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Cameli P, Aliani M, Altieri E, Bracciale P, Brussino L, Caiaffa MF, Canonica GW, Caruso C, Centanni S, D’Amato M, De Michele F, Del Giacco S, Di Marco F, Pelaia G, Rogliani P, Romagnoli M, Schino P, Schroeder JW, Senna G, Vultaggio A, Benci M, Boarino S, Menzella F. Sustained Effectiveness of Benralizumab in Naïve and Biologics-Experienced Severe Eosinophilic Asthma Patients: Results from the ANANKE Study. J Asthma Allergy 2024; 17:273-290. [PMID: 38562251 PMCID: PMC10982664 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s438981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) patients often present overlapping inflammatory features rendering them eligible for multiple biologic therapies; switching biologic treatment is a strategy adopted to optimize asthma control when patients show partial or no response to previous biologics. Patients and Methods ANANKE is a retrospective, multicenter Italian study (NCT04272463). Here, we outline the characteristics and long-term clinical outcomes in naïve-to-biologics and biologics-experienced patients treated with benralizumab for up to 96 weeks. Bio-experienced patients were split into omalizumab and mepolizumab subsets according to the type of biologic previously used. Results A total of 124 (76.5%) naïve and 38 (23.5%) bio-experienced patients were evaluated at index date; 13 patients (34.2%) switched from mepolizumab, 21 patients (55.3%) switched from omalizumab, and four patients (10.5%) received both biologics. The mepolizumab subset was characterized by the longest SEA duration (median of 4.6 years), the highest prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) (76.5%), and the greatest oral corticosteroid (OCS) daily dosage (median of 25 mg prednisone equivalent). The omalizumab group showed the highest severe annual exacerbation rate (AER) (1.70). At 96 weeks, treatment with benralizumab reduced any and severe AER by more than 87% and 94%, respectively, across all groups. Lung function was overall preserved, with major improvements observed in the mepolizumab group, which also revealed a 100% drop of the median OCS dose. Asthma Control Test (ACT) score improved in the naïve group while its increment was more variable in bio-experienced patients; among these, a marked difference was noticed between omalizumab and mepolizumab subsets (median ACT score of 23.5 and 18, respectively). Conclusion Benralizumab promotes durable and profound clinical benefits in naïve and bio-experienced groups, indicating that a nearly complete depletion of eosinophils is highly beneficial in the control of SEA, independently of previous biologic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cameli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Aliani
- UO Pneumologia e Pneumologia Riabilitativa, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Altieri
- Reparto di Pneumologia, P.O. Garbagnate Milanese, Garbagnate Milanese (MI), Italy
| | | | - Luisa Brussino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università degli Studi di Torino; SCDU Immunologia e Allergologia, AO Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Filomena Caiaffa
- Cattedra e Scuola di Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy
- Personalized Medicine Center: Asthma and Allergology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Cristiano Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Centanni
- Respiratory Unit ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria D’Amato
- UOSD Malattie Respiratorie “Federico II”, Ospedale Monaldi, AO Dei Colli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fausto De Michele
- UOC Pneumologia e Fisiopatologia Respiratoria, AORN A. Cardarelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabiano Di Marco
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Pneumologia, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital “Tor Vergata”, Roma, Italy
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Schino
- Fisiopatologia Respiratoria, Ospedale Generale Regionale, Ente Ecclesiastico “F. Miulli”, Acquaviva delle Fonti (BA), Italy
| | - Jan Walter Schroeder
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianenrico Senna
- Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vultaggio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marco Benci
- Medical Affairs R&I, AstraZeneca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Menzella
- Pulmonology Unit, Ospedale “S. Valentino”, AULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Montebelluna (TV), Italy
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Molina B, Padoan R, Urban ML, Novikov P, Caminati M, Taillé C, Néel A, Bouillet L, Fraticelli P, Schleinitz N, Christides C, Moi L, Godeau B, Knight A, Schroeder JW, Marchand-Adam S, Gil H, Cottin V, Durel CA, Gelain E, Lerais B, Ruivard M, Groh M, Samson M, Moroni L, Thiel J, Kernder A, Cohen Tervaert JW, Costanzo G, Folci M, Rizzello S, Cohen P, Emmi G, Terrier B. Dupilumab for relapsing or refractory sinonasal and/or asthma manifestations in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a European retrospective study. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:1587-1593. [PMID: 37734881 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is often associated with glucocorticoid-dependent asthma and/or ear, nose and throat (ENT) manifestations. When immunosuppressants and/or mepolizumab are ineffective, dupilumab could be an option. We describe the safety and efficacy of off-label use of dupilumab in relapsing and/or refractory EGPA. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted an observational multicentre study of EGPA patients treated with dupilumab. Complete response was defined by Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS)=0 and prednisone dose ≤4 mg/day, and partial response by BVAS=0 and prednisone dose >4 mg/day. Eosinophilia was defined as an eosinophil count >500/mm3. RESULTS Fifty-one patients were included. The primary indication for dupilumab was disabling ENT symptoms in 92%. After a median follow-up of 13.1 months, 18 patients (35%) reported adverse events (AEs), including two serious AEs. Eosinophilia was reported in 34 patients (67%), with a peak of 2195/mm3 (IQR 1268-4501) occurring at 13 weeks (IQR 4-36) and was associated with relapse in 41%. Twenty-one patients (41%) achieved a complete response and 12 (24%) a partial response. Sixteen (31%) patients experienced an EGPA relapse while on dupilumab, which was associated with blood eosinophilia in 14/16 (88%) patients. The median eosinophil count at the start of dupilumab was significantly lower in relapsers than in non-relapsers, as was the median time between stopping anti-IL-5/IL-5R and switching to dupilumab. CONCLUSION These results suggest that dupilumab may be effective in treating patients with EGPA-related ENT manifestations. However, EGPA flares occurred in one-third of patients and were preceded by eosinophilia in 88%, suggesting that caution is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Padoan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Urban
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pavel Novikov
- Tareev Clinic of Internal Diseases, I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moskva, Russian Federation
| | - Marco Caminati
- Department of Medicine, Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Camille Taillé
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Bichat Hospital, APHP Nord-Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Néel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Laurence Bouillet
- T-reg unit, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
- Internal Medicine Department, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Paolo Fraticelli
- Internal Medicine department, University Hospital Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicolas Schleinitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Timone Hospital AP-HM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Laura Moi
- Immunology and Allergology, Institut Central des Hôpitaux, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Godeau
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Creteil, France
| | - Ann Knight
- Rheumatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Walter Schroeder
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Sylvain Marchand-Adam
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Regional University Hospital Centre, Tours, France
| | - Helder Gil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Besancon University Hospital, Besancon, France
| | - Vincent Cottin
- Coordinating Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Disease, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Louis Pradel Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Cécile-Audrey Durel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Edouard Herriot, HCL, Lyon, France
| | - Elena Gelain
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Boris Lerais
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Marc Ruivard
- Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Matthieu Groh
- National Referral Center for Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (CEREO), Department of Internal Medicine, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Maxime Samson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Centre, Dijon, France
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Luca Moroni
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy, and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Jens Thiel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Kernder
- Department Rheumatology & Hiller-Research Unit Rheumatology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Willem Cohen Tervaert
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Giulia Costanzo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Marco Folci
- Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sonia Rizzello
- Severe Asthma Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Pascal Cohen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Bettiol A, Urban ML, Padoan R, Groh M, Lopalco G, Egan A, Cottin V, Fraticelli P, Crimi C, Del Giacco S, Losappio L, Moi L, Cinetto F, Caminati M, Novikov P, Berti A, Cameli P, Cathébras P, Coppola A, Durel CA, Folci M, Gullo AL, Lombardi C, Monti S, Parronchi P, Rivera CM, Solans R, Vacca A, Espígol-Frigolé G, Guarnieri G, Bianchi FC, Marchi MR, Tcherakian C, Kahn JE, Iannone F, Venerito V, Desaintjean C, Moroncini G, Nolasco S, Costanzo GAML, Schroeder JW, Ribi C, Tesi M, Gelain E, Mattioli I, Bello F, Jayne D, Prisco D, Vaglio A, Emmi G. Benralizumab for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol 2023; 5:e707-e715. [PMID: 38251561 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-5 (IL-5) inhibitors represent novel therapies for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). This study assessed the effectiveness and safety of the IL-5 receptor inhibitor benralizumab in a European cohort of patients with EGPA. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included patients with EGPA from 28 European referral centres of the European EGPA Study Group across six countries (Italy, France, UK, Russia, Spain, and Switzerland) who received benralizumab as any line of treatment between Jan 1, 2019, and Sep 30, 2022. We assessed the rates of complete response, defined as no disease activity (Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score [BVAS] of 0) and a prednisone dose of up to 4 mg/day, in contrast to partial response, defined as a BVAS of 0 and a prednisone dose greater than 4 mg/day. Active disease manifestations, pulmonary function, variation in glucocorticoid dose, and safety outcomes were also assessed over a 12-month follow-up. FINDINGS 121 patients with relapsing-refractory EGPA treated with benralizumab at the dose approved for eosinophilic asthma were included (64 [53%] women and 57 [47%] men; median age at the time of beginning benralizumab treatment 54·1 years [IQR 44·2-62·2]). Complete response was reported in 15 (12·4%, 95% CI 7·1-19·6) of 121 patients at month 3, 25 (28·7%, 19·5-39·4) of 87 patients at month 6, and 32 (46·4%, 34·3-58·8) of 69 patients at month 12; partial response was observed in an additional 43 (35·5%, 27·0-44·8) patients at month 3, 23 (26·4%, 17·6-37·0) at month 6, and 13 (18·8%, 10·4-30·1) at month 12. BVAS dropped from 3·0 (IQR 2·0-8·0) at baseline to 0·0 (0·0-2·0) at months 3 and 6, and to 0·0 (0·0-1·0) at month 12. The proportion of patients with systemic manifestations, active peripheral neurological disease, ear, nose, and throat involvement, and pulmonary involvement decreased, with an improvement in lung function tests. Six patients relapsed after having a complete response. The oral prednisone (or equivalent) dose decreased from 10·0 mg/day (5·0-12·5) at baseline to 5·0 mg/day (3·6-8·5) at month 3 (p<0·01), to 5·0 mg/day (2·5-6·3) at month 6, and to 2·5 mg/day (0·0-5·0) at month 12 (p<0·0001). 19 (16%) of 121 patients had adverse events and 16 (13%) discontinued benralizumab. INTERPRETATION These data suggest that benralizumab could be an effective treatment for EGPA in real-life clinical practice. Further clinical trials are required to confirm the efficacy of benralizumab in patients with a higher baseline disease activity. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bettiol
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Urban
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Padoan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Matthieu Groh
- National Referral Center for Hypereosinophilic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - Giuseppe Lopalco
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Allyson Egan
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vincent Cottin
- Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases (OrphaLung), Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; UMR754, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Claudia Crimi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Respiratory Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Losappio
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Moi
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Cinetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Rare Disease Referral Center, Internal Medicine 1, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Marco Caminati
- Asthma Centre and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pavel Novikov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alvise Berti
- Rheumatology Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, APSS Trento and CISMED, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Cameli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Coppola
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Ospedale San Filippo Neri-ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Cécile-Audrey Durel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marco Folci
- Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Lombardi
- Departmental Unit of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Pneumology, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Monti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Parronchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlos Martinez Rivera
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol de Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, IGTP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Solans
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, UOC Medicina Interna "Guido Baccelli", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Georgina Espígol-Frigolé
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriella Guarnieri
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Cittadella ULSS6 Euganea, Cittadella, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rita Marchi
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Cittadella ULSS6 Euganea, Cittadella, Italy
| | | | - Jean-Emmanuel Kahn
- National Referral Center for Hypereosinophilic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, APHP, CHU Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Florenzo Iannone
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Venerito
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Charlene Desaintjean
- Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases (OrphaLung), Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Santi Nolasco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Respiratory Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
| | | | - Jan Walter Schroeder
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Camillo Ribi
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Michelangelo Tesi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Gelain
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Mattioli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Bello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - David Jayne
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Domenico Prisco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Augusto Vaglio
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Firenze, Florence, Italy; Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Schroeder JW, Napoli C, Caputo V, Bonoldi E, Rongioletti F. Unraveling the complexities of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): Insights into clinical, laboratory, and histopathologic features of a case series from an Italian tertiary center. Clin Dermatol 2023; 41:721-728. [PMID: 37730074 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe and potentially life-threatening drug hypersensitivity reaction. The diagnosis and management of DRESS are complicated due to its heterogeneous clinical and pathologic presentations, delayed onset of signs and symptoms, and unpredictable outcome. This retrospective study aimed to analyze cases of DRESS from a single Italian referring tertiary hospital center (Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy) with a focus on clinical features, causative drugs, histopathologic findings, and treatment. We have included 18 of 32 patients with a probable or definite diagnosis of DRESS. The study observed a slight predominance of women, with antimicrobials and allopurinol identified as the main causative drugs. Clinical manifestations varied, with a monomorphic maculopapular eruption being the most common, whereas facial edema and mucosal involvement were less frequently observed. Multiple organs were commonly affected, with liver and kidney involvement being prominent. Cardiac involvement was associated with the severity of eosinophilia. Laboratory evaluations showed elevated eosinophil levels and increased eosinophil cationic protein levels, supporting the role of eosinophils in DRESS pathogenesis. Histopathologic analysis revealed various patterns often coexisting in the same biopsy in 83% of cases, with interface dermatitis being the most frequent, followed by the perivascular pattern and the spongiotic/eczematous pattern. We observed eosinophils in the biopsy samples in about 50% of patients, and the relationship between peripheral eosinophilia and eosinophils in skin biopsies was not significant. In addition to the RegiSCAR score, age may play a role in predicting disease severity, as older patients with lower scores had poorer outcomes. The prognosis of DRESS depended on early identification, discontinuation of the causative agent, and appropriate therapy. Systemic corticosteroids were the primary treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Walter Schroeder
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Caputo
- Unit of Surgical Pathology and Cytogenetics, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Bonoldi
- Unit of Surgical Pathology and Cytogenetics, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Rongioletti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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5
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Vultaggio A, Aliani M, Altieri E, Bracciale P, Brussino L, Caiaffa MF, Cameli P, Canonica GW, Caruso C, Centanni S, D'Amato M, De Michele F, Del Giacco S, Di Marco F, Menzella F, Pelaia G, Rogliani P, Romagnoli M, Schino P, Senna G, Benci M, Boarino S, Schroeder JW. Long-term effectiveness of benralizumab in severe eosinophilic asthma patients treated for 96-weeks: data from the ANANKE study. Respir Res 2023; 24:135. [PMID: 37210543 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02439-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of benralizumab has been broadly demonstrated in severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA), but only few real-life studies evaluated its long-term effects. Here we present novel data from the ANANKE study in which a large cohort of SEA patients was treated for up to 96 weeks. METHODS ANANKE (NCT04272463) is an observational retrospective Italian study investigating the key characteristics of SEA patients (collected during the 12 months prior to benralizumab initiation) and the clinical outcomes during benralizumab treatment (annual exacerbation rate [AER], lung function, asthma control, OCS use, healthcare resource utilization). A post hoc analysis was also conducted in groups of patients based on history of previous biologic therapy (bio-experienced versus naïve patients). Analyses were descriptive only. RESULTS Before benralizumab initiation, evaluable SEA patients (N = 162, 61.1% females, mean age 56.0 ± 12.7) showed a median blood eosinophil count (BEC) of 600 cells/mm3 (IQR: 430-890). Patients experienced frequent exacerbations (annualized exacerbation rate [AER]: 4.10, severe AER: 0.98), with impaired lung function and poor asthma control (median ACT score: 14) despite 25.3% reported oral corticosteroid (OCS) use. Nasal polyposis was present in 53.1% patients; 47.5% patients were atopic. After 96 weeks since the start of benralizumab, nearly 90% patients were still on treatment; benralizumab dramatically decreased exacerbations (AER: - 94.9%; severe AER: - 96.9%), improved respiratory parameters (median increase in pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume [pre-BD FEV1]: + 400 mL) and asthma control (median ACT score: 23) while eliminating OCS in 60% patients. Importantly, benralizumab effects were either maintained or progressively improved over time, accompanied by a nearly complete depletion of BEC. Benralizumab reduced AER both in naïve (any AER: - 95.9%; severe AER: - 97.5%) and bio-experienced patients (any AER: - 92.4%; severe AER: - 94.0%). CONCLUSIONS Profound and sustained improvements in all asthma outcomes were observed with benralizumab. The correct identification of patients' eosinophilic-driven asthma phenotype was essential to ensure the achievement of such remarkable results. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04272463.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Vultaggio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy.
| | - Maria Aliani
- UO Pneumologia e Pneumologia Riabilitativa, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Altieri
- Reparto di Pneumologia, P.O. Garbagnate, Milanese, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Brussino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, SSDDU Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Università degli Studi di Torino, AO Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Filomena Caiaffa
- Cattedra e Scuola di Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Cameli
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- Personalized Medicine Center: Asthma and Allergology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Cristiano Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Centanni
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria D'Amato
- UOSD Malattie Respiratorie "Federico II", Ospedale Monaldi, AO Dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Fausto De Michele
- UOC Pneumologia e Fisiopatologia Respiratoria, AORN A. Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabiano Di Marco
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Pneumologia, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Francesco Menzella
- UOC Pneumologia, Ospedale "S. Valentino", AULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Montebelluna, TV, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Schino
- Fisiopatologia Respiratoria, Ospedale Generale Regionale, Ente Ecclesiastico "F. Miulli", Acquaviva delle Fonti, BA, Italy
| | - Gianenrico Senna
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Benci
- Medical Affairs R&I, AstraZeneca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Jan Walter Schroeder
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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Pirola F, Giunta G, Muci G, Giombi F, Nappi E, Grizzi F, Heffler E, Paoletti G, Canonica GW, Mercante G, Spriano G, Schroeder JW, Malvezzi L. Evolution in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: The Adjuvant Role of Reboot Surgery in Patients with Uncontrolled Nasal Symptoms of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040647. [PMID: 37109033 PMCID: PMC10143226 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the era of precision medicine, target-therapy with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) has enabled new treatment options in patients affected by eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Nevertheless, sometimes unsatisfactory results at a nasal level may be observed. The aim of this study is to describe reboot surgery as a potential adjuvant strategy in multi-operated, yet uncontrolled EGPA patients treated with Mepolizumab. METHODS We performed reboot surgery on EGPA patients with refractory CRSwNP. We obtained clinical data, nasal endoscopy, nasal biopsy, and symptom severity scores two months before surgery and 12 months after it. Computed tomography (CT) prior to surgery was also obtained. RESULTS Two patients were included in the study. Baseline sinonasal disease was severe. Systemic EGPA manifestations were under control, and the patients received previous mepolizumab treatment and previous surgery with no permanent benefits on sinonasal symptoms. Twelve months after surgery, nasal symptoms were markedly improved; endoscopy showed an absence of nasal polyps and there were fewer eosinophils at histology. CONCLUSIONS We presented the first experience of two EGPA patients with refractory CRSwNP who underwent non-mucosa sparing (reboot) sinus surgery; our results support the possible adjuvant role of reboot surgery in this particular subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pirola
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Giunta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Giombi
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nappi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Grizzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paoletti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mercante
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spriano
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Jan Walter Schroeder
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Malvezzi
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Unit, Casa di Cura Humanitas San Pio X, Via Francesco Nava 31, 20159 Milan, Italy
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7
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Senna G, Aliani M, Altieri E, Bracciale P, Brussino L, Caiaffa MF, Cameli P, Canonica GW, Caruso C, D’Amato M, De Michele F, Del Giacco S, Di Marco F, Menzella F, Pelaia G, Rogliani P, Romagnoli M, Schino P, Schroeder JW, Vultaggio A, Rizzoli S, Zullo A, Boarino S, Palmisano M, Rossi A, Vitiello G, Centanni S. Clinical Features and Efficacy of Benralizumab in Patients with Blood Eosinophil Count Between 300 and 450 Cells/mm 3: A Post Hoc Analysis from the ANANKE Study. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:1593-1604. [PMID: 36387835 PMCID: PMC9661992 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s383012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Benralizumab effectively reduces severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) exacerbations in patients with a wide range of baseline blood eosinophil count (BEC). Patients included in real-world studies are often characterized by high mean/median BEC, while patients with BEC close to 300 cells/mm3 are poorly represented. This post hoc analysis from the Italian study ANANKE aims to define the clinical features and corroborate the efficacy of benralizumab in real world in the BEC 300-450 cells/mm3 subset of patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Post hoc analysis of the Italian, multicenter, observational, retrospective real-life study ANANKE (NCT04272463). Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics were collected in the 12 months prior to benralizumab treatment and presented for a BEC 300-450 cells/mm3 subgroup of patients. Change over time of BEC, annualized exacerbation rate (AER), asthma control (ACT), lung function and oral corticosteroid (OCS) use at 16, 24 and 48 weeks after benralizumab introduction were collected. RESULTS A total of 164 patients were analyzed, 34 of whom with a BEC of 300-450 cells/mm3. This subgroup was more likely to be female (64.7%), with lower rates of severe exacerbations at baseline when compared to the total population (0.69 vs 1.01). After 48 weeks of benralizumab treatment, the BEC 300-450 subset showed similar reductions in AER (-94.8% vs -92.2%) and OCS use (median dose reduction of 100% in both groups), as well as improvement in ACT score (median scores 22.5 vs 22) and lung function (pre-BD FEV1: +200 mL vs +300 mL) when compared to the total population. No discontinuations for safety reasons were registered. CONCLUSION At baseline, apart from lower severe exacerbation rate, the BEC 300-450 cells/mm3 subset of patients is comparable to the total population prescribed with benralizumab. In this real-life study, benralizumab is as effective in BEC 300-450 patients as in the total population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianenrico Senna
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Aliani
- UO Pneumologia e Pneumologia Riabilitativa, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Altieri
- Reparto di Pneumologia, P.O., Garbagnate Milanese, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Brussino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, SSDDU Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Università degli Studi di Torino, AO Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Filomena Caiaffa
- Cattedra e Scuola di Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Cameli
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- Personalized Medicine Center: Asthma and Allergology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Cristiano Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria D’Amato
- UOSD Malattie Respiratorie “Federico II”, Ospedale Monaldi, AO Dei Colli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fausto De Michele
- UOC Pneumologia e Fisiopatologia Respiratoria, AORN A. Cardarelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabiano Di Marco
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Pneumologia, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Francesco Menzella
- UOC Pneumologia, Ospedale “S. Valentino”, AULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Montebelluna, TV, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital “Tor Vergata”, Roma, Italy
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Schino
- Fisiopatologia Respiratoria, Ospedale Generale Regionale, Ente Ecclesiastico “F. Miulli”, Acquaviva delle Fonti, BA, Italy
| | - Jan Walter Schroeder
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vultaggio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara Rizzoli
- Medineos Observational Research - An IQVIA Company, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zullo
- Medineos Observational Research - An IQVIA Company, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Centanni
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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8
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Ridolo E, Incorvaia C, Schroeder JW. Airborne anaphylaxis: highlighting an invisible enemy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:283-290. [PMID: 35942858 PMCID: PMC10815000 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Airborne anaphylaxis is a rare disorder defined by the occurrence of anaphylactic reactions to inhaled allergens, which may arise not only in occupational exposure but also in common settings. Foods are the most common cause of airborne anaphylaxis, even organic mixtures scents. The other important cause is represented by drugs, while in the wide range of other causes, there are often reports on unique cases. This review aims to make an overview about the potential causes of airborne anaphylaxis, by analysing what is described in literature on this topic. RECENT FINDINGS Concerning epidemiology, no data on specific prevalence of airborne allergy in adults are available. To date, only one study evaluated the specific prevalence of airborne allergy with anaphylaxis to foods in children, resulting in 5.9% of reactions due to exposure to aerosolized foods, compared with 78% of reactions caused by food ingestion. In addition to anaphylaxis, airborne-related reactions may also present with symptoms such as rhino-conjunctivitis, wheezing, dyspnoea and asthma. SUMMARY A detailed anamnesis facilitates a correct diagnosis, which allows appropriate therapeutic and preventive interventions, but, similarly to rare diseases in general, only specialized doctors are able to implement it. The assumption of the approach used in emergency medicine for other causes of anaphylaxis, that is referring the patient at discharge to an allergist who will teach the basic notions to recognize symptoms and access the appropriate therapy, would allow the patient to avoid situations of serious danger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erminia Ridolo
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Parma
| | - Cristoforo Incorvaia
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Parma
| | - Jan Walter Schroeder
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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Schroeder JW, Gamba C, Toniato A, Rongioletti F. A definite case of Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) induced by administration of the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine for SARS-CoV2. Clin Dermatol 2022; 40:591-594. [PMID: 35550918 PMCID: PMC9085440 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
At the end of December 2020, the anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccination campaign began in Italy. As the number of vaccinated subjects in the general population has increased, several adverse reactions have been observed and reported. Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) induced by drugs or vaccines are rare but distinguished by high mortality and include DRESS syndrome or drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS), a condition characterized by skin rash, eosinophilia, fever, lymphadenopathy, and involvement of one or more internal organs. Here we present a definite case of DRESS that occured following the administration of Pfizer/BioNTech COVID 19 vaccine. He required hospitalization and was managed with supportive care, antihistamines, and intravenous steroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Walter Schroeder
- From the Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy,
| | - Chiara Gamba
- From the Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy,
| | - Andrea Toniato
- From the Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy,
- Corresponding author: Andrea Toniato, M.D., Unit of Allergy and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162 Milan, Italy. Tel. +390264442751
| | - COVID-19 Study Group
- From the Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy,
- From the Unit of Pathological Anatomy and Cytogenetics, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy,
| | - Franco Rongioletti
- From the Dermatology Clinic, Vita-Salute S. Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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10
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Pastorello EA, Borgonovo L, Preziosi D, Schroeder JW, Pravettoni V, Aversano MG, Pastori S, Bilò MB, Piantanida M, Losappio LM, Nichelatti M, Rossi CM, Farioli L. Basal Tryptase High Levels Associated with a History of Arterial Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia Represent Risk Factors for Severe Anaphylaxis in Hymenoptera Venom-Allergic Subjects over 50 Years Old. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 182:146-152. [PMID: 33264768 DOI: 10.1159/000510527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allergy to Hymenoptera venom (HV) may lead to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Some of the factors influencing the symptom's severity are still undetermined. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical aspects associated with the most severe reactions in a population with HV allergy, by comparing clinical and immunochemical biomarkers between patients with previous local large reactions (LLRs) and systemic reactions (SRs). METHODS We selected adult patients with a history of HV allergy, with positive diagnostic tests and a correlation with one single Hymenoptera species. Age, gender, atopy, serum basal tryptase (sBT) value, total IgE, venom-specific IgE, history of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and hypercholesterolemia were compared between patients with previous LLRs and SRs. RESULTS 460 adult patients (381 SRs, 79 LLRs) were included. Age (p = 0.0097), male gender (p < 0.0001), arterial hypertension (p = 0.046), hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.009), and higher sBT levels (p = 0.0004) were significantly associated with severe reactions as independent variables. Moreover, considering the previous variables as risk factors, there was a significant and progressive increase in the odds of being Mueller III + IV as the number of positive variables increased. Patients with sBT ≥6.4 ng/mL adjusted for any of the positive variables had increased the risk of Mueller grade IV reaction (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION According to our results, older age, male gender, arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and increased levels of sBT ≥6.4 ng/mL are risk factors for severe anaphylaxis to HV in adults. Atopy and allergic asthma do not increase the risk of HV-induced SRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elide Anna Pastorello
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy,
| | - Linda Borgonovo
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Preziosi
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Jan Walter Schroeder
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Pravettoni
- Unit of General Medicine, Immunology and Allergology, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Gloria Aversano
- Unit of Internal Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Pastori
- Unit of Laboratory Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Bilò
- Allergy Unit, Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marta Piantanida
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michele Nichelatti
- Service of Biostatistics, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Rossi
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Farioli
- Unit of Laboratory Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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11
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Losappio LM, Mirone C, Schroeder JW, Scibilia J, Balossi L, Pastorello EA. Omalizumab Use in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria during Pregnancy and a Four Years' Follow-Up: A Case Report. Case Rep Dermatol 2020; 12:174-177. [PMID: 33173477 PMCID: PMC7588681 DOI: 10.1159/000509179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a benign skin disorder usually responsive to treatment; however, at times it can be difficult to control and become very debilitating. We discuss the case of a woman with CSU that was unresponsive to H1-antihistamines who was treated with omalizumab and became pregnant during omalizumab treatment. We also considered the follow-up of the mother and newborn for 4 years after delivery. Our case report confirms that omalizumab is a safe and effective therapeutic option, after careful evaluations in terms of cost-effectiveness, in pregnant and lactating women with severe chronic urticaria. Assessment throughout follow-up confirmed a regular progression of pregnancy parameters and no adverse reaction was documented in the child from birth to 4 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Michelina Losappio
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Corrado Mirone
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Jan Walter Schroeder
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Joseph Scibilia
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Balossi
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Elide Anna Pastorello
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
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Farioli L, Losappio LM, Schroeder JW, Preziosi D, Scibilia J, Caron L, Nichelatti M, Pastorello EA. Basal Tryptase Levels Can Predict Clinical Severity in Hymenoptera Venom Anaphylaxis and Ischemic Cardiovascular Disorders. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2019; 29:162-164. [PMID: 31017123 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Farioli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - L M Losappio
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - J W Schroeder
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - D Preziosi
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - J Scibilia
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - L Caron
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - M Nichelatti
- Biostatistics Service, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - E A Pastorello
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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13
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Schroeder JW, Folci M, Losappio LM, Chevallard M, Sinico RA, Mirone C, De Luca F, Nichelatti M, Pastorello EA. Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies Positivity and Anti-Leukotrienes in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Retrospective Monocentric Study on 134 Italian Patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 180:64-71. [PMID: 31189169 DOI: 10.1159/000500544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a systemic vasculitis associated with asthma, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) positivity, and tissue eosinophilia. OBJECTIVE To describe the presenting clinical features, significant biochemical alterations, and also potential pathogenic factors in adult patients diagnosed in our Center over a period of >20 years. METHOD A retrospective study of EGPA patients diagnosed from 1994 to 2019 at ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan (Italy), which was performed according to the 1990 American College of Rheumatology criteria and Chapel Hill Consensus Conference definition. A dataset was compiled, registering demographic and clinical features, biochemical analysis at onset, and also the therapies received 3 months prior to EGPA diagnose. Statistical analyses were subsequently conducted dividing patients in 2 groups based on ANCA positivity and comparing them. RESULTS Two groups were clearly identified by ANCA serology and specific organ involvement in accordance with literature reports; however, our data underline for the first time the association between anti-leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) and ANCA positivity. The group of previously treated patients presents an OR of 6.42 to be ANCA positive. This finding could be attributed to an imbalanced stimulation of leukotriene receptors, inducing both mast cells activation and an increased neutrophil extracellular traps release from neutrophils. CONCLUSION Despite the limitations of this retrospective study, the association between LTRAs and ANCA antibodies elucidates the mechanism by which innate immunity is directly involved in tolerance breakdown and autoantibodies production. Validation of our results with targeted studies could clarify the differences between ANCA-positive and ANCA-negative patients with important consequences on the use of some drug classes in the treatment of EGPA and asthmatic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Walter Schroeder
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Folci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Laura Michelina Losappio
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Michel Chevallard
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy.,DISCCO, University of Study of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Alberto Sinico
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Nephrology Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Corrado Mirone
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Luca
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Nichelatti
- Service of Biostatistics, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Elide Anna Pastorello
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy, .,DISCCO, University of Study of Milan, Milan, Italy,
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De Luca F, Losappio LM, Mirone C, Schroeder JW, Citterio A, Aversano MG, Scibilia J, Pastorello EA. Tolerated drugs in subjects with severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) induced by anticonvulsants and review of the literature. Clin Mol Allergy 2017; 15:16. [PMID: 29026345 PMCID: PMC5627447 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-017-0072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome represents a rare but potentially fatal kind of adverse drug reaction. This clinical picture often hampers the flexibility with which alternative anticonvulsants or even other classes of drugs are prescribed in these patients, negatively affecting the efficacy of treatment and the course of the disease. The aim of this study was to analyse a group of six patients with severe cutaneous drug reactions induced by anticonvulsants and to report which alternative antiepileptic drugs and which drugs of other classes were tolerated. Case presentation A total of six patients (2 males and 4 females, age 11–73 years) are described in this study. In all the patients the onset of the severe cutaneous drug reactions was 2–4 weeks after initiating the anticonvulsant therapy: 2 out of 6 patients presented with a drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms under therapy with phenytoin; 2 out of 6 presented with Stevens–Johnson syndrome under therapy with lamotrigine; and 2 out of 6 presented with a toxic epidermal necrolysis, one of them under therapy with valproic acid, and the other one under therapy with lamotrigine. Alternative anticonvulsants tolerated after the reaction were: clonazepam, levetiracetam, diazepam, delorazepam and lormetazepam. Conclusions In our cases we observed that non aromatic anticonvulsants and benzodiazepines were well tolerated as alternative treatments in six patients with reactions to aromatic anticonvulsivants and that the risk of hypersensitivity reactions to other drug classes was not increased as compared to general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio De Luca
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Michelina Losappio
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Corrado Mirone
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Jan Walter Schroeder
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Citterio
- Department of Burn/Intensive Care, Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Gloria Aversano
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Joseph Scibilia
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Elide Anna Pastorello
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162 Milan, Italy
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Shelver WL, Smith DJ, Tell LA, Baynes RE, Schroeder JW, Riviere JE. Screening and Confirmatory Analyses of Flunixin in Tissues and Bodily Fluids after Intravenous or Intramuscular Administration to Cull Dairy Cows with or without Lipopolysaccharide Challenge. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:336-345. [PMID: 26695354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Twenty cull dairy cows (645 ± 83 kg) were treated with 2.2 mg/kg bw flunixin by intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) administration with, or without, exposure to lipopolysaccharide in a two factor balanced design. The usefulness of screening assays to identify violative flunixin levels in a variety of easily accessible ante-mortem fluids in cattle was explored. Two animals with violative flunixin liver residue and/or violative 5-hydroxy flunixin milk residues were correctly identified by a flunixin liver ELISA screen. Oral fluid did not produce anticipated flunixin concentration profiles using ELISA determination. One cow that had liver and milk violative residues, and one cow that had a milk violation at the prescribed withdrawal period were correctly identified by flunixin milk lateral flow analyses. The ratio of urinary flunixin and 5-hydroxy flunixin may be useful for predicting disruption of metabolism caused by disease or other factors potentially leading to violative liver flunixin residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin L Shelver
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory , 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - David J Smith
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory , 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Lisa A Tell
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ronald E Baynes
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - J W Schroeder
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Jim E Riviere
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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16
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Pastorello EA, Farioli L, Losappio LM, Morici N, Di Biase M, Nichelatti M, Schroeder JW, Balossi L, Klugmann S. Serum tryptase detected during acute coronary syndrome is significantly related to the development of major adverse cardiovascular events after 2 years. Clin Mol Allergy 2015; 13:14. [PMID: 26038676 PMCID: PMC4451876 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-015-0013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the greatest challenges in cardiovascular medicine is to define the best tools for performing an accurate risk stratification for the recurrence of ischemic events in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. METHODS We followed 65 ACS patients enrolled in a previous pilot study for 2 years after being discharged, focusing on the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The relationship between serum tryptase levels on admission, SYNergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with the TAXUS drug-eluting stent and the cardiac surgery score (SX-score), cardiovascular complexity and MACE at 2 years follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS The ACS population was divided in two groups: patients with MACE (n = 23) and patients without MACE (n = 42). The tryptase measurement at admission (T0) and at discharge (T3) and SX-score were higher in patients who experienced MACE than in those without (p = 0.0001, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.006, respectively). Conversely, we found no significant association between MACE and C-reactive protein (CRP), and between MACE and maximum level of high-sensitivity troponin (hs-Tn) values. Among all patients with MACE, 96% belonged to the group that presented with cardiovascular complexity at the beginning of ACS index admission (p < 0.0001). The predictive accuracy of serum tryptase for MACE at follow up set at the cut-off point of 4.95 ng/ml at T0 and of 5.2 ng/ml at T3. Interestingly, patients with both the above cut-off tryptase values at T0 and at T3 presented a 1320% increase in the odds of developing MACE (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In ACS patients, serum tryptase measured during index admission is significantly correlated to the development of MACE up to 2 years, demonstrating a possible long-term prognostic role of this biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elide Anna Pastorello
- />The Department of Allergology and Immunology, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Farioli
- />The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nuccia Morici
- />The Department of Cardiology1-Emodinamic, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Biase
- />The Department of Cardiology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Jan Walter Schroeder
- />The Department of Allergology and Immunology, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Balossi
- />The Department of Allergology and Immunology, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Klugmann
- />The Department of Cardiology1-Emodinamic, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Smith DJ, Shelver WL, Baynes RE, Tell L, Gehring R, Li M, Dutko T, Schroeder JW, Herges G, Riviere JE. Excretory, Secretory, and Tissue Residues after Label and Extra-label Administration of Flunixin Meglumine to Saline- or Lipopolysaccharide-Exposed Dairy Cows. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:4893-4901. [PMID: 25950946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Twenty lactating dairy cattle were intravenously infused with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (n = 10) or sterile saline (n = 10). Five cattle in each group received three doses of flunixin meglumine administered by either intravenous infusion or intramuscular injection at 24 h intervals. Milk, urine, and tissues were collected. Thirty-six hours after the last flunixin administration, milk from six cows contained 5-hydroxyflunixin (5OHF) levels greater than the milk tolerance of 2 ng/mL; by 48 h, milk from two cows, a saline and a LPS-treated animal, had violative milk concentrations of 5OHF. A single animal treated with LPS and intramuscular flunixin contained violative flunixin residues in liver. The ratio of urinary flunixin/5OHF was correlated (P < 0.01; R(2) = 0.946) with liver flunixin residues in LPS-treated animals, but not (P = 0.96; R(2) = 0.003) in cows treated with saline in lieu of LPS. Violative residues of flunixin in dairy cattle may be related to LPS inhibition of flunixin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Smith
- †Biosciences Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Weilin L Shelver
- †Biosciences Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Ronald E Baynes
- #College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Lisa Tell
- §School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ronette Gehring
- ⊥Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Mengjie Li
- ⊥Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Terry Dutko
- ΔOffice of Public Health Science, Midwestern Laboratory, USDA-FSIS, 4300 Goodfellow Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63120, United States
| | - J W Schroeder
- ‡Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Grant Herges
- †Biosciences Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Jim E Riviere
- ⊥Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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Pastorello EA, Schroeder JW, Veronese SM, Pravettoni V, De Gasperi A, Cantoni S, Losappio L, Farioli L, Qualizza R, Scarpati B, Mascheri A, Scibilia J. Two cases of elevated tryptase in abdominal aortic aneurysm. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 47:58-61. [PMID: 25781196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION From the literature, patients with a history of anaphylaxis to hymenoptera venom and positive specific IgE have shown a correlation between elevated tryptase levels and two clinical situations: systemic mastocytosis and an increased risk of reactions to venom immunotherapy or hymenoptera sting. Other clinical scenarios could explain elevated tryptase levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS A 67 year old male (P1) and a 77 year old male (P2) were evaluated for previous severe anaphylaxis to hymenoptera sting. They underwent standard diagnostic work-up for hymenoptera venom allergy. Having found elevated tryptase levels, these were followed by a bone marrow biopsy to rule out systemic mastocytosis. RESULTS P1: specific IgE and skin tests were positive for Vespula species; tryptase 52.8 ng/ml; P2: specific IgE and skin tests were positive for Vespa cabro and tryptase 153 ng/ml. Bone marrow biopsy results were negative for mastocytosis. We carried out magnetic resonance imaging, in P1 to better characterize the severe osteoporosis and in P2 because during physical examination a pulsating mass had been identified in the mesogastrium, and an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta which required surgical intervention in both patients was detected. Eight months after surgery, tryptase levels had diminished significantly (P1: 11.6 ng/ml and P2: 14.5 ng/ml). DISCUSSION The elevated tryptase levels were correlated to abdominal aneurysm in both patients. In fact, post-surgery tryptase levels dramatically decreased. These two cases demonstrate that high tryptase levels in subjects with a history of hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis can be associated to undiagnosed aneurysmatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Pastorello
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milan 20162, Italy. Phone: +39 02 6444 27 51 Fax: +39 02 6444 20 82 E-mail:
| | - J W Schroeder
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - S M Veronese
- Department of Anatomy Histology and Cytogenetics, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - V Pravettoni
- Clinical Allergy and Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - A De Gasperi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - S Cantoni
- Department of Hematology, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - L Losappio
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - L Farioli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - R Qualizza
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - B Scarpati
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - A Mascheri
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - J Scibilia
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Schroeder JW, Bauer ML, Bork NR. Effect of flaxseed physical form on digestibility of lactation diets fed to Holstein steers. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:5718-28. [PMID: 24952769 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-7911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Four multicannulated (rumen, duodenum, and ileum) Holstein steers (459.7±46.4kg of initial body weight) were used in a 4×4 Latin square design to determine the effect of flaxseed processing method on ruminal fermentation and digestibility. Treatments were based on inclusion of (1) 7.5% linseed meal (control), (2) 10% whole flaxseed, (3) 10% rolled flaxseed, or (4) 10% ground flaxseed on a dry matter (DM) basis, and were formulated to mimic typical high-producing dairy cow lactation diets. The control diet contained linseed meal in a proportion to provide crude protein (CP) equal to the amount of CP contributed by the flaxseed in the other treatments. Diets were fed for ad libitum intake and contained 30% corn silage, 17% chopped alfalfa hay, 6% sugar beet pulp, and 47% concentrate (comprising ground corn, supplemental protein, trace minerals and vitamins, and either flaxseed or linseed meal (DM basis). Diets were formulated to contain 17% CP, 34% neutral detergent fiber, 21% acid detergent fiber, and 4% fatty acid (DM basis). Periods were 14 d long and consisted of 7 d of adaptation and 7 d of sample collection. Dry matter intake (as a % of body weight) was similar (2.41±0.17) for all treatments. The inclusion of flaxseed, regardless of processing method, tended to decrease total-tract organic matter digestibility relative to the linseed control, but no differences in CP intake, duodenal CP flow (bacterial, apparent feed, or total), ileal CP flow, fecal CP output, microbial efficiency, or CP digestibility (apparent ruminal, true ruminal, small intestine, large intestine, or total tract) were observed between treatments. Method of processing did not alter ruminal pH, ammonia, or volatile fatty acids production. The ground flaxseed treatment had the fastest rate of in situ DM degradation (11.25%/h), followed by the control (7.46%/h), rolled flaxseed (4.53%/h), and whole flaxseed (0.57%/h) treatments. Degradability of CP and fat followed the same pattern as DM degradability for processed flaxseed. In situ degradation rates of alfalfa hay neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber tended to be fastest for the ground flaxseed treatment. Taken together, the digestibility, fermentation, and in situ data indicate that rolling and grinding are both acceptable methods of processing flaxseed. The in situ data strongly support the need for processing flaxseed before inclusion in lactation diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Schroeder
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108.
| | - M L Bauer
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108
| | - N R Bork
- Standard Nutrition Services, Luverne, MN 56156
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Pastorello EA, Morici N, Farioli L, Di Biase M, Losappio LM, Nichelatti M, Lupica L, Schroeder JW, Stafylaraki C, Klugmann S. Serum tryptase: a new biomarker in patients with acute coronary syndrome? Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 164:97-105. [PMID: 24943670 DOI: 10.1159/000360164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cell tryptase has recently been reported to be involved in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization. However, the results of these reports are conflicting. METHODS The aim of this study was to characterize the role of tryptase as a prognostic marker of patient cardiovascular complexity in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Furthermore, its association with an angiographic scoring system [defined by the SYNergy between percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the TAXUS drug-eluting stent and the cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) score] was examined. The serum tryptase was measured at admission in 65 consecutive ACS patients and in 35 healthy controls. In the patients with ACS, a composite measure of clinical and angiographic patient cardiovascular complexity was indicated by two of the following: clinical adverse events at hospitalization, at least 2 epicardial coronary arteries involved in the atherosclerotic disease, more than 1 stent implanted or more than 2 coronary artery disease risk factors. RESULTS The tryptase measurements were lower in patients without the composite measure (p < 0.0005). Linear regression showed a significant relationship between tryptase levels and the SYNTAX score (SX-score). Conversely, high-sensitivity troponin values did not correlate with either the composite outcome or the SX-score. The predictive accuracy of serum tryptase for the composite outcome was set at the cut-off point of 5.22 ng/ml (sensitivity 81% and specificity 95.7%). CONCLUSION In ACS patients, serum tryptase levels at admission may predict patient cardiovascular complexity more reliably than currently known biomarkers. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the long-term prognostic role of this biomarker in ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elide Anna Pastorello
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Schroeder JW, Dubey VN, Hickish T, Cole J. Case Study on Repeatability of a Threshold-Based Calibration Method for Electrocutaneous Feedback Systems. J Med Device 2012. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4026694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Venketesh N Dubey
- Smart Technology Research Centre, School of Design, Engineering & Computing, Bournemouth University
| | - Tamas Hickish
- Smart Technology Research Centre, School of Design, Engineering & Computing, Bournemouth University
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital
| | - Jonathan Cole
- Smart Technology Research Centre, School of Design, Engineering & Computing, Bournemouth University
- Poole Hospital
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Schroeder JW, Dubey VN, Hickish T, Cole J. Wearable Electrocutaneous Feedback System: A Smart Device to Compensate for Sensation Loss. J Med Device 2012. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4026693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tamas Hickish
- Smart Technology Research Centre, School of Design, Engineering & Computing, Bournemouth University
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital
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Piantanida M, Farioli L, Scibilia J, Mascheri A, Pravettoni V, Primavesi L, Nichelatti M, Marocchi A, Schroeder JW, Stafylaraki C, Pastorello EA. Tomato hypersensitivity in peach allergic patients: rPru p3 and rPru p1 positivity is predictive of the symptom severity. Clin Transl Allergy 2011. [PMCID: PMC3354210 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-1-s1-p77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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24
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Stafylaraki C, Farioli L, Scibilia J, Giuffrida MG, Mascheri A, Pravettoni V, Baro C, Piantanida M, Primavesi L, Nichelatti M, Marocchi A, Schroeder JW, Pastorello EA. Hypersensitivity to fennel is frequent in peach allergic patients and LTP is a major fennel allergen. Clin Transl Allergy 2011. [PMCID: PMC3354211 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-1-s1-p78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effects of feeding ground canola seed on the fatty acid profile, yield, and composition of milk from dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows (548.3 +/- 11.9 kg body weight and 28 +/- 9 d in lactation) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: Control (CON) or ground canola seed treatment (GCS) with 14% [of diet dry matter (DM)] of the total ration as ground canola seed containing 34% lipid. Diets contained 20% crude protein, but varied in net energy as a result of fat content differences of 2.5% and 6.4% (DM) for CON and GCS, respectively. Diets were composed of corn, corn silage, alfalfa (50:50 ground hay and haylage, DM basis), soybean and blood meal, and vitamins and minerals. Mechanically extruded canola meal was used in the CON diet to adjust for the protein from canola seed in the GCS diet. Cows were housed in tie-stalls and fed and milked twice daily for 10 wk. The inclusion of ground canola seed did not alter DM intake, weight gain, or body condition score of cows. Milk fat from GCS cows had greater proportions of long-chain fatty acids (> or = 18 carbons) and a lower ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids. Feeding GCS reduced the proportion of short- and medium-chain fatty acids. Milk fat from cows fed GCS had a greater proportion of vaccenic acid and tended to have a higher proportion of cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid. Actual and 3.5% fat-corrected milk yields were similar between treatments. The milk fat and protein percentages were lower for GCS cows, but total yield of these components was similar between treatments. Milk urea nitrogen was lower and serum urea nitrogen tended to be lower in cows fed canola seed. Serum glucose, insulin, and nonesterified fatty acids were not altered, but serum triglycerides were higher in GCS cows. Ammonia and total volatile fatty acids tended to be lower in ruminal fluid from GCS cows; rumen pH was unchanged. Feeding canola seed to lactating dairy cows resulted in milk fat with higher proportions of healthful fatty acids without affecting milk yield or composition of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Chichlowski
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58105, USA
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26
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Abstract
Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows averaging 566 +/- 43 kg of body weight and 83 +/- 49 d in lactation were assigned to treatments stratified by age, days in milk, and milk yield to evaluate the effects of feeding increasing levels of wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) on lactational performance and milk composition. Complete diets containing 0, 15, 30, or 45% of the total ration dry matter (DM) as WCGF were formulated to be 17.2% crude protein and 1.72 Mcal of NE(L) per kilogram of DM, and fed twice daily to individual cows in Calan gates for 15 wk. All diets had a positive metabolizable protein balance. WCGF did not alter DM intake, but feed intake variance tended to be more consistent among cows fed 15 and 30% WCGF (DM basis). Weight gain was numerically greatest for those cows receiving 45% WCGF. Efficiency of energy and protein utilization was not different among treatments. Milk components of fat, protein, and casein were not different among treatments. Milk urea nitrogen was greater for cows on WCGF. Serum urea nitrogen was greatest in cows fed diets containing 15 and 45% WCGF. Serum insulin was lowest in the groups receiving 30 and 45% WCGF, but serum glucose and total protein were unaffected. The concentration of the ruminal volatile fatty acid, valerate, was greater in cows on the WCGF diet and highest in cows fed 30% WCGF. Ruminal ammonia was greatest in cows receiving 30% WCGF. It was estimated that 18.6% of the dietary DM fed as WCGF as a replacement for both portions of the concentrate and the forage in similar diets would have maximized milk yield without negatively affecting milk composition or feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Schroeder
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105-5053, USA.
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Gabram SG, Hoenig J, Schroeder JW, Mansour A, Gamelli R. What are the primary concerns of recently graduated surgeons and how do they differ from those of the residency training years? Arch Surg 2001; 136:1109-14. [PMID: 11585500 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.136.10.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Graduated surgeons have differences in concerns when comparisons are made between fellows and practicing surgeons, practicing surgeons and residents, and male and female surgeons. DESIGN AND SETTING A survey was distributed to surgeons who graduated from 17 New England residency programs from 1993 to 1996, consisting of 9 demographic questions and 33 items coded on a Likert-type scale (with scores from 1 [least concerning] to 5 [most concerning]). PARTICIPANTS Surgical fellows and practicing surgeons recently graduated from general surgical residency programs in New England who had participated in a previous study as residents. INTERVENTION Distribution and completion of the survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Personal and career-oriented concerns of recently graduated surgical residents. RESULTS Personal issues continue to rank high for graduated residents, but the areas of greatest concern became more financially and career oriented. The top concerns of fellows were personal finances (mean score, 3.2), child rearing (mean score, 3.1), salary (mean score, 3.1), postponing family plans (mean score, 3.0), availability of role models (mean score, 2.9), and number of work hours (mean score, 2.8). The top concerns of practicing surgeons were salary (mean score, 3.2), personal finances (mean score, 3.1), number of referrals (mean score, 3.0), support for research (mean score, 2.7), child rearing (mean score, 2.7), and availability of role models (mean score, 2.7). Differences existed between men and women for child rearing, initiating personal relationships, maintaining personal relationships, maternity leave, and promotional advancement. Women were more concerned than men. CONCLUSIONS Assistance with career planning and job selection during the residency years should be enhanced to diminish the concerns about financial issues and the availability of role models after graduation. Many of the concerns among male and female graduates are still reflective of larger societal expectations, but some, such as promotional advancement, may be attenuated through guidance and mentoring of residents before job selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Gabram
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S First Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Schroeder
- Texas A & M University, Faculty of Genetics and Department of Wildlife & Fisheries Sciences, 2258 TAMUS, College Station, Texas 77843-2258, USA
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Mann BJ, Dodson JM, Schroeder JW, Lockhart LA, Leo B, Clark CG. Structure and function of the galactose/N-acetyl D-galactosamine inhibitable adhesin of Entamoeba dispar. Arch Med Res 1997; 28 Spec No:168-9. [PMID: 9033057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B J Mann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA
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