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Hanson N, Ounsley J, Burton T, Auer S, Hunt JH, Shaw B, Henderson J, Middlemas SJ. Hierarchical analysis of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fecundity in relation to body size and developmental traits. J Fish Biol 2020; 96:316-326. [PMID: 31647569 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using data from wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar returning to spawn in seven Scottish rivers, we developed a model of fecundity based on individual body size and key developmental traits. We used a novel approach to model selection which maximises predictive accuracy for application to target river stocks to select the best from a suite of Bayesian hierarchical models. This approach aims to ensure the optimal model within the candidate set includes covariates that best predict out-of-sample data to estimate fecundity in areas where no direct observations are available. In addition to body size, the final model included the developmental characteristics of age at smolting and years spent at sea. Using two independent long-term monitoring datasets, the consequences of ignoring these characteristics was revealed by comparing predictions from the best model with models that omitted them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hanson
- Freshwater Fisheries Laboratory, Marine Scotland Science, Faskally, UK
| | - James Ounsley
- Freshwater Fisheries Laboratory, Marine Scotland Science, Faskally, UK
| | - Tim Burton
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sonya Auer
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James H Hunt
- The Tweed Foundation, The Tweed Fish Conservancy Centre, Drygrange Steading, Melrose, Roxburghshire, UK
| | - Brian Shaw
- Spey Fishery Board & Spey Foundation, Knockando, Morayshire, UK
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Hunt JH, Baker I, Baker HG. SIMILARITY OF AMINO ACIDS IN NECTAR AND LARVAL SALIVA: THE NUTRITIONAL BASIS FOR TROPHALLAXIS IN SOCIAL WASPS. Evolution 2017; 36:1318-1322. [PMID: 28563573 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1982.tb05501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/1981] [Revised: 03/15/1982] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James H Hunt
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121
| | - Irene Baker
- Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720
| | - Herbert G Baker
- Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Hunt
- Department of Biology; University of Missouri-St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri 63121
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Abstract
Background Social insects exhibit striking phenotypic plasticity in the form of distinct reproductive (queen) and non-reproductive (worker) castes, which are typically driven by differences in the environment during early development. Nutritional environment and nourishment during development has been shown to be broadly associated with caste determination across social insect taxa such as bees, wasps, and termites. In primitively social insects such as Polistes paper wasps, caste remains flexible throughout adulthood, but there is evidence that nourishment inequalities can bias caste development with workers receiving limited nourishment compared to queens. Dominance and vibrational signaling are behaviors that have also been linked to caste differences in paper wasps, suggesting that a combination of nourishment and social factors may drive caste determination. To better understand the molecular basis of nutritional effects on caste determination, we used RNA-sequencing to investigate the gene expression changes in response to proteinaceous nourishment deprivation in Polistes metricus larvae. Results We identified 285 nourishment-responsive transcripts, many of which are related to lipid metabolism and oxidation-reduction activity. Via comparisons to previously identified caste-related genes, we found that nourishment restriction only partially biased wasp gene expression patterns toward worker caste-like traits, which supports the notion that nourishment, in conjunction with social environment, is a determinant of developmental caste bias. In addition, we conducted cross-species comparisons of nourishment-responsive genes, and uncovered largely lineage-specific gene expression changes, suggesting few shared nourishment-responsive genes across taxa. Conclusion Overall, the results from this study highlight the complex and multifactorial nature of environmental effects on the gene expression patterns underlying plastic phenotypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1410-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali J Berens
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. .,Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - James H Hunt
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA. .,Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA. .,W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Amy L Toth
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. .,Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. .,Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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Berens AJ, Hunt JH, Toth AL. Comparative Transcriptomics of Convergent Evolution: Different Genes but Conserved Pathways Underlie Caste Phenotypes across Lineages of Eusocial Insects. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 32:690-703. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Abstract
In a model based on the wasp family Vespidae, the origin of worker behaviour, which constitutes the eusociality threshold, is not based on relatedness, therefore the origin of eusociality does not depend on inclusive fitness, and workers at the eusociality threshold are not altruistic. Instead, incipient workers and queens behave selfishly and are subject to direct natural selection. Beyond the eusociality threshold, relatedness enables 'soft inheritance' as the framework for initial adaptations of eusociality. At the threshold of irreversibility, queen and worker castes become fixed in advanced eusociality. Transitions from solitary to facultative, facultative to primitive, and primitive to advanced eusociality occur via exaptation, phenotypic accommodation and genetic assimilation. Multilevel selection characterizes the solitary to highly eusocial transition, but components of multilevel selection vary across levels of eusociality. Roles of behavioural flexibility and developmental plasticity in the evolutionary process equal or exceed those of genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Hunt
- Departments of Biology and Entomology, W M Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Hunt JH, Mutti NS, Havukainen H, Henshaw MT, Amdam GV. Development of an RNA interference tool, characterization of its target, and an ecological test of caste differentiation in the eusocial wasp polistes. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26641. [PMID: 22069460 PMCID: PMC3206021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in genomics provide new tools for evolutionary ecological research. The paper wasp genus Polistes is a model for social insect evolution and behavioral ecology. We developed RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing to explore proposed connections between expression of hexameric storage proteins and worker vs. gyne (potential future foundress) castes in naturally-founded colonies of P. metricus. We extended four fragments of putative hexamerin-encoding P. metricus transcripts acquired from a previous study and fully sequenced a gene that encodes Hexamerin 2, one of two proposed hexameric storage proteins of P. metricus. MALDI-TOF/TOF, LC-MSMS, deglycosylation, and detection of phosphorylation assays showed that the two putative hexamerins diverge in peptide sequence and biochemistry. We targeted the hexamerin 2 gene in 5(th) (last)-instar larvae by feeding RNAi-inducing double-stranded hexamerin 2 RNA directly to larvae in naturally-founded colonies in the field. Larval development and adult traits were not significantly altered in hexamerin 2 knockdowns, but there were suggestive trends toward increased developmental time and less developed ovaries, which are gyne characteristics. By demonstrating how data acquisition from 454/Roche pyrosequencing can be combined with biochemical and proteomics assays and how RNAi can be deployed successfully in field experiments on Polistes, our results pave the way for functional genomic research that can contribute significantly to learning the interactions of environment, development, and the roles they play in paper wasp evolution and behavioral ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Hunt
- Departments of Biology and Entomology and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America.
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Hunt JH, Wolschin F, Henshaw MT, Newman TC, Toth AL, Amdam GV. Differential gene expression and protein abundance evince ontogenetic bias toward castes in a primitively eusocial wasp. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10674. [PMID: 20498859 PMCID: PMC2871793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Polistes paper wasps are models for understanding conditions that may have characterized the origin of worker and queen castes and, therefore, the origin of paper wasp sociality. Polistes is “primitively eusocial” by virtue of having context-dependent caste determination and no morphological differences between castes. Even so, Polistes colonies have a temporal pattern in which most female larvae reared by the foundress become workers, and most reared by workers become future-reproductive gynes. This pattern is hypothesized to reflect development onto two pathways, which may utilize mechanisms that regulate diapause in other insects. Using expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for Polistes metricus we selected candidate genes differentially expressed in other insects in three categories: 1) diapause vs. non-diapause phenotypes and/or worker vs. queen differentiation, 2) behavioral subcastes of worker honey bees, and 3) no a priori expectation of a role in worker/gyne development. We also used a non-targeted proteomics screen to test for peptide/protein abundance differences that could reflect larval developmental divergence. We found that foundress-reared larvae (putative worker-destined) and worker-reared larvae (putative gyne-destined) differed in quantitative expression of sixteen genes, twelve of which were associated with caste and/or diapause in other insects, and they also differed in abundance of nine peptides/proteins. Some differentially-expressed genes are involved in diapause regulation in other insects, and other differentially-expressed genes and proteins are involved in the insulin signaling pathway, nutrient metabolism, and caste determination in highly social bees. Differential expression of a gene and a peptide encoding hexameric storage proteins is especially noteworthy. Although not conclusive, our results support hypotheses of 1) larval developmental pathway divergence that can lead to caste bias in adults and 2) nutritional differences as the foundation of the pathway divergence. Finally, the differential expression in Polistes larvae of genes and proteins also differentially expressed during queen vs. worker caste development in honey bees may indicate that regulatory mechanisms of caste outcomes share similarities between primitively eusocial and advanced eusocial Hymenoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Hunt
- Department of Biology and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Hunt
- The reviewer is at the Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Toth AL, Varala K, Newman TC, Miguez FE, Hutchison SK, Willoughby DA, Simons JF, Egholm M, Hunt JH, Hudson ME, Robinson GE. Wasp Gene Expression Supports an Evolutionary Link Between Maternal Behavior and Eusociality. Science 2007; 318:441-4. [PMID: 17901299 DOI: 10.1126/science.1146647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The presence of workers that forgo reproduction and care for their siblings is a defining feature of eusociality and a major challenge for evolutionary theory. It has been proposed that worker behavior evolved from maternal care behavior. We explored this idea by studying gene expression in the primitively eusocial wasp Polistes metricus. Because little genomic information existed for this species, we used 454 sequencing to generate 391,157 brain complementary DNA reads, resulting in robust hits to 3017 genes from the honey bee genome, from which we identified and assayed orthologs of 32 honey bee behaviorally related genes. Wasp brain gene expression in workers was more similar to that in foundresses, which show maternal care, than to that in queens and gynes, which do not. Insulin-related genes were among the differentially regulated genes, suggesting that the evolution of eusociality involved major nutritional and reproductive pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Toth
- Department of Entomology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Hunt JH, Kensinger BJ, Kossuth JA, Henshaw MT, Norberg K, Wolschin F, Amdam GV. A diapause pathway underlies the gyne phenotype in Polistes wasps, revealing an evolutionary route to caste-containing insect societies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:14020-5. [PMID: 17704258 PMCID: PMC1955821 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0705660104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonies of social wasps, ants, and bees are characterized by the production of two phenotypes of female offspring, workers that remain at their natal nest and nonworkers that are potential colony reproductives of the next generation. The phenotype difference includes morphology and is fixed during larval development in ants, honey bees, and some social wasps, all of which represent an advanced state of sociality. Paper wasps (Polistes) lack morphological castes and are thought to more closely resemble an ancestral state of sociality wherein the phenotype difference between workers and nonworkers is established only during adult life. We address an alternative hypothesis: a bias toward the potential reproductive (gyne) phenotype among Polistes female offspring occurs during larval development and is based on a facultatively expressed ancestral life history trait: diapause. We show that two signatures of diapause (extended maturation time and enhanced synthesis and sequestration of a hexameric storage protein) characterize the development of gyne offspring in Polistes metricus. Hexameric storage proteins are implicated in silencing juvenile hormone signaling, which is a prerequisite for diapause. Diverging hexamerin protein dynamics driven by changes in larval provisioning levels thereby provide one possible mechanism that can cause an adaptive shift in phenotype bias during the Polistes colony cycle. This ontogenetic basis for alternative female phenotypes in Polistes challenges the view that workers and gynes represent behavior options equally available to every female offspring, and it exemplifies how social insect castes can evolve from casteless lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Hunt
- *Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: or
| | | | | | | | - Kari Norberg
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Aas N-1432, Norway; and
| | - Florian Wolschin
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Gro V. Amdam
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Aas N-1432, Norway; and
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: or
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Abstract
Eusocial wasps of the family Vespidae are thought to have derived their social behavior from a common ancestor that had a rudimentary caste-containing social system. In support of this behavioral scenario, the leading phylogenetic hypothesis of Vespidae places the eusocial wasps (subfamilies Stenogastrinae, Polistinae, and Vespinae) as a derived monophyletic clade, thus implying a single origin of eusocial behavior. This perspective has shaped the investigation and interpretation of vespid social evolution for more than two decades. Here we report a phylogeny of Vespidae based on data from four nuclear gene fragments (18S and 28S ribosomal DNA, abdominal-A and RNA polymerase II) and representatives from all six extant subfamilies. In contrast to the current phylogenetic perspective, our results indicate two independent origins of vespid eusociality, once in the clade Polistinae+Vespinae and once in the Stenogastrinae. The stenogastrines appear as an early diverging clade distantly related to the vespines and polistines and thus evolved their distinctive form of social behavior from a different ancestor than that of Polistinae+Vespinae. These results support earlier views based on life history and behavior and have important implications for interpreting transitional stages in vespid social evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Hines
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - James H. Hunt
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121
| | - Timothy K. O'Connor
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Joseph J. Gillespie
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061; and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Sydney A. Cameron
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Abstract
To learn the evolutionary trajectories of caste differentiation in eusocial species is a major goal of sociobiology. We present an explanatory framework for caste evolution in the eusocial wasp genus Polistes (Vespidae), which is a model system for insect eusocial evolution. We hypothesize that Polistes worker and gyne castes stem from two developmental pathways that characterized the bivoltine life cycle of a solitary ancestor. Through individual-based simulations, we show that our mechanistic framework can reproduce colony-level characteristics of Polistes and, thereby, that social castes can emerge from solitary regulatory pathways. Our explanatory framework illustrates, by specific example, a changed perspective for understanding insect social evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Hunt
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Gro V. Amdam
- Department of Entomology, University of California–Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA, and Department of Animal and Aqua-cultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Post Office Box 5025, N-1432 Aas, Norway
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Abstract
Wasps of family Vespidae contain three types of major proteins that have the size, amino acid composition, subunit composition, immunological reactivity, and pattern of occurrence characteristic of storage proteins. The three types of storage protein, which have been identified in other Hymenoptera, are very high density lipoprotein, high glutamine/glutamic acid protein, and hexamerin. The predominant pattern of occurrence for these proteins is as known from most or all Holometabola: synthesis during the last larval instar and utilization as an amino acid source during metamorphosis. Hexamerin also occurred in a large young adult female Monobia quadridens but not a small one, which suggests that carry-over into adult females is a reaction norm response to quantity of larval provisions, because these wasps could not have fed as adults. In two paper wasp species of the genus Polistes, hexamerin was present in large adult females which emerged during the colony cycle phase when reproductive females are typically produced, but not in adult female offspring that emerged earlier in the colony cycle or in adult females that were workers. It cannot be confirmed by these data that the hexamerin in the adult paper wasps represented carry-over from metamorphosis rather than post-emergence feeding, but the pattern of occurrence suggests that presence of storage protein may play a role in caste differentiation in paper wasps. No storage protein was found in any adult Vespula maculifrons, a yellowjacket wasp, suggesting that caste differentiation in vespine wasps does not incorporate storage protein as a component.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Hunt
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St Louis, St Louis, MO 63121, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Hunt
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
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Hunt JH, Brodie RJ, Carithers TP, Goldstein PZ, Janzen DH. Dry Season Migration by Costa Rican Lowland Paper Wasps to High Elevation Cold Dormancy Sites1. Biotropica 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.1999.tb00131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hunt JH, Brodie RJ, Carithers TP, Goldstein PZ, Janzen DH. Dry Season Migration by Costa Rican Lowland Paper Wasps to High Elevation Cold Dormancy Sites. Biotropica 1999. [DOI: 10.2307/2663974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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O'Connor V, Heuss C, De Bello WM, Dresbach T, Charlton MP, Hunt JH, Pellegrini LL, Hodel A, Burger MM, Betz H, Augustine GJ, Schäfer T. Disruption of syntaxin-mediated protein interactions blocks neurotransmitter secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:12186-91. [PMID: 9342384 PMCID: PMC23745 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.22.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane protein syntaxin participates in several protein-protein interactions that have been implicated in neurotransmitter release. To probe the physiological importance of these interactions, we microinjected into the squid giant presynaptic terminal botulinum toxin C1, which cleaves syntaxin, and the H3 domain of syntaxin, which mediates binding to other proteins. Both reagents inhibited synaptic transmission yet did not affect the number or distribution of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic active zone. Recombinant H3 domain inhibited the interactions between syntaxin and SNAP-25 that underlie the formation of stable SNARE complexes in vitro. These data support the notion that syntaxin-mediated SNARE complexes are necessary for docked synaptic vesicles to fuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- V O'Connor
- Department of Neurochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Brain Research, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
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Hunt JH, Gess SK, Turillazzi S, West-Eberhard MJ. The Pollen Wasps: Ecology and Natural History of the Masarinae. Ecology 1997. [DOI: 10.2307/2265884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Boyce EN, Ching RJ, Logan EI, Hunt JH, Maseman DC, Gaeddert KL, King CT, Reid EE, Hefferren JJ. Occurrence of gram-negative black-pigmented anaerobes in subgingival plaque during the development of canine periodontal disease. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20 Suppl 2:S317-9. [PMID: 7548584 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/20.supplement_2.s317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E N Boyce
- Higuchi Bioscience Centers, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, USA
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Davenport DJ, Ching RJ, Hunt JH, Bruyette DS, Gross KL. The effect of dietary levels of folate and cobalamin on the serum concentration of folate and cobalamin in the dog. J Nutr 1994; 124:2559S-2562S. [PMID: 7996237 DOI: 10.1093/jn/124.suppl_12.2559s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Guyot-Sionnest P, Hunt JH, Shen YR. Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy of a Langmuir film: Study of molecular orientation of a two-dimensional system. Phys Rev Lett 1987; 59:1597-1600. [PMID: 10035277 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.59.1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Hunt JH, Baker I, Baker HG. Similarity of Amino Acids in Nectar and Larval Saliva: The Nutritional Basis for Trophallaxis in Social Wasps. Evolution 1982. [DOI: 10.2307/2408164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cohen DK, Hunt JH, Crowe DG. Characteristics of a chamber used for electrooptical device performance measurements in the presence of fog. Appl Opt 1982; 21:2399-2404. [PMID: 20396043 DOI: 10.1364/ao.21.002399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A fog chamber, developed to support measurement of the performance of electrooptical devices in the presence of fog, is discussed. Rationale for the fog chamber concept is presented. Emphasis is placed on the theory of operation of the chamber, an optical method for assessing fog particle characteristics, and the optical properties of the different types of fog produced.
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Abstract
The effect of cimetidine in the daily dose of 1200 mg on the healing rate of chronic gastric ulcer was assessed in a randomized double-blind trial in 48 patients. Cimetidine was found to accelerate the healing of chronic gastric ulcers in the ambulant patients, but it conferred no additional benefit on the patients in hospital. No significant side effects were observed.
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Abstract
Chronic erosive gastritis (C.E.G.) is a gastric mucosal lesionwith characteristic radiological and endoscopic appearances. Pyloric gland hyperplasia is seen on histological examination of biopsy specimens. C.E.G. is uncommonly reported in the English literature. In reviewing 3,800 upper gastro-intestinal endoscopies from 1971--1976, 108 patients were diagnosed as having typical features of chronic erosive gastritis, an incidence of 2.8%. There was a significant association with duodenal ulceration and an overall male predominance. The lesion can also co-exist with gastric ulceration and has been observed as an incidental finding in patients examined urgently for upper gastro-intestinal bleeding. In this context C.E.G. should be distinguished from acute mucosal erosions. Symptoms may relate to the accompanying peptic ulceration, although dyspepsia epigastric pain, fullness and nausea may possibly occur with C.E.G. alone.
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Munro G, Hunt JH, Rowe LR, Evans MB. The gas chromatographic analysis of the diastereoisomeric forms present in some phenylalkanolamines [proceedings]. J Pharm Pharmacol 1976; 28 Suppl:27P. [PMID: 12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
A technique for routine hyptonic double-contrast studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract is described. It is emphasized that, to achieve consistent success, the principles of the technique must be understood and applied at the time of the examination. The various factors producing the barium coating effect are described. Gas distension and bubble control are also described. Where applicable, the principles and projections are demonstrated by examples. Endoscopy with biopsy has added a new dimension of accuracy to diagnosis and is replacing barium studies for acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Accurate barium studies are important as a screening test of other symptomatology to select patients for further clarification by endoscopy.
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Hunt JH. The foundation of a college. The conception, birth, and early days of the College of General Practitioners. J R Coll Gen Pract 1973; 23:5-20. [PMID: 4574718 PMCID: PMC2156826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Hunt JH. The foundation of a college. The conception, birth and early days of the College of General Practitioners. Practitioner 1973; 210:144-61. [PMID: 4576633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Hunt JH. Fraser Mackintosh Rose. J R Coll Gen Pract 1972; 22:845-7. [PMID: 4574715 PMCID: PMC2157049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Hunt JH. A short history of the royal college of general practitioners. Can Fam Physician 1972; 18:88-91. [PMID: 20468852 PMCID: PMC2370738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Hunt JH. The renaissance of general practice. Lloyd Roberts Lecture 1957. J R Coll Gen Pract 1972; 22 Suppl 4:5-20. [PMID: 4668424 PMCID: PMC2635250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Baume PE, Hunt JH, Piper DW. Glycopyrronium bromide in the treatment of chronic gastric ulcer. Gastroenterology 1972; 63:399-406. [PMID: 5071280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Gladych JM, Hornby R, Hunt JH, Jack D, Boyle JJ, Ferlauto RJ, Haff RF, Kormendy CG, Stanfield FJ, Stewart RC. Antiviral agents. 5H-as-Triazino(5,6-b) indoles. J Med Chem 1972; 15:277-81. [PMID: 4333824 DOI: 10.1021/jm00273a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Hunt JH. Voluntary health insurance industry. Way to go? J Kans Med Soc 1972; 73:5-9 passim. [PMID: 5060452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Hunt JH. Prospects for national health insurance. J Nurs Adm 1971; 1:20-5. [PMID: 5205854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Hunt JH. Religion and the family doctor. Proc R Soc Med 1969; 62:341-6. [PMID: 5811941 PMCID: PMC1810692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Gladych JM, Hunt JH, Jack D, Haff RF, Boyle JJ, Stewart RC, Ferlauto RJ. Inhibition of rhinovirus by isatin thiosemicarbazone analogues. Nature 1969; 221:286-7. [PMID: 4303131 DOI: 10.1038/221286b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Hunt JH. Religion and the family doctor. Practitioner 1968; 201:372-5. [PMID: 5667898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Hunt JH. The future of general practice. Practitioner 1968; 201:94-105. [PMID: 5659872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Hunt JH. The clinical disciplines of general practice. S Afr Med J 1968; 42:330-3. [PMID: 5648688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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