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Schiffmacher DL, Lee SH, Kliza KW, Theil AF, Akita M, Helfricht A, Bezstarosti K, Gonzalo-Hansen C, van Attikum H, Verlaan-de Vries M, Vertegaal AC, Hoeijmakers JH, Marteijn JA, Lans H, Demmers JA, Vermeulen M, Sixma T, Ogi T, Vermeulen W, Pines A. DDA1, a novel factor in transcription-coupled repair, modulates CRL4 CSA dynamics at DNA damage-stalled RNA polymerase II. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3385435. [PMID: 37886519 PMCID: PMC10602077 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3385435/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Transcription-blocking DNA lesions are specifically targeted by transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), which removes a broad spectrum of DNA lesions to preserve transcriptional output and thereby cellular homeostasis to counteract aging. TC-NER is initiated by the stalling of RNA polymerase II at DNA lesions, which triggers the assembly of the TC-NER-specific proteins CSA, CSB and UVSSA. CSA, a WD40-repeat containing protein, is the substrate receptor subunit of a cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex composed of DDB1, CUL4A/B and RBX1 (CRL4CSA). Although ubiquitination of several TC-NER proteins by CRL4CSA has been reported, it is still unknown how this complex is regulated. To unravel the dynamic molecular interactions and the regulation of this complex, we applied a single-step protein-complex isolation coupled to mass spectrometry analysis and identified DDA1 as a CSA interacting protein. Cryo-EM analysis showed that DDA1 is an integral component of the CRL4CSA complex. Functional analysis revealed that DDA1 coordinates ubiquitination dynamics during TC-NER and is required for efficient turnover and progression of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Llerena Schiffmacher
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Shun-Hsiao Lee
- Division of Biochemistry and Oncode institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Katarzyna W. Kliza
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Current address: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Arjan F. Theil
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Masaki Akita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Current address: Department of Biology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A7, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Angela Helfricht
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karel Bezstarosti
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Camila Gonzalo-Hansen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matty Verlaan-de Vries
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred C.O. Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H.J. Hoeijmakers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- University Hospital of Cologne, CECAD Forschungszentrum, Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931 Köln, Germany
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen A. Marteijn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands
| | - Hannes Lans
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A.A. Demmers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Oncode institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands
| | - Titia Sixma
- Division of Biochemistry and Oncode institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wim Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Pines
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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van’t Sant LJ, Birkisdóttir MB, Ozinga RA, Gyenis Á, Hoeijmakers JH, Vermeij WP, Jaarsma D. Gene expression changes in cerebellum induced by dietary restriction. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1185665. [PMID: 37293544 PMCID: PMC10244750 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1185665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary restriction (DR) is a well-established universal anti-aging intervention, and is neuroprotective in multiple models of nervous system disease, including models with cerebellar pathology. The beneficial effects of DR are associated with a rearrangement of gene expression that modulate metabolic and cytoprotective pathways. However, the effect of DR on the cerebellar transcriptome remained to be fully defined. Results Here we analyzed the effect of a classical 30% DR protocol on the transcriptome of cerebellar cortex of young-adult male mice using RNAseq. We found that about 5% of expressed genes were differentially expressed in DR cerebellum, the far majority of whom showing subtle expression changes. A large proportion of down-regulated genes are implicated in signaling pathways, in particular pathways associated with neuronal signaling. DR up regulated pathways in large part were associated with cytoprotection and DNA repair. Analysis of the expression of cell-specific gene sets, indicated a strong enrichment of DR down genes in Purkinje cells, while genes specifically associated with granule cells did not show such a preferential down-regulation. Conclusion Our data show that DR may have a clear effect on the cerebellar transcriptome inducing a mild shift from physiology towards maintenance and repair, and having cell-type specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María B. Birkisdóttir
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rutger A. Ozinga
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ákos Gyenis
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan H.J. Hoeijmakers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilbert P. Vermeij
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dick Jaarsma
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Abstract
Ageing is a complex, multifaceted process leading to widespread functional decline that affects every organ and tissue, but it remains unknown whether ageing has a unifying causal mechanism or is grounded in multiple sources. Phenotypically, the ageing process is associated with a wide variety of features at the molecular, cellular and physiological level-for example, genomic and epigenomic alterations, loss of proteostasis, declining overall cellular and subcellular function and deregulation of signalling systems. However, the relative importance, mechanistic interrelationships and hierarchical order of these features of ageing have not been clarified. Here we synthesize accumulating evidence that DNA damage affects most, if not all, aspects of the ageing phenotype, making it a potentially unifying cause of ageing. Targeting DNA damage and its mechanistic links with the ageing phenotype will provide a logical rationale for developing unified interventions to counteract age-related dysfunction and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Joris Pothof
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA,Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jan H.J. Hoeijmakers
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany,Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Theil AF, Botta E, Raams A, Smith DE, Mendes MI, Caligiuri G, Giachetti S, Bione S, Carriero R, Liberi G, Zardoni L, Swagemakers SM, Salomons GS, Sarasin A, Lehmann A, van der Spek PJ, Ogi T, Hoeijmakers JH, Vermeulen W, Orioli D. Bi-allelic TARS Mutations Are Associated with Brittle Hair Phenotype. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:434-440. [PMID: 31374204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brittle and "tiger-tail" hair is the diagnostic hallmark of trichothiodystrophy (TTD), a rare recessive disease associated with a wide spectrum of clinical features including ichthyosis, intellectual disability, decreased fertility, and short stature. As a result of premature abrogation of terminal differentiation, the hair is brittle and fragile and contains reduced cysteine content. Hypersensitivity to UV light is found in about half of individuals with TTD; all of these individuals harbor bi-allelic mutations in components of the basal transcription factor TFIIH, and these mutations lead to impaired nucleotide excision repair and basal transcription. Different genes have been found to be associated with non-photosensitive TTD (NPS-TTD); these include MPLKIP (also called TTDN1), GTF2E2 (also called TFIIEβ), and RNF113A. However, a relatively large group of these individuals with NPS-TTD have remained genetically uncharacterized. Here we present the identification of an NPS-TTD-associated gene, threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TARS), found by next-generation sequencing of a group of uncharacterized individuals with NPS-TTD. One individual has compound heterozygous TARS variants, c.826A>G (p.Lys276Glu) and c.1912C>T (p.Arg638∗), whereas a second individual is homozygous for the TARS variant: c.680T>C (p.Leu227Pro). We showed that these variants have a profound effect on TARS protein stability and enzymatic function. Our results expand the spectrum of genes involved in TTD to include genes implicated in amino acid charging of tRNA, which is required for the last step in gene expression, namely protein translation. We previously proposed that some of the TTD-specific features derive from subtle transcription defects as a consequence of unstable transcription factors. We now extend the definition of TTD from a transcription syndrome to a "gene-expression" syndrome.
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Boer M, Lintel Hekkert M, Krabbendam‐Peters I, Blonden LA, Hoeijmakers JH, Duncker DJ. Intact DNA Repair in Differentiated Cardiomyocytes is Essential for Maintaining Cardiac Function in Response to Physiological Stimulus. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.693.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martine Boer
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of CardiologyErasmus MCRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Maaike Lintel Hekkert
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of CardiologyErasmus MCRotterdamNetherlands
| | | | - Lau A. Blonden
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of CardiologyErasmus MCRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Jan H.J. Hoeijmakers
- Department of Molecular GeneticsErasmus MCRotterdamNetherlands
- CECAD ForschungszentrumUniversität zu KölnKölnGermany
| | - Dirk J. Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of CardiologyErasmus MCRotterdamNetherlands
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Laven JS, Visser JA, Uitterlinden AG, Vermeij WP, Hoeijmakers JH. Menopause: Genome stability as new paradigm. Maturitas 2016; 92:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lazzarini E, Carter PR, De Boer M, Balbi C, Altieri P, Pfeffer U, Gambini E, Varesio L, Bosco MC, Coviello D, Pompilio G, Brunelli C, Cancedda R, Ameri P, Bollini S, Mcgowan J, Uppal H, Chandran S, Sarma J, Potluri R, Octavia Y, De Kleijnen MGJ, Van Thiel BS, Ridwan Y, Te Lintel Hekkert M, Van Der Pluijm I, Essers J, Hoeijmakers JH, Duncker DJ. Mechanisms of Cancer-related Cardiomyopathy67Protection against chemotherapy cardiotoxicity by the human amniotic fluid stem cell secretome: a new tool for future paracrine therapy68Hyperlipidaemia reduces mortality in breast, prostate, lung and bowel cancer69DNA-repair in cardiomyocytes is critical for maintaining cardiac function. Cardiovasc Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Pothof J, Verkaik NS, Hoeijmakers JH, van Gent DC. MicroRNA responses and stress granule formation modulate the DNA damage response. Cell Cycle 2014; 8:3462-8. [DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.21.9835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Naipal KA, Verkaik NS, Ameziane N, van Deurzen CH, ter Brugge P, Meijers M, Sieuwerts AM, Martens JW, O'Connor MJ, Vrieling H, Hoeijmakers JH, Jonkers J, Kanaar R, de Winter JP, Vreeswijk MP, Jager A, van Gent DC. Functional Ex Vivo Assay to Select Homologous Recombination–Deficient Breast Tumors for PARP Inhibitor Treatment. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:4816-26. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Vermeij W, de Waard MC, Brandt R, Jaarsma D, Elgersma Y, Tyrelle, G, Bossers K, Wirz K, Swagemakers S, van der Pluijm I, Hoeijmakers JH. Neurodegeneration in accelerated ageing mouse models. Exp Gerontol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jaarsma D, van der Pluijm I, van der Horst GT, Hoeijmakers JH. Cockayne syndrome pathogenesis: Lessons from mouse models. Mech Ageing Dev 2013; 134:180-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Boer M, Deel ED, Kleijnen M, Hoeijmakers JH, Duncker DJ. Diverse Effects of Aging on the Cardiac Response in Pathological Left Ventricular Remodeling and Dysfunction. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1194.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martine Boer
- Experimental CardiologyThoraxcenter, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Elza D. Deel
- Experimental CardiologyThoraxcenter, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Marion Kleijnen
- Experimental CardiologyThoraxcenter, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Jan H.J. Hoeijmakers
- Genetics and Cell Biology, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Dirk J. Duncker
- Experimental CardiologyThoraxcenter, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
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Boer M, Deel ED, Hoeijmakers JH, Duncker DJ. Aging Aggravates Cardiac Dysfunction in Severe, but not in Mild, Pressure‐Overload. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1054.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martine Boer
- Experimental CardiologyThoraxcenterCardiovascular Research School COEURErasmus MCRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Elza D. Deel
- Experimental CardiologyThoraxcenterCardiovascular Research School COEURErasmus MCRotterdamNetherlands
| | | | - Dirk J. Duncker
- Experimental CardiologyThoraxcenterCardiovascular Research School COEURErasmus MCRotterdamNetherlands
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Spoor M, Nagtegaal AP, Ridwan Y, Borgesius NZ, van Alphen B, van der Pluijm I, Hoeijmakers JH, Frens MA, Borst JGG. Accelerated loss of hearing and vision in the DNA-repair deficient Ercc1δ/− mouse. Mech Ageing Dev 2012; 133:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Boer M, Deel ED, Horst GT, Hoeijmakers JH, Duncker DJ. The effects of aging on the cardiac response to hemodynamic overload depend critically on the underlying pathology. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.lb468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martine Boer
- Experimental CardiologyThoraxcenterCardiovascular Research School COEUR
| | - Elza D. Deel
- Experimental CardiologyThoraxcenterCardiovascular Research School COEUR
| | | | | | - Dirk J. Duncker
- Experimental CardiologyThoraxcenterCardiovascular Research School COEUR
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Boer M, Deel ED, Horst GT, Hoeijmakers JH, Duncker DJ. The Effects of Pressure Overload on Cardiac Geometry and Function are Aggravated by Aging. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.596.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martine Boer
- Experimental CardiologyThoraxcenterCardiovascular Research School COEUR
| | - Elza D. Deel
- Experimental CardiologyThoraxcenterCardiovascular Research School COEUR
| | - Gijsbertus T.J. Horst
- Genetics and Cell Biology, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Jan H.J. Hoeijmakers
- Genetics and Cell Biology, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Dirk J. Duncker
- Experimental CardiologyThoraxcenterCardiovascular Research School COEUR
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18
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Inagaki A, van Cappellen WA, van der Laan R, Houtsmuller AB, Hoeijmakers JH, Grootegoed JA, Baarends WM. Dynamic localization of human RAD18 during the cell cycle and a functional connection with DNA double-strand break repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2009; 8:190-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2008.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Melis JP, Wijnhoven SW, Beems RB, Roodbergen M, van den Berg J, Moon H, Friedberg E, van der Horst GT, Hoeijmakers JH, Vijg J, van Steeg H. Mouse Models for Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A and Group C Show Divergent Cancer Phenotypes. Cancer Res 2008; 68:1347-53. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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van de Ven M, Andressoo JO, Holcomb VB, Hasty P, Suh Y, van Steeg H, Garinis GA, Hoeijmakers JH, Mitchell JR. Extended longevity mechanisms in short-lived progeroid mice: identification of a preservative stress response associated with successful aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2007; 128:58-63. [PMID: 17126380 PMCID: PMC1919472 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2006.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Semantic distinctions between "normal" aging, "pathological" aging (or age-related disease) and "premature" aging (otherwise known as segmental progeria) potentially confound important insights into the nature of each of the complex processes. Here we review a recent, unexpected discovery: the presence of longevity-associated characteristics typical of long-lived endocrine-mutant and dietary-restricted animals in short-lived progeroid mice. These data suggest that a subset of symptoms observed in premature aging, and possibly normal aging as well, may be indirect manifestations of a beneficial adaptive stress response to endogenous oxidative damage, rather than a detrimental result of the damage itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke van de Ven
- Medical Genetics Center, Dept of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center of Biomedical Genetics, PO Box 1738, Erasmus MC, 3000DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaan-Olle Andressoo
- Institute of Biotechnology, Viikinkaari 9, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Valerie B. Holcomb
- Dept of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas/Institute of Biotechnology, San Antonio TX, USA
| | - Paul Hasty
- Dept of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas/Institute of Biotechnology, San Antonio TX, USA
| | - Yousin Suh
- Dept of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas/Institute of Biotechnology, San Antonio TX, USA
| | - Harry van Steeg
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Post Office Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - George A. Garinis
- Medical Genetics Center, Dept of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center of Biomedical Genetics, PO Box 1738, Erasmus MC, 3000DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H.J. Hoeijmakers
- Medical Genetics Center, Dept of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center of Biomedical Genetics, PO Box 1738, Erasmus MC, 3000DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James R. Mitchell
- Medical Genetics Center, Dept of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center of Biomedical Genetics, PO Box 1738, Erasmus MC, 3000DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Schul W, Jans J, Rijksen YM, Klemann KH, Eker AP, de Wit J, Nikaido O, Nakajima S, Yasui A, Hoeijmakers JH, van der Horst GT. Enhanced repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and improved UV resistance in photolyase transgenic mice. EMBO J 2002; 21:4719-29. [PMID: 12198174 PMCID: PMC125407 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdf456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During evolution, placental mammals appear to have lost cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase, an enzyme that efficiently removes UV-induced CPDs from DNA in a light-dependent manner. As a consequence, they have to rely solely on the more complex, and for this lesion less efficient, nucleotide excision repair pathway. To assess the contribution of poor repair of CPDs to various biological effects of UV, we generated mice expressing a marsupial CPD photolyase transgene. Expression from the ubiquitous beta-actin promoter allowed rapid repair of CPDs in epidermis and dermis. UV-exposed cultured dermal fibroblasts from these mice displayed superior survival when treated with photoreactivating light. Moreover, photoreactivation of CPDs in intact skin dramatically reduced acute UV effects like erythema (sunburn), hyperplasia and apoptosis. Mice expressing the photolyase from keratin 14 promoter photo reactivate CPDs in basal and early differentiating keratinocytes only. Strikingly, in these animals, the anti-apoptotic effect appears to extend to other skin compartments, suggesting the presence of intercellular apoptotic signals. Thus, providing mice with CPD photolyase significantly improves repair and uncovers the biological effects of CPD lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Osamu Nikaido
- MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands,
Division of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934 and Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan Corresponding author e-mail: W.Schul and J.Jans contributed equally to this work
| | - Satoshi Nakajima
- MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands,
Division of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934 and Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan Corresponding author e-mail: W.Schul and J.Jans contributed equally to this work
| | - Akira Yasui
- MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands,
Division of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934 and Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan Corresponding author e-mail: W.Schul and J.Jans contributed equally to this work
| | | | - Gijsbertus T.J. van der Horst
- MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands,
Division of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934 and Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan Corresponding author e-mail: W.Schul and J.Jans contributed equally to this work
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22
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Takao M, Kanno SI, Shiromoto T, Hasegawa R, Ide H, Ikeda S, Sarker AH, Seki S, Xing JZ, Le X, Weinfeld M, Kobayashi K, Miyazaki JI, Muijtjens M, Hoeijmakers JH, van der Horst G, Yasui A. Novel nuclear and mitochondrial glycosylases revealed by disruption of the mouse Nth1 gene encoding an endonuclease III homolog for repair of thymine glycols. EMBO J 2002; 21:3486-93. [PMID: 12093749 PMCID: PMC125395 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdf350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endonuclease III, encoded by nth in Escherichia coli, removes thymine glycols (Tg), a toxic oxidative DNA lesion. To determine the biological significance of this repair in mammals, we established a mouse model with mutated mNth1, a homolog of nth, by gene targeting. The homozygous mNth1 mutant mice showed no detectable phenotypical abnormality. Embryonic cells with or without wild-type mNth1 showed no difference in sensitivity to menadione or hydrogen peroxide. Tg produced in the mutant mouse liver DNA by X-ray irradiation disappeared with time, though more slowly than in the wild-type mouse. In extracts from mutant mouse liver, we found, instead of mNTH1 activity, at least two novel DNA glycosylase activities against Tg. One activity is significantly higher in the mutant than in wild-type mouse in mitochondria, while the other is another nuclear glycosylase for Tg. These results underscore the importance of base excision repair of Tg both in the nuclei and mitochondria in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tatsuya Shiromoto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575,
Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Medical School, Suita 565-0871, Japan, Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada and MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Present address: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Division, M.S. 74–157 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Present address: Department of Human Nutrition, Chugoku Junior College, Okayama, Japan Corresponding author e-mail: M.Takao and S.-i.Kanno contributed equally to this work
| | - Rei Hasegawa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575,
Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Medical School, Suita 565-0871, Japan, Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada and MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Present address: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Division, M.S. 74–157 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Present address: Department of Human Nutrition, Chugoku Junior College, Okayama, Japan Corresponding author e-mail: M.Takao and S.-i.Kanno contributed equally to this work
| | - Hiroshi Ide
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575,
Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Medical School, Suita 565-0871, Japan, Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada and MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Present address: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Division, M.S. 74–157 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Present address: Department of Human Nutrition, Chugoku Junior College, Okayama, Japan Corresponding author e-mail: M.Takao and S.-i.Kanno contributed equally to this work
| | - Shogo Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575,
Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Medical School, Suita 565-0871, Japan, Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada and MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Present address: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Division, M.S. 74–157 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Present address: Department of Human Nutrition, Chugoku Junior College, Okayama, Japan Corresponding author e-mail: M.Takao and S.-i.Kanno contributed equally to this work
| | - Altraf H. Sarker
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575,
Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Medical School, Suita 565-0871, Japan, Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada and MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Present address: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Division, M.S. 74–157 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Present address: Department of Human Nutrition, Chugoku Junior College, Okayama, Japan Corresponding author e-mail: M.Takao and S.-i.Kanno contributed equally to this work
| | - Shuji Seki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575,
Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Medical School, Suita 565-0871, Japan, Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada and MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Present address: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Division, M.S. 74–157 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Present address: Department of Human Nutrition, Chugoku Junior College, Okayama, Japan Corresponding author e-mail: M.Takao and S.-i.Kanno contributed equally to this work
| | - James Z. Xing
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575,
Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Medical School, Suita 565-0871, Japan, Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada and MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Present address: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Division, M.S. 74–157 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Present address: Department of Human Nutrition, Chugoku Junior College, Okayama, Japan Corresponding author e-mail: M.Takao and S.-i.Kanno contributed equally to this work
| | - X.Chris Le
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575,
Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Medical School, Suita 565-0871, Japan, Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada and MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Present address: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Division, M.S. 74–157 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Present address: Department of Human Nutrition, Chugoku Junior College, Okayama, Japan Corresponding author e-mail: M.Takao and S.-i.Kanno contributed equally to this work
| | - Michael Weinfeld
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575,
Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Medical School, Suita 565-0871, Japan, Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada and MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Present address: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Division, M.S. 74–157 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Present address: Department of Human Nutrition, Chugoku Junior College, Okayama, Japan Corresponding author e-mail: M.Takao and S.-i.Kanno contributed equally to this work
| | | | - Jun-ichi Miyazaki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575,
Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Medical School, Suita 565-0871, Japan, Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada and MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Present address: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Division, M.S. 74–157 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Present address: Department of Human Nutrition, Chugoku Junior College, Okayama, Japan Corresponding author e-mail: M.Takao and S.-i.Kanno contributed equally to this work
| | - Manja Muijtjens
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575,
Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Medical School, Suita 565-0871, Japan, Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada and MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Present address: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Division, M.S. 74–157 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Present address: Department of Human Nutrition, Chugoku Junior College, Okayama, Japan Corresponding author e-mail: M.Takao and S.-i.Kanno contributed equally to this work
| | - Jan H.J. Hoeijmakers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575,
Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Medical School, Suita 565-0871, Japan, Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada and MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Present address: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Division, M.S. 74–157 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Present address: Department of Human Nutrition, Chugoku Junior College, Okayama, Japan Corresponding author e-mail: M.Takao and S.-i.Kanno contributed equally to this work
| | - Gijsbertus van der Horst
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575,
Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Medical School, Suita 565-0871, Japan, Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada and MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Present address: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Division, M.S. 74–157 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Present address: Department of Human Nutrition, Chugoku Junior College, Okayama, Japan Corresponding author e-mail: M.Takao and S.-i.Kanno contributed equally to this work
| | - Akira Yasui
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575,
Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Medical School, Suita 565-0871, Japan, Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada and MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Present address: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Division, M.S. 74–157 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Present address: Department of Human Nutrition, Chugoku Junior College, Okayama, Japan Corresponding author e-mail: M.Takao and S.-i.Kanno contributed equally to this work
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23
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Essers J, Houtsmuller AB, van Veelen L, Paulusma C, Nigg AL, Pastink A, Vermeulen W, Hoeijmakers JH, Kanaar R. Nuclear dynamics of RAD52 group homologous recombination proteins in response to DNA damage. EMBO J 2002; 21:2030-7. [PMID: 11953322 PMCID: PMC125370 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/21.8.2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombination between homologous DNA molecules is essential for the proper maintenance and duplication of the genome, and for the repair of exogenously induced DNA damage such as double-strand breaks. Homologous recombination requires the RAD52 group proteins, including Rad51, Rad52 and Rad54. Upon treatment of mammalian cells with ionizing radiation, these proteins accumulate into foci at sites of DNA damage induction. We show that these foci are dynamic structures of which Rad51 is a stably associated core component, whereas Rad52 and Rad54 rapidly and reversibly interact with the structure. Furthermore, we show that the majority of the proteins are not part of the same multi-protein complex in the absence of DNA damage. Executing DNA transactions through dynamic multi-protein complexes, rather than stable holo-complexes, allows flexibility. In the case of DNA repair, for example, it will facilitate cross-talk between different DNA repair pathways and coupling to other DNA transactions, such as replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Essers
- Departments of
Cell Biology and Genetics and Pathology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rotterdam-Daniel, PO Box 5201, 3008 AE Rotterdam and Department of Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9503, 2300 RF Leiden, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail: J.Essers and A.B.Houtsmuller contributed equally to this work
| | - Adriaan B. Houtsmuller
- Departments of
Cell Biology and Genetics and Pathology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rotterdam-Daniel, PO Box 5201, 3008 AE Rotterdam and Department of Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9503, 2300 RF Leiden, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail: J.Essers and A.B.Houtsmuller contributed equally to this work
| | - Lieneke van Veelen
- Departments of
Cell Biology and Genetics and Pathology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rotterdam-Daniel, PO Box 5201, 3008 AE Rotterdam and Department of Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9503, 2300 RF Leiden, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail: J.Essers and A.B.Houtsmuller contributed equally to this work
| | - Coen Paulusma
- Departments of
Cell Biology and Genetics and Pathology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rotterdam-Daniel, PO Box 5201, 3008 AE Rotterdam and Department of Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9503, 2300 RF Leiden, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail: J.Essers and A.B.Houtsmuller contributed equally to this work
| | - Alex L. Nigg
- Departments of
Cell Biology and Genetics and Pathology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rotterdam-Daniel, PO Box 5201, 3008 AE Rotterdam and Department of Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9503, 2300 RF Leiden, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail: J.Essers and A.B.Houtsmuller contributed equally to this work
| | - Albert Pastink
- Departments of
Cell Biology and Genetics and Pathology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rotterdam-Daniel, PO Box 5201, 3008 AE Rotterdam and Department of Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9503, 2300 RF Leiden, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail: J.Essers and A.B.Houtsmuller contributed equally to this work
| | - Wim Vermeulen
- Departments of
Cell Biology and Genetics and Pathology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rotterdam-Daniel, PO Box 5201, 3008 AE Rotterdam and Department of Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9503, 2300 RF Leiden, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail: J.Essers and A.B.Houtsmuller contributed equally to this work
| | - Jan H.J. Hoeijmakers
- Departments of
Cell Biology and Genetics and Pathology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rotterdam-Daniel, PO Box 5201, 3008 AE Rotterdam and Department of Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9503, 2300 RF Leiden, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail: J.Essers and A.B.Houtsmuller contributed equally to this work
| | - Roland Kanaar
- Departments of
Cell Biology and Genetics and Pathology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rotterdam-Daniel, PO Box 5201, 3008 AE Rotterdam and Department of Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9503, 2300 RF Leiden, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail: J.Essers and A.B.Houtsmuller contributed equally to this work
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Yagita K, Tamanini F, Yasuda M, Hoeijmakers JH, van der Horst GT, Okamura H. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and mCRY-dependent inhibition of ubiquitylation of the mPER2 clock protein. EMBO J 2002; 21:1301-14. [PMID: 11889036 PMCID: PMC125916 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/21.6.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The core oscillator generating circadian rhythms in eukaryotes is composed of transcription--translation-based autoregulatory feedback loops in which clock gene products negatively affect their own expression. A key step in this mechanism involves the periodic nuclear accumulation of clock proteins following their mRNA rhythms after approximately 6 h delay. Nuclear accumulation of mPER2 is promoted by mCRY proteins. Here, using COS7 cells and mCry1/mCry2 double mutant mouse embryonic fibroblasts transiently expressing GFP-tagged (mutant) mPER2, we show that the protein shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm using functional nuclear localization and nuclear export sequences. Moreover, we provide evidence that mCRY proteins prevent ubiquitylation of mPER2 and subsequent degradation of the latter protein by the proteasome system. Interestingly, mPER2 in turn prevents ubiquitylation and degradation of mCRY proteins. On the basis of these data we propose a model in which shuttling mPER2 is ubiquitylated and degraded by the proteasome unless it is retained in the nucleus by mCRY proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filippo Tamanini
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Department of Brain Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan and
MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail: or
| | | | - Jan H.J. Hoeijmakers
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Department of Brain Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan and
MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail: or
| | - Gijsbertus T.J. van der Horst
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Department of Brain Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan and
MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail: or
| | - Hitoshi Okamura
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Department of Brain Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan and
MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail: or
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Niedernhofer LJ, Essers J, Weeda G, Beverloo B, de Wit J, Muijtjens M, Odijk H, Hoeijmakers JH, Kanaar R. The structure-specific endonuclease Ercc1-Xpf is required for targeted gene replacement in embryonic stem cells. EMBO J 2001; 20:6540-9. [PMID: 11707424 PMCID: PMC125716 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/20.22.6540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ercc1-Xpf heterodimer, a highly conserved structure-specific endonuclease, functions in multiple DNA repair pathways that are pivotal for maintaining genome stability, including nucleotide excision repair, interstrand crosslink repair and homologous recombination. Ercc1-Xpf incises double-stranded DNA at double-strand/single-strand junctions, making it an ideal enzyme for processing DNA structures that contain partially unwound strands. Here we demonstrate that although Ercc1 is dispensable for recombination between sister chromatids, it is essential for targeted gene replacement in mouse embryonic stem cells. Surprisingly, the role of Ercc1-Xpf in gene targeting is distinct from its previously identified role in removing nonhomologous termini from recombination intermediates because it was required irrespective of whether the ends of the DNA targeting constructs were heterologous or homologous to the genomic locus. Our observations have implications for the mechanism of gene targeting in mammalian cells and define a new role for Ercc1-Xpf in mammalian homologous recombination. We propose a model for the mechanism of targeted gene replacement that invokes a role for Ercc1-Xpf in making the recipient genomic locus receptive for gene replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Niedernhofer
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam and Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rotterdam/Daniel, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam and Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rotterdam/Daniel, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Geert Weeda
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam and Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rotterdam/Daniel, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Berna Beverloo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam and Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rotterdam/Daniel, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Jan de Wit
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam and Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rotterdam/Daniel, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Manja Muijtjens
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam and Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rotterdam/Daniel, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Hanny Odijk
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam and Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rotterdam/Daniel, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Jan H.J. Hoeijmakers
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam and Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rotterdam/Daniel, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Roland Kanaar
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam and Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rotterdam/Daniel, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail:
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26
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Murai M, Enokido Y, Inamura N, Yoshino M, Nakatsu Y, van der Horst GT, Hoeijmakers JH, Tanaka K, Hatanaka H. Early postnatal ataxia and abnormal cerebellar development in mice lacking Xeroderma pigmentosum Group A and Cockayne syndrome Group B DNA repair genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:13379-84. [PMID: 11687625 PMCID: PMC60879 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.231329598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and Cockayne syndrome (CS) are rare autosomal recessive disorders associated with a defect in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway required for the removal of DNA damage induced by UV light and distorting chemical adducts. Although progressive neurological dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of CS and of some groups of XP patients, the causative mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we show that mice lacking both the XPA (XP-group A) and CSB (CS-group B) genes in contrast to the single mutants display severe growth retardation, ataxia, and motor dysfunction during early postnatal development. Their cerebella are hypoplastic and showed impaired foliation and stunted Purkinje cell dendrites. Reduced neurogenesis and increased apoptotic cell death occur in the cerebellar external granular layer. These findings suggest that XPA and CSB have additive roles in the mouse nervous system and support a crucial role for these genes in normal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Murai
- Division of Protein Biosynthesis, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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27
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Volker M, Moné MJ, Karmakar P, van Hoffen A, Schul W, Vermeulen W, Hoeijmakers JH, van Driel R, van Zeeland AA, Mullenders LH. Sequential assembly of the nucleotide excision repair factors in vivo. Mol Cell 2001; 8:213-24. [PMID: 11511374 DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 615] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe the assembly of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) complex in normal and repair-deficient (xeroderma pigmentosum) human cells, employing a novel technique of local UV irradiation combined with fluorescent antibody labeling. The damage recognition complex XPC-hHR23B appears to be essential for the recruitment of all subsequent NER factors in the preincision complex, including transcription repair factor TFIIH. XPA associates relatively late, is required for anchoring of ERCC1-XPF, and may be essential for activation of the endonuclease activity of XPG. These findings identify XPC as the earliest known NER factor in the reaction mechanism, give insight into the order of subsequent NER components, provide evidence for a dual role of XPA, and support a concept of sequential assembly of repair proteins at the site of the damage rather than a preassembled repairosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Volker
- Department of Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis, Leiden University Medical Center, Wassenaarseweg 72, 2333 AL, Leiden, The Netherlands
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28
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Boonstra A, van Oudenaren A, Baert M, van Steeg H, Leenen PJ, van der Horst GT, Hoeijmakers JH, Savelkoul HF, Garssen J. Differential ultraviolet-B-induced immunomodulation in XPA, XPC, and CSB DNA repair-deficient mice. J Invest Dermatol 2001; 117:141-6. [PMID: 11442761 DOI: 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01390.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B irradiation has serious consequences for cellular immunity and can suppress the rejection of skin tumors and the resistance to infectious diseases. DNA damage plays a crucial role in these immunomodulatory effects of ultraviolet B, as impaired repair of ultraviolet-B-induced DNA damage has been shown to cause suppression of cellular immunity. Ultraviolet-B-induced DNA damage is repaired by the nucleotide excision repair mechanism very efficiently. Nucleotide excision repair comprises two subpathways: transcription-coupled and global genome repair. In this study the immunologic consequences of specific nucleotide excision repair defects in three mouse models, XPA, XPC, and CSB mutant mice, were investigated. XPA mice carry a total nucleotide excision repair defect, whereas XPC and CSB mice only lack global genome and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair, respectively. Our data demonstrate that cellular immune parameters in XPA, XPC, and CSB mice are normal compared with their wild-type (control) littermates. This may indicate that the reported altered cellular responses in xeroderma pigmentosum patients are not constitutive but could be due to external factors, such as ultraviolet B. Upon exposure to ultraviolet B, only XPA mice are very sensitive to ultraviolet-B-induced inhibition of Th1-mediated contact hypersensitivity responses and interferon-gamma production in skin draining lymph nodes. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-10 production are significantly augmented in both XPA and CSB mice after ultraviolet B exposure. Lymph node cell numbers were increased very significantly in XPA, mildly increased in CSB, and not in XPC mice. In general XPC mice do not exhibit any indication of enhanced ultraviolet B susceptibility with regard to the immune parameters analyzed. These data suggest that both global genome repair and transcription-coupled repair are needed to prevent immunomodulation by ultraviolet B, whereas transcription-coupled repair is the major DNA repair subpathway of nucleotide excision repair that prevents the acute ultraviolet-B-induced effects such as erythema.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boonstra
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University and University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Abstract
The early notion that cancer is caused by mutations in genes critical for the control of cell growth implied that genome stability is important for preventing oncogenesis. During the past decade, knowledge about the mechanisms by which genes erode and the molecular machinery designed to counteract this time-dependent genetic degeneration has increased markedly. At the same time, it has become apparent that inherited or acquired deficiencies in genome maintenance systems contribute significantly to the onset of cancer. This review summarizes the main DNA caretaking systems and their impact on genome stability and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Hoeijmakers
- MGC Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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30
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Abstract
Genome stability is of primary importance for the survival and proper functioning of all organisms. Double-stranded breaks in DNA are important threats to genome integrity because they can result in chromosomal aberrations that can affect, simultaneously, many genes, and lead to cell malfunctioning and cell death. These detrimental consequences are counteracted by two mechanistically distinct pathways of double-stranded break repair: homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining. Recently, unexpected links between these double-stranded break-repair systems, and several human genome instability and cancer predisposition syndromes, have emerged. Now, interactions between both double-stranded break-repair pathways and other cellular processes, such as cell-cycle regulation and replication, are being unveiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C van Gent
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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31
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Vermeulen W, Rademakers S, Jaspers NG, Appeldoorn E, Raams A, Klein B, Kleijer WJ, Hansen LK, Hoeijmakers JH. A temperature-sensitive disorder in basal transcription and DNA repair in humans. Nat Genet 2001; 27:299-303. [PMID: 11242112 DOI: 10.1038/85864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) helicase subunit of TFIIH functions in DNA repair and transcription initiation. Different mutations in XPD give rise to three ultraviolet-sensitive syndromes: the skin cancer-prone disorder xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), in which repair of ultraviolet damage is affected; and the severe neurodevelopmental conditions Cockayne syndrome (CS) and trichothiodystrophy (TTD). In the latter two, the basal transcription function of TFIIH is also presumed to be affected. Here we report four unusual TTD patients with fever-dependent reversible deterioration of TTD features such as brittle hair. Cells from these patients show an in vivo temperature-sensitive defect of transcription and DNA repair due to thermo-instability of TFIIH. Our findings reveal the clinical consequences of impaired basal transcription and mutations in very fundamental processes in humans, which previously were only known in lower organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Vermeulen
- MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University, P.O. Box 1738, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Hoeijmakers
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical Genetics Centre, Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Box 1378, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
This paper commemorates the multiple contributions of Dirk Bootsma to human genetics. During a scientific 'Bootsma' cruise on his sailing-boat 'de Losbol', we visit a variety of scenery locations along the lakes and canals in Friesland, passing the highlights of Dirk Bootsma's scientific oeuvre. Departing from 'de Fluessen', his homeport, with his PhD work on the effect of X-rays and UV on cell cycle progression, we head for the pioneering endeavours of his team on mapping genes on human chromosomes by cell hybridization. Next we explore the use of cell hybrids by the Bootsma team culminating in the molecular cloning of one of the first chromosomal breakpoints involved in oncogenesis: the bcr-abl fusion gene responsible for chronic myelocytic leukemia. This seminal achievement enabled later development of new methods for early detection and very promising therapeutic intervention. A series of highlights at the horizon constitute the contributions of his team to the field of DNA repair, beginning with the discovery of genetic heterogeneity in the repair syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) followed later by the cloning of a large number of human repair genes. This led to the discovery that DNA repair is strongly conserved in evolution rendering knowledge from yeast relevant for mammals and vice versa. In addition, it resolved the molecular basis of several repair syndromes and permitted functional analysis of the encoded proteins. Another milestone is the discovery of the surprising connection between DNA repair and transcription initiation via the dual functional TFIIH complex in collaboration with Jean-Marc Egly et al. in Strasbourg. This provided an explanation for many puzzling clinical features and triggered a novel concept in human genetics: the existence of repair/transcription syndromes. The generation of many mouse mutants carrying defects in repair pathways yielded valuable models for assessing the clinical relevance of DNA repair including carcinogenesis and the identification of a link between DNA damage and premature aging. His team also opened a fascinating area of cell biology with the analysis of repair and transcription in living cells. A final surprising evolutionary twist was the discovery that photolyases designed for the light-dependent repair of UV-induced DNA lesions appeared to be adopted for driving the mammalian biological clock. The latter indicates that it is time to return to 'de Fluessen', where we will consider briefly the merits of Dirk Bootsma for Dutch science in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Hoeijmakers
- MGC, Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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34
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Verhoeven EE, Wyman C, Moolenaar GF, Hoeijmakers JH, Goosen N. Architecture of nucleotide excision repair complexes: DNA is wrapped by UvrB before and after damage recognition. EMBO J 2001; 20:601-11. [PMID: 11157766 PMCID: PMC133479 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/20.3.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a major DNA repair mechanism that recognizes a broad range of DNA damages. In Escherichia coli, damage recognition in NER is accomplished by the UvrA and UvrB proteins. We have analysed the structural properties of the different protein-DNA complexes formed by UvrA, UvrB and (damaged) DNA using atomic force microscopy. Analysis of the UvrA(2)B complex in search of damage revealed the DNA to be wrapped around the UvrB protein, comprising a region of about seven helical turns. In the UvrB-DNA pre-incision complex the DNA is wrapped in a similar way and this DNA configuration is dependent on ATP binding. Based on these results, a role for DNA wrapping in damage recognition is proposed. Evidence is presented that DNA wrapping in the pre-incision complex also stimulates the rate of incision by UvrC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Wyman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden and
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical Genetics Centre, Erasmus University, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail:
| | | | - Jan H.J. Hoeijmakers
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden and
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical Genetics Centre, Erasmus University, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Nora Goosen
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden and
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical Genetics Centre, Erasmus University, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Corresponding author e-mail:
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35
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Winkler GS, Sugasawa K, Eker AP, de Laat WL, Hoeijmakers JH. Novel functional interactions between nucleotide excision DNA repair proteins influencing the enzymatic activities of TFIIH, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF. Biochemistry 2001; 40:160-5. [PMID: 11141066 DOI: 10.1021/bi002021b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The multisubunit basal transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) has a dual involvement in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of a variety of DNA lesions, including UV-induced photoproducts, and RNA polymerase II transcription. In both processes, TFIIH is implicated with local DNA unwinding, which is attributed to its helicase subunits XPB and XPD. To further define the role of TFIIH in NER, functional interactions between TFIIH and other DNA repair proteins were analyzed. We show that the TFIIH-associated ATPase activity is stimulated by both XPA and the XPC-HR23B complex. However, while XPA promotes the ATPase activity specifically in the presence of damaged DNA, stimulation by XPC-HR23B is lesion independent. Furthermore, we reveal that TFIIH inhibits the structure-specific endonuclease activities of both XPG and ERCC1-XPF, responsible for the 3' and 5' incision in NER, respectively. The inhibition occurs in the absence of ATP and is reversed upon addition of ATP. These results point toward additional roles for TFIIH and ATP during NER distinct from a requirement for DNA unwinding in the regulation of the endonuclease activities of XPG and ERCC1-XPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Winkler
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical Genetics Center, Center of Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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36
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Seroz T, Winkler GS, Auriol J, Verhage RA, Vermeulen W, Smit B, Brouwer J, Eker AP, Weeda G, Egly JM, Hoeijmakers JH. Cloning of a human homolog of the yeast nucleotide excision repair gene MMS19 and interaction with transcription repair factor TFIIH via the XPB and XPD helicases. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:4506-13. [PMID: 11071939 PMCID: PMC113875 DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.22.4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2000] [Revised: 10/02/2000] [Accepted: 10/02/2000] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) removes UV-induced photoproducts and numerous other DNA lesions in a highly conserved 'cut-and-paste' reaction that involves approximately 25 core components. In addition, several other proteins have been identified which are dispensable for NER in vitro but have an undefined role in vivo and may act at the interface of NER and other cellular processes. An intriguing example is the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mms19 protein that has an unknown dual function in NER and RNA polymerase II transcription. Here we report the cloning and characterization of a human homolog, designated hMMS19, that encodes a 1030 amino acid protein with 26% identity and 51% similarity to S.cerevisiae Mms19p and with a strikingly similar size. The expression profile and nuclear location are consistent with a repair function. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that hMMS19 directly interacts with the XPB and XPD subunits of NER-transcription factor TFIIH. These findings extend the conservation of the NER apparatus and the link between NER and basal transcription and suggest that hMMS19 exerts its function in repair and transcription by interacting with the XPB and XPD helicases.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- Cell Line
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA Helicases/metabolism
- DNA Repair/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Fungal Proteins/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Protein Binding
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors
- Tissue Distribution
- Transcription Factor TFIID
- Transcription Factor TFIIH
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription Factors, TFII
- Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- T Seroz
- MGC-Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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37
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Nakatsu Y, Asahina H, Citterio E, Rademakers S, Vermeulen W, Kamiuchi S, Yeo JP, Khaw MC, Saijo M, Kodo N, Matsuda T, Hoeijmakers JH, Tanaka K. XAB2, a novel tetratricopeptide repeat protein involved in transcription-coupled DNA repair and transcription. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:34931-7. [PMID: 10944529 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m004936200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair is a highly versatile DNA repair system responsible for elimination of a wide variety of lesions from the genome. It is comprised of two subpathways: transcription-coupled repair that accomplishes efficient removal of damage blocking transcription and global genome repair. Recently, the basic mechanism of global genome repair has emerged from biochemical studies. However, little is known about transcription-coupled repair in eukaryotes. Here we report the identification of a novel protein designated XAB2 (XPA-binding protein 2) that was identified by virtue of its ability to interact with XPA, a factor central to both nucleotide excision repair subpathways. The XAB2 protein of 855 amino acids consists mainly of 15 tetratricopeptide repeats. In addition to interacting with XPA, immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that a fraction of XAB2 is able to interact with the transcription-coupled repair-specific proteins CSA and CSB as well as RNA polymerase II. Furthermore, antibodies against XAB2 inhibited both transcription-coupled repair and transcription in vivo but not global genome repair when microinjected into living fibroblasts. These results indicate that XAB2 is a novel component involved in transcription-coupled repair and transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nakatsu
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, and CREST, Japan
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38
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Vermeulen W, Bergmann E, Auriol J, Rademakers S, Frit P, Appeldoorn E, Hoeijmakers JH, Egly JM. Sublimiting concentration of TFIIH transcription/DNA repair factor causes TTD-A trichothiodystrophy disorder. Nat Genet 2000; 26:307-13. [PMID: 11062469 DOI: 10.1038/81603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The repair-deficient form of trichothiodystrophy (TTD) most often results from mutations in the genes XPB or XPD, encoding helicases of the transcription/repair factor TFIIH. The genetic defect in a third group, TTD-A, is unknown, but is also caused by dysfunctioning TFIIH. None of the TFIIH subunits carry a mutation and TFIIH from TTD-A cells is active in both transcription and repair. Instead, immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses reveal a strong reduction in the TFIIH concentration. Thus, the phenotype of TTD-A appears to result from sublimiting amounts of TFIIH, probably due to a mutation in a gene determining the complex stability. The reduction of TFIIH mainly affects its repair function and hardly influences transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Vermeulen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical Genetics Center, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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39
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van der Laan R, Roest HP, Hoogerbrugge JW, Smit EM, Slater R, Baarends WM, Hoeijmakers JH, Grootegoed JA. Characterization of mRAD18Sc, a mouse homolog of the yeast postreplication repair gene RAD18. Genomics 2000; 69:86-94. [PMID: 11013078 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2000.6220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The RAD18 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a protein with ssDNA binding activity that interacts with the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme RAD6 and plays an important role in postreplication repair. We identified and characterized the putative mouse homolog of RAD18, designated mRAD18Sc. The mRAD18Sc open reading frame encodes a 509-amino-acid polypeptide that is strongly conserved in size and sequence between yeast and mammals, with specific conservation of the RING-zinc-finger and the classic zinc-finger domain. The degree of sequence conservation between mRAD18Sc, RAD18, and homologous sequences identified in other species (NuvA from Aspergillus nidulans and Uvs-2 from Neurospora crassa) is entirely consistent with the evolutionary relationship of these organisms, strongly arguing that these genes are one another's homologs. Consistent with the presence of a nuclear translocation signal in the amino acid sequence, we observed the nuclear localization of GFP-tagged mRAD18Sc after stable transfection to HeLa cells. mRNA expression of mRAD18Sc in the mouse was observed in thymus, spleen, brain, and ovary, but was most pronounced in testis, with the highest level of expression in pachytene-stage primary spermatocytes, suggesting that mRAD18Sc plays a role in meiosis of spermatogenesis. Finally, we mapped the mRAD18Sc gene on mouse chromosome 6F.
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Affiliation(s)
- R van der Laan
- MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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Citterio E, Van Den Boom V, Schnitzler G, Kanaar R, Bonte E, Kingston RE, Hoeijmakers JH, Vermeulen W. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling by the Cockayne syndrome B DNA repair-transcription-coupling factor. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:7643-53. [PMID: 11003660 PMCID: PMC86329 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.20.7643-7653.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cockayne syndrome B protein (CSB) is required for coupling DNA excision repair to transcription in a process known as transcription-coupled repair (TCR). Cockayne syndrome patients show UV sensitivity and severe neurodevelopmental abnormalities. CSB is a DNA-dependent ATPase of the SWI2/SNF2 family. SWI2/SNF2-like proteins are implicated in chromatin remodeling during transcription. Since chromatin structure also affects DNA repair efficiency, chromatin remodeling activities within repair are expected. Here we used purified recombinant CSB protein to investigate whether it can remodel chromatin in vitro. We show that binding of CSB to DNA results in an alteration of the DNA double-helix conformation. In addition, we find that CSB is able to remodel chromatin structure at the expense of ATP hydrolysis. Specifically, CSB can alter DNase I accessibility to reconstituted mononucleosome cores and disarrange an array of nucleosomes regularly spaced on plasmid DNA. In addition, we show that CSB interacts not only with double-stranded DNA but also directly with core histones. Finally, intact histone tails play an important role in CSB remodeling. CSB is the first repair protein found to play a direct role in modulating nucleosome structure. The relevance of this finding to the interplay between transcription and repair is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Citterio
- Medical Genetic Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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Dronkert ML, de Wit J, Boeve M, Vasconcelos ML, van Steeg H, Tan TL, Hoeijmakers JH, Kanaar R. Disruption of mouse SNM1 causes increased sensitivity to the DNA interstrand cross-linking agent mitomycin C. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:4553-61. [PMID: 10848582 PMCID: PMC85844 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.13.4553-4561.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) represent lethal DNA damage, because they block transcription, replication, and segregation of DNA. Because of their genotoxicity, agents inducing ICLs are often used in antitumor therapy. The repair of ICLs is complex and involves proteins belonging to nucleotide excision, recombination, and translesion DNA repair pathways in Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and mammals. We cloned and analyzed mammalian homologs of the S. cerevisiae gene SNM1 (PSO2), which is specifically involved in ICL repair. Human Snm1, a nuclear protein, was ubiquitously expressed at a very low level. We generated mouse SNM1(-/-) embryonic stem cells and showed that these cells were sensitive to mitomycin C. In contrast to S. cerevisiae snm1 mutants, they were not significantly sensitive to other ICL agents, probably due to redundancy in mammalian ICL repair and the existence of other SNM1 homologs. The sensitivity to mitomycin C was complemented by transfection of the human SNM1 cDNA and by targeting of a genomic cDNA-murine SNM1 fusion construct to the disrupted locus. We also generated mice deficient for murine SNM1. They were viable and fertile and showed no major abnormalities. However, they were sensitive to mitomycin C. The ICL sensitivity of the mammalian SNM1 mutant suggests that SNM1 function and, by implication, ICL repair are at least partially conserved between S. cerevisiae and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Dronkert
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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42
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Garssen J, van Steeg H, de Gruijl F, de Boer J, van der Horst GT, van Kranen H, van Loveren H, van Dijk M, Fluitman A, Weeda G, Hoeijmakers JH. Transcription-coupled and global genome repair differentially influence UV-B-induced acute skin effects and systemic immunosuppression. J Immunol 2000; 164:6199-205. [PMID: 10843671 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.12.6199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to UV-B radiation impairs immune responses in mammals by inhibiting especially Th1-mediated contact hypersensitivity and delayed-type hypersensitivity. Immunomodulation is not restricted to the exposed skin, but is also observed at distant sites, indicating the existence of mediating factors such as products from exposed skin cells or photoactivated factors present in the superficial layers. DNA damage appears to play a key role, because enhanced nucleotide excision repair (NER) strongly counteracts immunosuppression. To determine the effects of the type and genomic location of UV-induced DNA damage on immunosuppression and acute skin reactions (edema and erythema) four congenic mouse strains carrying different defects in NER were compared: CSB and XPC mice lacking transcription-coupled or global genome NER, respectively, as well as XPA and TTD/XPD mice carrying complete or partial defects in both NER subpathways, respectively. The major conclusions are that 1) transcription-coupled DNA repair is the dominant determinant in protection against acute skin effects; 2) systemic immunomodulation is only affected when both NER subpathways are compromised; and 3) sunburn is not related to UV-B-induced immunosuppression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cockayne Syndrome/genetics
- Cockayne Syndrome/immunology
- DNA Repair/immunology
- DNA Repair/radiation effects
- Dermatitis, Contact/genetics
- Dermatitis, Contact/immunology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
- Edema/genetics
- Edema/immunology
- Erythema/genetics
- Erythema/immunology
- Genome
- Hair Diseases/genetics
- Hair Diseases/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/genetics
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/microbiology
- Immunosuppression Therapy
- Listeria monocytogenes/immunology
- Listeria monocytogenes/radiation effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Picryl Chloride/immunology
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/metabolism
- Skin/radiation effects
- Transcription, Genetic/immunology
- Transcription, Genetic/radiation effects
- Ultraviolet Rays
- Xeroderma Pigmentosum/genetics
- Xeroderma Pigmentosum/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- J Garssen
- Laboratory for Pathology and Immunobiology and Laboratory of Health Effects Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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43
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Yagita K, Yamaguchi S, Tamanini F, van der Horst GT, Hoeijmakers JH, Yasui A, Loros JJ, Dunlap JC, Okamura H. Dimerization and nuclear entry of mPER proteins in mammalian cells. Genes Dev 2000. [DOI: 10.1101/gad.14.11.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear entry of circadian oscillatory gene products is a key step for the generation of a 24-hr cycle of the biological clock. We have examined nuclear import of clock proteins of the mammalianperiod gene family and the effect of serum shock, which induces a synchronous clock in cultured cells. Previously, mCRY1 and mCRY2 have been found to complex with PER proteins leading to nuclear import. Here we report that nuclear translocation of mPER1 and mPER2 (1) involves physical interactions with mPER3, (2) is accelerated by serum treatment, and (3) still occurs in mCry1/mCry2double-deficient cells lacking a functional biological clock. Moreover, nuclear localization of endogenous mPER1 was observed in culturedmCry1/mCry2 double-deficient cells as well as in the liver and the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) ofmCry1/mCry2 double-mutant mice. This indicates that nuclear translocation of at least mPER1 also can occur under physiological conditions (i.e., in the intact mouse) in the absence of any CRY protein. The mPER3 amino acid sequence predicts the presence of a cytoplasmic localization domain (CLD) and a nuclear localization signal (NLS). Deletion analysis suggests that the interplay of the CLD and NLS proposed to regulate nuclear entry of PER in Drosophilais conserved in mammals, but with the novel twist that mPER3 can act as the dimerizing partner.
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44
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Yagita K, Yamaguchi S, Tamanini F, van Der Horst GT, Hoeijmakers JH, Yasui A, Loros JJ, Dunlap JC, Okamura H. Dimerization and nuclear entry of mPER proteins in mammalian cells. Genes Dev 2000; 14:1353-63. [PMID: 10837028 PMCID: PMC316664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear entry of circadian oscillatory gene products is a key step for the generation of a 24-hr cycle of the biological clock. We have examined nuclear import of clock proteins of the mammalian period gene family and the effect of serum shock, which induces a synchronous clock in cultured cells. Previously, mCRY1 and mCRY2 have been found to complex with PER proteins leading to nuclear import. Here we report that nuclear translocation of mPER1 and mPER2 (1) involves physical interactions with mPER3, (2) is accelerated by serum treatment, and (3) still occurs in mCry1/mCry2 double-deficient cells lacking a functional biological clock. Moreover, nuclear localization of endogenous mPER1 was observed in cultured mCry1/mCry2 double-deficient cells as well as in the liver and the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of mCry1/mCry2 double-mutant mice. This indicates that nuclear translocation of at least mPER1 also can occur under physiological conditions (i.e., in the intact mouse) in the absence of any CRY protein. The mPER3 amino acid sequence predicts the presence of a cytoplasmic localization domain (CLD) and a nuclear localization signal (NLS). Deletion analysis suggests that the interplay of the CLD and NLS proposed to regulate nuclear entry of PER in Drosophila is conserved in mammals, but with the novel twist that mPER3 can act as the dimerizing partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yagita
- Department of Anatomy and Brain Science, Kobe University School of Medicine, Chuoku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- E Citterio
- MGC-Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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46
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Dronkert ML, Beverloo HB, Johnson RD, Hoeijmakers JH, Jasin M, Kanaar R. Mouse RAD54 affects DNA double-strand break repair and sister chromatid exchange. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:3147-56. [PMID: 10757799 PMCID: PMC85609 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.9.3147-3156.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells can achieve error-free repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination through gene conversion with or without crossover. In contrast, an alternative homology-dependent DSB repair pathway, single-strand annealing (SSA), results in deletions. In this study, we analyzed the effect of mRAD54, a gene involved in homologous recombination, on the repair of a site-specific I-SceI-induced DSB located in a repeated DNA sequence in the genome of mouse embryonic stem cells. We used six isogenic cell lines differing solely in the orientation of the repeats. The combination of the three recombination-test substrates used discriminated among SSA, intrachromatid gene conversion, and sister chromatid gene conversion. DSB repair was most efficient for the substrate that allowed recovery of SSA events. Gene conversion with crossover, indistinguishable from long tract gene conversion, preferentially involved the sister chromatid rather than the repeat on the same chromatid. Comparing DSB repair in mRAD54 wild-type and knockout cells revealed direct evidence for a role of mRAD54 in DSB repair. The substrate measuring SSA showed an increased efficiency of DSB repair in the absence of mRAD54. The substrate measuring sister chromatid gene conversion showed a decrease in gene conversion with and without crossover. Consistent with this observation, DNA damage-induced sister chromatid exchange was reduced in mRAD54-deficient cells. Our results suggest that mRAD54 promotes gene conversion with predominant use of the sister chromatid as the repair template at the expense of error-prone SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Dronkert
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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47
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de Klein A, Muijtjens M, van Os R, Verhoeven Y, Smit B, Carr AM, Lehmann AR, Hoeijmakers JH. Targeted disruption of the cell-cycle checkpoint gene ATR leads to early embryonic lethality in mice. Curr Biol 2000; 10:479-82. [PMID: 10801416 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Checkpoints of DNA integrity are conserved throughout evolution, as are the kinases ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (Ataxia- and Rad-related), which are related to phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase [1] [2] [3]. The ATM gene is not essential, but mutations lead to ataxia telangiectasia (AT), a pleiotropic disorder characterised by radiation sensitivity and cellular checkpoint defects in response to ionising radiation [4] [5] [6]. The ATR gene has not been associated with human syndromes and, structurally, is more closely related to the canonical yeast checkpoint genes rad3(Sp) and MEC1(Sc) [7] [8]. ATR has been implicated in the response to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and blocks to DNA synthesis [8] [9] [10] [11], and may phosphorylate p53 [12] [13], suggesting that ATM and ATR may have similar and, perhaps, complementary roles in cell-cycle control after DNA damage. Here, we report that targeted inactivation of ATR in mice by disruption of the kinase domain leads to early embryonic lethality before embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5). Heterozygous mice were fertile and had no aberrant phenotype, despite a lower ATR mRNA level. No increase was observed in the sensitivity of ATR(+/-) embryonic stem (ES) cells to a variety of DNA-damaging agents. Attempts to target the remaining wild-type ATR allele in heterozygous ATR(+/-) ES cells failed, supporting the idea that loss of both alleles of the ATR gene, even at the ES-cell level, is lethal. Thus, in contrast to the closely related checkpoint gene ATM, ATR has an essential function in early mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Klein
- MGC Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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48
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Essers J, van Steeg H, de Wit J, Swagemakers SM, Vermeij M, Hoeijmakers JH, Kanaar R. Homologous and non-homologous recombination differentially affect DNA damage repair in mice. EMBO J 2000; 19:1703-10. [PMID: 10747037 PMCID: PMC310238 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/19.7.1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation and interstrand DNA crosslinking compounds provide important treatments against cancer due to their extreme genotoxicity for proliferating cells. Both the efficacies of such treatments and the mutagenic potential of these agents are modulated by the ability of cells to repair the inflicted DNA damage. Here we demonstrate that homologous recombination-deficient mRAD54(-/-) mice are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation at the embryonic but, unexpectedly, not at the adult stage. However, at the adult stage mRAD54 deficiency dramatically aggravates the ionizing radiation sensitivity of severe combined immune deficiency (scid) mice that are impaired in DNA double-strand break repair through DNA end-joining. In contrast, regardless of developmental stage, mRAD54(-/-) mice are hypersensitive to the interstrand DNA crosslinking compound mitomycin C. These results demonstrate that the two major DNA double-strand break repair pathways in mammals have overlapping as well as specialized roles, and that the relative contribution of these pathways towards repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage changes during development of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Essers
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam
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49
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Abstract
DNA damage is implicated in cancer and aging, and several DNA repair mechanisms exist that safeguard the genome from these deleterious consequences. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) removes a wide diversity of lesions, the main of which include UV-induced lesions, bulky chemical adducts and some forms of oxidative damage. The NER process involves the action of at least 30 proteins in a 'cut-and-paste'-like mechanism. The consequences of a defect in one of the NER proteins are apparent from three rare recessive syndromes: xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS) and the photosensitive form of the brittle hair disorder trichothiodystrophy (TTD). Sun-sensitive skin is associated with skin cancer predisposition in the case of XP, but remarkably not in CS and TTD. Moreover, the spectrum of clinical symptoms differs considerably between the three syndromes. CS and TTD patients exhibit a spectrum of neurodevelopmental abnormalities and, in addition, TTD is associated with ichthyosis and brittle hair. These typical CS and TTD abnormalities are difficult to comprehend as a consequence of defective NER. This review briefly describes the biochemistry of the NER process, summarizes the clinical features of the NER disorders and speculates on the molecular basis underlying these pleitropic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J de Boer
- Medical Genetics Centre, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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50
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Winkler GS, Araújo SJ, Fiedler U, Vermeulen W, Coin F, Egly JM, Hoeijmakers JH, Wood RD, Timmers HT, Weeda G. TFIIH with inactive XPD helicase functions in transcription initiation but is defective in DNA repair. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:4258-66. [PMID: 10660593 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.6.4258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
TFIIH is a multisubunit protein complex involved in RNA polymerase II transcription and nucleotide excision repair, which removes a wide variety of DNA lesions including UV-induced photoproducts. Mutations in the DNA-dependent ATPase/helicase subunits of TFIIH, XPB and XPD, are associated with three inherited syndromes as follows: xeroderma pigmentosum with or without Cockayne syndrome and trichothiodystrophy. By using epitope-tagged XPD we purified mammalian TFIIH carrying a wild type or an active-site mutant XPD subunit. Contrary to XPB, XPD helicase activity was dispensable for in vitro transcription, catalytic formation of trinucleotide transcripts, and promoter opening. Moreover, in contrast to XPB, microinjection of mutant XPD cDNA did not interfere with in vivo transcription. These data show directly that XPD activity is not required for transcription. However, during DNA repair, neither 5' nor 3' incisions in defined positions around a DNA adduct were detected in the presence of TFIIH containing inactive XPD, although substantial damage-dependent DNA synthesis was induced by the presence of mutant XPD both in cells and cell extracts. The aberrant damage-dependent DNA synthesis caused by the mutant XPD does not lead to effective repair, consistent with the discrepancy between repair synthesis and survival in cells from a number of XP-D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Winkler
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical Genetics Center, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P. O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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