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Chan JM, Clendenning M, Joseland S, Georgeson P, Mahmood K, Joo JE, Walker R, Como J, Preston S, Chai SM, Chu YL, Meyers AL, Pope BJ, Duggan D, Fink JL, Macrae FA, Rosty C, Winship IM, Jenkins MA, Buchanan DD. Inherited BRCA1 and RNF43 pathogenic variants in a familial colorectal cancer type X family. Fam Cancer 2024; 23:9-21. [PMID: 38063999 PMCID: PMC10869370 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-023-00351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility to familial colorectal cancer (CRC), including for individuals classified as Familial Colorectal Cancer Type X (FCCTX), remains poorly understood. We describe a multi-generation CRC-affected family segregating pathogenic variants in both BRCA1, a gene associated with breast and ovarian cancer and RNF43, a gene associated with Serrated Polyposis Syndrome (SPS). A single family out of 105 families meeting the criteria for FCCTX (Amsterdam I family history criteria with mismatch repair (MMR)-proficient CRCs) recruited to the Australasian Colorectal Cancer Family Registry (ACCFR; 1998-2008) that underwent whole exome sequencing (WES), was selected for further testing. CRC and polyp tissue from four carriers were molecularly characterized including a single CRC that underwent WES to determine tumor mutational signatures and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) events. Ten carriers of a germline pathogenic variant BRCA1:c.2681_2682delAA p.Lys894ThrfsTer8 and eight carriers of a germline pathogenic variant RNF43:c.988 C > T p.Arg330Ter were identified in this family. Seven members carried both variants, four of which developed CRC. A single carrier of the RNF43 variant met the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO2019) criteria for SPS, developing a BRAF p.V600 wildtype CRC. Loss of the wildtype allele for both BRCA1 and RNF43 variants was observed in three CRC tumors while a LOH event across chromosome 17q encompassing both genes was observed in a CRC. Tumor mutational signature analysis identified the homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)-associated COSMIC signatures SBS3 and ID6 in a CRC for a carrier of both variants. Our findings show digenic inheritance of pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and RNF43 segregating with CRC in a FCCTX family. LOH and evidence of BRCA1-associated HRD supports the importance of both these tumor suppressor genes in CRC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Chan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Clendenning
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharelle Joseland
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Georgeson
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jihoon E Joo
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Romy Walker
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Julia Como
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan Preston
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shuyi Marci Chai
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yen Lin Chu
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Aaron L Meyers
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bernard J Pope
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Duggan
- Quantitative Medicine and Systems Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - J Lynn Fink
- Faculty of Medicine, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Translational Genomics Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Finlay A Macrae
- Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christophe Rosty
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Envoi Pathology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Ingrid M Winship
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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2
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Walker R, Mahmood K, Como J, Clendenning M, Joo JE, Georgeson P, Joseland S, Preston SG, Pope BJ, Chan JM, Austin R, Bojadzieva J, Campbell A, Edwards E, Gleeson M, Goodwin A, Harris MT, Ip E, Kirk J, Mansour J, Mar Fan H, Nichols C, Pachter N, Ragunathan A, Spigelman A, Susman R, Christie M, Jenkins MA, Pai RK, Rosty C, Macrae FA, Winship IM, Buchanan DD. DNA Mismatch Repair Gene Variant Classification: Evaluating the Utility of Somatic Mutations and Mismatch Repair Deficient Colonic Crypts and Endometrial Glands. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4925. [PMID: 37894291 PMCID: PMC10605939 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline pathogenic variants in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes (Lynch syndrome) predispose to colorectal (CRC) and endometrial (EC) cancer. Lynch syndrome specific tumor features were evaluated for their ability to support the ACMG/InSiGHT framework in classifying variants of uncertain clinical significance (VUS) in the MMR genes. Twenty-eight CRC or EC tumors from 25 VUS carriers (6xMLH1, 9xMSH2, 6xMSH6, 4xPMS2), underwent targeted tumor sequencing for the presence of microsatellite instability/MMR-deficiency (MSI-H/dMMR) status and identification of a somatic MMR mutation (second hit). Immunohistochemical testing for the presence of dMMR crypts/glands in normal tissue was also performed. The ACMG/InSiGHT framework reclassified 7/25 (28%) VUS to likely pathogenic (LP), three (12%) to benign/likely benign, and 15 (60%) VUS remained unchanged. For the seven re-classified LP variants comprising nine tumors, tumor sequencing confirmed MSI-H/dMMR (8/9, 88.9%) and a second hit (7/9, 77.8%). Of these LP reclassified variants where normal tissue was available, the presence of a dMMR crypt/gland was found in 2/4 (50%). Furthermore, a dMMR endometrial gland in a carrier of an MSH2 exon 1-6 duplication provides further support for an upgrade of this VUS to LP. Our study confirmed that identifying these Lynch syndrome features can improve MMR variant classification, enabling optimal clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Walker
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (K.M.); (J.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.J.); (P.G.); (S.J.); (S.G.P.); (B.J.P.); (D.D.B.)
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (K.M.); (J.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.J.); (P.G.); (S.J.); (S.G.P.); (B.J.P.); (D.D.B.)
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Julia Como
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (K.M.); (J.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.J.); (P.G.); (S.J.); (S.G.P.); (B.J.P.); (D.D.B.)
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Mark Clendenning
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (K.M.); (J.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.J.); (P.G.); (S.J.); (S.G.P.); (B.J.P.); (D.D.B.)
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Jihoon E. Joo
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (K.M.); (J.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.J.); (P.G.); (S.J.); (S.G.P.); (B.J.P.); (D.D.B.)
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Peter Georgeson
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (K.M.); (J.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.J.); (P.G.); (S.J.); (S.G.P.); (B.J.P.); (D.D.B.)
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Sharelle Joseland
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (K.M.); (J.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.J.); (P.G.); (S.J.); (S.G.P.); (B.J.P.); (D.D.B.)
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Susan G. Preston
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (K.M.); (J.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.J.); (P.G.); (S.J.); (S.G.P.); (B.J.P.); (D.D.B.)
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Bernard J. Pope
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (K.M.); (J.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.J.); (P.G.); (S.J.); (S.G.P.); (B.J.P.); (D.D.B.)
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - James M. Chan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (K.M.); (J.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.J.); (P.G.); (S.J.); (S.G.P.); (B.J.P.); (D.D.B.)
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Rachel Austin
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (R.A.); (H.M.F.)
| | - Jasmina Bojadzieva
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia; (J.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Ainsley Campbell
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia; (J.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Emma Edwards
- Familial Cancer Service, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia;
| | - Margaret Gleeson
- Hunter Family Cancer Service, Newcastle, NSW 2298, Australia; (M.G.); (J.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Annabel Goodwin
- Cancer Genetics Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (A.G.); (A.S.)
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Marion T. Harris
- Monash Health Familial Cancer Centre, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Emilia Ip
- Cancer Genetics Service, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Judy Kirk
- Hunter Family Cancer Service, Newcastle, NSW 2298, Australia; (M.G.); (J.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Julia Mansour
- Tasmanian Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia;
| | - Helen Mar Fan
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (R.A.); (H.M.F.)
| | - Cassandra Nichols
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA 6008, Australia; (C.N.); (N.P.)
| | - Nicholas Pachter
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA 6008, Australia; (C.N.); (N.P.)
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Abiramy Ragunathan
- Hunter Family Cancer Service, Newcastle, NSW 2298, Australia; (M.G.); (J.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Allan Spigelman
- Cancer Genetics Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (A.G.); (A.S.)
- St Vincent’s Cancer Genetics Unit, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Surgical Professorial Unit, UNSW Clinical School of Clinical Medicine, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rachel Susman
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (R.A.); (H.M.F.)
| | - Michael Christie
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Pathology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mark A. Jenkins
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rish K. Pai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA;
| | - Christophe Rosty
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (K.M.); (J.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.J.); (P.G.); (S.J.); (S.G.P.); (B.J.P.); (D.D.B.)
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Finlay A. Macrae
- Genomic Medicine and Familial Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (F.A.M.); (I.M.W.)
- Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ingrid M. Winship
- Genomic Medicine and Familial Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (F.A.M.); (I.M.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Daniel D. Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (K.M.); (J.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.J.); (P.G.); (S.J.); (S.G.P.); (B.J.P.); (D.D.B.)
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Genomic Medicine and Familial Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (F.A.M.); (I.M.W.)
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Walker R, Clendenning M, Joo JE, Xue J, Mahmood K, Georgeson P, Como J, Joseland S, Preston SG, Chan JM, Jenkins MA, Rosty C, Macrae FA, Di Palma S, Campbell A, Winship IM, Buchanan DD. A mosaic pathogenic variant in MSH6 causes MSH6-deficient colorectal and endometrial cancer in a patient classified as suspected Lynch syndrome: a case report. Fam Cancer 2023; 22:423-428. [PMID: 37318702 PMCID: PMC10541337 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-023-00337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Germline pathogenic variants in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes (Lynch syndrome) predispose to colorectal (CRC) and endometrial (EC) cancer. However, mosaic variants in the MMR genes have been rarely described. We identified a likely de novo mosaic MSH6:c.1135_1139del p.Arg379* pathogenic variant in a patient diagnosed with suspected Lynch syndrome/Lynch-like syndrome. The patient developed MSH6-deficient EC and CRC at 54 and 58 years of age, respectively, without a detectable germline MMR pathogenic variant. Multigene panel sequencing of tumor and blood-derived DNA identified an MSH6 somatic mutation (MSH6:c.1135_1139del p.Arg379*) common to both the EC and CRC, raising suspicion of mosaicism. A droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay detected the MSH6 variant at 5.34% frequency in normal colonic tissue, 3.49% in saliva and 1.64% in blood DNA, demonstrating the presence of the MSH6 variant in all three germ layers. This study highlights the utility of tumor sequencing to guide sensitive ddPCR testing to detect low-level mosaicism in the MMR genes. Further investigation of the prevalence of MMR mosaicism is needed to inform routine diagnostic approaches and genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Walker
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Mark Clendenning
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jihoon E Joo
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jessie Xue
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Peter Georgeson
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Julia Como
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sharelle Joseland
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Susan G Preston
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - James M Chan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Christophe Rosty
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Finlay A Macrae
- Genomic Medicine and Familial Cancer Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | | | - Ainsley Campbell
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Ingrid M Winship
- Genomic Medicine and Familial Cancer Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Familial Cancer Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
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Chan JM, Tran T, Mathew A, Troutbeck R. Outcomes of cataract surgery in paediatric uveitis: A multisite study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 51:732-734. [PMID: 37496107 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James M Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tuan Tran
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anu Mathew
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn Troutbeck
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Chan JM, Clendenning M, Joseland S, Georgeson P, Mahmood K, Walker R, Como J, Joo JE, Preston S, Hutchinson RA, Pope BJ, Metz A, Beard C, Purvis R, Arnold J, Vijay V, Konycheva G, Atkinson N, Parry S, Jenkins MA, Macrae FA, Rosty C, Winship IM, Buchanan DD. Rare germline variants in the AXIN2 gene in families with colonic polyposis and colorectal cancer. Fam Cancer 2022; 21:399-413. [PMID: 34817745 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-021-00283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Germline loss-of-function variants in AXIN2 are associated with oligodontia and ectodermal dysplasia. The association between colorectal cancer (CRC) and colonic polyposis is less clear despite this gene now being included in multi-gene panels for CRC. Study participants were people with genetically unexplained colonic polyposis recruited to the Genetics of Colonic Polyposis Study who had a rare germline AXIN2 gene variant identified from either clinical multi-gene panel testing (n=2) or from whole genome/exome sequencing (n=2). Variant segregation in relatives and characterisation of tumour tissue were performed where possible. Four different germline pathogenic variants in AXIN2 were identified in four families. Five of the seven carriers of the c.1049delC, p.Pro350Leufs*13 variant, two of the six carriers of the c.1994dupG, p.Asn666Glnfs*41 variant, all three carriers of c.1972delA, p.Ser658Alafs*31 variant and the single proband carrier of the c.2405G>C, p.Arg802Thr variant, which creates an alternate splice form resulting in a frameshift mutation (p.Glu763Ilefs*42), were affected by CRC and/or polyposis. Carriers had a mean age at diagnosis of CRC/polyposis of 52.5 ± 9.2 years. Colonic polyps were typically pan colonic with counts ranging from 5 to >100 (median 12.5) comprising predominantly adenomatous polyps but also serrated polyps. Two CRCs from carriers displayed evidence of a second hit via loss of heterozygosity. Oligodontia was observed in carriers from two families. Germline AXIN2 pathogenic variants from four families were associated with CRC and/or polyposis in multiple family members. These findings support the inclusion of AXIN2 in CRC and polyposis multigene panels for clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Chan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mark Clendenning
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sharelle Joseland
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Peter Georgeson
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Romy Walker
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Julia Como
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jihoon E Joo
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Susan Preston
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ryan A Hutchinson
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Bernard J Pope
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Andrew Metz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Catherine Beard
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rebecca Purvis
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Australia
| | - Julie Arnold
- New Zealand Familial Gastrointestinal Cancer Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Varnika Vijay
- New Zealand Familial Gastrointestinal Cancer Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Galina Konycheva
- New Zealand Familial Gastrointestinal Cancer Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nathan Atkinson
- New Zealand Familial Gastrointestinal Cancer Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Susan Parry
- New Zealand Familial Gastrointestinal Cancer Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Finlay A Macrae
- Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Christophe Rosty
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Brisbane, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ingrid M Winship
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia. .,University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia. .,Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia. .,Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, 3010, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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6
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Chan JM, Carroll MW, Smyth M, Hamilton Z, Prosser R, Evans D, Rosenfeld G, Jacobson K. A215 CHANGING INCIDENCE OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN THE PEDIATRIC POPULATION OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J M Chan
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M W Carroll
- Divison of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Smyth
- Divison of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Z Hamilton
- Divison of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R Prosser
- Divison of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D Evans
- Divison of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - G Rosenfeld
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K Jacobson
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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7
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Krishnamurthy S, Gnanasammandhan MK, Xie C, Huang K, Cui MY, Chan JM. Monocyte cell membrane-derived nanoghosts for targeted cancer therapy. Nanoscale 2016; 8:6981-5. [PMID: 26975904 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07588b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell type 'nanoghosts' were synthesized with a drug-loaded biodegradable PLGA core and a monocyte cell membrane-derived shell. The nanoghosts were monodisperse with an average size <200 nm, and showed good serum stability for 120 h. Doxorubicin-loaded nanoghosts showed greater cellular uptake and cytotoxicity compared to non-coated nanoparticle controls in metastatic MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishnamurthy
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Block N1.3, #B4-10, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457.
| | - M K Gnanasammandhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA, #03-12, Singapore 117575
| | - C Xie
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Block N1.3, #B4-10, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457.
| | - K Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA, #03-12, Singapore 117575
| | - M Y Cui
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Block N1.3, #B4-10, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457.
| | - J M Chan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Block N1.3, #B4-10, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457.
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8
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Garcia-Albeniz X, Chan JM, Paciorek A, Logan RW, Kenfield SA, Cooperberg MR, Carroll PR, Hernán MA. Immediate versus deferred initiation of androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer patients with PSA-only relapse. An observational follow-up study. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51:817-24. [PMID: 25794605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal timing to start androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer patients with rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as the only sign of relapse is unknown. METHODS We identified men with prostate cancer in the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavour (CaPSURE) study who would have been eligible (⩽ cT3aN0M0, primary radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy, PSA relapse as the only evidence of recurrence) for a randomised trial comparing 'immediate' versus 'deferred' ADT initiation. We emulated such trial by assigning patients to the 'immediate' strategy if they initiated ADT within 3 months of PSA relapse and to the 'deferred' strategy if they initiated ADT when they presented with metastasis, symptoms or a short PSA doubling time. We censored patients when they deviated from the assigned strategy and adjusted for this censoring via inverse probability weighting. RESULTS Of 2096 eligible patients (median age 69, interquartile range 63-75 years), 88% were white, 35% had a Gleason score ⩾ 7, 69% were treated with radical prostatectomy and 31% received radiotherapy only as primary treatment. The mean time from primary treatment to PSA relapse was 37.4 (standard deviation [SD] 34.2) months. Mean follow-up from primary treatment was 91.4 (SD 48.4) months. The adjusted mortality hazard ratio for immediate versus deferred ADT was 0.91 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.52-1.60), which would be translated into a similar 5-year survival (difference between groups: -2.0% (95% CI: -10.0 to 5.9%). CONCLUSION Our analysis suggests that prostate cancer patients undergoing immediate ADT initiation within three months after PSA-only relapse had similar survival to those who deferred ADT initiation within 3 months after clinical progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Garcia-Albeniz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - J M Chan
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - A Paciorek
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - R W Logan
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S A Kenfield
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - M R Cooperberg
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - P R Carroll
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - M A Hernán
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, United States
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9
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Glass AS, Porten SP, Bonham M, Tran TC, Cowan JE, Punnen S, Chan JM, Carroll PR. Active surveillance: does serial prostate biopsy increase histological inflammation? Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2013; 16:165-9. [PMID: 23318528 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2012.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active surveillance (AS) is an appropriate management strategy for men with low-risk prostate cancer. Most protocols recommend repeated prostate biopsy every 12-24 months. The purpose of this paper is to describe histological inflammation patterns in men on AS who underwent serial prostate biopsy for disease monitoring. METHODS We reviewed records of men on AS from January 1999 through February 2011 who had a diagnostic plus ≥1 repeat transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies performed at our institution. The type and degree of inflammatory infiltrate were grossly reviewed and scored for each patient's biopsy by a single pathologist. Relationship of inflammation severity and number of serial biopsies was assessed using a repeated measures mixed model. Unpaired t-test and χ(2)-square analysis assessed variance in degree of inflammation and location of inflammation relative to cancer grade progression defined as Gleason sum increase. RESULTS Fifty-six men met study inclusion criteria. Mean age was 62.1 (6.5) years, 71% were stage cT1c, 79% had a PSA level <10 ng ml(-1), and 98% had diagnostic Gleason sum ≤6. A small, statistically significant increase in maximum chronic inflammation (CI) scores with greater number of repeat biopsies was observed. CI scores were not associated with number of biopsies based on upgrade status. The main limitation to our study is our small sample size. Potential unmeasured confounders, such as unreported antibiotic use or symptomatic prostatitis, may have also affected our findings. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study of 56 men on AS for localized prostate cancer, degree of chronic histological inflammation increased with greater number of prostate biopsies, but was not associated with subsequent risk of grade progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Glass
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-1695, USA.
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10
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Tasian GE, Cooperberg MR, Potter MB, Cowan JE, Greene KL, Carroll PR, Chan JM. Erratum: PSA screening: determinants of primary-care physician practice patterns. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2012.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Tasian GE, Cooperberg MR, Potter MB, Cowan JE, Greene KL, Carroll PR, Chan JM. PSA screening: determinants of primary-care physician practice patterns. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2011; 15:189-94. [PMID: 22343837 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2011.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of practice guidelines and the European Randomised Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) and Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) trials on PSA screening practices of primary-care physicians (PCPs) is unknown. METHODS We conducted a national cross-sectional on-line survey of a random sample of 3010 PCPs from July to August 2010. Participants were queried about their knowledge of prostate cancer, PSA screening guidelines, the ERSPC and PLCO trials, and about their PSA screening practices. Factors associated with PSA screening were identified using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS A total of 152 (5%) participants opened and 89 completed the on-line survey, yielding a response rate of 58% for those that viewed the invitation. Eighty percent of respondents correctly identified prostate cancer risk factors. In all, 51% and 64% reported that they discuss and order PSA screening for men aged 50-75 years, respectively. Fifty-four percent were most influenced by the US Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines. Also, 21% and 28% of respondents stated that their PSA screening practices were influenced by the ERSPC and PLCO trials, respectively. Medical specialty was the only variable associated with propensity to screen, with family medicine physicians more likely to use PSA screening than internists (β=0.21, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Half of the physicians surveyed did not routinely discuss PSA screening with eligible patients. The impact of the ERSPC and PLCO trials on PSA screening practices was low among US PCPs. USPSTF recommendations for PSA screening continue to be the strongest influence on PCPs' propensity to use PSA screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Tasian
- Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (work conducted while at the University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA), Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Zhang L, Gu FX, Chan JM, Wang AZ, Langer RS, Farokhzad OC. Nanoparticles in Medicine: Therapeutic Applications and Developments. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007; 83:761-9. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1792] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Shannon J, Shikany JM, Barrett-Connor E, Marshall LM, Bunker CH, Chan JM, Stone KL, Orwoll E. Demographic factors associated with the diet quality of older US men: baseline data from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. Public Health Nutr 2007; 10:810-8. [PMID: 17381915 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980007258604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Throughout the world, the proportion of the male population aged 65 years and older is increasing. Yet, we have limited information regarding diet quality and predictors of diet quality in this segment of the population. The objectives of the current analyses are to describe the diet quality of a cohort of men >65 years of age, and identify lifestyle factors associated with poor diet quality. METHODS We present a cross-sectional analysis of the diet quality of 5928 men, aged 65-100 years, who are participants in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) cohort study. Dietary intake was determined using a modified Block 98 food-frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was calculated using the previously validated Diet Quality Index-Revised (DQI-R). Univariate and multivariate modelling was used to estimate the variance in diet quality predicted by a number of sociodemographic factors, including age, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), marital status, education, smoking status, physical activity, self-perceived health and nutritional supplement use. RESULTS Overall, we found that in this geographically diverse group of older men, diet quality was low, with a mean modified DQI-R for the entire study population of 62.5 (standard deviation 13.1) out of an ideal of 100. Further, younger age, very low total calorie intake (< or = 1187 kcal day- 1), higher BMI, residence in a North or Southeast community, being of African-American or Hispanic race, being less educated, not using dietary supplements and smoking were each significant independent predictors of a poorer diet. CONCLUSION These data may prove useful in both understanding the dietary intake of older US men as it relates to published dietary guidelines, and for targeting future dietary intervention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shannon
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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14
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Bogen KT, Keating GA, Chan JM, Paine LJ, Simms EL, Nelson DO, Holly EA. Highly elevated PSA and dietary PhIP intake in a prospective clinic-based study among African Americans. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2007; 10:261-9. [PMID: 17224912 DOI: 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
African-American men die from prostate cancer (PC) nearly twice as often as white US men and consume about twice as much of the predominant US dietary heterocyclic amine, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), a genotoxic rat-prostate carcinogen found primarily in well-cooked chicken and beef. To investigate the hypothesis that PhIP exposure increases PC risk, an ongoing prospective clinic-based study compared PC screening outcomes with survey-based estimates of dietary PhIP intake among 40-70-year-old African-American men with no prior PC in Oakland, CA. They completed food-frequency and meat-cooking/consumption questionnaires and had a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and digital-rectal exam. Results for 392 men indicated a 17 (+/-17) ng/kg day mean (+/-1 s.d.) daily intake of PhIP, about twice that of white US men of similar age. PhIP intake was attributable mostly to chicken (61%) and positively associated (R(2)=0.32, P<0.0001) with saturated fat intake. An odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 31 (3.1-690) for highly elevated PSA > or =20 ng/ml was observed in the highest 15% vs lowest 50% of estimated daily PhIP intake (> or =30 vs < or =10 ng/kg day) among men 50+ years old (P=0.0002 for trend) and remained significant after adjustment for self-reported family history of (brother or father) PC, saturated fat intake and total energy intake. PSA measures were higher in African-American men with positive family history (P=0.007 all men, P<0.0001 highest PSA quartile). These preliminary results are consistent with a positive association between PhIP intake and highly elevated PSA, supporting the hypothesis that dietary intervention may help reduce PC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Bogen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Energy and Environment Directorate, University of California, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
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15
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Chan JM, Latini DM, Cowan J, Duchane J, Carroll PR. History of diabetes, clinical features of prostate cancer, and prostate cancer recurrence-data from CaPSURE (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2006; 16:789-97. [PMID: 16132789 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-005-3301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2004] [Accepted: 03/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a growing epidemiologic literature suggesting an inverse association between history of diabetes and risk of incident prostate cancer. To our knowledge, the relationship between diabetes and tumor features and risk of recurrence among men with prostate cancer has not been examined previously. We hypothesized that men with diabetes would present with more favorable prostate cancer and experience lower risk of recurrence. METHODS We identified 691 men with diabetes at the time of prostate cancer diagnosis, among 6722 men diagnosed with prostate cancer in 1989 to 2002 within CaPSURE(TM), a community-based prostate cancer registry study. We compared clinical and socio-demographic variables by diabetes status, using chi2 tests, t-tests, and multinomial logistic regression. We examined recurrence rates for prostate cancer among patients with and without diabetes using Kaplan-Meier log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS In multivariate analyses, history of diabetes was not associated with any diagnostic clinical parameter, and treatment-specific recurrence rates for prostate cancer generally did not differ by diabetes history. Among men with low-prognostic risk or who were younger at prostate cancer diagnosis, being diabetic (versus not) was associated with an elevated risk of recurrence after radiation therapy, in multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to data suggesting that diabetes may be modestly protective against risk of incident prostate cancer, we did not observe any evidence of an inverse association between history of diabetes and aggressiveness at diagnosis or risk of recurrence, in this population of men with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chan
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-1695, USA.
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16
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Chan JM, Elkin EP, Silva SJ, Broering JM, Latini DM, Carroll PR. Total and specific complementary and alternative medicine use in a large cohort of men with prostate cancer. Urology 2005; 66:1223-8. [PMID: 16360447 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2005.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2005] [Accepted: 06/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess specific complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE), a large, community-based national registry of men with prostate cancer. METHODS We examined more than 50 types of CAM use in a large, national, community-based registry of men with prostate cancer (CaPSURE). Participants completed biannual surveys within 2 years of diagnosis and treatment. We analyzed associations of CAM use with sociodemographic and clinical features, using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS One third of 2582 respondents reported using CAM. Common practices included vitamin and mineral supplements (26%), herbs (16%), antioxidants (13%), and CAM for prostate health (12%; eg, saw palmetto, selenium, vitamin E, lycopene). In multivariate analyses, users were more likely to have other comorbid conditions, worse cancer grade at diagnosis, higher incomes, more education, and to live in the West. CONCLUSIONS Complementary and alternative medicine use was associated with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics in this large sample of men with prostate cancer. These results should be considered by health care professionals counseling men with prostate cancer regarding diet and secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chan
- Department of Urology, University of California-San Francisco, California 94143-1695, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chan
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chan
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Chan JM, Stampfer MJ, Ma J, Gann PH, Gaziano JM, Giovannucci EL. Dairy products, calcium, and prostate cancer risk in the Physicians' Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 74:549-54. [PMID: 11566656 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/74.4.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high calcium intake, mainly from dairy products, may increase prostate cancer risk by lowering concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)], a hormone thought to protect against prostate cancer. The results of epidemiologic studies of this hypothesis are inconclusive. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between dairy product and calcium intakes and prostate cancer risk in the Physicians' Health Study, a cohort of male US physicians. DESIGN At baseline, the men answered abbreviated dietary questionnaires. During 11 y of follow-up, we documented 1012 incident cases of prostate cancer among 20885 men. We estimated dairy calcium intake on the basis of consumption of 5 major dairy products and used logistic regression to estimate relative risk. RESULTS At baseline, men who consumed >600 mg Ca/d from skim milk had lower plasma 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) concentrations than did those consuming < or =150 mg Ca/d [71 compared with 85 pmol/L (30.06 compared with 35.64 pg/mL); P = 0.005]. Compared with men consuming < or =0.5 daily servings of dairy products, those consuming >2.5 servings had a multivariate relative risk of prostate cancer of 1.34 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.71) after adjustment for baseline age, body mass index, smoking, exercise, and randomized treatment assignment in the original placebo-controlled trial. Compared with men consuming < or =150 mg Ca/d from dairy products, men consuming >600 mg/d had a 32% higher risk of prostate cancer (95% CI: 1.08, 1.63). CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis that dairy products and calcium are associated with a greater risk of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chan
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
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Ma J, Giovannucci E, Pollak M, Chan JM, Gaziano JM, Willett W, Stampfer MJ. Milk intake, circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I, and risk of colorectal cancer in men. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93:1330-6. [PMID: 11535708 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/93.17.1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milk and dietary calcium may have antiproliferative effects against colorectal cancer, but milk intake also raises serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). A high ratio of IGF-I to IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) has been linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer. METHODS In a case-control study nested in the Physicians' Health Study, plasma samples were collected from the period 1982 through 1983 from 14 916 men, aged 40-84 years, who also answered dietary questionnaires. Circulating levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were assayed among 193 men who developed colorectal cancer during 13 years of follow-up and 318 age- and smoking-matched cancer-free control men. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess relative risks (RRs) of colorectal cancer for tertiles of IGF-I/IGFBP-3 and dietary factors. Statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Overall, there was a moderate but statistically nonsignificant inverse association between intake of low-fat milk or calcium from dairy food and colorectal cancer risk. Intake of dairy food (especially low-fat milk) was also positively and moderately associated with plasma levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 among control men. We observed a statistically significant interaction between low-fat milk intake and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 in association with risk of colorectal cancer (P(interaction) =.03). Nondrinkers with IGF-I/IGFBP-3 in the highest tertile had a threefold higher risk than nondrinkers with IGF-I/IGFBP-3 in the lowest tertile (RR = 3.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29 to 7.24), but no such increase was seen among frequent low-fat milk drinkers (RR = 1.05; 95% CI = 0.41 to 2.69). Conversely, among men with high IGF-I/IGFBP-3, frequent low-fat milk drinkers had a 60% lower risk (95% CI = 0.17 to 0.87; P(trend) =.02) than nondrinkers. CONCLUSION Intake of dairy products was associated with a modest increase in circulating IGF-I levels, but intake of low-fat milk was associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer, particularly among individuals with high IGF-I/IGFBP-3. This subpopulation, which is at increased risk of colorectal cancer, might benefit the most from specific dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ma
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Chan JM, Pietinen P, Virtanen M, Malila N, Tangrea J, Albanes D, Virtamo J. Diet and prostate cancer risk in a cohort of smokers, with a specific focus on calcium and phosphorus (Finland). Cancer Causes Control 2000; 11:859-67. [PMID: 11075876 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008947201132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium, phosphorus, fructose, and animal protein are hypothesized to be associated with prostate cancer risk, potentially via their influence on 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. We examined these nutrients and overall diet and prostate cancer risk in the Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC Study). MATERIALS AND METHODS The ATBC Study was a randomized 2 x 2 trial of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene on lung cancer incidence conducted among Finnish male smokers; 27,062 of the men completed a food-use questionnaire at baseline, and comprise the current study population. There were 184 incident clinical (stage 2-4) prostate cancer cases diagnosed between 1985 and 1993. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine associations between dietary intakes and prostate cancer. RESULTS We did not observe significant independent associations for calcium and phosphorus and prostate cancer risk. However, men with lower calcium and higher phosphorus intake had a multivariate relative risk of 0.6 (95% CI 0.3-1.0) compared to men with lower intakes of both nutrients, adjusting for age, smoking, body mass index, total energy, education, and supplementation group. Of the other foods and nutrients examined, none was significantly associated with risk. DISCUSSION This study provides, at best, only weak evidence for the hypothesis that calcium and phosphorus are independently associated with prostate cancer risk, but suggests that there may be an interaction between these nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chan
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Christiansen J, Chan JM, Seefeldt LC, Dean DR. The role of the MoFe protein alpha-125Phe and beta-125Phe residues in Azotobacter vinelandii MoFe protein-Fe protein interaction. J Inorg Biochem 2000; 80:195-204. [PMID: 11001089 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(00)00083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Site-directed mutagenesis and gene-replacement techniques were used to substitute alanine for the MoFe protein alpha- and beta-subunit phenylalanine-125 residues both separately and in combination. These residues are located on the surface of the MoFe protein near the pseudosymmetric axis of symmetry between the alpha- and beta-subunits. Altered MoFe proteins that contain an alanine substitution at only one of the respective positions exhibit proton reduction activities of about 25-50% when compared to that of the wild-type protein. The lower level of proton reduction also corresponds with decreases in the rates of MgATP hydrolysis. The MoFe protein which contains alanine substitutions in both the alpha- and beta- subunits did not exhibit any proton reduction activity or MgATP hydrolysis. Stopped flow spectrophotometry of the singly substituted MoFe proteins indicate primary electron transfer rate constants approximately an order of magnitude slower than what is observed for wild-type MoFe protein, while no primary electron transfer is observed for the doubly substituted MoFe protein. The doubly substituted MoFe protein is able to interact with the Fe protein as shown by chemical crosslinking experiments. However, this protein does not form a tight complex with the Fe protein when treated with MgADP-AlF4- or when using the altered 127delta Fe protein. Stopped flow spectrophotometry was also used to quantitate the first-order dissociation rate constants for the two component proteins. These results suggest that the 125Phe residues are involved in an early event(s) that occurs upon component protein docking and could be involved in eliciting MgATP hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christiansen
- Department of Biochemistry, Fralin Biotechnology Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, USA
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Chan JM, Wu W, Dean DR, Seefeldt LC. Construction and characterization of a heterodimeric iron protein: defining roles for adenosine triphosphate in nitrogenase catalysis. Biochemistry 2000; 39:7221-8. [PMID: 10852721 DOI: 10.1021/bi000219q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One molecule of MgATP binds to each subunit of the homodimeric Fe protein component of nitrogenase. Both MgATP molecules are hydrolyzed to MgADP and P(i) in reactions coupled to the transfer of one electron into the MoFe protein component. As an approach to assess the contributions of individual ATP binding sites, a heterodimeric Fe protein was produced that has an Asn substituted for residue 39 in the ATP binding domain in one subunit, while the normal Asp(39) residue within the other subunit remains unchanged. Separation of the heterodimeric Fe protein from a mixed population with homodimeric Fe proteins contained in crude extracts was accomplished by construction of a seven His tag on one subunit and a differential immobilized-metal-affinity chromatography technique. Three forms of the Fe protein (wild-type homodimeric Fe protein [Asp(39)/Asp(39)], altered homodimeric Fe protein [Asn(39)/Asn(39)], and heterodimeric Fe protein [Asp(39)/Asn(39)]) were compared on the basis of the biochemical and biophysical changes elicited by nucleotide binding. Among those features examined were the MgATP- and MgADP-induced protein conformational changes that are manifested by the susceptibility of the [4Fe-4S] cluster to chelation and by alterations in the electron paramagnetic resonance, circular dichroism, and midpoint potential of the [4Fe-4S] cluster. The results indicate that changes in the [4Fe-4S] cluster caused by nucleotide binding are the result of additive conformational changes contributed by the individual subunits. The [Asp(39)/Asn(39)] Fe protein did not support substrate reduction activity but did hydrolyze MgATP and showed MgATP-dependent primary electron transfer to the MoFe protein. These results support a model where each MgATP site contributes to the rate acceleration of primary electron transfer, but both MgATP sites must be functioning properly for substrate reduction. Like the altered homodimeric [Asn(39)/Asn(39)] Fe protein, the heterodimeric [Asp(39)/Asn(39)] Fe protein was found to form a high affinity complex with the MoFe protein, revealing that alteration on one subunit is sufficient to create a tight complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan 84322, USA
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Chan JM, Stampfer MJ, Giovannucci E, Ma J, Pollak M. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-binding protein-3 and prostate cancer risk: epidemiological studies. Growth Horm IGF Res 2000; 10 Suppl A:S32-S33. [PMID: 10984284 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-6374(00)90015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Chan
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ma J, Pollak M, Giovannucci E, Chan JM, Tao Y, Hennekens C, Stampfer MJ. A prospective study of plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3, and colorectal cancer risk among men. Growth Horm IGF Res 2000; 10 Suppl A:S28-S29. [PMID: 10984282 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-6374(00)90013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Ma
- Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Chan JM, Stampfer MJ, Ma J, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL. Supplemental vitamin E intake and prostate cancer risk in a large cohort of men in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1999; 8:893-9. [PMID: 10548318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A clinical trial of vitamin E and beta-carotene supplementation for lung cancer prevention among male smokers in Finland recently reported an unexpected, strong protective effect of vitamin E against prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Our objective was to prospectively examine supplemental vitamin E intake and prostate cancer risk in a distinct U.S. population. In 1986, we identified 47,780 U.S. male health professionals, free from diagnosed cancer, who completed a dietary and lifestyle questionnaire; supplemental vitamin E and prostate cancer incidence were updated biennially through 1996. We estimated relative risks (RRs) from multivariate pooled logistic regression models. There were 1896 total (non-stage A1), 522 extraprostatic, and 232 metastatic or fatal incident prostate cancer cases diagnosed between 1986-1996. Men consuming at least 100 IU of supplemental vitamin E daily had multivariate RRs of 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95-1.20) for total and 1.14 (95% CI, 0.82-1.59) for metastatic or fatal prostate cancer compared with those consuming none. Current use, dosage, and total duration of use of specific vitamin E supplements or multivitamins were not associated with risk. However, among current smokers and recent quitters, those who consumed at least 100 IU of supplemental vitamin E per day had a RR of 0.44 (95% CI, 0.18-1.07) for metastatic or fatal prostate cancer compared with nonusers. Thus, supplemental vitamin E was not associated with prostate cancer risk generally, but a suggestive inverse association between supplemental vitamin E and risk of metastatic or fatal prostate cancer among current smokers and recent quitters was consistent with the Finnish trial among smokers and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chan
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Chan JM, Ryle MJ, Seefeldt LC. Evidence that MgATP accelerates primary electron transfer in a Clostridium pasteurianum Fe protein-Azotobacter vinelandii MoFe protein nitrogenase tight complex. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:17593-8. [PMID: 10364195 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.25.17593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The nitrogenase catalytic cycle involves binding of the iron (Fe) protein to the molybdenum-iron (MoFe) protein, transfer of a single electron from the Fe protein to the MoFe protein concomitant with the hydrolysis of at least two MgATP molecules, followed by dissociation of the two proteins. Earlier studies found that combining the Fe protein isolated from the bacterium Clostridium pasteurianum with the MoFe protein isolated from the bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii resulted in an inactive, nondissociating Fe protein-MoFe protein complex. In the present work, it is demonstrated that primary electron transfer occurs within this nitrogenase tight complex in the absence of MgATP (apparent first-order rate constant k = 0.007 s-1) and that MgATP accelerates this electron transfer reaction by more than 10,000-fold to rates comparable to those observed within homologous nitrogenase complexes (k = 100 s-1). Electron transfer reactions were confirmed by EPR spectroscopy. Finally, the midpoint potentials (Em) for the Fe protein [4Fe-4S]2+/+ cluster and the MoFe protein P2+/N cluster were determined for both the uncomplexed and complexed proteins and with or without MgADP. Calculations from electron transfer theory indicate that the measured changes in Em are not likely to be sufficient to account for the observed nucleotide-dependent rate accelerations for electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
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Chan JM, Christiansen J, Dean DR, Seefeldt LC. Spectroscopic evidence for changes in the redox state of the nitrogenase P-cluster during turnover. Biochemistry 1999; 38:5779-85. [PMID: 10231529 DOI: 10.1021/bi982866b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation catalyzed by nitrogenase requires the participation of two component proteins called the Fe protein and the MoFe protein. Each alphabeta catalytic unit of the MoFe protein contains an [8Fe-7S] cluster and a [7Fe-9S-Mo-homocitrate] cluster, respectively designated the P-cluster and FeMo-cofactor. FeMo-cofactor is known to provide the site of substrate reduction whereas the P-cluster has been suggested to function in nitrogenase catalysis by providing an intermediate electron-transfer site. In the present work, evidence is presented for redox changes of the P-cluster during the nitrogenase catalytic cycle from examination of an altered MoFe protein that has the beta-subunit serine-188 residue substituted by cysteine. This residue was targeted for substitution because it provides a reversible redox-dependent ligand to one of the P-cluster Fe atoms. The altered beta-188(Cys) MoFe protein was found to reduce protons, acetylene, and nitrogen at rates approximately 30% of that supported by the wild-type MoFe protein. In the dithionite-reduced state, the beta-188(Cys) MoFe protein exhibited unusual electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals arising from a mixed spin state system (S = 5/2, 1/2) that integrated to 0.6 spin/alphabeta-unit. These EPR signals were assigned to the P-cluster because they were also present in an apo-form of the beta-188(Cys) MoFe protein that does not contain FeMo-cofactor. Mediated voltammetry was used to show that the intensity of the EPR signals was maximal near -475 mV at pH 8.0 and that the P-cluster could be reversibly oxidized or reduced with concomitant loss in intensity of the EPR signals. A midpoint potential (Em) of -390 mV was approximated for the oxidized/resting state couple at pH 8.0, which was observed to be pH dependent. Finally, the EPR signals exhibited by the beta-188(Cys) MoFe protein greatly diminished in intensity under nitrogenase turnover conditions and reappeared to the original intensity when the MoFe protein returned to the resting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan 84322, USA
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Ma J, Pollak MN, Giovannucci E, Chan JM, Tao Y, Hennekens CH, Stampfer MJ. Prospective study of colorectal cancer risk in men and plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91:620-5. [PMID: 10203281 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/91.7.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 718] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a potent mitogen for normal and neoplastic cells, whereas IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) inhibits cell growth in many experimental systems. Acromegalics, who have abnormally high levels of growth hormone and IGF-I, have higher rates of colorectal cancer. We therefore examined associations of plasma levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 with the risk of colorectal cancer in a prospective case-control study nested in the Physicians' Health Study. METHODS Plasma samples were collected at baseline from 14916 men without diagnosed cancer. IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 were assayed among 193 men later diagnosed with colorectal cancer during 14 years of follow-up and among 318 age- and smoking-matched control subjects. All P values are two-sided. RESULTS IGFBP-3 levels correlated with IGF-I levels (r=.64) and with IGF-II levels (r=.90). After controlling for IGFBP-3, age, smoking, body mass index (weight in kg/[height in m]2), and alcohol intake, men in the highest quintile for IGF-I had an increased risk of colorectal cancer compared with men in the lowest quintile (relative risk [RR]=2.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.15-5.46; P for trend = .02). After controlling for IGF-I and other covariates, men with higher IGFBP-3 had a lower risk (RR=0.28; 95% CI=0.12-0.66; P for trend = .005, comparing extreme quintiles). The associations were consistent during the first and the second 7-year follow-up intervals and among younger and older men. IGF-II was not associated with risk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are related to future risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ma
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Chan JM, Giovannucci E, Andersson SO, Yuen J, Adami HO, Wolk A. Dairy products, calcium, phosphorous, vitamin D, and risk of prostate cancer (Sweden). Cancer Causes Control 1998; 9:559-66. [PMID: 10189041 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008823601897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dairy products consistently have been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, yet the mechanism of this relationship remains unknown. Recent hypotheses propose that 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25 D) is protective for prostate cancer. One study in the United States found that calcium consumption, which can lower circulating 1,25 D, was associated with higher risk of advanced prostate cancer, and we sought to address this hypothesis in a distinct population. METHODS We analyzed data from a population-based case-control study of prostate cancer conducted in Orebro, Sweden, with 526 cases and 536 controls. Using unconditional logistic regression models, we examined the relationship of dairy products, dietary calcium, phosphorous, and vitamin D with risk of total, extraprostatic, and metastatic prostate cancer. RESULTS Calcium intake was an independent predictor of prostate cancer (relative risk (RR) = 1.91, 95 percent confidence interval (CI) 1.23-2.97 for intake > or = 1183 vs. < 825 mg/day), especially for metastatic tumors (RR = 2.64, 95 percent CI 1.24-5.61), controlling for age, family history of prostate cancer, smoking, and total energy and phosphorous intakes. High consumption of dairy products was associated with a 50 percent increased risk of prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that high calcium intake may increase risk of prostate cancer, and this relation may underlie previously observed associations between dairy products and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chan
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
In recent decades, prostate cancer has emerged as one of the most common diseases among older men, particularly in Western society. Several years ago, only age, race, and family history were known risk factors for this disease. However, today, much progress has been made towards discovering nutritional and hormonal risk factors for prostate cancer. Biomarkers, including testosterone and insulin-like growth factor, and nutritional factors, especially meat, fat, and dairy intake, have been linked to greater risk of disease. Higher consumption of selenium and vitamin E, fructose/fruits, and tomatoes all have been associated with reduced occurrence of prostate cancer, but as yet their efficacy for prevention remains unproven. The challenge of understanding the enigmas of this disease will continue into future decades, as we convert current knowledge into preventive and therapeutic recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chan
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Chan JM, Stampfer MJ, Giovannucci E, Gann PH, Ma J, Wilkinson P, Hennekens CH, Pollak M. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I and prostate cancer risk: a prospective study. Science 1998; 279:563-6. [PMID: 9438850 DOI: 10.1126/science.279.5350.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1453] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a mitogen for prostate epithelial cells. To investigate associations between plasma IGF levels and prostate cancer risk, a nested case-control study within the Physicians' Health Study was conducted on prospectively collected plasma from 152 cases and 152 controls. A strong positive association was observed between IGF-I levels and prostate cancer risk. Men in the highest quartile of IGF-I levels had a relative risk of 4.3 (95 percent confidence interval 1.8 to 10.6) compared with men in the lowest quartile. This association was independent of baseline prostate-specific antigen levels. Identification of plasma IGF-I as a predictor of prostate cancer risk may have implications for risk reduction and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chan
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation between obesity, fat distribution, and weight gain through adulthood and the risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed data from a cohort of 51,529 U.S. male health professionals, 40-75 years of age in 1986, who completed biennial questionnaires sent out in 1986, 1988, 1990, and 1992. During 5 years of follow-up (1987-1992), 272 cases of NIDDM were diagnosed among men without a history of diabetes, heart disease, and cancer in 1986 and who provided complete health information. Relative risks (RRs) associated with different anthropometric measures were calculated controlling for age, and multivariate RRs were calculated controlling for smoking, family history of diabetes, and age. RESULTS We found a strong positive association between overall obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI) and risk of diabetes. Men with a BMI of > or = 35 kg/m2 had a multivariate RR of 42.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.0-80.6) compared with men with a BMI < 23.0 kg/m2. BMI at age 21 and absolute weight gain throughout adulthood were also significant independent risk factors for diabetes. Fat distribution, measured by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), was a good predictor of diabetes only among the top 5%, while waist circumference was positively associated with the risk of diabetes among the top 20% of the cohort. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that waist circumference may be a better indicator than WHR of the relationship between abdominal adiposity and risk of diabetes. Although early obesity, absolute weight gain throughout adulthood, and waist circumference were good predictors of diabetes, attained BMI was the dominant risk factor for NIDDM; even men of average relative weight had significantly elevated RRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chan
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
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Abstract
Health care professionals face a series of taxing, emotionally wrenching, painful experiences as they begin to care for frightened, ill children and their families. Loss, grief, overidentification with patients, and overwhelming anxiety are among their "occupational hazards." Open, frank discussion of intense feelings and reactions and mutual support are essential elements in helping caregivers to cope in ways that do not result in withdrawal from children and families. By developing strategies that reach out to patients and their families, professionals enhance their own personal professional gratification and self-esteem. The insights of parents are used extensively both to illustrate concepts and to emphasize the critical role parents can play as "resources" for professionals and "partners in care."
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Leff
- Coney Island Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
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Abstract
Child maltreatment is a major pediatric health care concern. A large number of children will be admitted to inpatient pediatric settings for treatment of injuries that have resulted from child abuse and/or neglect. This article focuses on the role of play during the abused child's acute inpatient admission. Sensitive crisis management and careful assessment and treatment of the child through play are significant contributions to the comprehensive care of such children.
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Abstract
Chronic childhood illness and hospitalization are stressful events within the family unit. Parental response to the crisis of hospitalization profoundly affects the child's recovery process. This article discusses a team approach toward assessing and understanding parental reactions, methods of offering assistance and guidance, and basic issues and problems concerning staff-parent relationships. The focus is on the pediatric health care "team" as an agent for aiding families.
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Chan JM. Preparation for hospitalisation, procedures and surgery through play. Australas Nurses J 1976; 5:41-4. [PMID: 1051386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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