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Kok VC, Horng JT, Wang MN, Chen ZY, Kuo JT, Hung GD. Gout as a risk factor for osteoporosis: epidemiologic evidence from a population-based longitudinal study involving 108,060 individuals. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:973-985. [PMID: 29383389 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Is gout a risk factor for future osteoporosis? This large population-based study comprising two matched groups of individuals with and without gout demonstrates that patients with gout have a 20% increase in the risk of developing osteoporosis in future through an 8-year follow-up. INTRODUCTION To examine if gout is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. METHODS We conducted a nationwide population-based retrospective matched-cohort study. Two matched cohorts (n = 36,458 with gout and 71,602 without gout) assembled and recruited from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Dataset containing 1 million subjects. Exclusion criteria were missing data, age < 20 years, short follow-up period, and pre-existing osteoporosis. Both cohorts were followed up until incident osteoporosis, death, or the end of the study. Person-year data and incidence rates were evaluated. A multivariable Cox model was used to derive an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) after controlling for socioeconomic proxy, geographical difference, glucocorticoid and allopurinol exposure, various prespecified medical conditions, and comorbidities. RESULTS Men comprised 72.8% of the cohorts. With a follow-up of 183,729 and 359,900 person-years for the gout and non-gout cohorts, 517 and 811 incidents of osteoporosis occurred, respectively, after excluding osteoporosis incidents in the first 3 years of follow-up. The cumulative incidence of osteoporosis was statistically higher in the gout cohort than in the non-gout cohort, at 3.3 versus 2.1% (P = 0.0036, log-rank). Our Cox model showed a 1.2-fold increase in the incidence of osteoporosis in the gout cohort, with an aHR of 1.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.35). CONCLUSIONS This first population-based epidemiologic study supports the hypothesis that compared with individuals without gout; those with gout have a modest increase in the risk of developing osteoporosis in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Kok
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, 117 Sha-Tien Road, Taichung, 43303, Taiwan.
- Disease Informatics Research Group, Asia University Taiwan, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
| | - J-T Horng
- Disease Informatics Research Group, Asia University Taiwan, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - M N Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Tachia, Taichung, 43761, Taiwan
- College of Medicine & Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, 43302, Taiwan
| | - Z-Y Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - J-T Kuo
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - G-D Hung
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allery, Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, 43303, Taiwan
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Chang HC, Horng JT, Chau TT, Chen YW, Hsieh CF, Chang CW, Hsiao TM. Relationship between Changes in Components Associated with Metabolic Syndrome and Disappearance, or Remission, of Metabolic Syndrome during 1 Year. J Int Med Res 2012; 40:2311-20. [DOI: 10.1177/030006051204000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Prior research has focused on the relationship between weight change and incidence of metabolic syndrome. Change in body mass index (BMI), components of metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome status were investigated over 1 year of follow-up. Methods: Subjects with metabolic syndrome from a community health screening project were recruited. Logistic regression was used to analyse the disappearance or remission of metabolic syndrome during 1 year according to changes in BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Results: The study included 490 subjects with metabolic syndrome. After 1 year, metabolic syndrome had disappeared in 30.0% (147/490) of subjects. Decreased triglycerides, blood pressure and HDL-C were significantly associated with the 1-year disappearance of metabolic syndrome, whereas BMI, waist circumference and FPG levels were not. Conclusions: Short-term weight reduction has no impact on the status of metabolic syndrome. The disappearance of metabolic syndrome was common during a 1-year follow-up. This finding might impact on the treatment and management of people with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-C Chang
- Department of Community Medicine, Taiwan Landseed Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Health Care Management, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - J-T Horng
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taiwan
| | - T-T Chau
- Department of Community Medicine, Taiwan Landseed Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Y-W Chen
- Department of Neurology, Taiwan Landseed Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-F Hsieh
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Taiwan Landseed Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - C-W Chang
- Department of Information Management, Hsing Wu College, Taiwan
| | - T-M Hsiao
- Department of Community Medicine, Taiwan Landseed Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Cheng KF, Lin WJ, Chen JH, Horng JT. A powerful two-stage association test using case-control and case-parents genotype data. Hum Hered 2009; 68:278-87. [PMID: 19622894 DOI: 10.1159/000228925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The performance of association tests based on case-control or case-parents substudy alone can be improved by jointly using genetic data from two substudies. However, genetic data from different sources may not be combinable due to population stratification. We propose a two-stage association test based on using combinability tests in stage 1 and association tests in stage 2. METHODS The combinability tests are designed for testing that genotype data from different sources have same genotype frequencies and relative risks. The association tests are well known tests in the literature. We propose a method to adjust the significance levels at two stages so that the overall type I error rate of the two-stage test can be controlled at the desired level. RESULTS The simulation results confirm that the two-stage test has empirical type I error rates approximately equal to the predetermined levels while making substantially fewer false negatives than the usual test based only on case-parents substudy. CONCLUSION It is advantageous to combinecase-control and case-parents data into a single analysis.The two-stage test has significant power improvement when the family-based test has weak or moderate power performance and is robust to the effect of population stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Cheng
- Biostatistics Center and Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Abstract
A robust evolutionary approach, called the Family Competition Evolutionary Algorithm (FCEA), is described for the synthesis of optical thin-film designs. Based on family competition and adaptive rules, the proposed approach consists of global and local strategies by integrating decreasing mutations and self-adaptive mutations. The method is applied to three different optical coating designs with complex spectral quantities. Numerical results indicate that the proposed approach performs very robustly and is very competitive with other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology and Institute of Bioinformatics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan.
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Abstract
In this paper, we present a new evolutionary technique to train three general neural networks. Based on family competition principles and adaptive rules, the proposed approach integrates decreasing-based mutations and self-adaptive mutations to collaborate with each other. Different mutations act as global and local strategies respectively to balance the trade-off between solution quality and convergence speed. Our algorithm is then applied to three different task domains: Boolean functions, regular language recognition, and artificial ant problems. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is very competitive with comparable evolutionary algorithms. We also discuss the search power of our proposed approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Yang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC.
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Abstract
Reconstitution of synaptic vesicle formation in vitro has revealed a pathway of synaptic vesicle biogenesis from endosomes that requires the heterotetrameric adaptor complex AP3. Because synaptic vesicles have a distinct protein composition, the AP3 complex should selectively recognize some or all of the synaptic vesicle proteins. Here we show that one element of this recognition process is the v-SNARE, VAMP-2, because tetanus toxin, which cleaves VAMP-2, inhibited the formation of synaptic vesicles and their coating with AP3 in vitro. Mutant tetanus toxin and botulinum toxins, which cleave t-SNAREs, did not inhibit synaptic vesicle production. AP3-containing complexes isolated from coated vesicles could be immunoprecipitated by a VAMP-2 antibody. These data imply that AP3 recognizes a component of the fusion machinery, which may prevent the production of inert synaptic vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Salem
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0534, USA
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Abstract
Neuroendocrine PC12 cells contain small microvesicles that closely resemble synaptic vesicles in their physical and chemical properties. Two defining characteristics of synaptic vesicles are their homogeneous size and their unique protein composition. Since synaptic vesicles arise by endocytosis from the plasma membrane, nerve terminals and PC12 cells must contain the molecular machinery to sort synaptic vesicles from other membrane proteins and pinch off vesicles of the correct diameter from a precursor compartment. A cell-free reconstitution system was developed that generates vesicles from PC12 membrane precursors in the presence of ATP and brain cytosol and is temperature dependent. At 15 degrees C, surface-labeled synaptic vesicle proteins accumulate in a donor compartment, while labeled synaptic vesicles cannot be detected. The block of synaptic vesicle formation at 15 degrees C enables the use of the monoclonal antibody, KT3, a specific marker for the epitope-tagged synaptic vesicle protein, VAMP-TAg, to label precursors in the synaptic vesicle biogenesis pathway. From membranes labeled in vivo at 15 degrees C, vesicles generated in vitro at 37 degreesC had the sedimentation characteristics of neuroendocrine synaptic vesicles on glycerol velocity gradients, and excluded the transferrin receptor. Therefore, vesiculation and sorting can be studied in this cell-free system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Clift-O'Grady
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Hormone Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143-0534, USA
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Abstract
We have studied the import of proteins into glyoxysomes in vitro and show that this process is specifically inhibited by NADPH. NADPH affects both binding and translocation of proteins into glyoxysomes, and inhibition is determined by the ratio of NADP+ to NADPH. The site of action of NADPH is most likely within the glyoxysome because (1) pretreatment of glyoxysomes with NADPH, followed by re-isolation of the organelles prior to the import assay, resulted in inhibition of import that could be restored by the addition of NADP+; (2) low concentrations of NADPH inhibited binding of proteins to broken glyoxysome membranes. The sensitivity of protein import to inhibition by NADPH declines as glyoxysomes are converted to leaf-type peroxisomes. A model is proposed that speculates on a possible role for NADPH in regulating protein import into plant peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Pool
- Centre for Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Leeds, UK
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Abstract
Synaptic vesicles can be coated in vitro in a reaction that is ARF-, ATP-, and temperature-dependent and requires synaptic vesicle membrane proteins. The coat is largely made up of the heterotetrameric complex, adaptor protein 3, recently implicated in Golgi-to-vacuole traffic in yeast. Depletion of AP3 from brain cytosol inhibits small vesicle formation from PC12 endosomes in vitro. Budding from washed membranes can be reconstituted with purified AP3 and recombinant ARF1. We conclude that AP3 coating is involved in at least one pathway of small vesicle formation from endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Faúndez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Hormone Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0534, USA
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Faúndez V, Horng JT, Kelly RB. ADP ribosylation factor 1 is required for synaptic vesicle budding in PC12 cells. J Cell Biol 1997; 138:505-15. [PMID: 9245782 PMCID: PMC2141633 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.138.3.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/1997] [Revised: 06/11/1997] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carrier vesicle generation from donor membranes typically progresses through a GTP-dependent recruitment of coats to membranes. Here we explore the role of ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) 1, one of the GTP-binding proteins that recruit coats, in the production of neuroendocrine synaptic vesicles (SVs) from PC12 cell membranes. Brefeldin A (BFA) strongly and reversibly inhibited SV formation in vivo in three different PC12 cell lines expressing vesicle-associated membrane protein-T Antigen derivatives. Other membrane traffic events remained unaffected by the drug, and the BFA effects were not mimicked by drugs known to interfere with formation of other classes of vesicles. The involvement of ARF proteins in the budding of SVs was addressed in a cell-free reconstitution system (Desnos, C., L. Clift-O'Grady, and R.B. Kelly. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 130:1041-1049). A peptide spanning the effector domain of human ARF1 (2-17) and recombinant ARF1 mutated in its GTPase activity, both inhibited the formation of SVs of the correct size. During in vitro incubation in the presence of the mutant ARFs, the labeled precursor membranes acquired different densities, suggesting that the two ARF mutations block at different biosynthetic steps. Cell-free SV formation in the presence of a high molecular weight, ARF-depleted fraction from brain cytosol was significantly enhanced by the addition of recombinant myristoylated native ARF1. Thus, the generation of SVs from PC12 cell membranes requires ARF and uses its GTPase activity, probably to regulate coating phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Faúndez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Hormone Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0534, USA
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Horng JT, Behari R, Burke LE, Baker A. Investigation of the energy requirement and targeting signal for the import of glycolate oxidase into glyoxysomes. Eur J Biochem 1995; 230:157-63. [PMID: 7601095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of glycolate oxidase into peroxisomes has been studied using an in vitro import system. Import of glycolate oxidase was found to be ATP-dependent and temperature-dependent and specific for glyoxysomes. In these respects it resembles the import of isocitrate lyase into both glyoxysomes and leaf-type peroxisomes; thus the ATP-dependence and temperature dependence appear to be general properties of plant microbody protein import. Two mutant versions of glycolate oxidase were prepared lacking 59 amino acids of the N-terminus and 53 amino acids of C-terminus, respectively. Both were capable of ATP-dependent import, whereas a fusion protein consisting of the cytosolic protein dihydrofolate reductase linked to the last 20 amino acids of glycolate oxidase bound to glyoxysomes but did not enter the organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Horng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, England
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Horng JT, Chang DC. Coupling an elliptical Gaussian beam into a multimode step-index fiber. Appl Opt 1983; 22:3887. [PMID: 18200282 DOI: 10.1364/ao.22.003887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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