1
|
Nabel KG, Clark SA, Shankar S, Pan J, Clark LE, Yang P, Coscia A, McKay LGA, Varnum HH, Brusic V, Tolan NV, Zhou G, Desjardins M, Turbett SE, Kanjilal S, Sherman AC, Dighe A, LaRocque RC, Ryan ET, Tylek C, Cohen-Solal JF, Darcy AT, Tavella D, Clabbers A, Fan Y, Griffiths A, Correia IR, Seagal J, Baden LR, Charles RC, Abraham J. Structural basis for continued antibody evasion by the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain. Science 2022; 375:eabl6251. [PMID: 34855508 PMCID: PMC9127715 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl6251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have examined the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants on neutralizing antibody activity after they have become dominant strains. Here, we evaluate the consequences of further viral evolution. We demonstrate mechanisms through which the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) can tolerate large numbers of simultaneous antibody escape mutations and show that pseudotypes containing up to seven mutations, as opposed to the one to three found in previously studied variants of concern, are more resistant to neutralization by therapeutic antibodies and serum from vaccine recipients. We identify an antibody that binds the RBD core to neutralize pseudotypes for all tested variants but show that the RBD can acquire an N-linked glycan to escape neutralization. Our findings portend continued emergence of escape variants as SARS-CoV-2 adapts to humans.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/chemistry
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- BNT162 Vaccine/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/virology
- Cross Reactions
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Epitopes
- Evolution, Molecular
- Humans
- Immune Evasion
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Polysaccharides/analysis
- Protein Binding
- Protein Domains
- Receptors, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Receptors, Coronavirus/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Viral Pseudotyping
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G. Nabel
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah A. Clark
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sundaresh Shankar
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Junhua Pan
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lars E. Clark
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adrian Coscia
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lindsay G. A. McKay
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Haley H. Varnum
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vesna Brusic
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicole V. Tolan
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guohai Zhou
- Center for Clinical Investigation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michaël Desjardins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal QC H2X 0C1, Canada
| | - Sarah E. Turbett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sanjat Kanjilal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Amy C. Sherman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anand Dighe
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Regina C. LaRocque
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Edward T. Ryan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Casey Tylek
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yao Fan
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Jane Seagal
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lindsey R. Baden
- Center for Clinical Investigation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richelle C. Charles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jonathan Abraham
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Graf R, Seagal J, Otipoby KL, Lam KP, Ayoub S, Zhang B, Sander S, Chu VT, Rajewsky K. BCR-dependent lineage plasticity in mature B cells. Science 2019; 363:748-753. [PMID: 30765568 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau8475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
B2 cells engage in classical antibody responses, whereas B1 cells are considered carriers of innate immunity, biased toward recognizing epitopes present on the surfaces of common pathogens and self antigens. To explore the role of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) specificity in driving B1 cell differentiation, we developed a transgenic system allowing us to change BCR specificity in B cells in an inducible and programmed manner. Mature B2 cells differentiated into bona fide B1 cells upon acquisition of a B1 cell-typical self-reactive BCR through a phase of proliferative expansion. Thus, B2 cells have B1 cell differentiation potential in addition to their classical capacity to differentiate into memory and plasma cells, and B1 differentiation can be instructed by BCR-mediated self-reactivity, in the absence of B1-lineage precommitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Graf
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jane Seagal
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, and Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin L Otipoby
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, and Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Salah Ayoub
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Baochun Zhang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, and Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sandrine Sander
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Adaptive Immunity and Lymphoma, German Cancer Research Center / National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Van Trung Chu
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Rajewsky
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany. .,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, and Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Perper SJ, Westmoreland SV, Karman J, Twomey R, Seagal J, Wang R, McRae BL, Clarke SH. Treatment with a CD40 Antagonist Antibody Reverses Severe Proteinuria and Loss of Saliva Production and Restores Glomerular Morphology in Murine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Immunol 2019; 203:58-75. [PMID: 31109957 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CD40 is a costimulatory receptor on APCs that is critical for the induction and maintenance of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Accordingly, CD40 and its ligand, CD40L, have long been considered targets for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. We developed a rat/mouse chimeric anti-mouse CD40 antagonist mAb, 201A3, and evaluated its ability to alleviate murine lupus. Treatment of NZB/W-F1 mice with 201A3 after the onset of severe proteinuria rapidly reversed established severe proteinuria and nephritis and largely restored normal glomerular and tubular morphology. This coincided with a normalization of the expression of genes associated with proteinuria and injury by kidney parenchymal cells. Anti-CD40 treatment also prevented and reversed loss of saliva production and sialadenitis. These effects on kidney and salivary gland function were confirmed using mice of a second strain, MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr, and extended to alleviating joint inflammation. Immunologically, anti-CD40 treatment disrupted multiple processes that contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including autoreactive B cell activation, T effector cell function in target tissues, and type I IFN production. This ability to disrupt disease-critical immunological mechanisms, to reverse glomerular and tubular injury at the cellular and gene expression levels, and to confer exceptional therapeutic efficacy suggests that CD40 is a central disease pathway in murine SLE. Thus, a CD40 antagonist Ab could be an effective therapeutic in the treatment of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jane Seagal
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Rui Wang
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01605
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pai CCS, Huang JT, Lu X, Simons DM, Park C, Chang A, Tamaki W, Liu E, Roybal KT, Seagal J, Chen M, Hagihara K, Wei XX, DuPage M, Kwek SS, Oh DY, Daud A, Tsai KK, Wu C, Zhang L, Fasso M, Sachidanandam R, Jayaprakash A, Lin I, Casbon AJ, Kinsbury GA, Fong L. Clonal Deletion of Tumor-Specific T Cells by Interferon-γ Confers Therapeutic Resistance to Combination Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Immunity 2019; 50:477-492.e8. [PMID: 30737146 PMCID: PMC6886475 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to checkpoint-blockade treatments is a challenge in the clinic. We found that although treatment with combined anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 improved control of established tumors, this combination compromised anti-tumor immunity in the low tumor burden (LTB) state in pre-clinical models as well as in melanoma patients. Activated tumor-specific T cells expressed higher amounts of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) receptor and were more susceptible to apoptosis than naive T cells. Combination treatment induced deletion of tumor-specific T cells and altered the T cell repertoire landscape, skewing the distribution of T cells toward lower-frequency clonotypes. Additionally, combination therapy induced higher IFN-γ production in the LTB state than in the high tumor burden (HTB) state on a per-cell basis, reflecting a less exhausted immune status in the LTB state. Thus, elevated IFN-γ secretion in the LTB state contributes to the development of an immune-intrinsic mechanism of resistance to combination checkpoint blockade, highlighting the importance of achieving the optimal magnitude of immune stimulation for successful combination immunotherapy strategies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- CTLA-4 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- CTLA-4 Antigen/immunology
- CTLA-4 Antigen/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Clonal Deletion/drug effects
- Clonal Deletion/immunology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Burden/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chun Steven Pai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John T Huang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Donald M Simons
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Chanhyuk Park
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anthony Chang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Whitney Tamaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eric Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kole T Roybal
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jane Seagal
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Hematopathology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Katsunobu Hagihara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xiao X Wei
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michel DuPage
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Serena S Kwek
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David Y Oh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Adil Daud
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Katy K Tsai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Clint Wu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marcella Fasso
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | | - Ingrid Lin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Amy-Jo Casbon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Lawrence Fong
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Su Z, Paulsboe S, Wetter J, Salte K, Kannan A, Mathew S, Horowitz A, Gerstein C, Namovic M, Todorović V, Seagal J, Edelmayer RM, Viner M, Rinaldi L, Zhou L, Leys L, Huang S, Wang L, Sadhukhan R, Honore P, McGaraughty S, Scott VE. IL-36 receptor antagonistic antibodies inhibit inflammatory responses in preclinical models of psoriasiform dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:113-120. [PMID: 30417427 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) results from activation of IL-23/Th17 immune pathway and is further amplified by cytokines/chemokines from skin cells. Among skin-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-36 family members are highly upregulated in PV patients and play a critical role in general pustular psoriasis. However, there is limited data showing crosstalk between the IL-23 and IL-36 pathways in PV. Herein, potential attenuation of skin inflammation in the IL-23-induced mouse model of psoriasiform dermatitis by functional inhibition of IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) was interrogated. Anti-mouse IL-36R monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated and validated in vitro by inhibiting IL-36α-induced secretion of CXCL1 from NIH 3T3 cells. Antibody target engagement was demonstrated by inhibition of CXCL1 production in a novel acute model of IL-36α systemic injection in mice. In addition, anti-IL-36R mAbs inhibited tissue inflammation and inflammatory gene expression in an IL-36α ear injection model of psoriasiform dermatitis demonstrating engagement of the target in the ear skin. To elucidate the possible role of IL-36 signalling in IL-23/Th17 pathway, the ability of anti-IL-36R mAbs to inhibit skin inflammation in an IL-23 ear injection model was assessed. Inhibiting the IL-36 pathway resulted in significant attenuation of skin thickening and psoriasis-relevant gene expression. Taken together, these data suggest a role for IL-36 signalling in the IL-23/Th17 signalling axis in PV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Su
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Joseph Wetter
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Arun Kannan
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sheeba Mathew
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Amanda Horowitz
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Clare Gerstein
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marian Namovic
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Jane Seagal
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michelle Viner
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa Rinaldi
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Li Zhou
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Laura Leys
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Susan Huang
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Leyu Wang
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | | | - Prisca Honore
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pai CCS, Simons DM, Lu X, Evans M, Wei J, Wang YH, Chen M, Huang J, Park C, Chang A, Wang J, Westmoreland S, Beam C, Banach D, Bowley D, Dong F, Seagal J, Ritacco W, Richardson PL, Mitra S, Lynch G, Bousquet P, Mankovich J, Kingsbury G, Fong L. Tumor-conditional anti-CTLA4 uncouples antitumor efficacy from immunotherapy-related toxicity. J Clin Invest 2018; 129:349-363. [PMID: 30530991 DOI: 10.1172/jci123391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While immune checkpoint blockade leads to potent antitumor efficacy, it also leads to immune-related adverse events in cancer patients. These toxicities stem from systemic immune activation resulting in inflammation of multiple organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, lung, and endocrine organs. We developed a dual variable domain immunoglobulin of anti-CTLA4 antibody (anti-CTLA4 DVD, where CTLA4 is defined as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4) possessing an outer tumor-specific antigen-binding site engineered to shield the inner anti-CTLA4-binding domain. Upon reaching the tumor, the outer domain was cleaved by membrane type-serine protease 1 (MT-SP1) present in the tumor microenvironment, leading to enhanced localization of CTLA4 blockade. Anti-CTLA4 DVD markedly reduced multiorgan immune toxicity by preserving tissue-resident Tregs in Rag 1-/- mice that received naive donor CD4+ T cells from WT C57BL/6j mice. Moreover, anti-CTLA4 DVD induced potent antitumor effects by decreasing tumor-infiltrating Tregs and increasing the infiltration of antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in TRAMP-C2-bearing C57BL/6j mice. Treg depletion was mediated through the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mechanism, as anti-CTLA4 without the FcγR-binding portion (anti-CTLA4 DANA) spared Tregs, preventing treatment-induced toxicities. In summary, our results demonstrate an approach to anti-CTLA4 blockade that depletes tumor-infiltrating, but not tissue-resident, Tregs, preserving antitumor effects while minimizing toxicity. Thus, our tumor-conditional anti-CTLA4 DVD provides an avenue for uncoupling antitumor efficacy from immunotherapy-induced toxicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chun Steven Pai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Xiaoqing Lu
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Junnian Wei
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yung-Hua Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Hematopathology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - John Huang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chanhyuk Park
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anthony Chang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Christine Beam
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dave Banach
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diana Bowley
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Feng Dong
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jane Seagal
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wendy Ritacco
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Soumya Mitra
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Grace Lynch
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pete Bousquet
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Lawrence Fong
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.,Parker Immunotherapy Institute, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Weber T, Seagal J, Winkler W, Wirtz T, Chu VT, Rajewsky K. A novel allele for inducible Cre expression in germinal center B cells. Eur J Immunol 2018; 49:192-194. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timm Weber
- Immune Regulation and Cancer Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Helmholtz Alliance Berlin Germany
| | - Jane Seagal
- Immune Disease Institute Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Wiebke Winkler
- Immune Regulation and Cancer Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Helmholtz Alliance Berlin Germany
| | - Tristan Wirtz
- Immune Regulation and Cancer Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Helmholtz Alliance Berlin Germany
| | - Van Trung Chu
- Immune Regulation and Cancer Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Helmholtz Alliance Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Klaus Rajewsky
- Immune Regulation and Cancer Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Helmholtz Alliance Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Todorovic V, Su Z, Lippert S, Leys L, Gerstein C, Seagal J, Mathew S, Horowitz A, Olson L, Sielaff B, Medina L, Wang L, Sadhukan R, Salte K, Scott V. 399 IL-36 receptor antagonistic antibodies inhibit inflammatory response in IL-23 model of psoriasiform dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
9
|
Patterson HC, Kraus M, Wang D, Shahsafaei A, Henderson JM, Seagal J, Otipoby KL, Thai TH, Rajewsky K. Cytoplasmic Ig alpha serine/threonines fine-tune Ig alpha tyrosine phosphorylation and limit bone marrow plasma cell formation. J Immunol 2011; 187:2853-8. [PMID: 21841126 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Igα serine 191 and 197 and threonine 203, which are located in proximity of the Igα ITAM, dampen Igα ITAM tyrosine phosphorylation. In this study, we show that mice with targeted mutations of Igα S191, 197, and T203 displayed elevated serum IgG2c and IgG2b concentrations and had elevated numbers of IgG2c- and IgG2b-secreting cells in the bone marrow. BCR-induced Igα tyrosine phosphorylation was slightly increased in splenic B cells. Our results suggest that Igα serine/threonines limit formation of IgG2c- and IgG2b-secreting bone marrow plasma cells, possibly by fine-tuning Igα tyrosine-mediated BCR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heide Christine Patterson
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Children's Hospital Boston and Immune Disease Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Calado DP, Zhang B, Srinivasan L, Sasaki Y, Seagal J, Unitt C, Rodig S, Kutok J, Tarakhovsky A, Schmidt-Supprian M, Rajewsky K. Constitutive canonical NF-κB activation cooperates with disruption of BLIMP1 in the pathogenesis of activated B cell-like diffuse large cell lymphoma. Cancer Cell 2010; 18:580-9. [PMID: 21156282 PMCID: PMC3018685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) comprises disease entities with distinct genetic profiles, including germinal center B cell (GCB)-like and activated B cell (ABC)-like DLBCLs. Major differences between these two subtypes include genetic aberrations leading to constitutive NF-κB activation and interference with terminal B cell differentiation through BLIMP1 inactivation, observed in ABC- but not GCB-DLBCL. Using conditional gain-of-function and/or loss-of-function mutagenesis in the mouse, we show that constitutive activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway cooperates with disruption of BLIMP1 in the development of a lymphoma that resembles human ABC-DLBCL. Our work suggests that both NF-κB signaling, as an oncogenic event, and BLIMP1, as a tumor suppressor, play causal roles in the pathogenesis of ABC-DLBCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinis Pedro Calado
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, and Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Baochun Zhang
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, and Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lakshmi Srinivasan
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, and Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yoshiteru Sasaki
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, and Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Riken Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Jane Seagal
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, and Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christine Unitt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Scott Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffery Kutok
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Tarakhovsky
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, and Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18 D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Klaus Rajewsky
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, and Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Solano L, Zoppi L, Barnaba L, Fabbrizi S, Zani R, Murgia F, Nicotra M, Pennebaker JW, Seagal J. Health consequences of differences in emotional processing and reactivity following the 1997 earthquake in Central Italy. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/13548500125133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
12
|
Izhak L, Wildbaum G, Zohar Y, Anunu R, Klapper L, Elkeles A, Seagal J, Yefenof E, Ayalon-Soffer M, Karin N. A novel recombinant fusion protein encoding a 20-amino acid residue of the third extracellular (E3) domain of CCR2 neutralizes the biological activity of CCL2. J Immunol 2009; 183:732-9. [PMID: 19535619 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CCL2 is a key CC chemokine that has been implicated in a variety of inflammatory autoimmune diseases and in tumor progression and it is therefore an important target for therapeutic intervention in these diseases. Soluble receptor-based therapy is a known approach for neutralizing the in vivo functions of soluble mediators. Owing to the complexity of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors, efforts to generate neutralizing soluble chemokine receptors have so far failed. We developed a strategy that is based on the generation of short recombinant proteins encoding different segments of a G protein-coupled receptor, and tested the ability of each of them to bind and neutralize its target chemokine. We show that a fusion protein comprised of as few as 20 aa of the third extracellular (E3) domain of the CCL2 receptor, stabilized by the IgG H chain Fc domain (E3-IgG or BL-2030), selectively binds CCL2 and CCL16 and effectively neutralizes their biological activities. More importantly, E3-IgG (BL-2030) could effectively suppress the in vivo biological activity of CCL2, attenuating ongoing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, as well as the development of human prostate tumor in SCID mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liat Izhak
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hao Z, Duncan GS, Seagal J, Su YW, Hong C, Haight J, Chen NJ, Elia A, Wakeham A, Li WY, Liepa J, Wood GA, Casola S, Rajewsky K, Mak TW. Fas receptor expression in germinal-center B cells is essential for T and B lymphocyte homeostasis. Immunity 2008; 29:615-27. [PMID: 18835195 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fas is highly expressed in activated and germinal center (GC) B cells but can potentially be inactivated by misguided somatic hypermutation. We employed conditional Fas-deficient mice to investigate the physiological functions of Fas in various B cell subsets. B cell-specific Fas-deficient mice developed fatal lymphoproliferation due to activation of B cells and T cells. Ablation of Fas specifically in GC B cells reproduced the phenotype, indicating that the lymphoproliferation initiates in the GC environment. B cell-specific Fas-deficient mice also showed an accumulation of IgG1(+) memory B cells expressing high amounts of CD80 and the expansion of CD28-expressing CD4(+) Th cells. Blocking T cell-B cell interaction and GC formation completely prevented the fatal lymphoproliferation. Thus, Fas-mediated selection of GC B cells and the resulting memory B cell compartment is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of both T and B lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyue Hao
- Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Waisman A, Kraus M, Seagal J, Ghosh S, Melamed D, Song J, Sasaki Y, Classen S, Lutz C, Brombacher F, Nitschke L, Rajewsky K. IgG1 B cell receptor signaling is inhibited by CD22 and promotes the development of B cells whose survival is less dependent on Ig alpha/beta. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 204:747-58. [PMID: 17420268 PMCID: PMC2118546 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20062024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe a mouse strain in which B cell development relies either on the expression of membrane-bound immunoglobulin (Ig) gamma1 or mu heavy chains. Progenitor cells expressing gamma1 chains from the beginning generate a peripheral B cell compartment of normal size with all subsets, but a partial block is seen at the pro- to pre-B cell transition. Accordingly, gamma1-driven B cell development is disfavored in competition with developing B cells expressing a wild-type (WT) IgH locus. However, the mutant B cells display a long half-life and accumulate in the mature B cell compartment, and even though partial truncation of the Ig alpha cytoplasmic tail compromises their development, it does not affect their maintenance, as it does in WT cells. IgG1-expressing B cells showed an enhanced Ca(2+) response upon B cell receptor cross-linking, which was not due to a lack of inhibition by CD22. The enhanced Ca(2+) response was also observed in mature B cells that had been switched from IgM to IgG1 expression in vivo. Collectively, these results suggest that the gamma1 chain can exert a unique signaling function that can partially replace that of the Ig alpha/beta heterodimer in B cell maintenance and may contribute to memory B cell physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ari Waisman
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Casola S, Cattoretti G, Uyttersprot N, Koralov SB, Seagal J, Hao Z, Waisman A, Egert A, Ghitza D, Rajewsky K. Tracking germinal center B cells expressing germ-line immunoglobulin gamma1 transcripts by conditional gene targeting. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:7396-401. [PMID: 16651521 PMCID: PMC1464351 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0602353103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) represent the main sites for the generation of high-affinity, class-switched antibodies during T cell-dependent antibody responses. To study gene function specifically in GC B cells, we generated Cgamma1-cre mice in which the expression of Cre recombinase is induced by transcription of the Ig gamma1 constant region gene segment (Cgamma1). In these mice, Cre-mediated recombination at the fas, Igbeta, IgH, and Rosa26 loci occurred in GC B cells as early as 4 days after immunization with T cell-dependent antigens and involved >85% of GC B cells at the peak of the GC reaction. Less than 2% of IgM(+) B cells showed Cre-mediated recombination. These cells carried few Ig somatic mutations, expressed germ-line Cgamma1- and activation-induced cytidine deaminase-specific transcripts and likely include GC B cell founders and/or plasma cell precursors. Cre-mediated recombination involved most IgG1, but also a fraction of IgG3-, IgG2a-, IgG2b-, and IgA-expressing GC and post-GC B cells. This result indicates that a GC B cell can transcribe more than one downstream C(H) gene before undergoing class switch recombination. The efficient induction of Cre expression in GC B cells makes the Cgamma1-cre allele a powerful tool for the genetic analysis of these cells, as well as, in combination with a suitable marker for Cre-mediated recombination, the tracking of class-switched memory B and plasma cells in vivo. To expedite the genetic analysis of GC B cells, we have established Cgamma1-cre F(1) embryonic stem cells, allowing further rounds of gene targeting and the cloning of compound mutants by tetraploid embryo complementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Casola
- *CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 121, D-50931 Cologne, Germany; and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - Giorgio Cattoretti
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, 1150 Saint Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032
| | - Nathalie Uyttersprot
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 121, D-50931 Cologne, Germany; and
| | - Sergei B. Koralov
- *CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jane Seagal
- *CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Zhenyue Hao
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 121, D-50931 Cologne, Germany; and
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 121, D-50931 Cologne, Germany; and
| | - Angela Egert
- *CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 121, D-50931 Cologne, Germany; and
| | - Dvora Ghitza
- *CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Klaus Rajewsky
- *CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 121, D-50931 Cologne, Germany; and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Seagal J, Melamed D. Contribution of alphabeta and gammadelta T cells to the generation of primary immunoglobulin G-driven autoimmune response in immunoglobulin- mu-deficient/lpr mice. Immunology 2004; 112:265-73. [PMID: 15147570 PMCID: PMC1782487 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01883.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Class switch recombination (CSR) is a T-cell-dependent mechanism regulating isotype switching in activated mature B cells. Recently we showed that T-cell-independent CSRs occur spontaneously during B lymphopoiesis, but such cells are negatively selected by Fas signalling. In immunoglobulin mu-deficient mice, lack of Fas rescues isotype-switched B cells, resulting in generation of an autoimmune primary immunoglobulin G (IgG) repertoire in muMT/lpr mice. In the present study, we studied the role of alphabeta and gammadelta T cells in regulating this primary gammaH-driven repertoire. We found that a lack of alphabeta T cells significantly inhibited IgG production and autoimmunity in muMT/lpr mice, whereas a lack of gammadelta T cells resulted in augmented IgG production and autoimmunity. Also, a lack of T cells in muMT mice rescued isotype-switched B cells and serum IgG, probably owing to the lack of available FasL. We suggest that although CSRs in B-cell lymphopoiesis are T-cell independent, alphabeta T cells are important in the expansion of isotype-switched B-cell precursors and in promoting gammaH-driven autoimmunity, whereas gammadelta T cells regulate these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Seagal
- Department of Immunology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Seagal J, Edry E, Naftali H, Melamed D. Generation and selection of an IgG-driven autoimmune repertoire during B-lymphopoiesis in Ig -deficient/lpr mice. Int Immunol 2004; 16:905-13. [PMID: 15148286 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxh092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Class switch recombination (CSR) is a well-regulated process that occurs in peripheral lymphoid tissue, and is thought of as an important factor constructing the memory repertoire. We have recently shown that CSR normally occurs during bone marrow (BM) development, and these isotype-switched B cells are negatively selected by Fas signaling. This novel pathway of B cell development may generate a primary repertoire driven by gamma-heavy receptors, the nature of which is yet unknown. To study this gammaH-driven repertoire we used mice lacking IgM-transmembrane tail exon ( micro MT), where B cell development is limited by their ability to undergo CSR. We already showed that lack of Fas signaling rescues development of a significant population of isotype-switched B cells and production of high titers of non-IgM serum antibodies in micro MT mice deficient in Fas ( micro MT/lpr), thereby providing a mouse model allowing the assessment of gammaH-driven repertoire. Using a tissue array and phage display epitope library we report here that IgG repertoire in micro MT/lpr mice is oligo-monoclonal, bearing self-tissue reactivity. This is supported by analysis of the Vkappa utilization in peripheral B cells from micro MT/lpr mice, which revealed a strikingly restricted repertoire. In contrast, micro MT/lpr B cells that are grown in non-selective BM cultures utilize a wide repertoire. These results suggest that the Fas pathway is an important regulator in the generation and selection of an autoimmune gammaH-driven repertoire in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Seagal
- Department of Immunology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Seagal J, Edry E, Keren Z, Leider N, Benny O, Machluf M, Melamed D. A fail-safe mechanism for negative selection of isotype-switched B cell precursors is regulated by the Fas/FasL pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 198:1609-19. [PMID: 14623914 PMCID: PMC2194123 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In B lymphocytes, immunoglobulin (Ig)M receptors drive development and construction of naive repertoire, whereas IgG receptors promote formation of the memory B cell compartment. This isotype switching process requires appropriate B cell activation and T cell help. In the absence of T cell help, activated B cells undergo Fas-mediated apoptosis, a peripheral mechanism contributing to the establishment of self-tolerance. Using Igμ-deficient μMT mouse model, where B cell development is blocked at pro-B stage, here we show an alternative developmental pathway used by isotype-switched B cell precursors. We find that isotype switching occurs normally in B cell precursors and is T independent. Ongoing isotype switching was found in both normal and μMT B cell development as reflected by detection of IgG1 germline and postswitch transcripts as well as activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression, resulting in the generation of IgG-expressing cells. These isotype-switched B cells are negatively selected by Fas pathway, as blocking the Fas/FasL interaction rescues the development of isotype-switched B cells in vivo and in vitro. Similar to memory B cells, isotype-switched B cells have a marginal zone phenotype. We suggest a novel developmental pathway used by isotype-switched B cell precursors that effectively circumvents peripheral tolerance requirements. This developmental pathway, however, is strictly controlled by Fas/FasL interaction to prevent B cell autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Seagal
- Department of Immunology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Seagal J, Leider N, Wildbaum G, Karin N, Melamed D. Increased plasma cell frequency and accumulation of abnormal syndecan-1plus T-cells in Igmu-deficient/lpr mice. Int Immunol 2003; 15:1045-52. [PMID: 12917256 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxg107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of muH chain is an important checkpoint in B cell development. In mice deficient for IgM transmembrane tail exons (muMT mice) B cell development is blocked at the pro-B stage. However, we showed that Fas-deficient muMT mice (muMT/lpr) develop a very small population of isotype-switched B cells and produce high titers of self-reactive serum antibodies. In addition, muMT/lpr mice develop severe lymphoproliferation and both pathologic processes occur at young ages. This may suggest that lack of Fas-Fas ligand signaling exacerbates murine lupus in B cell lymphopenic mice. To test this we analyzed antibody and plasma cell formation, and accumulation of abnormal T cells in muMT/lpr mice. Our results show that the muMT/lpr mouse is particularly permissive for the development and accumulation of antibody-producing cells, thereby explaining the high titers of serum antibodies in these mice. In addition, we found that accumulating cells in spleen and lymph nodes of muMT/lpr mice are alphabeta T cells expressing the abnormal B220+/CD3+ surface markers, a phenotype also described for other Fas-deficient mouse models. Strikingly, we found that accumulating cells in muMT/lpr mice express the membrane proteoglycan syndecan-1, a known plasma cell marker. Development of these cells is blocked in mice deficient for TCRbeta and TCRdelta. We also found that both antibody production and lymphoproliferation in muMT/lpr mice are Th1 regulated. Our results, therefore, suggest that in the muMT/lpr mouse model a small population of isotype-switched B cells is sufficient for the initiation and propagation of Th1-regulated murine lupus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Seagal
- Department of Immunology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Homeostasis in the B cell compartment (as well as in T cells) is controlled by tightly regulated selection events. Throughout their life span, B cells are subjected to selection signals determining not only developmental progression, but also maturation and survival. It is now clear that most of these signals require the expression of B cell antigen receptor (or preB receptor) with functional signaling capacity. The administration of numerous mutations into the mouse germline enabled us to identify several checkpoints along the B cell developmental pathway, and provided us with powerful experimental tools to probe for selection events regulating developmental progression. In here, we will discuss recent studies in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Seagal
- Department of Immunology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Seagal
- Department of Immunology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kraizer Y, Mawasi N, Seagal J, Paizi M, Assy N, Spira G. Vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin in liver regeneration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 287:209-15. [PMID: 11549276 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver architecture remodeling following partial hepatectomy (PHx) involves the formation of a complex network of liver sinusoids through which the blood flows. The present study examines the involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (ang-1) during liver regeneration. Following PHx, VEGF and ang-1 mRNA levels increase, followed by gradual return to baseline levels. RT-PCR analysis of VEGF mRNA reveals three isoforms, VEGF120, VEGF164 and VEGF188. Of the three, VEGF188 is the predominant isoform, VEGF120 being the less abundant. Although VEGF mRNA fluctuates following PHx, the relative expression of each isoform remains the same throughout the recovery process. The level of neuropilin-1, an accessory receptor of VEGF to main receptor corresponds with that of VEGF and ang-1. We have previously demonstrated the capacity of exogenous VEGF165 to stimulate liver cell proliferation following PHx. We now report similar effect using VEGF121, further demonstrating the benefit of manipulating growth factors where such an intervention is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kraizer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Solano L, Zoppi L, Barnaba L, Fabbrizi S, Zani R, Murgia F, Nicotra M, Pennebaker JW, Seagal J. Health consequences of differences in emotional processing and reactivity following the 1997 earthquake in Central Italy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/13548500120053373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
24
|
Abstract
HIV-1 envelope protein, gp120, is a major immunogenic protein of the AIDS virus. A specific feature of this protein is its interaction with the receptor protein, human CD4, an important component of the immune system. This interaction might affect the immunogenic properties of the gp 120 and modulate the immune response towards HIV. To test this hypothesis we used human CD4-transgenic mice for immunization with gp120. The dynamics of the immune response towards gp120, CD4 and other proteins was followed. The results show that the primary immune response to gp120 (two weeks) developed somewhat faster in CD4-transgenic mice versus non-transgenic mice. Both animals, however, ultimately mounted the same level of response over time. The primary immune response to gp120 when complexed with soluble CD4 before the immunization, developed similarly in both groups. The secondary immune response was earlier and markedly stronger in non-transgenic mice compared with the transgenic mice where a less efficient memory response to gp120 was observed. The ability of gp120 to directly interact with CD4+ helper lymphocytes appears to affect the humoral response towards this antigen. Moreover, these effects illustrate how viral modulation of these cells may in turn lead to potentially different states of immunological equilibrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Seagal
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|