1
|
Aggarwal S, Balaji S, Madhumathi J, Bhargava A, Singh T, Mahajan N, Ambalkar D. Patterns of human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance mutations in people living with human immunodeficiency virus in India: A scoping review. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2022; 43:13-19. [PMID: 35846552 PMCID: PMC9282713 DOI: 10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
2
|
Kumar MS, Madhumathi J, Gayathri K, Rozario AG, Vijayaprabha R, Balusamy M, Sonekar H, Panda S. Community voices around COVID-19 vaccine in Chennai, India: A qualitative exploration during early phase of vaccine rollout. Indian J Med Res 2022; 155:451-460. [PMID: 35975352 PMCID: PMC9807211 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_668_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Globally, vaccination is considered as an important public health strategy to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the current study was to conduct an in-depth inquiry to explore perceptions of community members around COVID-19 vaccines in the southern city of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. This was conducted during the early phase of the vaccine rollout programme in India. Methods A qualitative investigation was conducted between January-February 2021 through in-depth interviews. Healthcare workers, religious leaders, community influencers, local administrators and representatives of marginalized communities were included. The key informant interview guides and probes explored five domains; (i) vaccine availability, (ii) trust in COVID-19 vaccines, (iii) vaccine-related concerns, (iv) health/risk balance and (v) vaccine prioritization. Transcripted interviews were coded using a thematic approach and analyzed manually as well as with the help of ATLAS.ti 9 software. Results Eagerness to receive COVID-19 vaccines amongst some of the respondents was linked with freedom from fear, possible restoration of normalcy, protection of family and ability to travel and work abroad. Concerns around threat of emergence of new variants, damage caused by such viral mutants and trust in policymakers were other facilitatory influencers for vaccine uptake. On the other hand, doubts surrounding safety and fear of side effects of COVID-19 vaccine were the feeders to vaccine hesitancy. Lack of accurate information, sensational media reports and rumours exacerbated this fear and provoked anxiety among people. Apprehensions around COVID-19 vaccine in the wake of its rapid development and approval for use and reluctance to take it during the declining phase of the epidemic were identified as other inhibitory factors. Participants underlined the importance of having responsive communication strategies in place focussing on vaccine safety. Making vaccines available to people free of cost and ensuring wider access were other programmatic suggestions. Interpretation & conclusions In conclusion, our study findings suggest that it is essential to remain engaged with communities and execute evidence-based information dissemination strategy about the safety and efficacy of the vaccines. We identified that it is also imperative to sensitize and train media professionals on how to report side effects related to vaccines. Responsive communication strategies will thus have the potential to serve as a key public health approach pertaining to future pandemic preparedness as well as to manage the demands of clinical and public health issues in an ongoing pandemic situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar
- ICMR School of Public Health, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayaprakasam Madhumathi
- Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - K. Gayathri
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amanda G.A. Rozario
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Vijayaprabha
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Balusamy
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harshal Sonekar
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samiran Panda
- Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India,For correspondence: Dr Samiran Panda, (Former) Additional Director General, Indian Council of Medical Research, V. Ramalingaswami Bhawan, P.O. Box No. 4911, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aggarwal S, Balaji S, Singh T, Menon GR, Mandal S, Madhumathi J, Mahajan N, Kohli S, Kaur J, Singh H, Rade K, Panda S. Association between ambient air pollutants and meteorological factors with SARS-CoV-2 transmission and mortality in India: an exploratory study. Environ Health 2021; 20:120. [PMID: 34794454 PMCID: PMC8601781 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a serious public health concern worldwide. Certain regions of the globe were severely affected in terms of prevalence and mortality than other. Although the cause for this pattern is not clearly understood, lessons learned from previous epidemics and emerging evidences suggest the major role of ecological factors like ambient air pollutants (AAP) and meteorological parameters in increased COVID-19 incidence. The present study aimed to understand the impact of these factors on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and their associated mortality in major cities of India. METHODS This study used secondary AAP, meteorological and COVID-19 data from official websites for the period January-November 2020, which were divided into Pre-lockdown (January-March 2020), Phase I (April to June 2020) and Phase II (July to November 2020) in India. After comprehensive screening, five major cities that includes 48 CPCB monitoring stations collecting daily data of ambient temperature, particulate matter PM2.5 and 10 were analysed. Spearman and Kendall's rank correlation test was performed to understand the association between SARS-CoV-2 transmission and AAP and, meteorological variables. Similarly, case fatality rate (CFR) was determined to compute the correlation between AAP and COVID-19 related morality. RESULTS The level of air pollutants in major cities were significantly reduced during Phase I compared to Pre-lock down and increased upon Phase II in all the cities. During the Phase II in Delhi, the strong significant positive correlation was observed between the AAP and SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, in Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai AAP levels were moderate and no correlation was noticed. The relation between AT and SARS-CoV-2 transmission was inconclusive as both positive and negative correlation observed. In addition, Delhi and Kolkata showed a positive association between long-term exposure to the AAP and COVID-19 CFR. CONCLUSION Our findings support the hypothesis that the particulate matter upon exceeding the satisfactory level serves as an important cofactor in increasing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and related mortality. These findings would help public health experts to understand the SARS-CoV-2 transmission against ecological variables in India and provides supporting evidence to healthcare policymakers and government agencies for formulating strategies to combat the COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Aggarwal
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research-Headquarters, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sivaraman Balaji
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research-Headquarters, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Tanvi Singh
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research-Headquarters, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Geetha R Menon
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sandip Mandal
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research-Headquarters, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Jayaprakasam Madhumathi
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research-Headquarters, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Nupur Mahajan
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research-Headquarters, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Simran Kohli
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research-Headquarters, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Jasmine Kaur
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research-Headquarters, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research-Headquarters, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Kiran Rade
- World Health Organization, New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Samiran Panda
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research-Headquarters, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aggarwal S, Ambalkar D, Madhumathi J, Badge V, Humne A. Menstrual Hygiene Practices of Adolescent Girls in Rural Maharashtra. Indian Journal of Gender Studies 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0971521520974879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Menstrual practices of adolescent girls in rural parts of India are greatly influenced by taboos and socio-cultural beliefs. In this study, the menstrual hygiene practices and beliefs of 122 adolescent girls between the ages of 13 and 19 years from rural Maharashtra were evaluated by personal interview and questionnaires. None of the girls had the right scientific knowledge about menstruation and were isolated during menstruation. They used cloth or home-made sanitary pads and were at risk of infections. There is a dire need for knowledge dissemination among school children and their families, increased awareness of menstrual hygiene and access to the requisite sanitary products in rural areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Aggarwal
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, DHR, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Ambalkar
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Akola, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayaprakasam Madhumathi
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, DHR, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Badge
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Akola, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arun Humne
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Akola, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in India has become a great threat because of high rate of infectious diseases. One of the key contributing factors is high antibiotic use due to poor prescription practices, self-medication, over-the-counter sale of drugs and lack of awareness. Antimicrobial stewardship programme (AMSP) have been proved to be successful in restraining sale and use of antibiotics to a large extent in many countries. An AMSP programme for a hospital is imperative for rational and evidence-based antimicrobial therapy. The ultimate aim is to improve patient outcomes, reduce emergence of bacterial resistance and ensure longevity of the existing antimicrobials. The primary goal of AMSP is to encourage cautious use of available antibiotics by training the healthcare workers and creating awareness. This article describes the strategies and recommendations for formulation of AMSP policy for India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Walia
- Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - V C Ohri
- Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Jayaprakasam Madhumathi
- Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Walia K, Madhumathi J, Veeraraghavan B, Chakrabarti A, Kapil A, Ray P, Singh H, Sistla S, Ohri VC. Establishing Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance & Research Network in India: Journey so far. Indian J Med Res 2019; 149:164-179. [PMID: 31219080 PMCID: PMC6563732 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_226_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Indian Council of Medical Research, in 2013, initiated the Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance & Research Network (AMRSN) to enable compilation of data on six pathogenic groups on antimicrobial resistance from the country. The overarching aim of this network was to understand the extent and pattern of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and use this evidence to guide strategies to control the spread of AMR. This article describes the conception and implementation of this AMR surveillance network for India. Also described are the challenges, limitations and benefits of this approach. Data from the Network have shown increasing resistance in Gram-negative bacteria in the hospitals that are part of this network. Combined resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones and increasing carbapenem resistance are worrisome, as it has an important bearing on the patients’ outcome and thus needs to be addressed urgently. Data generated through this Network have been used to develop treatment guidelines, which will be supportive in harmonizing treatment practices across the tertiary level healthcare institutions in the country. While, the major benefit of having a surveillance system is the collection of real-time accurate data on AMR including the mechanisms of resistance, representativeness to community, sustaining the current effort and expanding the current activities to next levels of healthcare settings are the major challenges. The data emanating from the network besides providing evidence, expose several gaps and lacunae in the ecosystem and highlight opportunities for action by multiple stakeholders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Walia
- Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Jayaprakasam Madhumathi
- Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Arunaloke Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arti Kapil
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pallab Ray
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Division of Informatics, Systems & Research Management, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujatha Sistla
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
| | - V C Ohri
- Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rajaiah Prabhu P, Moorthy SD, Madhumathi J, Pradhan SN, Perbandt M, Betzel C, Kaliraj P. Wucherria bancrofti glutathione S-Transferase: Insights into the 2.3 Å resolution X-ray structure and function, a therapeutic target for human lymphatic filariasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:979-984. [PMID: 30297111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The notoriety of parasitic nematode survival is directly related to chronic pathogenicity, which is evident in human lymphatic filariasis. It is a disease of poverty which causes severe disability affecting more than 120 million people worldwide. These nematodes down-regulate host immune system through a myriad of strategies that includes secretion of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes like glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs). Earlier studies have shown Wuchereria bancrofti GST to be a potential therapeutic target. Parasite GSTs catalyse the conjugation of glutathione to xenobiotic and other endogenous electrophiles and are essential for their long-term survival in lymph tissues. Hence, the crystal structure of WbGST along with its cofactor GSH at 2.3 Å resolution was determined. Structural comparisons against host GST reveal distinct differences in the substrate binding sites. The parasite xenobiotic binding site is more substrate/solvent accessible. The structure also suggests the presence of putative non-catalytic binding sites that may permit sequestration of endogenous and exogenous ligands. The structure of WbGST also provides a case for the role of the π-cation interaction in stabilizing catalytic Tyr compared to stabilization interactions described for other GSTs. Hence, the obtained information regarding crucial differences in the active sites will support future design of parasite specific inhibitors. Further, the study also evaluates the inhibition of WbGST and its variants by antifilarial diethylcarbamazine through kinetic assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Markus Perbandt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Betzel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Madhumathi J, Sridevi S, Verma RS. CD25 targeted therapy of chemotherapy resistant leukemic stem cells using DR5 specific TRAIL peptide. Stem Cell Res 2017; 19:65-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
9
|
Madhumathi J, Sridevi S, Verma RS. Novel TNF-related Apoptotic-inducing Ligand-based Immunotoxin for Therapeutic Targeting of CD25 Positive Leukemia. Target Oncol 2016; 11:535-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-016-0424-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
10
|
Madhumathi J, Devilakshmi S, Sridevi S, Verma RS. Immunotoxin therapy for hematologic malignancies: where are we heading? Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:325-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
11
|
Anugraha G, Madhumathi J, Prince PR, Prita PJJ, Khatri VK, Amdare NP, Reddy MVR, Kaliraj P. Chimeric Epitope Vaccine from Multistage Antigens for Lymphatic Filariasis. Scand J Immunol 2015; 82:380-9. [PMID: 26179420 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis, a mosquito-borne parasitic disease, affects more than 120 million people worldwide. Vaccination for filariasis by targeting different stages of the parasite will be a boon to the existing MDA efforts of WHO which required repeated administration of the drug to reduce the infection level and sustained transmission. Onset of a filaria-specific immune response achieved through antigen vaccines can act synergistically with these drugs to enhance the parasite killing. Multi-epitope vaccine approach has been proved to be successful against several parasitic diseases as it overcomes the limitations associated with the whole antigen vaccines. Earlier results from our group suggested the protective efficacy of multi-epitope vaccine comprising two immunodominant epitopes from Brugia malayi antioxidant thioredoxin (TRX), several epitopes from transglutaminase (TGA) and abundant larval transcript-2 (ALT-2). In this study, the prophylactic efficacy of the filarial epitope protein (FEP), a chimera of selective epitopes identified from our earlier study, was tested in a murine model (jird) of filariasis with L3 larvae. FEP conferred a significantly (P < 0.0001) high protection (69.5%) over the control in jirds. We also observed that the multi-epitope recombinant construct (FEP) induces multiple types of protective immune responses, thus ensuring the successful elimination of the parasite; this poses FEP as a potential vaccine candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Anugraha
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - J Madhumathi
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - P R Prince
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - P J Jeya Prita
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - V K Khatri
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, India
| | - N P Amdare
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, India
| | - M V R Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, India
| | - P Kaliraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Anugraha G, Madhumathi J, Jeya Prita PJ, Kaliraj P. Biodegradable poly-l-lactide based microparticles as controlled release delivery system for filarial vaccine candidate antigens. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 747:174-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
13
|
Madhumathi J, Prince P, Anugraha G, Rao D, Reddy M, Kaliraj P. Multi-epitope peptide vaccines for human lymphatic filariasis. Int J Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
14
|
Pradhan SN, Prince PR, Madhumathi J, Arunkumar C, Roy P, Narayanan RB, Antony U. DNA vaccination with VP2 gene fragment confers protection against Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in chickens. Vet Microbiol 2014; 171:13-22. [PMID: 24745626 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) causes immunosuppression in young chickens by destruction of antibody producing B cells in the Bursa of Fabricius and poses a potential threat to the poultry industry. We have examined the protective efficacy of a subunit DNA vaccine against IBDV infection in chickens in this study. An immunodominant VP2 gene fragment (VP252-417) was cloned into CMV promoter based DNA vaccine vector pVAX1 and in vitro expression of the DNA encoded antigens was confirmed by transfection of CHO cells with vaccine constructs followed by RT-PCR and western blot analysis using IBDV-antiserum. Two weeks old chickens were immunized intramuscularly with pVAXVP252-417 and the in vivo transcription of the plasmid DNA was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis of DNA injected muscle tissue at different intervals of post immunization. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that the plasmid DNA was extensively distributed in muscle, spleen, kidney, liver, and bursa tissues. Chickens immunized with pVAXVP252-417 developed high titer (1:12,000) of anti-VP252-417 antibodies. Further, chicken splenocytes from pVAXVP252-417 immunized group showed a significantly high proliferation to the whole viral and recombinant antigen (P<0.01) compared to control groups, which implies that pVAXVP252-417 codes for immunogenic fragment which has epitopes capable of eliciting both B and T cell responses. This is evident by the fact that, pVAXVP252-417 immunized chicken conferred 75% protection against virulent IBDV (vIBDV) challenge compared to the control group. Thus, the present study confirms that the immunodominant VP2 fragment can be used as a potential DNA vaccine against IBDV infection in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Parimal Roy
- Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600051, India
| | | | - Usha Antony
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai 600025, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pradhan SN, Prince PR, Madhumathi J, Roy P, Narayanan RB, Antony U. Protective immune responses of recombinant VP2 subunit antigen of infectious bursal disease virus in chickens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 148:293-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
16
|
Madhumathi J, Prince PR, Gayatri SC, Aparnaa R, Kaliraj P. Identification of a highly immunoreactive epitope of Brugia malayi TPx recognized by the endemic sera. J Parasitol 2010; 96:1228-9. [PMID: 21158641 DOI: 10.1645/ge-2532.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Filarial thiordoxin peroxidase is a major antioxidant that plays a crucial role in parasite survival. Although Brugia malayi TPx has been shown to be a potential vaccine candidate, it shares 63% homology with its mammalian counterpart, limiting its use as a vaccine or drug target. In silico analysis of TPx sequence revealed a linear B epitope in the host's nonhomologous region. The peptide sequence (TPx peptide(27-48)) was synthesized, and its reactivity with clinical sera from an endemic region was analyzed. The peptide showed significantly high reactivity (P < 0.05) against the sera of putatively immune individuals compared to the nonendemic control sera. It also showed high reactivity against the sera of patients with chronic pathology and patent infection. The high reactivity of the peptide with endemic immune sera equivalent to that of whole protein shows that it forms a dominant B epitope of TPx protein and thus could be utilized for incorporation into a multiepitope vaccine construct for filariasis.
Collapse
|