakeman SY, Pennington R, Cerrato B, Saunders A, Ahlgrim-Delzell L. Parent perceptions regarding literacy instruction for students with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res 2021; 65:86-98. [PMID: 33140546 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents offer a unique perspective as they may view literacy instruction through the lens of its direct impact on their child's daily life. Further, they are likely to provide insight into the interactions between the perceived effectiveness of instruction and their expectations for their child's success. The purposes of the current investigation were to explore perceptions of parents of children with intellectual disability (ID) related to their child's literacy instruction in schools and understand parental expectations for their child's literacy performance. METHODS In the current investigation, we surveyed 211 parents of children with ID in one state within the USA to identify their perceptions related to their child's literacy outcomes and instruction. The survey instrument contained 25 items including 9 multiple-choice, 12 multiple-selection, 2 open-response and 2 rank order items. RESULTS Data indicated significant differences across grade bands related to the type of skills students engage in learning, the importance of specific literacy skills and the challenges or barriers for students to engage in literacy instruction. The overwhelming majority of parents reported their child learning to read as very important and believe there is a difference in life outcomes between children who can read written words and those who cannot. Parents of elementary school children report barriers of disruptive behaviour, the inability of children to remain seated and distractibility more so than parents of secondary students. Parents of high school students reported a lack of instructional time more often than parents of middle and elementary school. CONCLUSIONS While parents across grade bands reported the importance of literacy skills for students with ID and instruction in reading comprehension, listening comprehension and vocabulary, some differences were noted. Only half the parents reported an increased focus on literacy instruction, including on essential skills (e.g. decoding), in the earlier grades. Problem behaviour and motivation served as barriers to literacy for elementary students, and a lack of instructional time served as a barrier to writing for high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Wakeman
- Special Education and Child Development, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - R Pennington
- Special Education and Child Development, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - B Cerrato
- Special Education and Child Development, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - A Saunders
- Special Education and Child Development, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - L Ahlgrim-Delzell
- Educational Leadership, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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6
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Kirkham F, Nuredini GN, Saunders A, Drazich E, Bunting E, Rankin P, Ali K, Okorie M, Rajkumar C. P115 Does Post-stroke White Coat Hypertension/Effect (WCH/E) Require Intensive Blood Pressure Management? Artery Res 2020. [DOI: 10.2991/artres.k.191224.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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7
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Kirkham F, Saunders A, Nuredini GN, Drazich E, Rankin P, Bunting E, Ali K, Okorie M, Rajkumar C. P116 Post-stroke White Coat Hypertension/Effect is Associated with Greater Arterial Stiffness. Artery Res 2020. [DOI: 10.2991/artres.k.191224.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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8
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Plaster B, Adamek E, Allgeier B, Anaya J, Back H, Bagdasarova Y, Berguno D, Blatnik M, Boissevain J, Bowles T, Broussard L, Brown MP, Carr R, Clark D, Clayton S, Cude-Woods C, Currie S, Dees E, Ding X, Du S, Filippone B, García A, Geltenbort P, Hasan S, Hawari A, Hickerson K, Hill R, Hino M, Hoagland J, Hoedl S, Hogan G, Hona B, Hong R, Holley A, Ito T, Kawai T, Kirch K, Kitagaki S, Knecht A, Lamoreaux S, Liu CY, Liu J, Makela M, Mammei R, Martin J, Meier N, Melconian D, Mendenhall M, Moore S, Morris C, Mortensen R, Nepal S, Nouri N, Pattie R, Pérez Galván A, Phillips II D, Pichlmaier A, Picker R, Pitt M, Ramsey J, Rios R, Russell R, Sabourov K, Sallaska A, Salvat D, Saunders A, Schmid R, Seestrom S, Servicky C, Sharapov E, Sjue S, Slutsky S, Smith D, Sondheim W, Sun X, Swank C, Swift G, Tatar E, Teasdale W, Terai C, Tipton B, Utsuro M, Vogelaar R, VornDick B, Wang Z, Wehring B, Wexler J, Womack T, Wrede C, Xu Y, Yan H, Young A, Yuan J, Zeck B. Final results for the neutron β-asymmetry parameter A0 from the UCNA experiment. EPJ Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201921904004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The UCNA experiment was designed to measure the neutron β-asymmetry parameter A0 using polarized ultracold neutrons (UCN). UCN produced via downscattering in solid deuterium were polarized via transport through a 7 T magnetic field, and then directed to a 1 T solenoidal electron spectrometer, where the decay electrons were detected in electron detector packages located on the two ends of the spectrometer. A value for A0 was then extracted from the asymmetry in the numbers of counts in the two detector packages. We summarize all of the results from the UCNA experiment, obtained during run periods in 2007, 2008–2009, 2010, and 2011–2013, which ultimately culminated in a 0.67% precision result for A0.
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Davies BR, Gilchrist FJ, Saunders A, Carroll WD. Annual hospitalization rates for children with asthma are inversely associated with total hours of sunshine in English regions. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 47:838-840. [PMID: 28452084 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B R Davies
- University Hospitals of the North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - F J Gilchrist
- University Hospitals of the North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.,Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - A Saunders
- Derbyshire Children's Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - W D Carroll
- University Hospitals of the North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.,Keele University, Keele, UK
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Duncan JMA, Boruff B, Saunders A, Sun Q, Hurley J, Amati M. Turning down the heat: An enhanced understanding of the relationship between urban vegetation and surface temperature at the city scale. Sci Total Environ 2019; 656:118-128. [PMID: 30504014 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Guiding urban planners on the cooling returns of different configurations of urban vegetation is important to protect urban dwellers from adverse heat impacts. To this end, we estimated statistical models that fused multi-temporal very fine spatial (20 cm) and vertical (1 mm) resolution imagery, that captures the complexity of urban vegetation, with remotely sensed temperature data to assess how urban vegetation configuration influences urban temperatures. Perth, Western Australia, was used as a case-study for this analysis. Panel regression models showed that within a location an increase in tree and shrub cover has a larger cooling effect than grass coverage. On average, holding all else equal, an approximate 1 km2 increase in shrub (tree) cover within a location reduces surface temperatures by 12 °C (5 °C). We included a range of robustness checks for the observed relationships between urban vegetation type and temperature. Geographically weighted regression models showed spatial variation in the cooling effect of different vegetation types; this indicates that i) unobserved factors moderate temperature-vegetation relationships across urban landscapes, and ii) that urban vegetation type and temperature relationships are complex. Machine learning models (Random Forests) were used to further explore complex and non-linear relationships between different urban vegetation configurations and temperature. The Random Forests showed that vegetation type explained 31.84% of the out-of-bag variance in summer surface temperatures, that increased cover of large vegetation within a location increases cooling, and that different configurations of urban vegetation structure can lead to cooling gains. The models in this study were trained with vegetation data capturing local detail, multiple time-periods, and entire city coverage. Thus, these models illustrate the potential to develop locally-detailed and spatially explicit tools to guide planning of vegetation configuration to optimise cooling at local- and city-scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M A Duncan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - B Boruff
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - A Saunders
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Q Sun
- Geospatial Science, School of Science, RMIT, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - J Hurley
- Global, Urban and Social Studies, RMIT, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - M Amati
- Global, Urban and Social Studies, RMIT, Melbourne, Australia.
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11
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Pattie R, Callahan N, Cude-Woods C, Adamek E, Adams M, Barlow D, Blatnik M, D. B, Broussard L, Clayton S, Currie S, Dees E, Ding X, Fellers D, Fox W, Fries E, Gonzalez F, Geltenbort P, Hickerson K, Hoffbauer M, Hoffman K, Holley A, Howard D, Ito T, Komives A, Liu C, M. M, Medina J, Morley D, Morris C, O'Connor T, Penttilä S, Ramsey J, Roberts A, Salvat D, Saunders A, Seestrom S, Sharapov E, Sjue S, Snow W, Sprow A, Vanderwerp J, Vogelaar B, P.L. W, Wang Z, Weaver H, Wexler J, Womack T, Young A, Zeck B. Status of the UCN τ experiment. EPJ Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201921903004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neutron is the simplest nuclear system that can be used to probe the structure of the weak interaction and search for physics beyond the standard model. Measurements of neutron lifetime and β-decay correlation coefficients with precisions of 0.02% and 0.1%, respectively, would allow for stringent constraints on new physics. The UCNτ experiment uses an asymmetric magneto-gravitational UCN trap with in situ counting of surviving neutrons to measure the neutron lifetime, τn = 877.7s (0.7s)stat (+0.4/−0.2s)sys. We discuss the recent result from UCNτ, the status of ongoing data collection and analysis, and the path toward a 0.25 s measurement of the neutron lifetime with UCNτ.
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12
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Sun X, Adamek E, Allgeier B, Blatnik M, Bowles T, Broussard L, Brown MP, Carr R, Clayton S, Cude-Woods C, Currie S, Dees E, Ding X, Filippone B, García A, Geltenbort P, Hasan S, Hickerson K, Hoagland J, Hong R, Hogan G, Holley A, Ito T, Kneckt A, Liu CY, Liu J, Makela M, Mammei R, Martin J, Melconian D, Mendenhall M, Moore S, Morris C, Nepal S, Nouri N, Pattie R, Galván A, Phillips II D, Picker R, Pitt M, Plaster B, Ramsey J, Rios R, Salvat D, Saunders A, Sondheim W, Sjue S, Slutsky S, Swank C, Swift G, Tatar E, Vogelaar R, VornDick B, Wanchun W, Wang Z, Wexler J, Womack T, Wrede C, Young A, Zeck B. Search for neutron dark decay: n → χ + e+e−. EPJ Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201921905008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In January, 2018, Fornal and Grinstein proposed that a previously unobserved neutron decay branch to a dark matter particle (χ) could account for the discrepancy in the neutron lifetime observed in two different types of experiments. One of the possible final states discussed includes a single χ along with an e+e− pair. We use data from the UCNA (Ultracold Neutron Asymmetry) experiment to set limits on this decay channel. Coincident electron-like events are detected with ∼ 4π acceptance using a pair of detectors that observe a volume of stored Ultracold Neutrons (UCNs). We use the timing information of coincidence events to select candidate dark sector particle decays by applying a timing calibration and selecting events within a physically-forbidden timing region for conventional n → p + e- + ν̅e decays. The summed kinetic energy (Ee+e−) from such events is reconstructed and used to set limits, as a function of the χ mass, on the branching fraction for this decay channel.
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13
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Tang Z, Blatnik M, Broussard LJ, Choi JH, Clayton SM, Cude-Woods C, Currie S, Fellers DE, Fries EM, Geltenbort P, Gonzalez F, Hickerson KP, Ito TM, Liu CY, MacDonald SWT, Makela M, Morris CL, O'Shaughnessy CM, Pattie RW, Plaster B, Salvat DJ, Saunders A, Wang Z, Young AR, Zeck BA. Search for the Neutron Decay n→X+γ, Where X is a Dark Matter Particle. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:022505. [PMID: 30085691 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.022505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fornal and Grinstein recently proposed that the discrepancy between two different methods of neutron lifetime measurements, the beam and bottle methods, can be explained by a previously unobserved dark matter decay mode, n→X+γ. We perform a search for this decay mode over the allowed range of energies of the monoenergetic γ ray for X to be dark matter. A Compton-suppressed high-purity germanium detector is used to identify γ rays from neutron decay in a nickel-phosphorous-coated stainless-steel bottle. A combination of Monte Carlo and radioactive source calibrations is used to determine the absolute efficiency for detecting γ rays arising from the dark matter decay mode. We exclude the possibility of a sufficiently strong branch to explain the lifetime discrepancy with 97% confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Tang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Blatnik
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L J Broussard
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J H Choi
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - S M Clayton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Cude-Woods
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - S Currie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D E Fellers
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E M Fries
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | - F Gonzalez
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - K P Hickerson
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T M Ito
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C-Y Liu
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - S W T MacDonald
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Makela
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C L Morris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - R W Pattie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Plaster
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - D J Salvat
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - A Saunders
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A R Young
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - B A Zeck
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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14
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Pattie RW, Callahan NB, Cude-Woods C, Adamek ER, Broussard LJ, Clayton SM, Currie SA, Dees EB, Ding X, Engel EM, Fellers DE, Fox W, Geltenbort P, Hickerson KP, Hoffbauer MA, Holley AT, Komives A, Liu CY, MacDonald SWT, Makela M, Morris CL, Ortiz JD, Ramsey J, Salvat DJ, Saunders A, Seestrom SJ, Sharapov EI, Sjue SK, Tang Z, Vanderwerp J, Vogelaar B, Walstrom PL, Wang Z, Wei W, Weaver HL, Wexler JW, Womack TL, Young AR, Zeck BA. Measurement of the neutron lifetime using a magneto-gravitational trap and in situ detection. Science 2018. [PMID: 29731449 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan8895,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The precise value of the mean neutron lifetime, τn, plays an important role in nuclear and particle physics and cosmology. It is used to predict the ratio of protons to helium atoms in the primordial universe and to search for physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. We eliminated loss mechanisms present in previous trap experiments by levitating polarized ultracold neutrons above the surface of an asymmetric storage trap using a repulsive magnetic field gradient so that the stored neutrons do not interact with material trap walls. As a result of this approach and the use of an in situ neutron detector, the lifetime reported here [877.7 ± 0.7 (stat) +0.4/-0.2 (sys) seconds] does not require corrections larger than the quoted uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Pattie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - N B Callahan
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - C Cude-Woods
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.,Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - E R Adamek
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - L J Broussard
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - S M Clayton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - S A Currie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - E B Dees
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - X Ding
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - E M Engel
- West Point Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - D E Fellers
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - W Fox
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | | | - K P Hickerson
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - M A Hoffbauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - A T Holley
- Department of Physics, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA
| | - A Komives
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135-0037, USA
| | - C-Y Liu
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | | | - M Makela
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - C L Morris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J D Ortiz
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J Ramsey
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - D J Salvat
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1560, USA
| | - A Saunders
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - S J Seestrom
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - E I Sharapov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - S K Sjue
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Z Tang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J Vanderwerp
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - B Vogelaar
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - P L Walstrom
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - W Wei
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - H L Weaver
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J W Wexler
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - T L Womack
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - A R Young
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - B A Zeck
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.,Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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15
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Pattie RW, Callahan NB, Cude-Woods C, Adamek ER, Broussard LJ, Clayton SM, Currie SA, Dees EB, Ding X, Engel EM, Fellers DE, Fox W, Geltenbort P, Hickerson KP, Hoffbauer MA, Holley AT, Komives A, Liu CY, MacDonald SWT, Makela M, Morris CL, Ortiz JD, Ramsey J, Salvat DJ, Saunders A, Seestrom SJ, Sharapov EI, Sjue SK, Tang Z, Vanderwerp J, Vogelaar B, Walstrom PL, Wang Z, Wei W, Weaver HL, Wexler JW, Womack TL, Young AR, Zeck BA. Measurement of the neutron lifetime using a magneto-gravitational trap and in situ detection. Science 2018; 360:627-632. [PMID: 29731449 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan8895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The precise value of the mean neutron lifetime, τn, plays an important role in nuclear and particle physics and cosmology. It is used to predict the ratio of protons to helium atoms in the primordial universe and to search for physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. We eliminated loss mechanisms present in previous trap experiments by levitating polarized ultracold neutrons above the surface of an asymmetric storage trap using a repulsive magnetic field gradient so that the stored neutrons do not interact with material trap walls. As a result of this approach and the use of an in situ neutron detector, the lifetime reported here [877.7 ± 0.7 (stat) +0.4/-0.2 (sys) seconds] does not require corrections larger than the quoted uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Pattie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - N B Callahan
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - C Cude-Woods
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.,Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - E R Adamek
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - L J Broussard
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - S M Clayton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - S A Currie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - E B Dees
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - X Ding
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - E M Engel
- West Point Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - D E Fellers
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - W Fox
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | | | - K P Hickerson
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - M A Hoffbauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - A T Holley
- Department of Physics, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA
| | - A Komives
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135-0037, USA
| | - C-Y Liu
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | | | - M Makela
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - C L Morris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J D Ortiz
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J Ramsey
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - D J Salvat
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1560, USA
| | - A Saunders
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - S J Seestrom
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - E I Sharapov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - S K Sjue
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Z Tang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J Vanderwerp
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - B Vogelaar
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - P L Walstrom
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - W Wei
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - H L Weaver
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J W Wexler
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - T L Womack
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - A R Young
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - B A Zeck
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.,Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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16
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Edelman M, Juan O, Navarro A, Golden G, Saunders A. 88P Feasibility of outpatient dinutuximab (D) and irinotecan (I) for second-line treatment of relapsed or refractory small cell lung cancer (RR SCLC): Part 1 of an open-label, randomized, phase 2/3 study. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(18)30363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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18
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Morris CL, Adamek ER, Broussard LJ, Callahan NB, Clayton SM, Cude-Woods C, Currie SA, Ding X, Fox W, Hickerson KP, Hoffbauer MA, Holley AT, Komives A, Liu CY, Makela M, Pattie RW, Ramsey J, Salvat DJ, Saunders A, Seestrom SJ, Sharapov EI, Sjue SK, Tang Z, Vanderwerp J, Vogelaar B, Walstrom PL, Wang Z, Wei W, Wexler JW, Womack TL, Young AR, Zeck BA. A new method for measuring the neutron lifetime using an in situ neutron detector. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:053508. [PMID: 28571423 PMCID: PMC5648580 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a new method for measuring surviving neutrons in neutron lifetime measurements using bottled ultracold neutrons (UCN), which provides better characterization of systematic uncertainties and enables higher precision than previous measurement techniques. An active detector that can be lowered into the trap has been used to measure the neutron distribution as a function of height and measure the influence of marginally trapped UCN on the neutron lifetime measurement. In addition, measurements have demonstrated phase-space evolution and its effect on the lifetime measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Morris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E R Adamek
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - L J Broussard
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - N B Callahan
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - S M Clayton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Cude-Woods
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - S A Currie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - X Ding
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - W Fox
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - K P Hickerson
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M A Hoffbauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A T Holley
- Department of Physics, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - A Komives
- Department of Physics, DePauw University, Greencastle Indiana 46135-0037, USA
| | - C-Y Liu
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - M Makela
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R W Pattie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Ramsey
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D J Salvat
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - A Saunders
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S J Seestrom
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E I Sharapov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980, Russia
| | - S K Sjue
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Z Tang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Vanderwerp
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - B Vogelaar
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - P L Walstrom
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Wanchun Wei
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J W Wexler
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - T L Womack
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A R Young
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - B A Zeck
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Gibbins N, Luckett J, Alexander K, Conroy E, Dixon R, Lang J, Luddington T, Saunders A, Hartley P. The effect of cognitive impairment on functional recovery of elderly patients admitted to medical wards: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.10.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Saunders A. A Comparison of Prenatal Exposures in Children with and Without A Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in an Atlantic Canadian City. Paediatr Child Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/21.supp5.e96a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by varying deficits in social interactions, disordered communication and repetitive behaviour patterns. Signs that a child has autism are present in the early developmental stages and the symptoms cause significant impairment in many areas of functioning, including social, educational/occupational, and performance of everyday activities. There have been established genetic correlates and noticeable heredity with ASD diagnoses, but so far chromosomal genetic changes have only been found in approximately 25% of children with autism who were studied and there was no single variance that predominated. This signifies that there may be other external factors at play for autism to develop from preexisting genetic risk. Current studies suggest that prenatal exposures are more important to future autism diagnoses than those that happen after birth; there appears to be disruption of neuron gene networks in the cell cycle, protein folding, DNA damage repair and cell apoptosis. Potential prenatal triggers are the focus of this study, with interest to one geographical area in Atlantic Canada.
OBJECTIVES: The study focused on the presence of environmental exposures during pregnancy in children who developed autism spectrum disorder and those who did not, with a specific focus on a specific Atlantic Canadian city. Exposures inquired about included: acetaminophen/ paracetamol use, air pollution, fever, parental age, maternal diabetes, prenatal vitamin use, workplace exposures, recreational drug use, seafood consumption, obesity, and maternal thyroid issues.
DESIGN/METHODS: Mothers of children aged 0-10 years were asked to participate in a telephone interview regarding environmental exposures during their pregnancy. This was followed up by a prenatal chart review. There were two groups of participants: 107 from the autism group and 108 from the non-autism group. The data was analyzed with univariate tests and a logistic regression.
RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed significant differences between groups for presence of siblings with ASD, presence of family members with ASD, presence of fever, use of medications, use of cigarettes, and gesta-tional age at the start of prenatal vitamins. Logistic regression analysis found significance with use of medications, use of cigarettes, and gesta-tional age at the start of prenatal vitamins.
CONCLUSION: The use of medications and cigarettes during pregnancy are associated with an increased rate of autism diagnosis. As well, a later starting date for use of prenatal vitamins was associated wth autism. Working towards an understanding of factors that come together to create a diagnosis of autism will be helpful for families, physicians, and allocating government resources.
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Abstract
Community health centers provide comprehensive public health care in some of the most disadvantaged communities in the United States. To ensure that health centers meet the needs of their consumers, they uniquely engage them in their organizational decision-making and policy-development processes by requiring that their boards of directors encompass a 51 percent consumer majority. To understand the quality of board members' experiences, a critical ethnography was conducted using Arnstein's ladder of citizen participation and the socioecological model as a framework. The analysis identified multiple influences on the quality of participation among consumer members. Findings also confirm other research that has found that knowledge of the economic, political, and cultural factors surrounding the context of the individual health center is important to understanding meaningful participation. The experience is important to understand given the shift driven by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 in health care, which emphasizes a patient-entered model of care. Social work practitioners and others in the public health arena interested in empowering consumers to have a role in the provision of services need to understand the impact of each of these areas'and the experience of this unique sample of health center board members.
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22
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Sjue SKL, Mariam FG, Merrill FE, Morris CL, Saunders A. High order magnetic optics for high dynamic range proton radiography at a kinetic energy of 800 MeV. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:015110. [PMID: 26827356 DOI: 10.1063/1.4939822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Flash radiography with 800 MeV kinetic energy protons at Los Alamos National Laboratory is an important experimental tool for investigations of dynamic material behavior driven by high explosives or pulsed power. The extraction of quantitative information about density fields in a dynamic experiment from proton generated images requires a high fidelity model of the proton imaging process. It is shown that accurate calculations of the transmission through the magnetic lens system require terms beyond second order for protons far from the tune energy. The approach used integrates the correlated multiple Coulomb scattering distribution simultaneously over the collimator and the image plane. Comparison with a series of static calibration images demonstrates the model's accurate reproduction of both the transmission and blur over a wide range of tune energies in an inverse identity lens that consists of four quadrupole electromagnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K L Sjue
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F G Mariam
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F E Merrill
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C L Morris
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Saunders
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Spicer J, Awada A, Brunsvig P, Saunders A, Olsen W, Nicolaisen B, Rekdal O, Laruelle M, Marjuadi F, Vakili J, Aftimos P, Barthelemy P, Deva S, Baurain J. 528 Intratumoural treatment with LTX-, an oncolytic peptide immunotherapy, in patients with advanced metastatic disease induces CD8 effector cells and regression in some injected tumours. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Moreno PA, Garcia-Pacheco JL, Charvill J, Lofti A, Langensiepen C, Saunders A, Berckmans K, Gaspersic J, Walton L, Carmona M, Perez de la Camara S, Sanchez-de-Madariaga R, Pozo J, Muñoz A, Pascual M, Gomez EJ. iCarer: AAL for the Informal Carers of the Elderly. Stud Health Technol Inform 2015; 210:678-680. [PMID: 25991237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the long-term care for older adults, informal carers play a key role. Daily competing priorities or a care-skills deficit may lead them to stress, anxiety and/or depression. The iCarer project (AAL-2012-5-239) proposes the design and implementation of a cloud-inspired personalised and adaptive platform which will offer support to informal carers of older adults with cognitive impairment. By means of a holistic approach comprising technologies and services addressing the intelligent and interactive monitoring of activities, knowledge management for personalised guidance and orientation, virtual interaction, e-learning, care coordination facilities and social network services, iCarer aims to reduce the informal carer stress and to enhance the quality of care they provide, thus improving their quality of life. The iCarer platform will be evaluated through a multi-centre non-controlled study (4 months; 48 homes located in England and in Slovenia). Currently the iCarer project is completing the development work. The evaluation trial is expected to start in August 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Moreno
- Grupo de Bioingeniería y Telemedicina, ETSI de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Garcia-Pacheco
- Telemedicine and eHealth Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Charvill
- Tunstall Healthcare Group, Whitley, Yorkshire, U.K
| | - A Lofti
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, U.K
| | - C Langensiepen
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, U.K
| | | | | | - J Gaspersic
- Slovene Federation of Pensioners' Associations, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - L Walton
- Telecare Service, Nottingham City Council, Nottingham, U.K
| | - M Carmona
- Telemedicine and eHealth Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Perez de la Camara
- Telemedicine and eHealth Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J Pozo
- Telemedicine and eHealth Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Muñoz
- Telemedicine and eHealth Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pascual
- Telemedicine and eHealth Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - E J Gomez
- Grupo de Bioingeniería y Telemedicina, ETSI de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Tjulandin S, Moiseyenko V, Semiglazov V, Manikhas G, Learoyd M, Saunders A, Stuart M, Keilholz U. Phase I, dose-finding study of AZD8931, an inhibitor of EGFR (erbB1), HER2 (erbB2) and HER3 (erbB3) signaling, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2013; 32:145-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-013-9963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Abstract
New applications of charged particle radiography have been developed over the past two decades that extend the range of radiographic techniques providing high-speed sequences of radiographs of thicker objects with higher effective dose than can be obtained with conventional radiographic techniques. In this paper, we review the motivation and the development of flash radiography and in particular, charged particle radiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Morris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545, USA
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27
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Morris CL, Bourke M, Byler DD, Chen CF, Hogan G, Hunter JF, Kwiatkowski K, Mariam FG, McClellan KJ, Merrill F, Morley DJ, Saunders A. Qualitative comparison of bremsstrahlung X-rays and 800 MeV protons for tomography of urania fuel pellets. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:023902. [PMID: 23464222 DOI: 10.1063/1.4789947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present an assessment of x-rays and proton tomography as tools for studying the time dependence of the development of damage in fuel rods. We also show data taken with existing facilities at Los Alamos National Laboratory that support this assessment. Data on surrogate fuel rods have been taken using the 800 MeV proton radiography (pRad) facility at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), and with a 450 keV bremsstrahlung X-ray tomography facility. The proton radiography pRad facility at LANSCE can provide good position resolution (<70 μm has been demonstrate, 20 μm seems feasible with minor changes) for tomography on activated fuel rods. Bremsstrahlung x-rays may be able to provide better than 100 μm resolution but further development of sources, collimation, and detectors is necessary for x-rays to deal with the background radiation for tomography of activated fuel rods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Morris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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28
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Saunders A, Makela M, Bagdasarova Y, Back HO, Boissevain J, Broussard LJ, Bowles TJ, Carr R, Currie SA, Filippone B, García A, Geltenbort P, Hickerson KP, Hill RE, Hoagland J, Hoedl S, Holley AT, Hogan G, Ito TM, Lamoreaux S, Liu CY, Liu J, Mammei RR, Martin J, Melconian D, Mendenhall MP, Morris CL, Mortensen RN, Pattie RW, Pitt M, Plaster B, Ramsey J, Rios R, Sallaska A, Seestrom SJ, Sharapov EI, Sjue S, Sondheim WE, Teasdale W, Young AR, VornDick B, Vogelaar RB, Wang Z, Xu Y. Performance of the Los Alamos National Laboratory spallation-driven solid-deuterium ultra-cold neutron source. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:013304. [PMID: 23387639 DOI: 10.1063/1.4770063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the performance of the Los Alamos spallation-driven solid-deuterium ultra-cold neutron (UCN) source. Measurements of the cold neutron flux, the very low energy neutron production rate, and the UCN rates and density at the exit from the biological shield are presented and compared to Monte Carlo predictions. The cold neutron rates compare well with predictions from the Monte Carlo code MCNPX and the UCN rates agree with our custom UCN Monte Carlo code. The source is shown to perform as modeled. The maximum delivered UCN density at the exit from the biological shield is 52(9) UCN/cc with a solid deuterium volume of ~1500 cm(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saunders
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
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29
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Holley AT, Broussard LJ, Davis JL, Hickerson K, Ito TM, Liu CY, Lyles JTM, Makela M, Mammei RR, Mendenhall MP, Morris CL, Mortensen R, Pattie RW, Rios R, Saunders A, Young AR. A high-field adiabatic fast passage ultracold neutron spin flipper for the UCNA experiment. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:073505. [PMID: 22852693 DOI: 10.1063/1.4732822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The UCNA collaboration is making a precision measurement of the β asymmetry (A) in free neutron decay using polarized ultracold neutrons (UCN). A critical component of this experiment is an adiabatic fast passage neutron spin flipper capable of efficient operation in ambient magnetic fields on the order of 1 T. The requirement that it operate in a high field necessitated the construction of a free neutron spin flipper based, for the first time, on a birdcage resonator. The design, construction, and initial testing of this spin flipper prior to its use in the first measurement of A with UCN during the 2007 run cycle of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center's 800 MeV proton accelerator is detailed. These studies determined the flipping efficiency of the device, averaged over the UCN spectrum present at the location of the spin flipper, to be ̅ε=0.9985(4).
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Holley
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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30
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Merrill FE, Campos E, Espinoza C, Hogan G, Hollander B, Lopez J, Mariam FG, Morley D, Morris CL, Murray M, Saunders A, Schwartz C, Thompson TN. Magnifying lens for 800 MeV proton radiography. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:103709. [PMID: 22047305 DOI: 10.1063/1.3652974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the design and performance of a magnifying magnetic-lens system designed, built, and commissioned at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) for 800 MeV flash proton radiography. The technique of flash proton radiography has been developed at LANL to study material properties under dynamic loading conditions through the analysis of time sequences of proton radiographs. The requirements of this growing experimental program have resulted in the need for improvements in spatial radiographic resolution. To meet these needs, a new magnetic lens system, consisting of four permanent magnet quadrupoles, has been developed. This new lens system was designed to reduce the second order chromatic aberrations, the dominant source of image blur in 800 MeV proton radiography, as well as magnifying the image to reduce the blur contribution from the detector and camera systems. The recently commissioned lens system performed as designed, providing nearly a factor of three improvement in radiographic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Merrill
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA.
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31
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Keilholz U, Moiseyenko V, Makhson A, Semiglazov V, Learoyd M, Saunders A, Stuart M, Tjulandin S. Phase I, dose-finding study of monotherapy with AZD8931, an inhibitor of ErbB1, 2, and 3 signaling, in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.3097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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32
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Lopez-Martin JA, Vidal Losada M, Cortes J, Bermejo B, Lluch Fernandez A, Learoyd M, Saunders A, Stuart M, Baselga J. Phase I, dose-finding study of AZD8931, an inhibitor of ErbB1, 2, and 3 receptor signaling, in combination with paclitaxel (P). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.3105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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33
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Liu J, Mendenhall MP, Holley AT, Back HO, Bowles TJ, Broussard LJ, Carr R, Clayton S, Currie S, Filippone BW, García A, Geltenbort P, Hickerson KP, Hoagland J, Hogan GE, Hona B, Ito TM, Liu CY, Makela M, Mammei RR, Martin JW, Melconian D, Morris CL, Pattie RW, Pérez Galván A, Pitt ML, Plaster B, Ramsey JC, Rios R, Russell R, Saunders A, Seestrom SJ, Sondheim WE, Tatar E, Vogelaar RB, VornDick B, Wrede C, Yan H, Young AR. Determination of the axial-vector weak coupling constant with ultracold neutrons. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:181803. [PMID: 21231098 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.181803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A precise measurement of the neutron decay β asymmetry A₀ has been carried out using polarized ultracold neutrons from the pulsed spallation ultracold neutron source at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. Combining data obtained in 2008 and 2009, we report A₀ = -0.119 66±0.000 89{-0.001 40}{+0.001 23}, from which we determine the ratio of the axial-vector to vector weak coupling of the nucleon g{A}/g{V}=-1.275 90{-0.004 45}{+0.004 09}.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Blumenthal P, Eber M, Cooley T, Saunders A, Bixiones C, Clemente C. Revitalizing long-acting reversible contraceptives in settings with high unmet need: a multi-country experience matching demand creation and service delivery. Contraception 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Pattie RW, Anaya J, Back HO, Boissevain JG, Bowles TJ, Broussard LJ, Carr R, Clark DJ, Currie S, Du S, Filippone BW, Geltenbort P, García A, Hawari A, Hickerson KP, Hill R, Hino M, Hoedl SA, Hogan GE, Holley AT, Ito TM, Kawai T, Kirch K, Kitagaki S, Lamoreaux SK, Liu CY, Liu J, Makela M, Mammei RR, Martin JW, Melconian D, Meier N, Mendenhall MP, Morris CL, Mortensen R, Pichlmaier A, Pitt ML, Plaster B, Ramsey JC, Rios R, Sabourov K, Sallaska AL, Saunders A, Schmid R, Seestrom S, Servicky C, Sjue SKL, Smith D, Sondheim WE, Tatar E, Teasdale W, Terai C, Tipton B, Utsuro M, Vogelaar RB, Wehring BW, Xu YP, Young AR, Yuan J. First measurement of the neutron beta asymmetry with ultracold neutrons. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:012301. [PMID: 19257182 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.012301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurement of an angular correlation parameter in neutron beta decay using polarized ultracold neutrons (UCN). We utilize UCN with energies below about 200 neV, which we guide and store for approximately 30 s in a Cu decay volume. The interaction of the neutron magnetic dipole moment with a static 7 T field external to the decay volume provides a 420 neV potential energy barrier to the spin state parallel to the field, polarizing the UCN before they pass through an adiabatic fast passage spin flipper and enter a decay volume, situated within a 1 T field in a 2x2pi solenoidal spectrometer. We determine a value for the beta-asymmetry parameter A_{0}=-0.1138+/-0.0046+/-0.0021.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Pattie
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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36
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Gu AZ, Saunders A, Neethling JB, Stensel HD, Blackall LL. Functionally relevant microorganisms to enhanced biological phosphorus removal performance at full-scale wastewater treatment plants in the United States. Water Environ Res 2008; 80:688-698. [PMID: 18751532 DOI: 10.2175/106143008x276741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The abundance and relevance ofAccumulibacter phosphatis (presumed to be polyphosphate-accumulating organisms [PAOs]), Competibacter phosphatis (presumed to be glycogen-accumulating organisms [GAOs]), and tetrad-forming organisms (TFOs) to phosphorus removal performance at six full-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) wastewater treatment plants were investigated. Coexistence of various levels of candidate PAOs and GAOs were found at these facilities. Accumulibacter were found to be 5 to 20% of the total bacterial population, and Competibacter were 0 to 20% of the total bacteria population. The TFO abundance varied from nondetectable to dominant. Anaerobic phosphorus (P) release to acetate uptake ratios (P(rel)/HAc(up)) obtained from bench tests were correlated positively with the abundance ratio of Accumulibacter/(Competibacter +TFOs) and negatively with the abundance of (Competibacter +TFOs) for all plants except one, suggesting the relevance of these candidate organisms to EBPR processes. However, effluent phosphorus concentration, amount of phosphorus removed, and process stability in an EBPR system were not directly related to high PAO abundance or mutually exclusive with a high GAO fraction. The plant that had the lowest average effluent phosphorus and highest stability rating had the lowest P(rel)/HAc(up) and the most TFOs. Evaluation of full-scale EBPR performance data indicated that low effluent phosphorus concentration and high process stability are positively correlated with the influent readily biodegradable chemical oxygen demand-to-phosphorus ratio. A system-level carbon-distribution-based conceptual model is proposed for capturing the dynamic competition between PAOs and GAOs and their effect on an EBPR process, and the results from this study seem to support the model hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Z Gu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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37
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Smilowitz L, Henson BF, Romero JJ, Asay BW, Schwartz CL, Saunders A, Merrill FE, Morris CL, Kwiatkowski K, Hogan G, Nedrow P, Murray MM, Thompson TN, McNeil W, Rightley P, Marr-Lyon M. Direct observation of the phenomenology of a solid thermal explosion using time-resolved proton radiography. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:228301. [PMID: 18643466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.228301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a new phenomenology for burn propagation inside a thermal explosion based on dynamic radiography. Radiographic images were obtained of an aluminum cased solid cylindrical sample of a plastic bonded formulation of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine. The phenomenology observed is ignition followed by cracking in the solid accompanied by the propagation of a radially symmetric front of increasing proton transmission. This is followed by a further increase in transmission through the sample, ending after approximately 100 micros. We show that these processes are consistent with the propagation of a convective burn front followed by consumption of the remaining solid by conductive particle burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Smilowitz
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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38
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Atchison F, Blau B, Bodek K, van den Brandt B, Bryś T, Daum M, Fierlinger P, Frei A, Geltenbort P, Hautle P, Henneck R, Heule S, Holley A, Kasprzak M, Kirch K, Knecht A, Konter JA, Kuźniak M, Liu CY, Morris CL, Pichlmaier A, Plonka C, Pokotilovski Y, Saunders A, Shin Y, Tortorella D, Wohlmuther M, Young AR, Zejma J, Zsigmond G. Cold neutron energy dependent production of ultracold neutrons in solid deuterium. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:262502. [PMID: 18233572 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.262502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A measurement of the production of ultracold neutrons from velocity-selected cold neutrons on gaseous and solid deuterium targets is reported. The expected energy dependence for two-particle collisions with well defined neutron and Maxwell-Boltzmann distributed molecular velocities is found for the gas target. The solid target data agree in shape with the phonon density-of-states curve and provide strong evidence for the phonon model including multiphonon excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Atchison
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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39
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Gu AZ, Saunders A, Neethling J, Stensel HD, Blackall LL. INVESTIGATION OF PAOs AND GAOs AND THEIR EFFECTS ON EBPR PERFORMANCE AT FULL-SCALE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS IN U.S. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.2175/193864705783867116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Valach F, Saunders A, Cowley A, Watkin DJ. Crystal structure of bis(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzoato)bis(pyridine)copper(II), CU(C7H3ClFO2)2(C5NH5)2. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2003. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2003.218.jg.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Valach
- 1Slovak University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Department of Chemical Physics, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - A. Saunders
- 2Chemical Crystallography Laboratory, 9 Parks Road, Oxford, 0X1 3PD, UK
| | - A. Cowley
- 2Chemical Crystallography Laboratory, 9 Parks Road, Oxford, 0X1 3PD, UK
| | - D. J. Watkin
- 2Chemical Crystallography Laboratory, 9 Parks Road, Oxford, 0X1 3PD, UK
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41
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the significance of ultrasonographically detected hypoechoic lesions of the testis when the clinical examination is normal, and to highlight the management difficulties thereafter. PATIENTS AND METHODS Over a 2-year period four patients underwent radical orchidectomy where the sole indication for surgery was a hypoechoic lesion detected on ultrasonography (US). The indications for US were persistent scrotal discomfort in two men, contralateral orchitis, and the follow-up of testicular microlithiasis. The lesions were 4-11 mm in size and one man had several. None of the lesions were palpable; the tumour markers were normal in all patients. RESULTS Three of the testes contained seminoma; in one there were two foci of seminoma and in all intratubular germ cell neoplasia was also identified. The remaining case was a Leydig-cell tumour. All tumours were staged as pT1 after radical inguinal orchidectomy. CONCLUSION Impalpable lesions of the testis are likely to be malignant if they are hypoechoic on US and should be considered as seminoma until proved otherwise. The management thereafter is not straightforward, but must ensure an adequate histological diagnosis if the US appearances do not resolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Hindley
- Department of Urology, Guy's Hospital, St Thomas Street, London, UK.
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42
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Valach F, Saunders A, Cowley A, Watkin DJ. Crystal structure of bis(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzoato)bis(pyridine)copper(II), Cu(C7H3ClFO2)2(C5NH5)2. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2003. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2003.218.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Sakr M, Kendall R, Angus J, Sanders A, Nicholl J, Wardrope J, Saunders A. Emergency nurse practitioners: a three part study in clinical and cost effectiveness. Emerg Med J 2003; 20:158-63. [PMID: 12642530 PMCID: PMC1726060 DOI: 10.1136/emj.20.2.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the clinical effectiveness and costs of minor injury services provided by nurse practitioners with minor injury care provided by an accident and emergency (A&E) department. METHODS A three part prospective study in a city where an A&E department was closing and being replaced by a nurse led minor injury unit (MIU). The first part of the study took a sample of patients attending the A&E department. The second part of the study was a sample of patients from a nurse led MIU that had replaced the A&E department. In each of these samples the clinical effectiveness was judged by comparing the "gold standard" of a research assessment with the clinical assessment. Primary outcome measures were the number of errors in clinical assessment, treatment, and disposal. The third part of the study used routine data whose collection had been prospectively configured to assess the costs and cost consequences of both models of care. RESULTS The minor injury unit produced a safe service where the total package of care was equal to or in some cases better than the A&E care. Significant process errors were made in 191 of 1447 (13.2%) patients treated by medical staff in the A&E department and 126 of 1313 (9.6%) of patients treated by nurse practitioners in the MIU. Very significant errors were rare (one error). Waiting times were much better at the MIU (mean MIU 19 minutes, A&E department 56.4 minutes). The revenue costs were greater in the MIU (MIU pound 41.1, A&E department pound 40.01) and there was a great difference in the rates of follow up and with the nurses referring 47% of patients for follow up and the A&E department referring only 27%. Thus the costs and cost consequences were greater for MIU care compared with A&E care (MIU pound 12.7 per minor injury case, A&E department pound 9.66 per minor injury case). CONCLUSION A nurse practitioner minor injury service can provide a safe and effective service for the treatment of minor injury. However, the costs of such a service are greater and there seems to be an increased use of outpatient services.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sakr
- Accident and Emergency Department, Northern General Hospital, Herries Road, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
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Morris CL, Anaya JM, Bowles TJ, Filippone BW, Geltenbort P, Hill RE, Hino M, Hoedl S, Hogan GE, Ito TM, Kawai T, Kirch K, Lamoreaux SK, Liu CY, Makela M, Marek LJ, Martin JW, Mortensen RN, Pichlmaier A, Saunders A, Seestrom SJ, Smith D, Teasdale W, Tipton B, Utsuro M, Young AR, Yuan J. Measurements of ultracold-neutron lifetimes in solid deuterium. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:272501. [PMID: 12513198 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.272501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2001] [Revised: 09/03/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present the first measurements of the survival time of ultracold neutrons (UCNs) in solid deuterium (SD2). This critical parameter provides a fundamental limitation to the effectiveness of superthermal UCN sources that utilize solid ortho-deuterium as the source material. These measurements are performed utilizing a SD2 source coupled to a spallation source of neutrons, providing a demonstration of UCN production in this geometry and permitting systematic studies of the influence of thermal up-scatter and contamination with para-deuterium on the UCN survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Morris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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45
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Valentino RJ, Rudoy C, Saunders A, Liu XB, Van Bockstaele EJ. Corticotropin-releasing factor is preferentially colocalized with excitatory rather than inhibitory amino acids in axon terminals in the peri-locus coeruleus region. Neuroscience 2002; 106:375-84. [PMID: 11566507 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF)-immunoreactive terminals form synaptic specializations with locus coeruleus (LC) dendrites in rat brain. Within these terminals, CRF-immunoreactive dense core vesicles are colocalized with non-labeled dense core vesicles and clear vesicles, implicating other neuromodulators in the actions of CRF on LC neurons. Excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (GABA) amino acid afferents to the LC, have been identified which regulate noradrenergic responses to sensory stimuli. This study was designed to determine whether these amino acid neurotransmitters are colocalized with CRF in terminals within the LC/peri-LC region in the rat. Sections through the LC region that were dually labeled using immunohistochemical techniques to visualize either CRF and glutamate or CRF and GABA were examined using electron microscopy. Numerous terminals that contained immunolabeling for both CRF and glutamate (e.g. 30% of 106 CRF-immunoreactive terminals and 13% of 232 glutamate-immunolabeled terminals) were observed in the peri-LC. Additionally, single labeled CRF and glutamate terminals were often apposed to one another or found to converge on common dendritic targets. In contrast, relatively few terminals exhibited immunolabeling for both GABA and CRF (5% of 317 CRF-immunoreactive terminals). However, evidence for a postsynaptic effect of CRF on GABA-containing profiles included synapses between CRF axon terminals and GABA-labeled dendrites (10% of 317 CRF-labeled terminals), as well as appositions between CRF- and GABA-labeled terminals. These results indicate that CRF is preferentially colocalized with glutamate in the rostrolateral LC region and may impact on glutamate neurotransmission in the LC via presynaptic or postsynaptic actions. They argue against colocalization of CRF with GABA, although CRF may modulate GABA release via postsynaptic effects in the peri-LC region.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Valentino
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 410 Abramson Pediatric Research Center, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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46
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Batstone DJ, Landelli J, Saunders A, Webb RI, Blackall LL, Keller J. The influence of calcium on granular sludge in a full-scale UASB treating paper mill wastewater. Water Sci Technol 2002; 45:187-193. [PMID: 12188542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Calcium precipitation can have a number of effects on the performance of high-rate anaerobic performance including cementing of the sludge bed, limiting diffusion, and diluting the active biomass. The aim of this study was to observe the influence of precipitation in a stable full-scale system fed with high-calcium paper factory wastewater. Granules were examined from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (volume 1,805 m3) at a recycled paper mill with a loading rate of 5.7-6.6 kgCOD.m(-3).d(-1) and influent calcium concentration of 400-700 gCa m(-3). The granules were relatively small (1 mm), with a 200-400 microm core of calcium precipitate as observed with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Compared to other granules, Methanomicrobiales not Methanobacteriales were the dominant hydrogen or formate utilisers, and putative acidogens were filamentous. The strength of the paper mill fed granules was very high when compared to granules from other full-scale reactors, and a partial linear correlation between granule strength and calcium concentration was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Batstone
- Advanced Wastewater Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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47
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Van Bockstaele EJ, Saunders A, Commons KG, Liu XB, Peoples J. Evidence for coexistence of enkephalin and glutamate in axon terminals and cellular sites for functional interactions of their receptors in the rat locus coeruleus. J Comp Neurol 2000; 417:103-14. [PMID: 10660891 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(20000131)417:1<103::aid-cne8>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The authors previously showed that a subset of axon terminals in the locus coeruleus (LC) contains methionine5-enkephalin (ENK) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunoreactivities. However, numerous ENK-labeled terminals lacked GABA and exhibited synaptic specializations that were characteristic of excitatory-type transmitters. To determine whether ENK coexists with glutamate in the LC, preembedding immunoperoxidase detection of ENK or immunogold-silver was combined with postembedding identification of glutamate using a gold marker. Indeed, 28% of the ENK-labeled axon terminals examined (n = 250 axon terminals) also contained glutamate. To define further sites for functional interactions between opiate ligands and excitatory amino acid receptors, the ultrastructural localization of the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) was examined with respect to either the kainate receptor (KAR) or the R1 subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NR1)-type glutamate receptor in the LC. Gold-silver labeling for MOR and peroxidase labeling for either KAR or NR1 indicated that the MOR often was localized to the plasma membrane of dendrites that also exhibited immunolabeling for either glutamate receptor subtype. In contrast to the KAR, which was identified primarily in somata and dendrites, NR1 immunoreactivity also was found frequently in axon terminals as well as in glial processes. Glial processes containing NR1 occasionally exhibited immunolabeling for MOR and sometimes were directly apposed to MOR-containing dendrites in the LC. Furthermore, NR1-labeled receptors in axon terminals sometimes were presynaptic to MOR-labeled dendrites. The authors concluded that ENK and glutamate may be cotransmitters in LC afferents. Moreover, ligands at the KAR may modulate directly MOR-containing neurons in the LC, whereas actions at NR1 receptors may affect opioid-sensitive neurons through multiple cellular mechanisms, i.e., through presynaptic, postsynaptic, or glial actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Van Bockstaele
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
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Van Bockstaele EJ, Saunders A, Telegan P, Page ME. Localization of mu-opioid receptors to locus coeruleus-projecting neurons in the rostral medulla: morphological substrates and synaptic organization. Synapse 1999; 34:154-67. [PMID: 10502314 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2396(199911)34:2<154::aid-syn8>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The increase in discharge activity of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons following precipitated opiate withdrawal has been reported to be caused, in part, by excitatory amino acid release most likely originating from the nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis (PGCl) in the rostral ventral medulla. Activation of glutamate-containing neurons in the PGCl may depend on changes in the occupancy of opioid receptive sites located on LC-projecting neurons which subsequently effect excitatory amino acid release in the LC during opiate withdrawal. To determine whether the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) is localized to plasmalemmal sites of LC-projecting neurons in the PGCl, we combined retrograde transport of the protein-gold tracer, wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated to inactive horseradish peroxidase (WGA-AU-apoHRP), from the LC with immunocytochemical detection of MOR in the same section of tissue throughout the rostral medulla. Light microscopic analysis indicated that neurons containing either the retrograde tracer or immunoperoxidase labeling for the MOR were numerous throughout the ventral medulla and that individual PGCl neurons contained both WGA-Au-apoHRP as well as MOR. By electron microscopy, WGA-Au-apoHRP was commonly identified in lysosomes within somata and large proximal dendrites. The somata contained either spherical or invaginated nuclei and were often surrounded by numerous myelinated axons. Gold deposits could also be identified in the cytoplasm of smaller dendritic processes in the PGCl, although these were not necessarily associated with lysosomes. The smaller dendritic processes were often the target of afferent input by axon terminals containing heterogeneous types of synaptic vesicles. Of 150 cellular profiles exhibiting WGA-Au-apoHRP retrograde labeling, 31% contained immunoperoxidase labeling for MOR. These results indicate that the MOR is distributed along plasmalemmal sites of morphologically diverse neurons in the PGCl which project to the LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Van Bockstaele
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
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Abstract
Opiates are commonly abused substances, and forensic urine drug-testing for them requires gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) confirmation. There are also medical reasons to test urine for opiates, and confirmation procedures other than GC-MS are often used for medical drug-testing. A thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method distinguishes morphine, acetylmorphine, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, codeine, dihydrocodeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone in clinical specimens. In certain clinical circumstances, GC-MS confirmation is requested for opiates identified by TLC, but, to our knowledge, no previous report examines all of the above opiates in a single GC-MS procedure. We find that they can be distinguished by GC-MS analyses of trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether derivatives, and identities of 6-keto opiates can be further confirmed by GC-MS analysis of methoxime (MO)-TMS derivatives. Inclusion of deuterium-labeled internal standards permits identification of the opiates in urine at concentrations below the TLC cutoff level of 600 ng/ml, and the GC-MS assay is linear over a concentration range that spans that level. This GC-MS procedure has proved useful as a third-stage identification step in a medical drug-testing sequence involving prior immunoassay and TLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Nowatzke
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Abstract
A soft tissue expander is surgically inserted into the body to displace radiosensitive organs from the treatment field in a small number of patients receiving radiotherapy for musculoskeletal sarcoma. MRI is routinely used to monitor the response to the radiotherapy, local recurrence and complications of treatment. This study retrospectively reviews MRI of soft tissue expanders in seven patients with musculoskeletal sarcomas; six arising in the pelvis and one in the retroperitoneum. In the absence of an appropriate clinical history, the soft tissue expander may be mistaken for a pathological fluid collection such as abscess, post-operative seroma or even recurrent tumour. MRI of the soft tissue expanders and potential errors in image interpretation are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saunders
- MRI Centre, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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