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Sutton GJ, Botha JA, Speakman JR, Arnould JPY. Validating accelerometry-derived proxies of energy expenditure using the doubly labelled water method in the smallest penguin species. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio.055475. [PMID: 33722801 PMCID: PMC8034874 DOI: 10.1242/bio.055475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding energy use is central to understanding an animal's physiological and behavioural ecology. However, directly measuring energy expenditure in free-ranging animals is inherently difficult. The doubly labelled water (DLW) method is widely used to investigate energy expenditure in a range of taxa. Although reliable, DLW data collection and analysis is both financially costly and time consuming. Dynamic body acceleration (e.g. VeDBA) calculated from animal-borne accelerometers has been used to determine behavioural patterns, and is increasingly being used as a proxy for energy expenditure. Still its performance as a proxy for energy expenditure in free-ranging animals is not well established and requires validation against established methods. In the present study, the relationship between VeDBA and the at-sea metabolic rate calculated from DLW was investigated in little penguins (Eudyptula minor) using three approaches. Both in a simple correlation and activity-specific approaches were shown to be good predictors of at-sea metabolic rate. The third approach using activity-specific energy expenditure values obtained from literature did not accurately calculate the energy expended by individuals. However, all three approaches were significantly strengthened by the addition of mean horizontal travel speed. These results provide validation for the use of accelerometry as a proxy for energy expenditure and show how energy expenditure may be influenced by both individual behaviour and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Sutton
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - J A Botha
- Marine Apex Predator Research Unit (MAPRU), Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - J R Speakman
- Institute of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.,Center for Metabolism, Reproduction and Aging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - J P Y Arnould
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
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Hall TM, Botha JA, Patricios JS. Addressing negative psychosocial factors linked to severe injury in professional rugby players: An introduction to a group psychotherapy approach. S Afr J Sports Med 2020; 32:v32i1a8505. [PMID: 36818988 PMCID: PMC9924593 DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2020/v32i1a8505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Negative psychosocial sequelae of severe rugby injury (SRI) in professional rugby players are well documented. Unaddressed, these issues can leave players vulnerable to persistent common mental disorders (CMD) and negatively affect injury recovery processes. Objective To introduce a psychotherapeutic group intervention aimed at addressing negative psychosocial sequelae linked to SRI in professional rugby player cohorts. Methods Literature aimed at clarifying the potential efficacy of an integrative group therapy model, the Recovery Mastery Group (RMG), is discussed after which component parts of the intervention are presented. Case illustration A case illustration is presented comprising examples of how the RMG framework addressed psychosocial recovery issues in a professional South African rugby team during 2019. Conclusion The proposed Recovery Mastery Group (RMG) is presented as a cost- and time- effective psychotherapeutic intervention that integrates well-researched psychotherapeutic techniques. The RMG appears able to address multiple facets of psychosocial injury recovery, while possibly offering protection from the onset of CMD. This introduction to the RMG can be a forerunner of similar research across larger cohorts, in different team sports, to determine wider therapeutic intervention efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Hall
- Counselling Psychologist, Private Practice, Kenilworth, Western Cape,
South Africa
| | - J A Botha
- Clinical Psychologist, Private Practice, Netcare Waterfalls, Johannesburg,
South Africa
| | - J S Patricios
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Physician, Wits Sport and Health (WiSH), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
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3
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Kirkman SP, Costa DP, Harrison AL, Kotze PGH, Oosthuizen WH, Weise M, Botha JA, Arnould JPY. Dive behaviour and foraging effort of female Cape fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:191369. [PMID: 31824733 PMCID: PMC6837185 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While marine top predators can play a critical role in ecosystem structure and dynamics through their effects on prey populations, how the predators function in this role is often not well understood. In the Benguela region of southern Africa, the Cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) population constitutes the largest marine top predator biomass, but little is known of its foraging ecology other than its diet and some preliminary dive records. Dive information was obtained from 32 adult females instrumented with dive recorders at the Kleinsee colony (29°34.17' S, 16°59.80' E) in South Africa during 2006-2008. Most dives were in the depth range of epipelagic prey species (less than 50 m deep) and at night, reflecting the reliance of Cape fur seals on small, vertically migrating, schooling prey. However, most females also performed benthic dives, and benthic diving was prevalent in some individuals. Benthic diving was significantly associated with the frequency with which females exceeded their aerobic dive limit. The greater putative costs of benthic diving highlight the potential detrimental effects to Cape fur seals of well-documented changes in the availability of epipelagic prey species in the Benguela.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. P. Kirkman
- Oceans and Coastal Research, Department of the Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, Private Bag X4390, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
- Marine Apex Predator Research Unit (MAPRU), Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - D. P. Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - A.-L. Harrison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - P. G. H. Kotze
- Oceans and Coastal Research, Department of the Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, Private Bag X4390, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - W. H. Oosthuizen
- Oceans and Coastal Research, Department of the Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, Private Bag X4390, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - M. Weise
- Office of Naval Research—Code 32, 875 North Randolph Street, Arlington, VA 22203-1995, USA
| | - J. A. Botha
- Marine Apex Predator Research Unit (MAPRU), Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - J. P. Y. Arnould
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
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Green CR, Botha JA, Tiruvoipati R. Cognitive function, quality of life and mental health in survivors of our-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a review. Anaesth Intensive Care 2015; 43:568-76. [PMID: 26310406 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1504300504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the long-term outcomes of patients surviving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This paper aims to summarise the available literature on the long-term cognitive, health-related quality of life (QoL) and mental health outcomes of survivors of OHCA. Between 30% and 50% of survivors of OHCA experience cognitive deficits for up to several years post-discharge. Deficits of attention, declarative memory, executive function, visuospatial abilities and verbal fluency are commonly reported. Survivors of OHCA appear to report high rates of mental illness, with up to 61% experiencing anxiety, 45% experiencing depression and 27% experiencing post-traumatic stress. Fatigue appears to be a commonly reported long-term outcome for survivors of OHCA. Investigations of long-term QoL for these patients have produced mixed findings. Carers of survivors of OHCA report high rates of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress, with insufficient social and financial support. The heterogeneous range of instruments used to assess cognitive function and QoL prevent any clear conclusions being drawn from the available literature. The potential biases inherent in this patient population and the interaction between QoL, cognitive performance and mental health warrant further investigation, as does the role of post-discharge support services in improving long-term patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Green
- Research Coordinator, Department of Intensive Care, Frankston Hospital, Frankston, Victoria
| | - J A Botha
- Director, Department of Intensive Care, Frankston Hospital, Frankston, and Adjunct Clinical Professor with the Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Public Health at Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - R Tiruvoipati
- Intensivist, Department of Intensive Care, Frankston Hospital, Frankston, and Adjunct Associate Professor with the Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Public Health at Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria
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Muller CJC, Botha JA, Calitz F, Lehmann M. Effect on feed intake, milk production and milk composition of Holstein cows by replacing maize grain with wheat in total mixed rations. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v44i3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tiruvoipati R, Gupta S, Haji K, Braun G, Carney I, Botha JA. Management of severe hypercapnia post cardiac arrest with extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal. Anaesth Intensive Care 2014; 42:248-52. [PMID: 24580392 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1404200213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Normocapnia is recommended in intensive care management of patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. While normocapnia is usually achievable, it may be therapeutically challenging, particularly in patients with airflow obstruction. Conventional mechanical ventilation may not be adequate to provide optimal ventilation in such patients. One of the recent advances in critical care management of hypercapnia is the advent of newer, low-flow extracorporeal carbon dioxide clearance devices. These are simpler and less invasive than conventional extracorporeal devices. We report the first case of using a novel, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal device in Australia on a patient with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest where mechanical ventilation failed to achieve normocapnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tiruvoipati
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Frankston, Victoria
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7
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Abstract
Lung protective ventilation limiting tidal volumes and airway pressures were proven to reduce mortality in patients with acute severe respiratory failure. Hypercapnia and hypercapnic acidosis is often noted with lung protective ventilation. While the protective effects of lung protective ventilation are well recognised, the role of hypercapnia and hypercapnic acidosis remains debatable. Some clinicians argue that hypercapnia and hypercapnic acidosis protect the lungs and may be associated with improved outcomes. To the contrary, some clinicians do not tolerate hypercapnic acidosis and use various techniques including extracorporeal carbon dioxide elimination to treat hypercapnia and acidosis. This review aims at defining the effects of hypercapnia and hypercapnic acidosis with a focus on the pros and cons of clearing carbon dioxide and the modalities that may enhance carbon dioxide clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tiruvoipati
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Frankston, Victoria, Australia.
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Muller CJC, Botha JA. The comparative performance of primiparous Holstein Friesland and Jersey cows on complete diets during summer in a temperate climate. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v28i3.44235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Muller CJC, D'Hangest d'Yvoy ED, Botha JA. The substitution of lucerne hay with ammoniated wheat straw in diets for lactating dairy cows. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v29i3.44201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shehabi Y, Botha JA, Boyle MS, Ernest D, Freebairn RC, Jenkins IR, Roberts BL, Seppelt IM. Sedation and Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: An Australian and New Zealand Perspective. Anaesth Intensive Care 2008; 36:570-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x0803600423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A survey was conducted to determine sedation and delirium practices in Australian and New Zealand intensive care units. The survey was in two parts, comprising an online survey of reported sedation and delirium management (unit survey) and a collection of de-identified data about each patient in a unit at a given time on a specified day (patient snapshot survey). All intensive care units throughout Australia and New Zealand were invited by email to participate in the survey. Twenty-three predominantly metropolitan, level III Australian and New Zealand intensive care units treating adult patients participated. Written sedation policies were in place in 48% of units, while an additional 44% of units reported having informal sedation policies. Seventy percent of units routinely used a sedation scale. In contrast, only 9% of units routinely used a delirium scale. Continuous intravenous infusion is the primary means of patient sedation (74% of units). While 30% of units reported routinely interrupting sedation, only 10% of sedated patients in the snapshot survey had had their sedation interrupted in the preceding 12 hours. Oversedation appears to be common (46% of patients with completed sedation scales). Use of neuromuscular blockade is low (10%) compared to other published studies. Midazolam and propofol were the most frequently used sedatives. The proportion of patients developing delirium was 21% of assessable patients. Failed and self-extubation rates were low: 3.2% and 0.5% respectively. In Australian and New Zealand intensive care units, routine use of sedation scales is common but not universal, while routine delirium assessment is rare. The use of a sedation protocol is valuable and should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Shehabi
- Intensive Care Services, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Acute Care Services Program, Director Intensive Care and Research, Prince of Wales Hospital
| | - J. A. Botha
- Intensive Care Services, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, Frankston Hospital, Frankston, Victoria
| | - M. S. Boyle
- Intensive Care Services, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Clinical Nurse Consultant, Intensive Care, Prince of Wales Hospital
| | - D. Ernest
- Intensive Care Services, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Intensive Care, Box Hill Hospital, Box Hill, Victoria
| | - R. C. Freebairn
- Intensive Care Services, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Intensive Care, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand
| | - I. R. Jenkins
- Intensive Care Services, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia
| | - B. L. Roberts
- Intensive Care Services, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Research Coordinator, Department of Intensive Care, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia
| | - I. M. Seppelt
- Intensive Care Services, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, New South Wales
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11
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Abstract
The mortality in patients presenting with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm remains high. In this study we aimed to assess the outcome and factors predicting the mortality in patients admitted to a teaching hospital with the diagnosis of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. During the study period (July 2001 to July 2007) all patients admitted with a diagnosis of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm were included. There was a total of 62 patients with a mean age of 76 years. The hospital mortality was 32.3% (20 patients). Twelve patients (19.4%) were discharged home, 25 patients (40.3%) were discharged to rehabilitation and five patients (8%) were discharged to other hospitals for further care. There was a significant difference between survivors and non-survivors in age, loss of consciousness at presentation and duration of hospital stay. Logistic regression analysis of these variables suggests the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P=0.04, odds ratio 6.7, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 41.3) and age (P=0.02, odds ratio 1.2, 95% confidence intervals 1.0 to 1.3) to be independently associated with mortality. These results compare favourably with published Australian as well as the international data.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Botha
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Muller CJC, Cloete SWP, Olivier JJ, Botha JA, De Waal H. Heritability of live weight and condition score in a Holstein herd and correlations with milk traits – preliminary estimat. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2006. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v36i2.3989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Botha JA, Mudholkar P. The effect of a sedation scale on ventilation hours, sedative, analgesic and inotropic use in an intensive care unit. CRIT CARE RESUSC 2004; 6:253-7. [PMID: 16556102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sedative drugs are used routinely in critically ill patients to reduce both physical and psychological stresses imposed by the hostile intensive care unit environment. However, drug accumulation, particularly during prolonged administration, often poses difficulties. Sedation scales chart the physiological effect of sedation although many surveys have revealed that few units use them to monitor the effect of sedative agents hence oversedation is common. METHODS We evaluated the impact of a modified Sheffield sedation scale on ventilation hours, sedative, analgesic and inotropic use in an intensive care unit. After an education course on the use of the sedation scale, it was utilised from June 2000 to February 2001. After this 9 month period, the pharmacy and health information services retrieved data on ventilation hours and sedative, analgesic and inotropic use from June 2000 to February 2001 and compared it with data retrieved from a similar period prior to sedation scale use from June 1999 to February 2000. RESULTS The population studied during both periods were similar in terms of total ventilated patients (141 versus 147), mean age (59.6 versus 61.2) major case mix groupings, discharge destination and hospital mortality (31% versus 31%). After introducing the sedation scale the average patient ventilated hours decreased from 203.7 to 179.5 hours. The intensive care unit's use of midazolam decreased by 38.38%, morphine use decreased by 52.6% and propofol use decreased by 17.3%. Also the adrenaline use decreased by 13.95%, noradrenaline use decreased by 8.25% and dopamine use decreased by 35.7%. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the use of a sedation scale lead to a decrease in sedative, analgesic and inotrope use with a trend to less ventilated hours in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Botha
- Intensive Care Unit, Frankston Hospital, Frankston, Victoria
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14
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Ajithkumar AK, Botha JA. Metabolic stridor: a case report. CRIT CARE RESUSC 2004; 6:277-9. [PMID: 16556107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The clinical features of severe hypokalaemia include constipation, ileus, ventricular and atrial tachycardias, weakness, hypotonicity and rarely an ascending motor paralysis with ventilatory failure. We describe a patient who presented with severe diarrhoea, hypokalaemic normal anion gap metabolic acidosis and hypophosphataemia. He developed stridor and respiratory failure following early correction of his hypokalaemia which was successfully managed with endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation and further correction of his fluid and electrolyte abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Ajithkumar
- Intensive Care Unit, Frankston Hospital, Frankston, Victoria
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Botha JA. Oversedation and agitation in the intensive care unit: vacillate or automate. CRIT CARE RESUSC 2003; 5:167-9. [PMID: 16573476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Muller CJC, Botha JA. The response to selection during first lactation on the phenotypic and genetic trends in the Elsenburg Holstein-Friesland herd. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2003. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v33i2.3764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Hanna JN, Carney IK, Smith GA, Tannenberg AE, Deverill JE, Botha JA, Serafin IL, Harrower BJ, Fitzpatrick PF, Searle JW. Australian bat lyssavirus infection: a second human case, with a long incubation period. Med J Aust 2000; 172:597-9. [PMID: 10914106 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2000.tb124126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In December 1998, a 37-year-old Queensland woman died from a rabies-like illness, 27 months after being bitten by a flying fox (fruit bat). Molecular techniques enabled diagnosis of infection with Australian bat lyssavirus (ABL), the second human case to be recognised and the first to be acquired from a flying fox. It must be assumed that any bat in Australia could transmit ABL; anyone bitten or scratched by a bat should immediately wash the wounds thoroughly with soap and water and promptly seek medical advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Hanna
- Tropical Public Health Unit, Queensland Health, Cairns.
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18
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Botha JA, Carney IK. A 59-year-old female with increasing dyspnoea, an unusual rash and myalgia. Diagnosis: dermatomyositis with associated interstitial lung disease. Respiration 1999; 66:377-9. [PMID: 10461091 DOI: 10.1159/000029394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J A Botha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Base Hospital, Mackay, Qld., Australia
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19
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Penrith ML, Van der Lugt JJ, Henton MM, Botha JA, Stroebel JC. A review of mycotic nasal granuloma in cattle, with a report on three cases. J S Afr Vet Assoc 1994; 65:179-83. [PMID: 7602574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Three cases of nasal mycotic granuloma containing fungal cells and hyphae in cattle are described. In 2 animals a mucopurulent or purulent nasal discharge was seen clinically, and epistaxis in the third. Histologically, ulceration of the nasal mucosa and a severe granulomatous inflammation of the nasal submucosa with eosinophils as the predominant cell type were evident in the cattle. Non-pigmented fungal cells identified as chlamydospores and short septate hyphae were demonstrated in giant cells and extracellularly within the granulomatous reactions. In one case, the fungal elements were frequently surrounded by homogeneous eosinophilic (Splendore-Hoeppli) material. Dematiaceous fungi, Bipolaris sp. and Drechslera sp., were isolated from 2 cases. Mycology was not performed on the third animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Penrith
- Section of Pathology, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Republic of South Africa
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20
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Przybojewski JZ, Barnard PM, Van der Walt JJ, Botha JA. Unstable angina pectoris secondary to multiple calcified coronary artery masses. Successful treatment with coronary artery bypass surgery. S Afr Med J 1986; 69:694-9. [PMID: 3486488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A 31-year-old doctor's wife suffered from severe unstable angina pectoris (AP) due to two large, heavily calcified masses involving the right coronary artery and the left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. The causes of the masses could not be determined with certainty, but in view of the history (which included the ingestion of large quantities of raw boerewors (traditional spiced sausage) and histopathological findings, we believe that they were coronary artery aneurysms which developed secondary to coronary arteritis many years previously. The possibility of echinococcal (hydatid) infection is also discussed. Cardiac surgery entailed total excision of both masses, together with sections of their accompanying coronary arteries which had become fibrotic as a result of the arteritis, and reestablishment of coronary blood flow by the insertion of two saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts. Her AP was dramatically relieved and she continues to be asymptomatic without taking anti-anginal drugs.
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Maartens G, Halland AM, Botha JA, Przybojewski JZ. Syncope in the elderly. Report of 3 cases with sick sinus syndrome. S Afr Med J 1986; 69:643-4. [PMID: 3704847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Three cases of arrhythmia-induced syncope in the elderly are reported. The patients all showed some features of the sick sinus syndrome and had aortic ejection murmurs. Ventricular tachycardia occurred in 2 patients. The importance of trying to record an arrhythmia during a syncopal attack is stressed, as are the adverse effects of many drugs commonly prescribed in this age group. The relationship between the arrhythmias found and their association with aortic stenosis are discussed.
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