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Prabhakaran S, Bhatt C, Serpell JW, Grodski S, Lee JC. Surgical challenges of giant parathyroid adenomas weighing 10 g or more. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 46:1169-1176. [PMID: 36564598 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01968-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An average parathyroid adenoma (PA) weighs < 1 g. This study aimed to characterise giant PAs ≥ 10 g (GPAs) to facilitate surgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). METHODS All patients with a GPA confirmed on histology were recruited from the Monash University Endocrine Surgery Unit database. Clinical and demographic data were collected and compared to a group of non-GPA patients. RESULTS A total of 14 GPAs were identified between 2007 and 2018 out of 863 patients (1.6%) with a single PA excised for PHPT. The GPA patients were compared to a control group of 849 non-GPA patients in the same period with similar mean age (62 ± 16 vs 63 ± 14, P = 0.66) and gender distribution (64% vs 75% female, P = 0.35). Pre-operative calcium (Ca) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were significantly higher in GPA patients (P < 0.001). A higher percentage of GPA patients (79%) had concordant localisation studies (ultrasound and sestamibi) than control patients (59%), (P = 0.13), but they were significantly less likely to undergo MIP (55% vs 82%, P = 0.02). The median GPA weighed 12.5 g (IQR 10.5-24.3). Median serum Ca normalised by day 1 post-operatively, while PTH remained elevated. Both serum Ca and PTH levels were in the normal range at 3 months. All GPA lesions were benign on histopathology. CONCLUSION GPAs are rare and display severe clinical and biochemical abnormalities. Despite their large size, concordant pre-operative imaging was not always achieved, and a few patients were suitable for MIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prabhakaran
- Monash University Endocrine Surgery Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - C Bhatt
- Monash University Endocrine Surgery Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences of Monash Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - J W Serpell
- Monash University Endocrine Surgery Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Department of Surgery, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Grodski
- Monash University Endocrine Surgery Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Department of Surgery, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - J C Lee
- Monash University Endocrine Surgery Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Department of Surgery, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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Branch KR, Gatewood MO, Kudenchuk P, Lee JC, Strote J, Petek BJ, De Boer I, Carlbom D, Shuman WP, Counts CR, Sayre MR, Gunn M. P6155Early computed tomographic evaluation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors: the CT-FIRST trial. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients surviving an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) commonly present without an obvious etiology, but computed tomography (CT) can provide rapid, comprehensive anatomic evaluation of potential OHCA causes.
Purpose
To assess the diagnostic capabilities of whole body CT imaging in OHCA survivors.
Methods
From 11/2015 to 2/2018, the CT-FIRST (CT Feasibility In Resuscitated patient for Sudden death Triage) protocol enrolled 104 OHCA survivors without obvious OHCA cause to an early (<6 hours from hospital arrival) dual source Sudden Death CT (SDCT) scan protocol that included a non-contrast head, ECG-gated cardiac/thoracic angiography, and non-gated venous phase abdominal CT's. Cardiac CT analysis was blinded, but other SDCT findings were clinically available. Patients needing urgent cardiac catheterization or hemodynamically unable to tolerate CT were excluded. Primary endpoints were SDCT diagnosis compared to OHCA causes from adjudicated record review, and any significantly altered therapy based on SDCT. Acute coronary syndrome by SDCT was conservatively assumed if >50% stenosis was identified in major coronary artery(ies).
Results
SDCT scans identified 39% (41/104) of all OHCA causes and 95% (41/43) of causes potentially identifiable with SDCT (Table). No inappropriate treatments resulted from SDCT findings. SDCT changed or expedited treatments in 21/23 (95%) patients, including antibiotics, anticoagulants, and invasive evaluations or treatments. SDCT found or confirmed resuscitation complications including liver/spleen laceration (n=5), pneumothorax (n=7), and hemopericardium (n=1).
N=104 OHCA Cause SDCT Diagnosis of OHCA Cause N (%) N (%) Acute coronary syndrome 13 (13%) 13 (100%) Cardiomyopathy 8 (8%) 7 (88%) Pneumonia 11 (11%) 11 (100%) Hemorrhagic stroke 3 (3%) 3 (100%) Pulmonary embolism 4 (3%) 4 (100%) Perforated viscus 2 (2%) 2 (100%) Gut necrosis 1 (1%) 1 (100%) Pulmonary hemorrhage 1 (1%) 1 (100%) Substance use 22 (21%) 0 (0%) Unknown 7 (7%) 0 (0%) Other 32 (31%) 0 (0%)
Conclusion
This pilot study suggests the SDCT protocol has considerable promise to diagnose OHCA causes and complications of resuscitation, as well as change clinical treatment.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Medic One Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Branch
- University of Washington, Cardiology, Seattle, United States of America
| | - M O Gatewood
- University of Washington, Emergency Medicine, Seattle, United States of America
| | - P Kudenchuk
- University of Washington, Cardiology, Seattle, United States of America
| | - J C Lee
- Henry Ford Hospital, Cardiology, Detroit, United States of America
| | - J Strote
- University of Washington, Emergency Medicine, Seattle, United States of America
| | - B J Petek
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Internal Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - I De Boer
- University of Washington, Cardiology, Seattle, United States of America
| | - D Carlbom
- University of Washington, Cardiology, Seattle, United States of America
| | - W P Shuman
- University of Washington, Radiology, Seattle, United States of America
| | - C R Counts
- Harborview Medical Center, Medic One, Seattle, United States of America
| | - M R Sayre
- Harborview Medical Center, Medic One, Seattle, United States of America
| | - M Gunn
- Harborview Medical Center, Radiology, Seattle, United States of America
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Lee JC. Beyond disease susceptibility-Leveraging genome-wide association studies for new insights into complex disease biology. HLA 2018; 90:329-334. [PMID: 29106067 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies in complex diseases have been highly successful, but have also been largely one-dimensional: predominantly focusing on the genetic contribution to disease susceptibility. While this is undoubtedly important-indeed it is a pre-requisite for understanding the mechanisms underlying disease development-there are many other important aspects of disease biology that have received comparatively little attention. In this review, I will discuss how existing genetic data can be leveraged to provide new insights into other aspects of disease biology, why such insights could change the way we think about complex disease, and how this could provide opportunities for better therapies and/or facilitate personalised medicine. To do this, I will use the example of Crohn's disease-a chronic form of inflammatory bowel disease that has been one of the main success stories in complex disease genetics. Indeed, thanks to genetic studies, we now have a much more detailed understanding of the processes involved in Crohn's disease development, but still know relatively little about what determines the subsequent disease course (prognosis) and why this differs so considerably between individuals. I will discuss how we came to realise that genetic variation plays an important role in determining disease prognosis and how this has changed the way we think about Crohn's disease genetics. This will illustrate how phenotypic data can be used to leverage new insights from genetic data and will provide a broadly applicable framework that could yield new insights into the biology of multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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Choi SW, Nam KW, Chung J, Lee JC, Hwang CM, Won YS, Sun K, Min BG. Development of a New Pulsatile Extracorporeal Life Support Device Incorporating a Dual Pulsatile Blood Pump. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 29:583-90. [PMID: 16841287 DOI: 10.1177/039139880602900607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new pulsatile extracorporeal life support device (ECLS) has been developed, designed to sustain pulsatile blood flow during emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitations and cardiopulmonary operations. This device features two identical pulsatile pumps that operate alternately and can therefore provide blood inflow in a more uniform manner than similar systems featuring a single-pump configuration. In order to confirm the presumed benefits of this newly-developed dual pulsatile pump configuration, we have conducted a series of in vitro experiments designed to compare the properties of the new system with a single pump system, specifically with regard to pump delivery rate and active filling efficiency. Our results reveal that the dual pump configuration can, indeed, deliver a higher flow than can the single-pump system, and exhibits an active filling efficiency superior to that of the single-pump configuration. We performed a series of animal experiments to measure the pulsatility of the dual-pump configuration in terms of equivalent energy pressure (EEP). In order to measure EEP, we measured femoral arterial pressure and pump outflow. The results of our animal experiments revealed that the newly-developed pulstile ECLS exhibits sufficient pulsatility in terms of the EEP considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Jongro-gu, Seoul - Korea
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Pauling M, Lee JC, Serpell JW, Wilson S. Severe hyperkalaemia complicating parathyroidectomy in patients with end-stage renal disease. Anaesth Intensive Care 2017; 45:365-368. [PMID: 28486895 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1704500312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the incidence of perioperative hyperkalaemia in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing parathyroidectomy and investigated possible contributors to this phenomenon. This was a retrospective cohort study looking at patients who had undergone parathyroidectomy for chronic kidney disease-associated mineral bone disease (CKD-MBD) at The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, since 2001. Baseline demographics including age, gender, aetiology of renal failure and mode of renal replacement therapy as well as anaesthetic technique and duration of surgery were studied as possible contributors. Perioperative potassium values were compared to preoperative baseline. Following stratification into normokalaemic and hyperkalaemic groups, demographic and operative data were compared. Twenty-two patients met the inclusion criteria with a median (interquartile range, IQR) age of 48.5 (42-59) years. There was a male predominance of 68%. The median (IQR) surgical time was 131 (115-164) minutes. Potassium levels rose perioperatively, with a 27.3% incidence of perioperative hyperkalaemia. Median duration of surgery was longer in the hyperkalaemic patients (167 minutes versus 125 minutes). Following the withdrawal of cinacalcet, parathyroidectomy is increasingly required in ESRD patients with CKD-MBD. Potentially life-threatening hyperkalaemia poses a significant risk in the perioperative period. Serial electrolyte monitoring is crucial to safety in this patient group. A multidisciplinary approach to perioperative management is required to ensure optimal timing of renal replacement therapy and appropriate means of serial blood sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pauling
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - J C Lee
- Consultant, Monash University Endocrine Surgery Unit, The Alfred Hospital and Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - J W Serpell
- Consultant, Monash University Endocrine Surgery Unit, The Alfred Hospital and Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - S Wilson
- Consultant, Department of Renal Medicine, The Alfred Hospital and Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria
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Kim MS, Byun JS, Yoon YS, Yum DY, Chung MJ, Lee JC. A probiotic combination attenuates experimental colitis through inhibition of innate cytokine production. Benef Microbes 2016; 8:231-241. [PMID: 28008786 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a severe immune cell-mediated syndrome characterised by extensive inflammatory and effector mucosal responses leading to tissue destruction in the colon and small intestine. The leading hypothesis is that dysbiosis of the gut flora causes an excessive immune response and inflammation in the gastrointestinal track. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can correct dysbiosis of the normal microbiota. In the current study, the therapeutic potential of seven LAB strains in combination to treat IBD was evaluated using experimental colitis model. This LAB cocktail, designated GI7, includes four strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactococcus lactis, two strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, and one strain of Streptococcus thermophilus. We confirmed that GI7 suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines in Raw264.7 macrophages. When dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitic mice were treated with GI7, their symptoms of colitis, as assessed by body weight, colon length, myeloperoxidase activity, intestinal bleeding, and histological damage, were reduced compared to untreated mice. In addition, GI7 treatment significantly inhibited the production of innate pro-inflammatory cytokines during colitic progression. Therefore, we suggest that GI7, a combination of seven LAB, has a potential role in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kim
- 1 R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co. Ltd., 134 Gaegok-Ri, Wolgot-Myeon Gimpo-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 10003, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Byun
- 1 R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co. Ltd., 134 Gaegok-Ri, Wolgot-Myeon Gimpo-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 10003, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Yoon
- 1 R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co. Ltd., 134 Gaegok-Ri, Wolgot-Myeon Gimpo-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 10003, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Yum
- 1 R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co. Ltd., 134 Gaegok-Ri, Wolgot-Myeon Gimpo-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 10003, Republic of Korea
| | - M J Chung
- 1 R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co. Ltd., 134 Gaegok-Ri, Wolgot-Myeon Gimpo-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 10003, Republic of Korea
| | - J C Lee
- 1 R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co. Ltd., 134 Gaegok-Ri, Wolgot-Myeon Gimpo-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 10003, Republic of Korea
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Zheng J, Hewage SRKM, Piao MJ, Kang KA, Han X, Kang HK, Yoo ES, Koh YS, Lee NH, Ko CS, Lee JC, Ko MH, Hyuna JW. Photoprotective Effect of Carpomitra costata Extract against Ultraviolet B-Induced Oxidative Damage in Human Keratinocytes. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2016; 35:11-28. [PMID: 27279581 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2016014003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural marine products show various biological properties such as antiphotoaging, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammation. This study evaluated the protective effects of the brown alga Carpomitra costata (Stackhouse) Batters (Sporochnaceae) against ultraviolet B (UVB)-provoked damage in human HaCaT keratinocytes. C. costata extract (CCE) effectively reduced superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and UVB-stimulated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. CCE also restored the expression and activity of UVB-suppressed antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, CCE decreased UVB-triggered oxidative damage to cellular components including DNA, protein, and lipid and defended the cells against mitochondrial membrane depolarization-medicated apoptosis. The results of this study indicate that CCE can safeguard human keratinocytes against UVB-induced cellular damage via a potent antioxidant mechanism. CCE may find utility as part of a therapeutic arsenal against the damaging effects of UVB radiation on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zheng
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Kang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - X Han
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - H K Kang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - E S Yoo
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Koh
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - N H Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - C S Ko
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - J C Lee
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Ko
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyuna
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Choi HJ, Lee JC, Lee YM. Hourglass epidermoid inclusion cyst of the hand. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2015; 40:749-50. [PMID: 24212414 DOI: 10.1177/1753193413511576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H J Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - J C Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Y M Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
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Yang X, Sheng W, Ridgley DM, Haidekker MA, Sun GY, Lee JC. Astrocytes regulate α-secretase-cleaved soluble amyloid precursor protein secretion in neuronal cells: Involvement of group IIA secretory phospholipase A2. Neuroscience 2015; 300:508-17. [PMID: 26037803 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are major supportive cells in brains with important functions including providing nutrients and regulating neuronal activities. In this study, we demonstrated that astrocytes regulate amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing in neuronal cells through secretion of group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA). When astrocytic cells (DITNC) were mildly stimulated with the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF α and IL-1β, sPLA2-IIA was secreted into the medium. When conditioned medium containing sPLA2-IIA was applied to human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells, there was an increase in both cell membrane fluidity and secretion of α-secretase-cleaved soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPPα). These changes were abrogated by KH064, a selective inhibitor of sPLA2-IIA. In addition, exposing SH-SY5Y cells to recombinant human sPLA2-IIA also increased membrane fluidity, accumulation of APP at the cell surface, and secretion of sAPPα, but without altering total expressions of APP, α-secretases and β-site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE1). Taken together, our results provide novel information regarding a functional role of sPLA2-IIA in astrocytes for regulating APP processing in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - W Sheng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - D M Ridgley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - M A Haidekker
- College of Engineering, Driftmier Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - G Y Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - J C Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States.
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Glover AR, Zhao JT, Ip JC, Lee JC, Robinson BG, Gill AJ, Soon PSH, Sidhu SB. Long noncoding RNA profiles of adrenocortical cancer can be used to predict recurrence. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:99-109. [PMID: 25595289 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive malignancy with high rates of recurrence following surgical resection. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in cancer development. Pathogenesis of adrenal tumours have been characterised by mRNA, microRNA and methylation expression signatures, but it is unknown if this extends to lncRNAs. This study describes lncRNA expression signatures in ACC, adrenal cortical adenoma (ACA) and normal adrenal cortex (NAC) and presents lncRNAs associated with ACC recurrence to identify novel prognostic and therapeutic targets. RNA was extracted from freshly frozen tissue with confirmation of diagnosis by histopathology. Focused lncRNA and mRNA transcriptome analysis was performed using the ArrayStar Human LncRNA V3.0 microarray. Differentially expressed lncRNAs were validated using quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR and correlated with clinical outcomes. Microarray of 21 samples (ten ACCs, five ACAs and six NACs) showed distinct patterns of lncRNA expression between each group. A total of 956 lncRNAs were differentially expressed between ACC and NAC, including known carcinogenesis-related lncRNAs such as H19, GAS5, MALAT1 and PRINS (P≤0.05); 85 lncRNAs were differentially expressed between ACC and ACA (P≤0.05). Hierarchical clustering and heat mapping showed ACC samples correctly grouped compared with NAC and ACA. Sixty-six differentially expressed lncRNAs were found to be associated with ACC recurrence (P≤0.05), one of which, PRINS, was validated in a group of 20 ACCs and also found to be associated with metastatic disease on presentation. The pathogenesis of adrenal tumours extends to lncRNA dysregulation and low expression of the lncRNA PRINS is associated with ACC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Glover
- Cancer Genetics LaboratoryKolling Institute of Medical ResearchDepartments of EndocrinologyAnatomical PathologyRoyal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaDepartment of SurgeryBankstown Hospital and University of New South Wales, Bankstown, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaIngham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchLiverpool, New South Wales 2200, AustraliaUniversity of Sydney Endocrine Surgical UnitRoyal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - J T Zhao
- Cancer Genetics LaboratoryKolling Institute of Medical ResearchDepartments of EndocrinologyAnatomical PathologyRoyal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaDepartment of SurgeryBankstown Hospital and University of New South Wales, Bankstown, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaIngham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchLiverpool, New South Wales 2200, AustraliaUniversity of Sydney Endocrine Surgical UnitRoyal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - J C Ip
- Cancer Genetics LaboratoryKolling Institute of Medical ResearchDepartments of EndocrinologyAnatomical PathologyRoyal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaDepartment of SurgeryBankstown Hospital and University of New South Wales, Bankstown, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaIngham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchLiverpool, New South Wales 2200, AustraliaUniversity of Sydney Endocrine Surgical UnitRoyal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - J C Lee
- Cancer Genetics LaboratoryKolling Institute of Medical ResearchDepartments of EndocrinologyAnatomical PathologyRoyal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaDepartment of SurgeryBankstown Hospital and University of New South Wales, Bankstown, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaIngham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchLiverpool, New South Wales 2200, AustraliaUniversity of Sydney Endocrine Surgical UnitRoyal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - B G Robinson
- Cancer Genetics LaboratoryKolling Institute of Medical ResearchDepartments of EndocrinologyAnatomical PathologyRoyal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaDepartment of SurgeryBankstown Hospital and University of New South Wales, Bankstown, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaIngham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchLiverpool, New South Wales 2200, AustraliaUniversity of Sydney Endocrine Surgical UnitRoyal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia Cancer Genetics LaboratoryKolling Institute of Medical ResearchDepartments of EndocrinologyAnatomical PathologyRoyal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaDepartment of SurgeryBankstown Hospital and University of New South Wales, Bankstown, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaIngham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchLiverpool, New South Wales 2200, AustraliaUniversity of Sydney Endocrine Surgical UnitRoyal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - A J Gill
- Cancer Genetics LaboratoryKolling Institute of Medical ResearchDepartments of EndocrinologyAnatomical PathologyRoyal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaDepartment of SurgeryBankstown Hospital and University of New South Wales, Bankstown, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaIngham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchLiverpool, New South Wales 2200, AustraliaUniversity of Sydney Endocrine Surgical UnitRoyal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia Cancer Genetics LaboratoryKolling Institute of Medical ResearchDepartments of EndocrinologyAnatomical PathologyRoyal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaDepartment of SurgeryBankstown Hospital and University of New South Wales, Bankstown, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaIngham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchLiverpool, New South Wales 2200, AustraliaUniversity of Sydney Endocrine Surgical UnitRoyal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - P S H Soon
- Cancer Genetics LaboratoryKolling Institute of Medical ResearchDepartments of EndocrinologyAnatomical PathologyRoyal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaDepartment of SurgeryBankstown Hospital and University of New South Wales, Bankstown, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaIngham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchLiverpool, New South Wales 2200, AustraliaUniversity of Sydney Endocrine Surgical UnitRoyal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia Cancer Genetics LaboratoryKolling Institute of Medical ResearchDepartments of EndocrinologyAnatomical PathologyRoyal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaDepartment of SurgeryBankstown Hospital and University of New South Wales, Bankstown, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaIngham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchLiverpool, New South Wales 2200, AustraliaUniversity of Sydney Endocrine Surgical UnitRoyal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - S B Sidhu
- Cancer Genetics LaboratoryKolling Institute of Medical ResearchDepartments of EndocrinologyAnatomical PathologyRoyal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaDepartment of SurgeryBankstown Hospital and University of New South Wales, Bankstown, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaIngham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchLiverpool, New South Wales 2200, AustraliaUniversity of Sydney Endocrine Surgical UnitRoyal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia Cancer Genetics LaboratoryKolling Institute of Medical ResearchDepartments of EndocrinologyAnatomical PathologyRoyal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaDepartment of SurgeryBankstown Hospital and University of New South Wales, Bankstown, New South Wales 2065, AustraliaIngham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchLiverpool, New South Wales 2200, AustraliaUniversity of Sydney Endocrine Surgical UnitRoyal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
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Abstract
Wnt signaling plays an essential role in the dental epithelium and mesenchyme during tooth morphogenesis. However, it remains unclear if Wnt ligands, produced from dental mesenchyme, are necessary for odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. Here, we show that odontoblast-specific disruption of Wntless (Wls), a chaperon protein that regulates Wnt sorting and secretion, leads to severe defects in dentin formation and root elongation. Dentin thickness decreased remarkably and pulp chambers enlarged in the mandibular molars of OC-Cre;Wls(CO/CO) mice. Although the initial odontoblast differentiation was normal in the mutant crown, odontoblasts became cuboidal and dentin thickness was reduced. In immunohistochemistry, Wnt10a, β-catenin, type I collagen, and dentin sialoprotein were significantly down-regulated in the odontoblasts of mutant crown. In addition, roots were short and root canals were widened. Cell proliferation was reduced in the developing root apex of mutant molars. Furthermore, Wnt10a and Axin2 expression was remarkably decreased in the odontoblasts of mutant roots. Deletion of the Wls gene in odontoblasts appears to reduce canonical Wnt activity, leading to inhibition of odontoblast maturation and root elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Bae
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - T H Kim
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - S O Ko
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - J C Lee
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - X Yang
- Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - E S Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
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Abstract
Bone and dentin share similar biochemical compositions and physiological properties. Dentin, a major tooth component, is formed by odontoblasts; in contrast, bone is produced by osteoblasts. Osterix (Osx), a zinc finger-containing transcription factor, has been identified as an essential regulator of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. However, it has been difficult to establish whether Osx functions in odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. To understand the role of Osx in dentin formation, we analyzed mice in which Osx was subjected to tissue-specific ablation under the control of either the Col1a1 or the OC promoter. Two independent Osx conditional knockout mice exhibited similar molar abnormalities. Although no phenotype was found in the crowns of these teeth, both mutant lines exhibited short molar roots due to impaired root elongation. Furthermore, the interradicular dentin in these mice showed severe hypoplastic features, which were likely caused by disruptions in odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. These phenotypes were closely related to the temporospatial expression pattern of Osx during tooth development. These findings indicate that Osx is required for root formation by regulating odontoblast differentiation, maturation, and root elongation. Cumulatively, our data strongly indicate that Osx is a site-specific regulator in tooth root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Kim
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - C H Bae
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - J C Lee
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - J E Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - X Yang
- Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - B de Crombrugghe
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E S Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
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Lightle DM, Quito-Avila D, Martin RR, Lee JC. Seasonal phenology of Amphorophora agathonica (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and spread of viruses in red raspberry in Washington. Environ Entomol 2014; 43:467-473. [PMID: 24763099 DOI: 10.1603/en13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Amphorophora agathonica (Hottes) is the primary vector of aphid-transmitted viruses in red raspberry in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. To better understand the biology of the aphid, we estimated the lower developmental threshold and studied the seasonal activity of A. agathonica in commercial fields in northern Washington state. In addition, we monitored the spread of raspberry viruses (raspberry latent virus and raspberry leaf mottle virus, RLMV) to determine how rapidly fields became infected and whether there was a relationship between aphid presence and infection. The lower developmental threshold of A. agathonica was estimated to be 2.7°C. In the field, apterous and alate aphid populations began rapidly increasing at ≍800 growing degree-days and peaked at 1,050 growing degree-days. RLMV spread rapidly, with 30-60% of plants in four different commercial fields testing positive after three growing seasons. There was no discernible relationship between the presence or abundance of aphids based on 10 leaves sampled per plant location, and the odds of that plant becoming infected with RLMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Lightle
- Entomology Program, Oregon State University, 4017 Ag and Life Sciences Bldg., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Woods JL, James DG, Lee JC, Walsh DB, Gent DH. Development of biological control of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Phorodon humuli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Oregon hop yards. J Econ Entomol 2014; 107:570-581. [PMID: 24772536 DOI: 10.1603/ec13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The temporal development of biological control of arthropod pests in perennial cropping systems is largely unreported. In this study, the development of biological control of twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and hop aphid, Phorodon humuli (Schrank), in a new planting of hop in Oregon is described over a period of 9 yr (2005-2013). Both the abundance and diversity of natural enemies increased over time. Known predators of hop aphid (Coccinellidae and Anthocoridae) were present in all years; however, stable biological control of hop aphid was not achieved in most years and aphicides were required to suppress populations at commercially acceptable levels in 5 of 9 yr. Populations of aphidophagous coccinellids developed synchronously with hop aphid populations, and temporal correlations indicated these are the primary predatory insect associated with hop aphid regulation. However, sampling methods did not assess levels of aphid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids and their contribution to biological control was unquantified. Spider mite biological control was associated primarily with predatory mites (Phytoseiidae) and Stethorus spp. (Coccinellidae). The magnitude of temporal correlations of abundance of these predators with spider mites was found to be greatest on the same sampling dates and at lags of 7-14 d. Stable biological control of spider mites occurred after four field seasons, suppressing spider mites to levels similar to those commonly achieved with chemical control. A survey of 11 commercial hop yards in Oregon documented pest and natural enemy densities under commercial management practices over a period of 4 yr (2008-2011). Natural enemy abundance in commercial hop yards was similar to that of a 2- to 3-yr-old hop yard with limited disturbance. Whereas total reliance on biological control for hop aphid is unlikely to be successful, there appears to be unrealized potential for biological control of spider mites in commercial production. Dynamic action thresholds that consider the value of natural enemies are needed for both pests.
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Fischer J, Lee JC, Peters G, Kahl BC. Acapsular clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates lack agr function. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013; 20:O414-7. [PMID: 24224619 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen causing community- and hospital-acquired infections. Capsule production of S. aureus confers protection against host defence. There is a lack of information concerning the association of capsular polysaccharide (CP) expression and activity of the accessory gene regulator (agr) in clinical S. aureus isolates. Production of CP and agr expression were assessed in 195 S. aureus isolates from infected patients at a German University Hospital. Northern blot analysis revealed that S. aureus strains with a non-functional agr locus were more likely to be CP-negative than strains with a functional agr locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fischer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; The Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Shin J, Lee JC, Baek KH. A single extra copy of Dscr1 improves survival of mice developing spontaneous lung tumors through suppression of tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Lett 2013; 342:70-81. [PMID: 24051307 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of most solid tumors is remarkably reduced in individuals with Down syndrome. Using mouse models of Down syndrome, we have previously shown that this decrease in tumor incidence is due, in part, to suppression of tumor angiogenesis as a consequence of attenuated calcineurin signaling in endothelial cells. Our prior studies utilized xenografted tumors in a transgenic mouse model with three copies of the Down syndrome critical region-1 (Dscr1) gene, a chromosome 21-encoded endogenous calcineurin inhibitor. These data indicate that upregulated Dscr1 contributes to broad cancer protection by suppressing tumor angiogenesis through inhibiting the calcineurin pathway in the vascular endothelium. However, it still remains to be confirmed whether a single extra copy of Dscr1 is also sufficient to suppress tumor angiogenesis in slow growing spontaneous tumors that more accurately recapitulate molecular features of human malignancies. In this study, utilizing LSL-Kras(G12D) mice, an inducible and autochthonous model of human lung adenocarcinoma, on a Dscr1 transgenic mouse background, we show that a single extra transgenic copy of Dscr1 provides a survival advantage in these mice developing spontaneous lung tumors driven by oncogenic Kras(G12D) without affecting either initiation or progression of spontaneous lung tumors. Furthermore, we show that Dscr1 trisomy significantly reduces microvessel density in lung tumors and thus limits the growth of lung tumors through decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of lung tumor cells. These data provide evidence that a single extra copy of Dscr1 is sufficient to suppress tumor angiogenesis during spontaneous lung tumorigenesis and further support our hypothesis that suppression of tumor angiogenesis by an additional copy of Dscr1 contributes to the reduced cancer incidence in individuals with Down syndrome and the calcineurin pathway in the tumor vasculature is a potential target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Shin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Lee JC, Shin J, Baek KH. Trisomy of the Dscr1 gene suppresses early progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia driven by oncogenic Kras. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:50-5. [PMID: 24041692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome exhibit remarkably reduced incidence of most solid tumors including pancreatic cancer. Multiple mechanisms arising from the genetic complexity underlying Down syndrome has been suggested to contribute to such a broad cancer protection. In this study, utilizing a genetically engineered mouse model of pancreatic cancer, we demonstrate that trisomy of the Down syndrome critical region-1 (Dscr1), an endogenous calcineurin inhibitor localized on chromosome 21, suppresses the progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia-1A (PanIN-1A) to PanIN-1B lesions without affecting the initiation of PanIN lesions mediated by oncogenic Kras(G12D). In addition, we show that Dscr1 trisomy attenuates nuclear localization of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) accompanied by upregulation of the p15(Ink4b) tumor suppressor and reduction of cell proliferation in early PanIN lesions. Our data suggest that attenuation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling in neoplastic pancreatic ductal epithelium by a single extra copy of Dscr1 is sufficient to inhibit the progression of early PanIN lesions driven by oncogenic Kras, and thus may be a potential mechanism underlying reduced incidence of pancreatic cancer in Down syndrome individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Choon Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi 440-746, Republic of Korea
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19
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Shah RJ, Bellamy SL, Lee JC, Cantu E, Diamond JM, Mangalmurti N, Kawut SM, Ware LB, Christie JD. Early plasma soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-product levels are associated with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:754-9. [PMID: 23331756 PMCID: PMC3582806 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Early epithelial injury after lung transplantation may contribute to development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). We evaluated the relationship between early postoperative soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-product (sRAGE) levels, a marker of type I alveolar cell injury and BOS. We performed a cohort study of 106 lung transplant recipients between 2002 and 2006 at the University of Pennsylvania with follow-up through 2010. Plasma sRAGE was measured 6 and 24 h after transplantation. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between sRAGE and time to BOS, defined according to ISHLT guidelines. Sixty (57%) subjects developed BOS. The average time to BOS was 3.4 years. sRAGE levels measured at 6 h (HR per SD of sRAGE: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.57, p = 0.02) and 24 h (HR per SD of sRAGE: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.65, p = 0.01) were associated with an increased hazard of BOS. Multivariable Cox regression indicated this relationship was independent of potential confounders. Elevated plasma sRAGE levels measured in the immediate postoperative period are associated with the development of BOS. Early epithelial injury after transplantation may contribute to the development of fibrosis in BOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- RJ Shah
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - SL Bellamy
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - JC Lee
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E Cantu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - JM Diamond
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - N Mangalmurti
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - SM Kawut
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - LB Ware
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - JD Christie
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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Lee JC, Redmond AM. FDG-PET for investigation of patients with fever of unknown origin. Intern Med J 2012; 42:1368; author reply 1368-9. [PMID: 23253006 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bae CH, Lee JY, Kim TH, Baek JA, Lee JC, Yang X, Taketo MM, Jiang R, Cho ES. Excessive Wnt/β-catenin signaling disturbs tooth-root formation. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:405-10. [PMID: 23050778 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling plays an essential role in cellular differentiation and matrix formation during skeletal development. However, little is known about its role in tooth-root formation. In a previous study, we found excessive formation of dentin and cementum in mice with constitutive β-catenin stabilization in the dental mesenchyme. In the present study we analyzed the molar roots of these mice to investigate the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in root formation in more detail. MATERIAL AND METHODS We generated OC-Cre:Catnb(+/lox(ex3)) mice by intercrossing Catnb(+/lox(ex3)) and OC-Cre mice, and we analyzed their mandibular molars using radiography, histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS OC-Cre:Catnb(+/lox(ex3)) mice showed impaired root formation. At the beginning of root formation in mutant molars, dental papilla cells did not show normal differentiation into odontoblasts; rather, they were prematurely differentiated and had a disorganized arrangement. Interestingly, SMAD family member 4 was upregulated in premature odontoblasts. In 4-wk-old mutant mice, molar roots were about half the length of those in their wild-type littermates. In contrast to excessively formed dentin in crown, root dentin was thin and hypomineralized in mutant mice. Biglycan and dentin sialophosphoprotein were downregulated in root dentin of mutant mice, whereas dentin matrix protein 1 and Dickkopf-related protein 1 were upregulated. Additionally, ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 was significantly downregulated in the cementoblasts of mutant molars. Finally, in the cementum of mutant mice, bone sialoprotein was downregulated but Dickkopf-related protein 2 was upregulated. CONCLUSION These results suggest that temporospatial regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays an important role in cell differentiation and matrix formation during root and cementum formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Bae
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
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Lightle DM, Dossett M, Backus EA, Lee JC. Location of the mechanism of resistance to Amphorophora agathonica (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in red raspberry. J Econ Entomol 2012; 105:1465-1470. [PMID: 22928330 DOI: 10.1603/ec11405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aphid Amphorophora agathonica Hottes (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an important virus vector in red (Rubus idaeus L.) and black (Rubus occidentalis L.) raspberries in North America. Raspberry resistance to A. agathonica in the form of a single dominant gene named Ag1 has been relied upon to help control aphid-transmitted plant viruses; however, the mechanism of resistance to the insect is poorly understood. Aphid feeding was monitored using an electrical penetration graph on the resistant red raspberry 'Tulameen' and compared with a susceptible control, 'Vintage'. There were no differences in pathway feeding behaviors of aphids as they moved toward the phloem. Once in the phloem, however, aphids feeding on resistant plants spent significantly more time salivating than on susceptible plants, and ingested significantly less phloem sap. This suggests that a mechanism for resistance to A. agathonica is located in the phloem. Reduced ingestion of phloem may result in inefficient acquisition of viruses and is a likely explanation for the lack of aphid-transmitted viruses in plantings of resistant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Lightle
- Oregon State University, 4017 Ag & Life Sciences Bldg., Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.
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Abstract
Injuries to muscle in the elite athlete are common and may be responsible for prolonged periods of loss of competitive activity. The implications for the athlete and his/her coach and team may be catastrophic if the injury occurs at a critical time in the athlete's diary. Imaging now plays a crucial role in diagnosis, prognostication and management of athletes with muscle injuries. This article discusses the methods available to clinicians and radiologists that are used to assess skeletal muscle injury. The spectrum of muscle injuries sustained in the elite athlete population is both discussed and illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Lee
- Department of Radiology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
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Premasiri WR, Lee JC, Ziegler LD. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of whole human blood, blood plasma, and red blood cells: cellular processes and bioanalytical sensing. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:9376-86. [PMID: 22780445 DOI: 10.1021/jp304932g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
SERS spectra of whole human blood, blood plasma, and red blood cells on Au nanoparticle SiO(2) substrates excited at 785 nm have been observed. For the sample preparation procedure employed here, the SERS spectrum of whole blood arises from the blood plasma component only. This is in contrast to the normal Raman spectrum of whole blood excited at 785 nm and open to ambient air, which is exclusively due to the scattering of oxyhemoglobin. The SERS spectrum of whole blood shows a storage time dependence that is not evident in the non-SERS Raman spectrum of whole blood. Hypoxanthine, a product of purine degradation, dominates the SERS spectrum of blood after ~10-20 h of storage at 8 °C. The corresponding SERS spectrum of plasma isolated from the stored blood shows the same temporal release of hypoxanthine. Thus, blood cellular components (red blood cells, white blood cells, and/or platelets) are releasing hypoxanthine into the plasma over this time interval. The SERS spectrum of red blood cells (RBCs) excited at 785 nm is reported for the first time and exhibits well-known heme group marker bands as well as other bands that may be attributed to cell membrane components or protein denaturation contributions. SERS, as well as normal Raman spectra, of oxy- and met-RBCs are reported and compared. These SERS results can have significant impact in the area of clinical diagnostics, blood supply management, and forensics.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Premasiri
- Department of Chemistry, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Lee JC, Hartnett GF, Ravi Kumar AS. Timely investigation of incidental focal colorectal fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. Colorectal Dis 2012; 14:897-8. [PMID: 22564887 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2012.03065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Premasiri WR, Sauer-Budge AF, Lee JC, Klapperich CM, Ziegler LD. Rapid bacterial diagnostics via surface enhanced Raman microscopy. Spectroscopy (Springf) 2012; 27:s8-31. [PMID: 24371371 PMCID: PMC3872130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There is a continuing need to develop new techniques for the rapid and specific identification of bacterial pathogens in human body fluids especially given the increasing prevalence of drug resistant strains. Efforts to develop a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based approach, which encompasses sample preparation, SERS substrates, portable Raman microscopy instrumentation and novel identification software, are described. The progress made in each of these areas in our laboratory is summarized and illustrated by a spiked infectious sample for urinary tract infection (UTI) diagnostics. SERS bacterial spectra exhibit both enhanced sensitivity and specificity allowing the development of an easy to use, portable, optical platform for pathogen detection and identification. SERS of bacterial cells is shown to offer not only reproducible molecular spectroscopic signatures for analytical applications in clinical diagnostics, but also is a new tool for studying biochemical activity in real time at the outer layers of these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Premasiri
- Department of Chemistry, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston University, Boston MA 02215 ; Photonics Center, 15 Saint Mary's St., Boston University, Boston MA 02215
| | - A F Sauer-Budge
- Photonics Center, 15 Saint Mary's St., Boston University, Boston MA 02215 ; Fraunhofer USA - Center for Manufacturing Innovation, 15 Saint Mary's St. Brookline, MA 02446 ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, 44 Cummington St., Boston University, Boston MA 02215
| | - J C Lee
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St. Boston MA 02115
| | - C M Klapperich
- Photonics Center, 15 Saint Mary's St., Boston University, Boston MA 02215 ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, 44 Cummington St., Boston University, Boston MA 02215 ; Department of Mechanical Engineering, 44 Cummington St., Boston University, Boston MA 02215
| | - L D Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston University, Boston MA 02215 ; Photonics Center, 15 Saint Mary's St., Boston University, Boston MA 02215
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Popova EV, Kim DH, Han SH, Pritchard HW, Lee JC. Narrowing oF the critical hydration window for cryopreservation of Salix caprea seeds following ageing and a reduction in vigour. Cryo Letters 2012; 33:220-231. [PMID: 22825789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of desiccation, rehydration and cryopreservation on the viability of seeds of a wild mountain species and seven clones of Salix caprea L. Seeds responded differently to all treatments depending on clone, seed initial moisture content (MC) and seed vigour. Fresh seeds of two randomly selected clones tolerated desiccation to MC 8.5-9.6 % FW (0.09-0.11 g water per g dry mass. g/gdw) without any noticeable loss in viability and were successfully cryopreserved at MCs ranging from 8.5 to 23.4 % (0.09-0.30 g/gdw). Storage at 5 degree C for approximately 10 weeks significantly reduced the viability of seed lots of a wild species and of three S. caprea clones, whilst viability of seeds of four other clones remained unaffected. Since all clones tested were genetically derived from one tree, this variation is unlikely to be of maternal origin. Most probably paternal x environmental factors have influenced seed behavior during desiccation and storage. As viability decreased due to partial ageing, seeds became more susceptible to desiccation stress. When seeds of three clones were cryopreserved, the hydration window for survival was wider for highly vigorous seeds (c. 0.05-0.28 g/gdw) than for seeds with intermediate vigour (c. 0.10-0.24 g/gdw) and low vigour (c. 0.20-0.37 g/gdw). Rehydration to MC above 0.15 g/gdw improved germination of low vigour seeds, both in controls and after cryopreservation. In contrast, cryopreservation of high vigour seeds rehydrated to MCs above 0.11 g/gdw resulted in a sharp decrease in normal seedling production. Whilst no effect of cryogenic temperature on germination and normal seedling production was observed when seeds of seven clones were cryopreserved within their hydration windows, the results indicate the need to account for seed lot vigour when designing cryopreservation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Popova
- Division of Forest Genetic Resources, Korea Forest Research Institute, Suwon, Korea
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Lee JC, Hartnett GF, Ravi Kumar AS. Predictive value according to location of incidental focal colorectal fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on positron emission tomography scans. Colorectal Dis 2012; 14:642-3. [PMID: 22251307 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2012.02938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Jung MJ, Rho JK, Kim YM, Jung JE, Jin YB, Ko YG, Lee JS, Lee SJ, Lee JC, Park MJ. Upregulation of CXCR4 is functionally crucial for maintenance of stemness in drug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncogene 2012; 32:209-21. [PMID: 22370645 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis of cancer stem cells has been proposed to explain the therapeutic failure in a variety of cancers including lung cancers. Previously, we demonstrated acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a feature highly reminiscent of cancer stem-like cells, in gefitinib-resistant A549 cells (A549/GR). Here, we show that A549/GR cells contain a high proportion of CXCR4+ cells that are responsible for having high potential of self-renewal activity in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. A549/GR cells exhibited strong sphere-forming activity and high CXCR4 expression and SDF-1α secretion compared with parent cells. Pharmacological inhibition (AMD3100) and/or siRNA transfection targeting CXCR4 significantly suppressed sphere-forming activity in A549 and A549/GR cells, and in various non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. A549/GR cells showed enhanced Akt, mTOR and STAT3 (Y705) phosphorylation. Pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase or transfection with wild-type PTEN suppressed phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR and STAT3 (Y705), sphere formation, and CXCR4 expression in A549/GR cells, whereas mutant PTEN enhanced these events. Inhibition of STAT3 by WP1066 or siSTAT3 significantly suppressed the sphere formation, but not CXCR4 expression, indicating that STAT3 is a downstream effector of CXCR4-mediated signaling. FACS-sorted CXCR4+ A549/GR cells formed many large spheres, had self-renewal capacity, demonstrated radiation resistance in vitro and exhibited stronger tumorigenic potential in vivo than CXCR4- cells. Lentiviral-transduction of CXCR4 enhanced sphere formation and tumorigenicity in H460 and A549 cells, whereas introduction of siCXCR4 suppressed these activities in A549/GR cells. Our data indicate that CXCR4+ NSCLC cells are strong candidates for tumorigenic stem-like cancer cells that maintain stemness through a CXCR4-medated STAT3 pathway and provide a potential therapeutic target for eliminating these malignant cells in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-J Jung
- Divisions of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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Woods JL, James DG, Lee JC, Gent DH. Evaluation of airborne methyl salicylate for improved conservation biological control of two-spotted spider mite and hop aphid in Oregon hop yards. Exp Appl Acarol 2011; 55:401-416. [PMID: 22020782 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-011-9495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of synthetic herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV) to attract natural enemies has received interest as a tool to enhance conservation biological control (CBC). Methyl salicylate (MeSA) is a HIPV that is attractive to several key predators of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), and hop aphid, Phorodon humuli (Schrank) (Homoptera: Aphididae). A 2-year study was conducted to evaluate the recommended commercial use of MeSA in hop yards in Oregon. Slow-release MeSA dispensers were stapled to supporting poles in 0.5 ha plots and these plots were compared to a paired non-treated plot on each of three farms in 2008 and 2009. Across both years, there was a trend for reduced (range 40-91%) mean seasonal numbers of T. urticae in five of the six MeSA-baited plots. Stethorus spp., key spider mite predators, tended to be more numerous in MeSA-baited plots compared to control plots on a given farm. Mean seasonal densities of hop aphid and other natural enemies (e.g., Orius spp. and Anystis spp.) were similar between MeSA-treated and control plots. Variability among farms in suppression of two-spotted spider mites and attraction of Stethorus spp. suggests that the use of MeSA to enhance CBC of spider mites in commercial hop yards may be influenced by site-specific factors related to the agroecology of individual farms or seasonal effects that require further investigation. The current study also suggests that CBC of hop aphid with MeSA in this environment may be unsatisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Woods
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, OR 97331-3002, USA
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Lee JC, Ahn KS, Jeong SJ, Jung JH, Kwon TR, Rhee YH, Kim SH, Kim SY, Yoon HJ, Zhu S, Chen CY, Kim SH. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway mediates genipin-induced apoptosis in U266 multiple myeloma cells. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:1552-62. [PMID: 21344490 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It has drawn a lot of attention to target signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as a potential strategy for cancer therapeutics. Using several myelogenous cell lines, the effect of genipin (an active compound of Gardenia fruit) on the STAT3 pathway and apoptosis was investigated. Genipin suppressed the constitutive STAT3 activation in U266 and U937 cells and stimulated Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1), which dephosphorylates and inactivates STAT3. Specifically, genipin blocked STAT3 activation via repressing the activation of c-Src, but not Janus kinase 1 (JAK1). Genipin also downregulated the expression of STAT3 target genes including Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L) , Survivin, Cyclin D1, and VEGF. Conversely, protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate blocked genipin induced STAT3 inactivation. Using DNA fragmentation or TUNEL assays, we demonstrated the apoptotic effect of genipin on U266, MM.1S, and U937 cells. Furthermore, genipin effectively potentiated the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic agents, such as bortezomib, thalidomide, and paclitaxel in U266 cells. Our data suggest that through regulation of Src and SHP-1, genipin antagonizes STAT3 for the induction of apoptosis in myeloma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Choon Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Na II, Park JY, Kim KM, Cheon GJ, Choe DH, Koh JS, Baek HJ, Lee JC. Significance of smoking history and FDG uptake for pathological N2 staging in clinical N2-negative non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2011; 22:2068-2072. [PMID: 21257671 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to evaluate whether smoking history and the standardized uptake value (SUV) of 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake are associated with unexpected pathological N2 status (pN2) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed the data of 220 patients who underwent surgical resection with clinical N2-negative status on computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)-CT. The maximum SUV of primary tumor was chosen for logistic analysis. RESULTS Seventy-two patients (33%) had never smoked. The SUV ranged from 1.0 to 29.0 (median 9.1). In univariate analysis, adenocarcinomas (P = 0.019), female gender (P = 0.010), N1 on CT (P = 0.025), and N1 PET-CT (P = 0.001) were associated with a high probability of pN2. The proportion of pN2 in never smokers was higher than in ever smokers (26% versus 10% respectively; P = 0.002). The SUV remained on a multivariate logistic model (odds ratio 1.1; 95% confidence interval 1.0-1.2; P = 0.010) and it had a better predictive value in never smokers than in ever smokers (P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates an association between smoking history and pN2 in clinically negative N2 NSCLC. The different roles of FDG uptake were also suggested based on smoking history.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Na
- Department of Internal Medicine.
| | - J Y Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences
| | - K M Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences
| | - G J Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Medical Center Anam Hospital, Seoul
| | | | | | - H J Baek
- Thoracic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - J C Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine
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Peavy GM, Jacobson MW, Goldstein JL, Hamilton JM, Kane A, Gamst AC, Lessig SL, Lee JC, Corey-Bloom J. Cognitive and functional decline in Huntington's disease: dementia criteria revisited. Mov Disord 2010; 25:1163-9. [PMID: 20629124 DOI: 10.1002/mds.22953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of designating criteria for diagnosing dementia lies in its implications for clinical treatment, research, caregiving, and decision-making. Dementia diagnosis in Huntington's disease (HD) is often based on criteria developed for Alzheimer's disease requiring memory loss. However, it is likely that other cognitive deficits contribute to functional impairment in HD before memory declines. The goal is to identify cognitive deficits that contribute to functional impairment to support dementia criteria that reflect HD neuropathology. Eighty-four HD mutation-positive subjects completed neuropsychological tests and the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale Functional Independence Scale (FIS). Functional impairment was defined as 80 or below on the FIS. Speed of processing, initiation, and attention measures accounted for 70.0% of the variance in FIS ratings (linear regression) and correctly classified 91.7% of subjects as functionally impaired or intact (logistic regression). Measures of memory, motor impairment except dysarthria, neuroleptic use, and depressed mood did not improve prediction. A definition of HD dementia that includes cognitive impairment in at least two areas of cognition but does not require a memory deficit, in the context of impaired functional abilities and a deteriorating course, more accurately reflects HD neuropathology and could lead to improved research methods and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guerry M Peavy
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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Abstract
Traumatic, degenerative and rheumatological injuries of the foot are common and can be managed by an ever increasing number of treatments and surgical interventions. High-frequency sonography is inexpensive, portable and is unique in allowing true dynamic assessment of the ligamentous, muscular and tendinous structures. The ultrasound technique demonstrates a steep learning curve and requires detailed knowledge of the foot anatomy. Ultrasound assessment plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of injuries of these structures by guiding rehabilitation and surgical intervention without delay. However, intimate knowledge of the ultrasound appearances of the foot anatomy and normal variants is paramount to correctly identify pathological conditions. We describe the normal sonographic appearances of the foot musculoskeletal structures with MR correlation including joints and their ligaments, dorsal and plantar surfaces of the foot, and the arches of the foot and their supporting structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ansede
- Radiology Department, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK.
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Heo ST, Kim SJ, Jeong YG, Bae IG, Jin JS, Lee JC. Hospital outbreak of Burkholderia stabilis bacteraemia related to contaminated chlorhexidine in haematological malignancy patients with indwelling catheters. J Hosp Infect 2009; 70:241-5. [PMID: 18799235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2008.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is an opportunistic pathogen that occasionally causes hospital outbreaks. This paper describes an outbreak of BCC bacteraemia in haematological malignancy patients related to a contaminated chlorhexidine gluconate solution. Eight BCC isolates were obtained from patients hospitalised in the same ward of a cancer centre in a Korean hospital. A further three BCC isolates were obtained from 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate used in the same ward. The isolates were identified as B. stabilis and exhibited identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles. All patients with B. stabilis bacteraemia had indwelling intravenous catheters, which were treated with chlorhexidine to disinfect the catheters. Following identification of the source of contamination, strict controls regarding surveillance cultures for disinfectants have been enforced. No further B. stabilis infections have been found in the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vardenafil has demonstrated efficacy for the pharmacological management of erectile dysfunction (ED). Accumulating evidence suggests that ED is frequently associated with underlying cardiovascular and metabolic conditions which are thought to be involved in the aetiology of ED. The present review aims to summarise and discuss the available evidence for the efficacy, safety and tolerability of vardenafil in patients with underlying conditions including diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. METHODS Relevant articles were identified through a PubMed search of clinical trials and postmarketing surveillance studies of vardenafil in patients with ED including those with diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. RESULTS Across all trials, vardenafil showed good efficacy for the treatment of ED in patients with diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Vardenafil also showed a favourable safety and tolerability profile. The concomitant use of medication to treat hypertension or dyslipidaemia was not associated with an increase in adverse events following vardenafil treatment. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of both diagnosed and undiagnosed underlying conditions is high among men with ED. The evidence presented in this review suggests that vardenafil is efficacious and well tolerated in patients with ED and diabetes, hypertension and/or dyslipidaemia and can be recommended as first-line treatment for ED in patients with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Eardley
- Pyrah Department of Urology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Lin
- Vulval Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Fox RJ, Kivisakk P, Fisher E, Tucky B, Lee JC, Rudick RA, Ransohoff RM. Multiple sclerosis: chemokine receptor expression on circulating lymphocytes in correlation with radiographic measures of tissue injury. Mult Scler 2008; 14:1036-43. [PMID: 18701575 DOI: 10.1177/1352458508092261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocytes expressing inflammatory chemokine receptors (CKRs), most consistently CCR2, CCR5, and CXCR3, have been identified in multiple sclerosis (MS) tissue lesions and provide attractive therapeutic targets. Our previous studies found large inter-individual differences in expression of these CKRs but stable levels over time within subjects. This observation suggests a CKR "set-point" within individuals, which might relate to inflammatory injury in MS. We evaluated the correlation between CKR levels and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of disease activity. METHODS Fifty-five relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS) patients were prospectively followed with annual CKR and MRI studies. Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to determine CCR2, CCR5, and CXCR3 expression on CD4 and CD8 cells. Simultaneous cranial MRIs were performed, and quantitative measures of T2, T1, and gadolinium lesions, brain parenchymal fraction (BPF), and whole brain and fractionated magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) were performed using automated software. Spearman's rank correlations evaluated the relationship between CKR levels and MRI measures. RESULTS Significant correlations were observed between CXCR3 expression on CD8 cells and measures of new (T1) and total (T1, T2) lesion volumes, lesion MTR, and BPF; higher levels of CXCR3 expression were correlated with greater injury on MRI (|r| = 0.27-0.42). In contrast, CD4 cell CKR expression was only minimally correlated with MRI measures. CONCLUSIONS Over 2 years, we observed significant correlations between the percent of CD8 cells expressing CXCR3 and MRI measures of MS inflammatory activity and tissue destruction. These observations are consistent with a pathogenic role for cytotoxic T cells in MS brain and have significant implications regarding T-cell targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Fox
- Department of Neurology, Mellen Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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Lim SA, Sitoh YY, Lim TC, Lee JC. Clinics in diagnostic imaging (120). Right rhinogenic optic neuritis secondary to mucocoele of the Onodi cell. Singapore Med J 2008; 49:84-88. [PMID: 18204776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute visual loss can be caused by retrobulbar optic neuritis, radiation optic neuropathy or ischaemic optic neuropathy. Sinusitis affecting the Onodi cell, a posterior ethmoidal air cell that has encroached on the adjacent sphenoid bone forming the optic canal, can present rarely with visual loss. We report a 60-year-old man, who developed a sudden ache on the nasal aspect of his right eye, and deterioration of the vision in his right eye. This case illustrates the typical radiological appearances of the Onodi cell on MR imaging and CT. The diagnosis of right rhinogenic optic neuritis secondary to mucocoele of the Onodi cell was confirmed at surgery. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery with decompression of the Onodi cell was performed. Physicians should be familiar with the presentation, performed. Physicians should be familiar with the presentation, diagnosis and management of this rare but important condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433.
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Yang YS, Ahn TH, Lee JC, Moon CJ, Kim SH, Park SC, Chung YH, Kim HY, Kim JC. Effects of tert-butyl acetate on maternal toxicity and embryo-fetal development in Sprague-Dawley rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 80:374-82. [PMID: 17948321 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential adverse effects of tert-butyl acetate (TBAc) on maternal toxicity and embryo-fetal development after maternal exposure of pregnant rats from gestational days 6 through 19. TBAc was administered to pregnant rats by gavage at 0, 400, 800, and 1,600 mg/kg/day. All dams were subjected to a Caesarean section on day 20 of gestation, and their fetuses were examined for any morphological abnormalities. At 1,600 mg/kg, maternal toxicity manifested as increases in the incidence of clinical signs and death, lower body weight gain and food intake, increases in the weights of adrenal glands and liver, and a decrease in thymus weight. Developmental toxicity included a decrease in fetal weight, an increase in the incidence of skeletal variation, and a delay in fetal ossification. At 800 mg/kg, only a minimal developmental toxicity, including an increase in the incidence of skeletal variation and a delay in fetal ossification, were observed. In contrast, no adverse maternal or developmental effects were observed at 400 mg/kg. These results show that a 14-day repeated oral dose of TBAc is embryotoxic at a maternally toxic dose (i.e., 1,600 mg/kg/day) and is minimally embryotoxic at a nonmaternally toxic dose (i.e., 800 mg/kg/day) in rats. However, no evidence for the teratogenicity of TBAc was noted in rats. It is concluded that the developmental findings observed in the present study are secondary effects to maternal toxicity. Under these experimental conditions, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of TBAc is considered to be 800 mg/kg/day for dams and 400 mg/kg/day for embryo-fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Mitchell PD, Chew NS, Goutos I, Healy JC, Lee JC, Evans S, Hulme A. The value of MRI undertaken immediately after reduction of the hip as a predictor of long-term acetabular dysplasia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 89:948-52. [PMID: 17673592 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.89b7.18751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to determine whether abnormalities noted on MRI immediately after reduction for developmental dysplasia of the hip could predict the persistance of dysplasia and aid surgical planning. Scans of 13 hips in which acetabular dysplasia had resolved by the age of four years were compared with those of five which had required pelvic osteotomy for persisting dysplasia. The scans were analysed by two consultant musculoskeletal radiologists who were blinded to the outcome in each child. The postreduction scans highlighted a number of anatomical abnormalities secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip, but statistical analysis showed that none were predictive of persisting acetabular dysplasia in the older child, suggesting that the factors which determine the long-term outcome were not visible on these images.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Mitchell
- Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK.
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Kim J, Jeong JH, Cha HY, Jin JS, Lee JC, Lee YC, Seol SY, Cho DT. Detection of diverse SCCmec variants in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and comparison of SCCmec typing methods. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13:1128-30. [PMID: 17711482 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Non-duplicate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates (n = 436), collected from four hospitals located in three Korean cities between 2001 and 2005, were investigated by SCCmec typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Variations within SCCmec, especially type II, were detected in 165 (37.8%) isolates, and these variants were characterised using four different SCCmec typing methods. The predominant SCCmec type was a type II variant that differed from type II by the absence of a pUB110 insertion. MLST analysis showed that most of the isolates carrying SCCmec variants belonged to ST5.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Junggu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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You JS, Kang JK, Lee EK, Lee JC, Lee SH, Jeon YJ, Koh DH, Ahn SH, Seo DW, Lee HY, Cho EJ, Han JW. Histone deacetylase inhibitor apicidin downregulates DNA methyltransferase 1 expression and induces repressive histone modifications via recruitment of corepressor complex to promoter region in human cervix cancer cells. Oncogene 2007; 27:1376-86. [PMID: 17828306 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)1 expression is associated with cellular transformation, and inhibition of DNMT1 exerts antitumorigenic effects. Here, we report that DNMT1 abnormally expressed in HeLa cells is downregulated by a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor apicidin, which is correlated with induction of repressive histone modifications on the promoter site. Apicidin selectively represses the expression of DNMT1 among DNMTs in HeLa cells, independent of cell cycle arrest at G0/G1. Furthermore, apicidin causes a significant reduction in the recruitment of RNA polymerase II into the promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis shows that even though apicidin causes global hyperacetylation of histone H3 and H4, localized deacetylation of histone H3 and H4 occurs at the E2F binding site, which is accompanied by the recruitment of pRB and the replacement of P/CAF with HDAC1 into the sites. In addition, K4-trimethylated H3 on nucleosomes associated with the transcriptional start site is depleted following apicidin treatment, whereas repressive markers, K9- and K27-trimethylation of H3 are enriched on the site. The downregulation of DNMT1 expression seems to require de novo protein synthesis, because the apicidin effect is antagonized by cycloheximide treatment. Moreover, knock down of DNMT1 with siRNA induces the apoptosis of HeLa cells, indicating that downregulation of DNMT1 might be a good strategy for therapeutics of human cervix cancer. Collectively, our findings will provide a mechanistic rationale for the use of HDAC inhibitors in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S You
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Tuchscherr LPN, Gomez MI, Buzzola FR, Calvinho LF, Lee JC, Sordelli DO. Characterization of a new variant of IS257 that has displaced the capsule genes within bovine isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Immun 2007; 75:5483-8. [PMID: 17785471 PMCID: PMC2168288 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00747-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bovine Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Argentina are nontypeable (NT), i.e., they do not produce serotype 5 or 8 capsular polysaccharides (CPs). Some of these NT strains have a deletion of the cap5(8) gene cluster mediated by a variant of IS257, now designated IScap. IScap showed 93% amino acid identity to S. aureus ORF49 but only 85% identity to IS431 from S. aureus N315 and 88% identity to an IS257-like element from bovine strain RF122. Thirty-six (53%) of 68 bovine isolates, drawn from a previously described S. aureus strain collection, carried some variant of IS257, including IScap. Of these 36 IS+ isolates, 6 were CP5+, 1 was CP8+, and 29 were NT. Forty-four of the 68 isolates were NT, and 24 of these 44 NT isolates (55%) exhibited IScap-mediated deletion of the cap5(8) gene cluster. IScap was not found among 20 human NT S. aureus isolates bearing the cap5HIJK genes, which suggests that IScap-mediated deletion of the capsule locus is restricted to bovine strains of S. aureus. We were unable to identify a precursor strain in which IScap flanked the cap5(8) capsule locus, nor were we able to select for deletion of the cap5(8) locus in vitro. Our results support the hypothesis that deletion of the cap5 locus occurred in the distant past and that the relative abundance of these NT strains may be a result of their ability to persist in subclinical mastitis infection in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P N Tuchscherr
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 P-12, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chiou CC, Shih IH, Chang YC, Lee JC, Kuo SC, Hong HS, Yang CH. Thalidomide-induced severe facial erythema in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Clin Pract 2007; 61:1415-7. [PMID: 17627717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.00835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Abstract
Overuse injuries are a common finding in elite athletes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the optimal method for the diagnosis of overuse injury in athletes of all levels. We present a review of common and important overuse injuries occurring in elite athletes. A systematic approach based on the functional anatomic units - tendons, bones and joints - may assist in diagnosis of these injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Koh
- Department of Radiology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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48
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Abstract
Despite the widespread use of methotrexate in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), there are patients who are either refractory, develop toxicity to, or refuse to take methotrexate. In search of an alternative, we studied long-term tolerability of and clinical response to azathioprine (AZA) in PsA patients in comparison with matched controls and followed them in a longitudinal clinic. Twenty-eight of 485 patients followed prospectively between 1978 and 1998 took AZA during their clinic follow-ups. Eighteen of the 28 took AZA for 12 months and were included in the study. AZA was well tolerated by most patients, even in the long-term. Although there was no statistically significant difference in the reduction in number of actively inflamed joints between AZA-treated patients and controls, and AZA was no better in preventing progression of damage, AZA was still as good as the other medications. Consequently, AZA was often given to individuals who had not responded to other medications in the past. We provide illustrative case reports in which AZA also controlled psoriasis, and we conclude that, whereas AZA is not superior to other medications in the treatment of PsA, it may be safely used and it provides an alternative therapy for patients with PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Lee
- The Psoriatic Arthritis Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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49
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Lee JC, Guy S, Connell D, Saifuddin A, Lambert S. MRI of the rotator interval of the shoulder. Clin Radiol 2007; 62:416-23. [PMID: 17398265 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2006.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2006] [Revised: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The rotator interval of the shoulder joint is located between the distal edges of the supraspinatus and subscapularis tendons and contains the insertions of the coracohumeral and superior glenohumeral ligaments. These structures form a complex pulley system that stabilizes the long head of the biceps tendon as it enters the bicipital groove of the humeral head. The rotator interval is the site of a variety of pathological processes including biceps tendon lesions, adhesive capsulitis and anterosuperior internal impingement. This article describes the anatomy, function and pathology of the rotator interval using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Lee
- Department of Radiology, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
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50
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Abstract
PURPOSE Published clinical trials support the use of 0.2 to 0.4 percent nitroglycerin ointment for the treatment of an anal fissure, although no product is yet available in the United States. In 2004, 84,000 prescriptions were written for compounded nitroglycerin ointment. This study was designed to evaluate the quality of extemporaneously compounded nitroglycerin ointment. METHODS Prescriptions for 0.3 percent nitroglycerin ointment were filled at retail pharmacies and shipped to analytical laboratory for analysis by their validated method. RESULTS Five of 24 (20.8 percent) samples did not meet the United States Pharmacopoeia requirement for content uniformity of 90 to 110 percent and< 6 percent relative standard deviation. Seven of 24 samples (29.2 percent) were subpotent based on the United States Pharmacopoeia requirement of 90 to 115 percent of label claim, and 1 sample was suprapotent. When considered for potency and/or content uniformity, 11 of 24 (45.8 percent) were misbranded and poor quality. CONCLUSIONS Forty-six percent of the nitroglycerin ointment products compounded by 24 pharmacies did not meet the United States Pharmacopoeia specifications for potency and/or content uniformity when filling a prescription for 0.3 percent nitroglycerin ointment. These results raise significant issues regarding whether patients are put at undue risk relative to the relief of anal fissure pain. The pain associated with chronic anal fissure is severe, often debilitating, and may affect the patient's ability to work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Azarnoff
- D.L. Azarnoff Associates, LLC, Burlingame, California 94010-2011, USA.
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