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Tan Y, Mosallanejad K, Zhang Q, O’Brien S, Clements M, Perper S, Wilson S, Chaulagain S, Wang J, Abdalla M, Al-Saidi H, Butt D, Clabbers A, Ofori K, Dillon B, Harvey B, Memmott J, Negron C, Winarta D, Tan C, Biswas A, Dong F, Morales-Tirado V, Lu X, Singh G, White M, Ashley S, Knight H, Westmoreland S, Phillips L, Carr T, Reinke-Breen L, Singh R, Xu J, Wu K, Rinaldi L, Stoll B, He YD, Hazelwood L, Karman J, McCluskey A, Stine W, Correia I, Gauld S, Levesque MC, Veldman G, Hubeau C, Radstake T, Sadhukhan R, Fiebiger E. IL11-mediated stromal cell activation may not be the master regulator of pro-fibrotic signaling downstream of TGFβ. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1293883. [PMID: 38455057 PMCID: PMC10917968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1293883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and systemic scleroderma (SSc), are commonly associated with high morbidity and mortality, thereby representing a significant unmet medical need. Interleukin 11 (IL11)-mediated cell activation has been identified as a central mechanism for promoting fibrosis downstream of TGFβ. IL11 signaling has recently been reported to promote fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, thus leading to various pro-fibrotic phenotypic changes. We confirmed increased mRNA expression of IL11 and IL11Rα in fibrotic diseases by OMICs approaches and in situ hybridization. However, the vital role of IL11 as a driver for fibrosis was not recapitulated. While induction of IL11 secretion was observed downstream of TGFβ signaling in human lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells, the cellular responses induced by IL11 was quantitatively and qualitatively inferior to that of TGFβ at the transcriptional and translational levels. IL11 blocking antibodies inhibited IL11Rα-proximal STAT3 activation but failed to block TGFβ-induced profibrotic signals. In summary, our results challenge the concept of IL11 blockade as a strategy for providing transformative treatment for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Tan
- AbbVie Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Qingxiu Zhang
- AbbVie Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Stuart Perper
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Sarah Wilson
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | | | - Jing Wang
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Mary Abdalla
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | | | - Danyal Butt
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Anca Clabbers
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Kwasi Ofori
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Beth Dillon
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Bohdan Harvey
- AbbVie Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - John Memmott
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | | | - David Winarta
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Catherine Tan
- AbbVie Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Amlan Biswas
- AbbVie Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Feng Dong
- AbbVie Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Xiaoqing Lu
- AbbVie Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Gurminder Singh
- AbbVie Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Michael White
- AbbVie Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Lucy Phillips
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Tracy Carr
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Rajeeva Singh
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Jianwen Xu
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Kan Wu
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Lisa Rinaldi
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Brian Stoll
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | | | - Jozsef Karman
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | | | - William Stine
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Ivan Correia
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Cedric Hubeau
- AbbVie Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Edda Fiebiger
- AbbVie Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Acklin S, Du W, Sadhukhan R, Cholia R, Xia F. Nicotinamide Riboside Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy via SIRT2 Activation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.2107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Goenka R, Xu Z, Samayoa J, Banach D, Beam C, Bose S, Dooner G, Forsyth CM, Lu X, Medina L, Sadhukhan R, Sielaff B, Sousa S, Tao Q, Touw D, Wu F, Kingsbury GA, Akamatsu Y. CTLA4-Ig-Based Bifunctional Costimulation Inhibitor Blocks CD28 and ICOS Signaling to Prevent T Cell Priming and Effector Function. J Immunol 2021; 206:1102-1113. [PMID: 33495237 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CTLA4-Ig/abatacept dampens activation of naive T cells by blocking costimulation via CD28. It is an approved drug for rheumatoid arthritis but failed to deliver efficacy in a number of other autoimmune diseases. One explanation is that activated T cells rely less on CD28 signaling and use alternate coreceptors for effector function. ICOS is critical for activation of T-dependent humoral immune responses, which drives pathophysiology of IgG-mediated autoimmune diseases. In this study, we asked whether CD28 and ICOS play nonredundant roles for maintenance of T-dependent responses in mouse models. Using a hapten-protein immunization model, we show that during an ongoing germinal center response, combination treatment with CTLA4-Ig and ICOS ligand (ICOSL) blocking Ab completely dissolves ongoing germinal center responses, whereas single agents show only partial activity. Next, we took two approaches to engineer a therapeutic molecule that blocks both pathways. First, we engineered CTLA4-Ig to enhance binding to ICOSL while retaining affinity to CD80/CD86. Using a library approach, binding affinity of CTLA4-Ig to human ICOSL was increased significantly from undetectable to 15-42 nM; however, the affinity was still insufficient to completely block binding of ICOSL to ICOS. Second, we designed a bispecific costimulation inhibitor with high-affinity CTLA4 extracellular domains fused to anti-ICOSL Ab termed bifunctional costimulation inhibitor. With this bispecific approach, we achieved complete inhibition of CD80 and CD86 binding to CD28 as well as ICOS binding to ICOSL. Such bispecific molecules may provide greater therapeutic benefit in IgG-mediated inflammatory diseases compared with CTLA4-Ig alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhenghai Xu
- AbbVie Redwood City, Redwood City, CA 94306; and
| | | | | | | | - Sahana Bose
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01605
| | | | | | - Xiaoqing Lu
- AbbVie Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | | | | | | | - Qingfeng Tao
- AbbVie Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Debra Touw
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Fei Wu
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01605
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4
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Todorovic V, Zhou L, Kakavas S, Wang L, Sielaff B, Sadhukhan R, Richardson P, DiGiammarino E, Sun C, Scott V. 571 Quantitative ligand and receptor binding studies reveal IL-36 activation mode. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Argiriadi MA, Benatuil L, Dubrovska I, Egan DA, Gao L, Greischar A, Hardman J, Harlan J, Iyer RB, Judge RA, Lake M, Perron DC, Sadhukhan R, Sielaff B, Sousa S, Wang R, McRae BL. CD40/anti-CD40 antibody complexes which illustrate agonist and antagonist structural switches. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:29. [PMID: 31382872 PMCID: PMC6683420 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-019-0213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD40 is a 48 kDa type I transmembrane protein that is constitutively expressed on hematopoietic cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. Engagement of CD40 by CD40L expressed on T cells results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, induces T helper cell function, and promotes macrophage activation. The involvement of CD40 in chronic immune activation has resulted in CD40 being proposed as a therapeutic target for a range of chronic inflammatory diseases. CD40 antagonists are currently being explored for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and several anti-CD40 agonist mAbs have entered clinical development for oncological indications. Results To better understand the mode of action of anti-CD40 mAbs, we have determined the x-ray crystal structures of the ABBV-323 (anti-CD40 antagonist, ravagalimab) Fab alone, ABBV-323 Fab complexed to human CD40 and FAB516 (anti-CD40 agonist) complexed to human CD40. These three crystals structures 1) identify the conformational CD40 epitope for ABBV-323 recognition 2) illustrate conformational changes which occur in the CDRs of ABBV-323 Fab upon CD40 binding and 3) develop a structural hypothesis for an agonist/antagonist switch in the LCDR1 of this proprietary class of CD40 antibodies. Conclusions The structure of ABBV-323 Fab demonstrates a unique method for antagonism by stabilizing the proposed functional antiparallel dimer for CD40 receptor via novel contacts to LCDR1, namely residue position R32 which is further supported by a closely related agonist antibody FAB516 which shows only monomeric recognition and no contacts with LCDR1 due to a mutation to L32 on LCDR1. These data provide a structural basis for the full antagonist activity of ABBV-323. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12860-019-0213-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Argiriadi
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Lorenzo Benatuil
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | - David A Egan
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Lei Gao
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Amy Greischar
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Jennifer Hardman
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - John Harlan
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Ramesh B Iyer
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Russell A Judge
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Marc Lake
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Denise C Perron
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | - Bernhard Sielaff
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Silvino Sousa
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Bradford L McRae
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
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6
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Todorović V, Su Z, Putman CB, Kakavas SJ, Salte KM, McDonald HA, Wetter JB, Paulsboe SE, Sun Q, Gerstein CE, Medina L, Sielaff B, Sadhukhan R, Stockmann H, Richardson PL, Qiu W, Argiriadi MA, Henry RF, Herold JM, Shotwell JB, McGaraughty SP, Honore P, Gopalakrishnan SM, Sun CC, Scott VE. Small Molecule IL-36γ Antagonist as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Plaque Psoriasis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9089. [PMID: 31235749 PMCID: PMC6591177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45626-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-36 cytokines are pro-inflammatory members of the IL-1 family that are upregulated in inflammatory disorders. Specifically, IL-36γ is highly expressed in active psoriatic lesions and can drive pro-inflammatory processes in 3D human skin equivalents supporting a role for this target in skin inflammation. Small molecule antagonists of interleukins have been historically challenging to generate. Nevertheless, we performed a small molecule high-throughput screen to identify IL-36 antagonists using a novel TR-FRET binding assay. Several compounds, including 2-oxypyrimidine containing structural analogs of the marketed endothelin receptor A antagonist Ambrisentan, were identified as hits from the screen. A-552 was identified as a the most potent antagonist of human IL-36γ, but not the closely related family member IL-36α, was capable of attenuating IL-36γ induced responses in mouse and human disease models. Additionally, x-ray crystallography studies identified key amino acid residues in the binding pocket present in human IL-36γ that are absent in human IL-36α. A-552 represents a first-in-class small molecule antagonist of IL-36 signaling that could be used as a chemical tool to further investigate the role of this pathway in inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Todorović
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Zhi Su
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - C Brent Putman
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Stevan J Kakavas
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | | | - Heath A McDonald
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Joseph B Wetter
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | | | - Qi Sun
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Clare E Gerstein
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Limary Medina
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation St., Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Bernhard Sielaff
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation St., Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | | | | | - Wei Qiu
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Maria A Argiriadi
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation St., Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Rodger F Henry
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - J Martin Herold
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation St., Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - J Brad Shotwell
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | | | - Prisca Honore
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | | | - Chaohong C Sun
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Victoria E Scott
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
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7
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Su Z, Paulsboe S, Wetter J, Salte K, Kannan A, Mathew S, Horowitz A, Gerstein C, Namovic M, Todorović V, Seagal J, Edelmayer RM, Viner M, Rinaldi L, Zhou L, Leys L, Huang S, Wang L, Sadhukhan R, Honore P, McGaraughty S, Scott VE. IL-36 receptor antagonistic antibodies inhibit inflammatory responses in preclinical models of psoriasiform dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:113-120. [PMID: 30417427 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) results from activation of IL-23/Th17 immune pathway and is further amplified by cytokines/chemokines from skin cells. Among skin-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-36 family members are highly upregulated in PV patients and play a critical role in general pustular psoriasis. However, there is limited data showing crosstalk between the IL-23 and IL-36 pathways in PV. Herein, potential attenuation of skin inflammation in the IL-23-induced mouse model of psoriasiform dermatitis by functional inhibition of IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) was interrogated. Anti-mouse IL-36R monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated and validated in vitro by inhibiting IL-36α-induced secretion of CXCL1 from NIH 3T3 cells. Antibody target engagement was demonstrated by inhibition of CXCL1 production in a novel acute model of IL-36α systemic injection in mice. In addition, anti-IL-36R mAbs inhibited tissue inflammation and inflammatory gene expression in an IL-36α ear injection model of psoriasiform dermatitis demonstrating engagement of the target in the ear skin. To elucidate the possible role of IL-36 signalling in IL-23/Th17 pathway, the ability of anti-IL-36R mAbs to inhibit skin inflammation in an IL-23 ear injection model was assessed. Inhibiting the IL-36 pathway resulted in significant attenuation of skin thickening and psoriasis-relevant gene expression. Taken together, these data suggest a role for IL-36 signalling in the IL-23/Th17 signalling axis in PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Su
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Joseph Wetter
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Arun Kannan
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sheeba Mathew
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Amanda Horowitz
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Clare Gerstein
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marian Namovic
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Jane Seagal
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michelle Viner
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa Rinaldi
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Li Zhou
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Laura Leys
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Susan Huang
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Leyu Wang
- Abbvie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts
| | | | - Prisca Honore
- Dermatology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
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8
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Ding K, Eaton L, Bowley D, Rieser M, Chang Q, Harris MC, Clabbers A, Dong F, Shen J, Hackett SF, Touw DS, Bixby J, Zhong S, Benatuil L, Bose S, Grinnell C, Preston GM, Iyer R, Sadhukhan R, Marchie S, Overmeyer G, Ghayur T, van Riet DA, Tang S, Campochario PA, Gu J. Generation and characterization of ABBV642, a dual variable domain immunoglobulin molecule (DVD-Ig) that potently neutralizes VEGF and PDGF-BB and is designed for the treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration. MAbs 2017; 9:269-284. [PMID: 27929753 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1268305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of moderate and severe vision loss in developed countries. Intraocular injections of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF or VEGF-A)-neutralizing proteins provide substantial benefit, but frequent, long-term injections are needed. In addition, many patients experience initial visual gains that are ultimately lost due to subretinal fibrosis. Preclinical studies and early phase clinical trials suggest that combined suppression of VEGF and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) provides better outcomes than suppression of VEGF alone, due to more frequent regression of neovascularization (NV) and suppression of subretinal fibrosis. We generated a dual variable domain immunoglobulin molecule, ABBV642 that specifically and potently binds and neutralizes VEGF and PDGF-BB. ABBV642 has been optimized for treatment of exudative AMD based on the following design characteristics: 1) high affinity binding to all VEGF-A isoforms and both soluble and extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated PDGF-BB; 2) potential for extended residence time in the vitreous cavity to decrease the frequency of intraocular injections; 3) rapid clearance from systemic circulation compared with molecules with wild type Fc region for normal FcRn binding, which may reduce the risk of systemic complications; and 4) low risk of potential effector function. The bispecificity of ABBV642 allows for a single injection of a single therapeutic agent, and thus a more streamlined development and regulatory path compared with combination products. In a mouse model of exudative AMD, ABBV642 was observed to be more effective than aflibercept. ABBV642 has potential to improve efficacy with reduced injection frequency in patients with exudative AMD, thereby reducing the enormous disease burden for patients and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ding
- a John Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute , Baltimore , MD , USA.,b State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lucia Eaton
- c Immunology Discovery, AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Diana Bowley
- d Global Biologics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | | | - Qing Chang
- c Immunology Discovery, AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA.,d Global Biologics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Maria C Harris
- d Global Biologics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Anca Clabbers
- d Global Biologics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Feng Dong
- c Immunology Discovery, AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA.,d Global Biologics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Jikui Shen
- a John Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Sean F Hackett
- a John Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Debra S Touw
- d Global Biologics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Jacqueline Bixby
- d Global Biologics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Suju Zhong
- d Global Biologics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Lorenzo Benatuil
- d Global Biologics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Sahana Bose
- d Global Biologics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | | | | | - Ramesh Iyer
- d Global Biologics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | | | - Susan Marchie
- d Global Biologics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Gary Overmeyer
- d Global Biologics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Tariq Ghayur
- c Immunology Discovery, AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Deborah A van Riet
- c Immunology Discovery, AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Shibo Tang
- f Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | | | - Jijie Gu
- c Immunology Discovery, AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA.,d Global Biologics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
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9
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Zhou L, Todorovic V, Kakavas S, Sielaff B, Medina L, Wang L, Sadhukhan R, Stockmann H, Richardson PL, DiGiammarino E, Sun C, Scott V. Quantitative ligand and receptor binding studies reveal the mechanism of interleukin-36 (IL-36) pathway activation. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:403-411. [PMID: 29180446 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.805739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-36 cytokines signal through the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) and a shared subunit, IL-1RAcP (IL-1 receptor accessory protein). The activation mechanism for the IL-36 pathway is proposed to be similar to that of IL-1 in that an IL-36R agonist (IL-36α, IL-36β, or IL-36γ) forms a binary complex with IL-36R, which then recruits IL-1RAcP. Recent studies have shown that IL-36R interacts with IL-1RAcP even in the absence of an agonist. To elucidate the IL-36 activation mechanism, we considered all possible binding events for IL-36 ligands/receptors and examined these events in direct binding assays. Our results indicated that the agonists bind the IL-36R extracellular domain with micromolar affinity but do not detectably bind IL-1RAcP. Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), we found that IL-1RAcP also does not bind IL-36R when no agonist is present. In the presence of IL-36α, however, IL-1RAcP bound IL-36R strongly. These results suggested that the main pathway to the IL-36R·IL-36α·IL-1RAcP ternary complex is through the IL-36R·IL-36α binary complex, which recruits IL-1RAcP. We could not measure the binding affinity of IL-36R to IL-1RAcP directly, so we engineered a fragment crystallizable-linked construct to induce IL-36R·IL-1RAcP heterodimerization and predicted the binding affinity during a complete thermodynamic cycle to be 74 μm The SPR analysis also indicated that the IL-36R antagonist IL-36Ra binds IL-36R with higher affinity and a much slower off rate than the IL-36R agonists, shedding light on IL-36 pathway inhibition. Our results reveal the landscape of IL-36 ligand and receptor interactions, improving our understanding of IL-36 pathway activation and inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Illinois 01605 and
| | | | | | - Bernhard Sielaff
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Illinois 01605 and
| | - Limary Medina
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Illinois 01605 and
| | - Leyu Wang
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Illinois 01605 and
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10
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Stockmann H, Todorovic V, Richardson PL, Marin V, Scott V, Gerstein C, Lake M, Wang L, Sadhukhan R, Vasudevan A. Cell-Surface Receptor–Ligand Interaction Analysis with Homogeneous Time-Resolved FRET and Metabolic Glycan Engineering: Application to Transmembrane and GPI-Anchored Receptors. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16822-16829. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Stockmann
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Viktor Todorovic
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Paul L. Richardson
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Violeta Marin
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Victoria Scott
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Clare Gerstein
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Marc Lake
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Leyu Wang
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ramkrishna Sadhukhan
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Anil Vasudevan
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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11
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Saha S, Mandal B, Hazra G, Dey A, Chakraborty M, Adhikari B, Mukhopadhyay S, Sadhukhan R. Can agronomic biofortification of zinc be benign for iron in cereals? J Cereal Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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12
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Telem RS, Wani SH, Singh NB, Nandini R, Sadhukhan R, Bhattacharya S, Mandal N. Cisgenics - a sustainable approach for crop improvement. Curr Genomics 2014; 14:468-76. [PMID: 24396278 PMCID: PMC3867722 DOI: 10.2174/13892029113146660013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The implication of molecular biology in crop improvement is now more than three decades old. Not surprisingly, technology has moved on, and there are a number of new techniques that may or may not come under the genetically modified (GM) banner and, therefore, GM regulations. In cisgenic technology, cisgenes from crossable plants are used and it is a single procedure of gene introduction whereby the problem of linkage drag of other genes is overcome. The gene used in cisgenic approach is similar compared with classical breeding and cisgenic plant should be treated equally as classically bred plant and differently from transgenic plants. Therefore, it offers a sturdy reference to treat cisgenic plants similarly as classically bred plants, by exemption of cisgenesis from the current GMO legislations. This review covers the implications of cisgenesis towards the sustainable development in the genetic improvement of crops and considers the prospects for the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Telem
- Department of Genetics, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal-741252, India
| | - Shabir H Wani
- Department of Genetics, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal-741252, India
| | - N B Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, COA, CAU, Imphal, Manipur -795004, India
| | - R Nandini
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka -560065, India
| | - R Sadhukhan
- Department of Genetics, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal-741252, India
| | - S Bhattacharya
- Department of Genetics, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal-741252, India
| | - N Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, Instrumentation & Environmental Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal-741252, India
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13
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Bishayee K, Ghosh S, Mukherjee A, Sadhukhan R, Mondal J, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Quercetin induces cytochrome-c release and ROS accumulation to promote apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle in G2/M, in cervical carcinoma: signal cascade and drug-DNA interaction. Cell Prolif 2013; 46:153-63. [PMID: 23510470 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Small aromatic compounds like flavonoids can intercalate with DNA molecules bringing about conformational changes leading to reduced replication and transcription. Here, we have examined one dietary flavonoid, quercetin (found in many fruit and vegetables), for possible anti-cancer effects, on HeLa cells originally derived from a case of human cervical cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS By circular dichroism spectroscopy we tested whether quercetin effectively interacted with DNA to bring about conformational changes that would strongly inhibit proliferation and migration of the HeLa cells. Cytotoxic effects of quercetin on cancer/normal cells, if any, were determined by MTT assay and such depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, as a consequence of quercetin treatment, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) also were studied, by FACS analysis and expression profiles of different anti- and pro-apoptotic genes and their products were determined. RESULTS Quercetin intercalated with calf thymus cell DNA and HeLa cell DNA and inhibition of anti-apoptotic AKT and Bcl-2 expression were observed. Levels of mitochondrial cytochrome-c were elevated and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential occurred with increase of ROS; upregulation of expression of p53 and caspase-3 activity were also noted. These alterations in signalling proteins and externalization of phosphotidyl serine residues were involved with initiation of apoptosis. Reduced AKT expression suggested reduction in cell proliferation and metastasis potential, with arrest of the cell cycle at G2/M. CONCLUSION Quercetin would have potential for use in cervical cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bishayee
- Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
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14
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Argiriadi MA, Goedken ER, Banach D, Borhani DW, Burchat A, Dixon RW, Marcotte D, Overmeyer G, Pivorunas V, Sadhukhan R, Sousa S, Moore NSJ, Tomlinson M, Voss J, Wang L, Wishart N, Woller K, Talanian RV. Enabling structure-based drug design of Tyk2 through co-crystallization with a stabilizing aminoindazole inhibitor. BMC Struct Biol 2012; 12:22. [PMID: 22995073 PMCID: PMC3478977 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6807-12-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Structure-based drug design (SBDD) can accelerate inhibitor lead design and optimization, and efficient methods including protein purification, characterization, crystallization, and high-resolution diffraction are all needed for rapid, iterative structure determination. Janus kinases are important targets that are amenable to structure-based drug design. Here we present the first mouse Tyk2 crystal structures, which are complexed to 3-aminoindazole compounds. Results A comprehensive construct design effort included N- and C-terminal variations, kinase-inactive mutations, and multiple species orthologs. High-throughput cloning and expression methods were coupled with an abbreviated purification protocol to optimize protein solubility and stability. In total, 50 Tyk2 constructs were generated. Many displayed poor expression, inadequate solubility, or incomplete affinity tag processing. One kinase-inactive murine Tyk2 construct, complexed with an ATP-competitive 3-aminoindazole inhibitor, provided crystals that diffracted to 2.5–2.6 Å resolution. This structure revealed initial “hot-spot” regions for SBDD, and provided a robust platform for ligand soaking experiments. Compared to previously reported human Tyk2 inhibitor crystal structures (Chrencik et al. (2010) J Mol Biol 400:413), our structures revealed a key difference in the glycine-rich loop conformation that is induced by the inhibitor. Ligand binding also conferred resistance to proteolytic degradation by thermolysin. As crystals could not be obtained with the unliganded enzyme, this enhanced stability is likely important for successful crystallization and inhibitor soaking methods. Conclusions Practical criteria for construct performance and prioritization, the optimization of purification protocols to enhance protein yields and stability, and use of high-throughput construct exploration enable structure determination methods early in the drug discovery process. Additionally, specific ligands stabilize Tyk2 protein and may thereby enable crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Argiriadi
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA, USA.
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15
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Argiriadi MA, Ericsson AM, Harris CM, Banach DL, Borhani DW, Calderwood DJ, Demers MD, Dimauro J, Dixon RW, Hardman J, Kwak S, Li B, Mankovich JA, Marcotte D, Mullen KD, Ni B, Pietras M, Sadhukhan R, Sousa S, Tomlinson MJ, Wang L, Xiang T, Talanian RV. 2,4-Diaminopyrimidine MK2 inhibitors. Part I: Observation of an unexpected inhibitor binding mode. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 20:330-3. [PMID: 19919896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MK2 is a Ser/Thr kinase of significant interest as an anti-inflammatory drug discovery target. Here we describe the development of in vitro tools for the identification and characterization of MK2 inhibitors, including validation of inhibitor interactions with the crystallography construct and determination of the unique binding mode of 2,4-diaminopyrimidine inhibitors in the MK2 active site. Use of these tools in the optimization of a potent and selective inhibitor lead series is described in the accompanying Letter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Argiriadi
- Abbott Laboratories, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605-5314, USA
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16
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Argiriadi MA, Sousa S, Banach D, Marcotte D, Xiang T, Tomlinson MJ, Demers M, Harris C, Kwak S, Hardman J, Pietras M, Quinn L, DiMauro J, Ni B, Mankovich J, Borhani DW, Talanian RV, Sadhukhan R. Rational mutagenesis to support structure-based drug design: MAPKAP kinase 2 as a case study. BMC Struct Biol 2009; 9:16. [PMID: 19296855 PMCID: PMC2678131 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6807-9-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structure-based drug design (SBDD) can provide valuable guidance to drug discovery programs. Robust construct design and expression, protein purification and characterization, protein crystallization, and high-resolution diffraction are all needed for rapid, iterative inhibitor design. We describe here robust methods to support SBDD on an oral anti-cytokine drug target, human MAPKAP kinase 2 (MK2). Our goal was to obtain useful diffraction data with a large number of chemically diverse lead compounds. Although MK2 structures and structural methods have been reported previously, reproducibility was low and improved methods were needed. RESULTS Our construct design strategy had four tactics: N- and C-terminal variations; entropy-reducing surface mutations; activation loop deletions; and pseudoactivation mutations. Generic, high-throughput methods for cloning and expression were coupled with automated liquid dispensing for the rapid testing of crystallization conditions with minimal sample requirements. Initial results led to development of a novel, customized robotic crystallization screen that yielded MK2/inhibitor complex crystals under many conditions in seven crystal forms. In all, 44 MK2 constructs were generated, ~500 crystals were tested for diffraction, and ~30 structures were determined, delivering high-impact structural data to support our MK2 drug design effort. CONCLUSION Key lessons included setting reasonable criteria for construct performance and prioritization, a willingness to design and use customized crystallization screens, and, crucially, initiation of high-throughput construct exploration very early in the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Argiriadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Silvino Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA
| | - David Banach
- Department of Biochemistry, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Douglas Marcotte
- Department of Biochemistry, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA,Present address : Department of Physical Biochemistry, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Tao Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA,Present address : Department of Process Sciences, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Medha J Tomlinson
- Department of Biochemistry, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Megan Demers
- Department of Biochemistry, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA,Present address : 119 North Swain Street, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
| | - Christopher Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Silvia Kwak
- Department of Biochemistry, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Jennifer Hardman
- Department of Biochemistry, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Margaret Pietras
- Department of Biochemistry, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Lisa Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA,Present address : Protein Sciences Department, Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Jennifer DiMauro
- Department of Biochemistry, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA,Present address : Department of Process Sciences, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Baofu Ni
- Department of Biochemistry, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA
| | - John Mankovich
- Department of Biochemistry, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA,Present address : Department of Biologics, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA
| | - David W Borhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA,Present address : D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY USA
| | - Robert V Talanian
- Department of Biochemistry, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Ramkrishna Sadhukhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Abbott Laboratories, Worcester, MA USA
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17
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Miller R, Sadhukhan R, Wu C. Development of an in vitro potency bioassay for therapeutic IL-13 antagonists: the A-549 cell bioassay. J Immunol Methods 2008; 334:134-41. [PMID: 18355834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 13 is a key cytokine that mediates airway hyper-responsiveness and mucus over-production, and several anti-IL-13 therapeutic antibodies are currently in clinical development for the treatment of asthma. Conventional cell-based bioassays for evaluating neutralization potencies of IL-13 antagonists are semi-quantitative or with a low sensitivity. Here, we report the development of a highly sensitive bioassay to assess the potency of IL-13 antagonists using human lung epithelial A-549 cells that produce thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) in response to IL-13 stimulation. The A-549 cells were responsive to both wild type and a variant form of recombinant human IL-13 in a concentration-dependent manner, with a 16 to 24 h exposure time found to be within the linear portion of the bioassay response range. The Effective Concentration at 50% of the maximal response (ED50) of IL-13 determined for the assay was 1-5 ng/mL. With this level of IL-13, an anti-IL-13 antibody B-B13 yielded an approximate median Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) value of 0.2 nM. Bioassay optimization was performed to achieve best assay condition and sensitivity. Additionally, IL-13 antagonist potency against natural human IL-13 was also investigated in the A-549 cell bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Miller
- Department of Biologics, Abbott Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
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18
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Sadhukhan R, Leone JW, Lull J, Wang Z, Kletzien RF, Heinrikson RL, Tomasselli AG. An efficient method to express and refold a truncated human procaspase-9: A caspase with activity toward Glu-X bonds. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 46:299-308. [PMID: 16256367 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2005.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2005] [Revised: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 09/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A truncated form of human procaspase-9 missing the first 111 amino acids, and a variety of mutants derived therefrom, have been expressed in Escherichia coli inclusion bodies. Upon refolding to active enzymes, Delta(1-111) procaspase-9 and mutants were recovered at purity greater than 95% and with a final yield of 20-35 mg/L cell culture. Our active procaspase-9 retains its pro-segment, while undergoing major auto processing at Asp315 and a minor (20%) cleavage at Glu306. This unusual cleavage at a Glu-X bond also took place in the D315E mutant, and we describe herein the inhibitor Z-VAE-fmk that shows enhanced inactivation of procaspase-9 over caspases-3. The bond at Asp330, not processed by procaspase-9, is cleaved by caspase-3 and the resulting procaspase-9 variant, missing the 316-330 bridge, is six times as active as the non-mutated Delta(1-111) proenzyme. A deletion mutant lacking residues 316-330 underwent auto activation by cleavage at Asp315-Ala331 bond. Moreover, substitution of Glu306 by an Asp residue in this mutant led to rapid removal of the peptide spanning Ser307 to Asp330, and resulted in an enzyme that was 7.6 times as active as the non-mutated Delta(1-111) procaspase-9. Finally, replacing both Asp315 and Glu306 with Ala generated a procaspase-9 mutant incapable of auto processing. This single chain procaspase-9 was fully as active as the non-mutated Delta(1-111) enzyme processed at Asp315 or Glu306. Our demonstration that unprocessed procaspase-9 mutants are active as proteases with caspase-type specificity suggests that the role of procaspase-9 in cascade activation of executioner caspases might, in some circumstances, be carried out alone and without association of the apoptosome.
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19
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Santhamma KR, Sadhukhan R, Kinter M, Chattopadhyay S, McCue B, Sen I. Role of Tyrosine Phosphorylation in the Regulation of Cleavage Secretion of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:40227-36. [PMID: 15252021 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m407176200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Both germinal (gACE) and somatic (sACE) isozymes of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) are type I ectoproteins whose enzymatically active ectodomains are cleaved and shed by a membrane-bound protease. Here, we report a role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in regulating this process. Strong enhancements of ACE cleavage secretion was observed upon enhancing protein Tyr phosphorylation by treating gACE- or sACE-expressing cells with pervanadate, an inhibitor of protein Tyr phosphatases. Secreted gACE, cell-bound mature gACE and its precursors were all Tyr-phosphorylated, as was the endoplasmic reticulum protein, immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein, that co-immunoprecipitated with ACE. The enhancement of cleavage secretion by pervanadate did not require the presence of the cytoplasmic domain of ACE, and it was not accomplished by enhancing the rate of intracellular processing of the protein. The observed enhancement of cleavage secretion of ACE in pervanadate-treated cells was specifically blocked by an inhibitor of the p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase but not by inhibitors of many other Ser/Thr and Tyr protein kinases, including a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C that, however, could block the enhancement of cleavage secretion elicited by phorbol ester. These results indicate that ACE Tyr phosphorylation, probably in the endoplasmic reticulum, enhances the rate of its cleavage secretion at the plasma membrane using a regulatory pathway that may involve p38 MAP kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizhakkekara R Santhamma
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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20
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Sadhukhan R, Santhamma KR, Reddy P, Peschon JJ, Black RA, Sen I. Unaltered cleavage and secretion of angiotensin-converting enzyme in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme-deficient mice. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:10511-6. [PMID: 10187843 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.15.10511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is one of several biologically important ectoproteins that exist in both membrane-bound and soluble forms as a result of a post-translational proteolytic cleavage. It has been suggested that a common proteolytic system is responsible for the cleavage of a diverse group of membrane ectoproteins, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE), a recently purified disintegrin-metalloprotease, has been implicated in the proteolytic cleavage of several cell surface proteins. Mice devoid of TACE have been developed by gene targeting. Such mice could provide a useful system to determine if TACE is responsible for the cleavage of other ectoproteins. Cultured fibroblasts without TACE activity, when transfected with cDNA encoding for the testicular isozyme of ACE (ACET), synthesized and secreted ACET normally after a proteolytic cleavage near the C terminus. In addition, similar quantities of the soluble, C-terminally truncated somatic isozyme of ACE (ACEP) were present in the serum of wild-type and TACE-deficient mice. These results demonstrate that TACE is not essential in the generation of soluble ACE under physiological conditions. Finally, we also report solubilization of ACE-secretase, the enzyme that cleaves ACE, from mouse ACE89 cells and from rabbit lung. We demonstrate that soluble ACE-secretase from both sources failed to cleave its substrate in solution, suggesting a requirement for anchoring to the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sadhukhan
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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21
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Sadhukhan R, Sen GC, Ramchandran R, Sen I. The distal ectodomain of angiotensin-converting enzyme regulates its cleavage-secretion from the cell surface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:138-43. [PMID: 9419342 PMCID: PMC18152 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.1.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a type I ectoprotein that is cleaved off the cell surface by a plasma membrane-bound metalloprotease. However, CD4, another type I ectoprotein does not undergo such cleavage-secretion. In this study, we investigated the structural determinants of the ACE protein that regulate the cleavage-secretion process. Substitution and deletion mutations revealed that the cytoplasmic domain, the transmembrane domain, and the juxtamembrane region encompassing the major and the minor cleavage sites of ACE do not regulate its cleavage. Moreover, a chimeric protein containing the distal extracellular domain of CD4 and the juxtamembrane, transmembrane, and the cytoplasmic domains of ACE, although transported to the cell surface, was not cleavage-secreted. In contrast, the distal extracellular domain of ACE was shown to be the important determinant: a protein containing the distal extracellular domain of ACE and the juxtamembrane, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domain of CD4 was efficiently cleaved off the cell surface. The chimeric protein was cleaved within the CD4 sequence and the responsible enzymatic activity was inhibited by Compound 3, a relatively specific inhibitor of the ACE secretase activity. These results demonstrate that, in a chimeric protein, the distal extracellular domain of a cleavable protein, such as ACE, can induce a proteolytic cleavage within the juxtamembrane domain of an uncleaved protein such as CD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sadhukhan
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Abstract
Many biologically important ectoproteins that are anchored in the plasma membrane via a hydrophobic domain undergo a proteolytic cleavage process, which releases the ectodomain to the extracellular milieu in a regulated fashion. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is one such protein that is secreted from human and mouse cells by its cleavage at one of two alternative sites in the ectodomain. Here, we report similar cleavage-secretion of ACE in the yeast Pichia pastoris. The cleavage site used in yeasts was identical to one of the two sites used in mouse cells. Moreover, as in mammalian cells, ACE secretion in yeast was inhibited by compound 3, a potent inhibitor of the metzincin family of metalloproteases. ACE proteins cleavage-secreted from yeast and from mammalian cells had identical enzymatic properties. These results demonstrate the existence of a secretase activity in yeast whose properties closely resemble those of the mammalian ACE secretase.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sadhukhan
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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23
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Sadhukhan R, Sen I. Different glycosylation requirements for the synthesis of enzymatically active angiotensin-converting enzyme in mammalian cells and yeast. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:6429-34. [PMID: 8626443 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.11.6429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
For facilitating crystallization and structural studies of the testicular isozyme of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE,), we attempted the production of enzymatically active ACET proteins which are unglycosylated or underglycosylated. Expression in Escherichia coli of the rabbit ACET cDNA resulted in the synthesis of an unglycosylated but inactive protein. Similarly, unglycosylated ACET synthesized in HeLa cells, by using a cDNA in which all five potential N-glycosylation sites had been mutated, was inactive and rapidly degraded. Several ACET variants carrying mutations in one or more of the potential N-glycosylation sites were used to examine the role of glycosylation at specific sites on ACET synthesis, transport to the cell surface, cleavage processing, and enzyme activity. These experiments demonstrated that allowing glycosylation only at the first or the second site, as counted from the NH2 terminus, was sufficient for normal synthesis and processing of active ACET. In contrast, ACETg3, which had only the third glycosylation site available, was unglycosylated, enzymatically inactive and rapidly degraded. N-Glycosylated ACET could also be produced in yeast. Surprisingly, the mutant ACETg3 was synthesized, N-glycosylated, and properly transported in yeast. Wild type and mutant ACE proteins were cleavage-secreted from yeast and enzymatically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sadhukhan
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA
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Manna S, Sinha A, Sadhukhan R, Chakrabarty SL. Purification, characterization and antitumor activity of L-asparaginase isolated from Pseudomonas stutzeri MB-405. Curr Microbiol 1995; 30:291-8. [PMID: 7766157 DOI: 10.1007/bf00295504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An L-asparaginase produced by Pseudomonas stutzeri MB-405 was isolated and characterized. After initial ammonium sulfate fractionation, the enzyme was purified by consecutive column chromatography on Sephadex G-100, Ca-hydroxylapatite, and DEAE-Sephadex A-50. The 665.5-fold purified enzyme thus obtained has the specific activity of 732.3 units mg protein-1 with an overall recovery of 27.2%. The apparent M(r) of the enzyme under nondenaturing and denaturing conditions was 34 kDa and 33 kDa respectively, and the isoelectric point was 6.38 +/- 0.02. It displayed optimum activity at pH 9.0 and 37 degrees C. The enzyme was very specific for L-asparagine and did not hydrolyze L-glutaminate. The Km of the L-asparaginase was found to be 1.45 x 10(-4) M towards L-asparagine and was competitively inhibited by 5-diazo-4-oxo-L- norvaline (DONV) with a Ki of 0.03 mM. Metal ions such as Mn2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, Fe3+, Ni2+, and Cd2+ potentially inhibited the enzyme activity. The activity was enhanced in the presence of thiol-protecting reagents such as DTT, 2-ME, and glutathione (reduced), but inhibited by PCMB and iodoacetamide. The tumor inhibition study with Dalton's lymphoma tumor cells in vivo indicated that this enzyme possesses antitumor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manna
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Calcutta, India
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Sadhukhan R, Roy SK, Raha SK, Manna S, Chakrabarty SL. Induction and regulation of alpha-amylase synthesis in a cellulolytic thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila D14 (ATCC 48104). Indian J Exp Biol 1992; 30:482-6. [PMID: 1506028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The alpha-amylase enzyme synthesis was higher when M. thermophila D-14 (ATCC 48104) was grown in culture medium incorporated with starch or other carbohydrates containing maltose units. Maximum enzyme production was attained with 1% starch followed by a gradual decrease with increasing concentration. Marked decrease in alpha-amylase synthesis occurred with the addition of glucose to the culture medium and this decreasing activity was proportional to the concentration of glucose. The enzyme synthesis was resumed as soon as the glucose concentration fell below a critical level. The addition of cAMP did not eliminate the repressive activity of glucose. The findings suggest that extracellular alpha-amylase synthesis in M. thermophila D-14 was inducible and subject to catabolite repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sadhukhan
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Calcutta, India
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