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Hachef A, Bourguiba H, Cherif E, Ivorra S, Terral JF, Zehdi-Azouzi S. Agro-morphological traits assessment of Tunisian male date palms ( Phœnix dactylifera L.) for preservation and sustainable utilization of local germplasm. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103574. [PMID: 36816729 PMCID: PMC9929592 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Date palm (Phœnix dactylifera L.) like other crop species in the arid Mediterranean region is being threatened by genetic erosion and climate change. Therefore, the understanding and assessment of the diversity extent of this species is a primary requisite for preserving these crop resources. This study was designed to quantify the potential of Tunisian male date palms using a set of agro-morphological characteristics i.e. flowering traits, inflorescence morphology and pollen quality. The flowering time traits exhibited a trend of precocious phenotype at emergence spathe trait and the dominance of the full-season phenotype at the opening date. At inflorescence morphology, all observed traits expressed wide ranges which reflected the broad variability of the evaluated male genotypes. Significant difference was recorded for the majority of the examined traits with a high significant variation in the tree quantitative traits: Spathe Total Length, Spathe Maximum Width and Length to the brunched part. Pollen viability ranged from 51.10% to 98.75% while the germination rate was between 0.90% and 70.50%. Our phenotypic investigation has allowed the identification of males with desirable agronomic traits which have been genotyped using 18 nuclear SSR markers and a chloroplast minisatellite for preservation and effective utilization purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifa Hachef
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Campus Universitaire, 2092 El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hédia Bourguiba
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Campus Universitaire, 2092 El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emira Cherif
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Campus Universitaire, 2092 El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sarah Ivorra
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Salwa Zehdi-Azouzi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Campus Universitaire, 2092 El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Corresponding author.
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Kaniewski D, Marriner N, Morhange C, Khater C, Terral JF, Besnard G, Otto T, Luce F, Couillebault Q, Tsitsou L, Pourkerman M, Cheddadi R. Climate change threatens olive oil production in the Levant. Nat Plants 2023; 9:219-227. [PMID: 36702932 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is one of the species best adapted to a Mediterranean-type climate1-8. Nonetheless, the Mediterranean Basin is deemed to be a climate change 'hotspot' by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change9,10 because future model projections suggest considerable warming and drying11,12. Within this context, new environmental challenges will arise in the coming decades, which will both weaken and threaten olive-growing areas, leading to a loss of productivity and changes in fruit and oil quality13-15. Olive growing, a core of the Mediterranean economy, might soon be under stress. To probe the link between climate and olive trees, we here report 5,400 years of olive tree dynamics from the ancient city of Tyre, Lebanon. We show that optimal fruiting scales closely with temperature. Present-day and palaeo data define an optimal annual average temperature of 16.9 ± 0.3 °C for olive flowering that has existed at least since the Neolithic period. According to our projections, during the second half of the twenty-first century, temperature increases in Lebanon will have detrimental consequences on olive tree growth and olive oil production, especially in the country's southern regions, which will become too hot for optimal flowering and fruiting. These data provide a template to understand present and future thresholds of olive production under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kaniewski
- TRACES, UMR 5608 CNRS, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France.
- Département de Biologie et Géosciences, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
| | - Nick Marriner
- CNRS, ThéMA, Université de Franche-Comté, UMR 6049, MSHE Ledoux, Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Morhange
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Collège de France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
- EPHE-Section des Sciences Historiques et Philologiques, AOROC, UMR 8546, CNRS/PSL, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Carla Khater
- Center for Remote Sensing, National Council for Scientific Research - Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Guillaume Besnard
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, IRD, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Otto
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Luce
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Quentin Couillebault
- TRACES, UMR 5608 CNRS, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CCJ, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Labrini Tsitsou
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Collège de France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Majid Pourkerman
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences (INIOAS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Rachid Cheddadi
- Université Montpellier II, CNRS-UM-IRD, ISEM, Montpellier, France
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Kassout J, Ater M, Ivorra S, Barbara H, Limier B, Ros J, Girard V, Paradis L, Terral JF. Resisting Aridification: Adaptation of Sap Conduction Performance in Moroccan Wild Olive Subspecies Distributed Over an Aridity Gradient. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:663721. [PMID: 34276726 PMCID: PMC8283533 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.663721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the current context of global change, the increasing frequency and the length of drought periods are testing the resistance capacities of plants of dry habitats. However, although the adaptation of plants to drought has been widely studied, the anatomical features of wood influencing the functional responses of plants to drought are still lacking at the intraspecific level, especially for species with a wide geographical distribution. As a result, we have studied the variation of wood anatomical traits related to sap conduction (i.e., vessel surface area, vessel density, and number of vessels joined by radial file) in two wild olive subspecies distributed in Morocco (i.e., Olea europaea subsp. europaea. var. sylvestris and Olea europaea subsp. maroccana), in relation to various drought conditions. This functional study, based on wood trait measurements of 351 samples from 130 trees and 13 populations, explores potential sap conduction in relation to environmental parameters and as a result, strategies to resist water stress. We found that (1) branch diameter (BD) captured 78% of total wood trait variation, (2) vessel size (SVS) expressed 32% of intraspecific variation according to cambium age, and (3) the positive relationship between SVS and BD could be explained by climate type, vegetation cover changes, and therefore available water resources. Taking into consideration the diameter of the branch as the main factor of anatomical variation, established reaction norms (linear models) at the intrapopulation scale of vessel lumen area according to aridity show for the first time how the functioning of the cambium modulates and controls sap conduction, according to aridity and thus available water resources. They pinpoint the risks incurred by the wild olive tree in the perspective of a dramatic increase in aridity, in particular, the inability of the cambium to produce large enough vessels to efficiently transport sap and irrigate the leaves. Finally, this study opens new and interesting avenues for studying at a Mediterranean scale, the resistance and the vulnerability of wild forms and cultivated varieties of olive to heterogeneous and changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Kassout
- Laboratoire Botanique Appliquée, Equipe bio-Agrodiversité, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tétouan, Morocco
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, Equipe DBA, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Associated International Laboratory/International Research Project EVOLEA, INEE-CNRS, France – Morocco, Montpellier, France
| | - Mohammed Ater
- Laboratoire Botanique Appliquée, Equipe bio-Agrodiversité, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tétouan, Morocco
- Associated International Laboratory/International Research Project EVOLEA, INEE-CNRS, France – Morocco, Montpellier, France
| | - Sarah Ivorra
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, Equipe DBA, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Associated International Laboratory/International Research Project EVOLEA, INEE-CNRS, France – Morocco, Montpellier, France
| | - Hicham Barbara
- Laboratoire Botanique Appliquée, Equipe bio-Agrodiversité, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tétouan, Morocco
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, Equipe DBA, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Associated International Laboratory/International Research Project EVOLEA, INEE-CNRS, France – Morocco, Montpellier, France
| | - Bertrand Limier
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, Equipe DBA, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Associated International Laboratory/International Research Project EVOLEA, INEE-CNRS, France – Morocco, Montpellier, France
- INRAE, Centre Occitanie-Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Ros
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, Equipe DBA, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Associated International Laboratory/International Research Project EVOLEA, INEE-CNRS, France – Morocco, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Girard
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, Equipe DBA, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Associated International Laboratory/International Research Project EVOLEA, INEE-CNRS, France – Morocco, Montpellier, France
| | - Laure Paradis
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, Equipe DBA, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Associated International Laboratory/International Research Project EVOLEA, INEE-CNRS, France – Morocco, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Frédéric Terral
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, Equipe DBA, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Associated International Laboratory/International Research Project EVOLEA, INEE-CNRS, France – Morocco, Montpellier, France
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Bonhomme V, Picq S, Ivorra S, Evin A, Pastor T, Bacilieri R, Lacombe T, Figueiral I, Terral JF, Bouby L. Eco-evo-devo implications and archaeobiological perspectives of trait covariance in fruits of wild and domesticated grapevines. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239863. [PMID: 33156832 PMCID: PMC7647109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenotypic changes that occurred during the domestication and diversification of grapevine are well known, particularly changes in seed morphology, but the functional causes and consequences behind these variations are poorly understood. Wild and domesticate grapes differ, among others, in the form of their pips: wild grapes produce roundish pips with short stalks and cultivated varieties have more elongated pips with longer stalks. Such variations of form are of first importance for archaeobotany since the pip form is, most often, the only remaining information in archaeological settings. This study aims to enlighten archaeobotanical record and grapevine pip development by better understanding how size and shape (co)variates between pip and berry in both wild and domesticated Vitis vinifera. The covariation of berry size, number of seeds per berry (“piposity”), pip size and pip shape were explored on 49 grapevine accessions sampled among Euro-Mediterranean traditional cultivars and wild grapevines. We show that for wild grapevine, the higher the piposity, the bigger the berry and the more elongated the pip. For both wild and domesticated grapevine, the longer is the pip, the more it has a “domesticated” shape. Consequences for archaeobotanical studies are tested and discussed, and these covariations allowed the inference of berry dimensions from archaeological pips from a Southern France Roman site. This systematic exploration sheds light on new aspects of pip-berry relationship, in both size and shape, on grapevine eco-evo-devo changes during domestication, and invites to explore further the functional ecology of grapevine pip and berry and notably the impact of cultivation practices and human selection on grapevine morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Bonhomme
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Équipe « Dynamique de la biodiversité, anthropo-écologie », CC065 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Sandrine Picq
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Équipe « Dynamique de la biodiversité, anthropo-écologie », CC065 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah Ivorra
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Équipe « Dynamique de la biodiversité, anthropo-écologie », CC065 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Allowen Evin
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Équipe « Dynamique de la biodiversité, anthropo-écologie », CC065 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Thierry Pastor
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Équipe « Dynamique de la biodiversité, anthropo-écologie », CC065 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Roberto Bacilieri
- UMR AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Equipe « Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne », Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Lacombe
- UMR AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Equipe « Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne », Montpellier, France
| | - Isabel Figueiral
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Équipe « Dynamique de la biodiversité, anthropo-écologie », CC065 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Frédéric Terral
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Équipe « Dynamique de la biodiversité, anthropo-écologie », CC065 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Laurent Bouby
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Équipe « Dynamique de la biodiversité, anthropo-écologie », CC065 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Sallon S, Cherif E, Chabrillange N, Solowey E, Gros-Balthazard M, Ivorra S, Terral JF, Egli M, Aberlenc F. Origins and insights into the historic Judean date palm based on genetic analysis of germinated ancient seeds and morphometric studies. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaax0384. [PMID: 32076636 PMCID: PMC7002127 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Germination of 2000-year-old seeds of Phoenix dactylifera from Judean desert archaeological sites provides a unique opportunity to study the Judean date palm, described in antiquity for the quality, size, and medicinal properties of its fruit, but lost for centuries. Microsatellite genotyping of germinated seeds indicates that exchanges of genetic material occurred between the Middle East (eastern) and North Africa (western) date palm gene pools, with older seeds exhibiting a more eastern nuclear genome on a gradient from east to west of genetic contributions. Ancient seeds were significantly longer and wider than modern varieties, supporting historical records of the large size of the Judean date. These findings, in accord with the region's location between east and west date palm gene pools, suggest that sophisticated agricultural practices may have contributed to the Judean date's historical reputation. Given its exceptional storage potentialities, the date palm is a remarkable model for seed longevity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sallon
- Louis L. Borick Natural Medicine Research Center (NMRC), Hadassah Medical Organization, 91120 Jerusalem
- Corresponding author. (S.S.); (F.A.)
| | - Emira Cherif
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Chabrillange
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, Montpellier, France
| | - Elaine Solowey
- Arava Institute of Environmental Studies (AIES), Kibbutz Ketura 88840, Israel
| | - Muriel Gros-Balthazard
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS/Université de Montpellier/IRD/EPHE, Equipe Dynamique de la Biodiversité, Anthropo-écologie, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sarah Ivorra
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS/Université de Montpellier/IRD/EPHE, Equipe Dynamique de la Biodiversité, Anthropo-écologie, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Frédéric Terral
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS/Université de Montpellier/IRD/EPHE, Equipe Dynamique de la Biodiversité, Anthropo-écologie, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Markus Egli
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frédérique Aberlenc
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, Montpellier, France
- Corresponding author. (S.S.); (F.A.)
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Adroit B, Girard V, Kunzmann L, Terral JF, Wappler T. Plant-insect interactions patterns in three European paleoforests of the late-Neogene-early-Quaternary. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5075. [PMID: 29942705 PMCID: PMC6015487 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and insects are constantly interacting in complex ways through forest communities since hundreds of millions of years. Those interactions are often related to variations in the climate. Climate change, due to human activities, may have disturbed these relationships in modern ecosystems. Fossil leaf assemblages are thus good opportunities to survey responses of plant-insect interactions to climate variations over the time. The goal of this study is to discuss the possible causes of the differences of plant-insect interactions' patterns in European paleoforests from the Neogene-Quaternary transition. This was accomplished through three fossil leaf assemblages: Willershausen, Berga (both from the late Neogene of Germany) and Bernasso (from the early Quaternary of France). In Willershausen it has been measured that half of the leaves presented insect interactions, 35% of the fossil leaves were impacted by insects in Bernasso and only 25% in Berga. The largest proportion of these interactions in Bernasso were categorized as specialist (mainly due to galling) while in Willershausen and Berga those ones were significantly more generalist. Contrary to previous studies, this study did not support the hypothesis that the mean annual precipitation and temperature were the main factors that impacted the different plant-insect interactions' patterns. However, for the first time, our results tend to support that the hydric seasonality and the mean temperature of the coolest months could be potential factors influencing fossil plant-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Adroit
- Steinmann Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Palaeontology, Division Palaeontology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Girard
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lutz Kunzmann
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jean-Frédéric Terral
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Torsten Wappler
- Steinmann Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Palaeontology, Division Palaeontology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Besnard G, Terral JF, Cornille A. On the origins and domestication of the olive: a review and perspectives. Ann Bot 2018; 121:385-403. [PMID: 29293871 PMCID: PMC5838823 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Unravelling domestication processes is crucial for understanding how species respond to anthropogenic pressures, forecasting crop responses to future global changes and improving breeding programmes. Domestication processes for clonally propagated perennials differ markedly from those for seed-propagated annual crops, mostly due to long generation times, clonal propagation and recurrent admixture with local forms, leading to a limited number of generations of selection from wild ancestors. However, additional case studies are required to document this process more fully. Scope The olive is an iconic species in Mediterranean cultural history. Its multiple uses and omnipresence in traditional agrosystems have made this species an economic pillar and cornerstone of Mediterranean agriculture. However, major questions about the domestication history of the olive remain unanswered. New paleobotanical, archeological, historical and molecular data have recently accumulated for olive, making it timely to carry out a critical re-evaluation of the biogeography of wild olives and the history of their cultivation. We review here the chronological history of wild olives and discuss the questions that remain unanswered, or even unasked, about their domestication history in the Mediterranean Basin. We argue that more detailed ecological genomics studies of wild and cultivated olives are crucial to improve our understanding of olive domestication. Multidisciplinary research integrating genomics, metagenomics and community ecology will make it possible to decipher the evolutionary ecology of one of the most iconic domesticated fruit trees worldwide. Conclusion The olive is a relevant model for improving our knowledge of domestication processes in clonally propagated perennial crops, particularly those of the Mediterranean Basin. Future studies on the ecological and genomic shifts linked to domestication in olive and its associated community will provide insight into the phenotypic and molecular bases of crop adaptation to human uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Besnard
- CNRS-UPS-ENSFEA-IRD, EDB, UMR 5174, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse Cedex , France
| | - Jean-Frédéric Terral
- ISEM, UMR 5554, CNRS-Université de Montpellier-IRD-EPHE, Equipe Dynamique de la Biodiversité, Anthropo-écologie, Montpellier Cedex, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA, CNRS) EVOLea, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Cornille
- Center for Adaptation to a Changing Environment, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- GQE - Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Besnard G, Terral JF, Cornille A. On the origins and domestication of the olive: a review and perspectives. Ann Bot 2018; 121:587-588. [PMID: 29390111 PMCID: PMC5838833 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
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Gros-Balthazard M, Newton C, Ivorra S, Pierre MH, Pintaud JC, Terral JF. The Domestication Syndrome in Phoenix dactylifera Seeds: Toward the Identification of Wild Date Palm Populations. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152394. [PMID: 27010707 PMCID: PMC4807022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating crop origins is a priority to understand the evolution of plants under domestication, develop strategies for conservation and valorization of agrobiodiversity and acquire fundamental knowledge for cultivar improvement. The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) belongs to the genus Phoenix, which comprises 14 species morphologically very close, sometimes hardly distinguishable. It has been cultivated for millennia in the Middle East and in North Africa and constitutes the keystone of oasis agriculture. Yet, its origins remain poorly understood as no wild populations are identified. Uncultivated populations have been described but they might represent feral, i.e. formerly cultivated, abandoned forms rather than truly wild populations. In this context, this study based on morphometrics applied to 1625 Phoenix seeds aims to (1) differentiate Phoenix species and (2) depict the domestication syndrome observed in cultivated date palm seeds using other Phoenix species as a "wild" reference. This will help discriminate truly wild from feral forms, thus providing new insights into the evolutionary history of this species. Seed size was evaluated using four parameters: length, width, thickness and dorsal view surface. Seed shape was quantified using outline analyses based on the Elliptic Fourier Transform method. The size and shape of seeds allowed an accurate differentiation of Phoenix species. The cultivated date palm shows distinctive size and shape features, compared to other Phoenix species: seeds are longer and elongated. This morphological shift may be interpreted as a domestication syndrome, resulting from the long-term history of cultivation, selection and human-mediated dispersion. Based on seed attributes, some uncultivated date palms from Oman may be identified as wild. This opens new prospects regarding the possible existence and characterization of relict wild populations and consequently for the understanding of the date palm origins. Finally, we here describe a pipeline for the identification of the domestication syndrome in seeds that could be used in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Gros-Balthazard
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université - Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS / Université de Montpellier / IRD / EPHE, CC065, Equipe Dynamique de la Biodiversité, Anthropo-écologie, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- UMR DIADE, équipe DYNADIV, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 911 avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Claire Newton
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université - Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS / Université de Montpellier / IRD / EPHE, CC065, Equipe Dynamique de la Biodiversité, Anthropo-écologie, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Laboratoire d’Archéologie et de Patrimoine, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski (Qc), G5L 3AI, Canada
| | - Sarah Ivorra
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université - Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS / Université de Montpellier / IRD / EPHE, CC065, Equipe Dynamique de la Biodiversité, Anthropo-écologie, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Pierre
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université - Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS / Université de Montpellier / IRD / EPHE, CC065, Equipe Dynamique de la Biodiversité, Anthropo-écologie, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Pintaud
- UMR DIADE, équipe DYNADIV, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 911 avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Frédéric Terral
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université - Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS / Université de Montpellier / IRD / EPHE, CC065, Equipe Dynamique de la Biodiversité, Anthropo-écologie, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Picq S, Santoni S, Lacombe T, Latreille M, Weber A, Ardisson M, Ivorra S, Maghradze D, Arroyo-Garcia R, Chatelet P, This P, Terral JF, Bacilieri R. A small XY chromosomal region explains sex determination in wild dioecious V. vinifera and the reversal to hermaphroditism in domesticated grapevines. BMC Plant Biol 2014; 14:229. [PMID: 25179565 PMCID: PMC4167142 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Vitis vinifera L., domestication induced a dramatic change in flower morphology: the wild sylvestris subspecies is dioecious while hermaphroditism is largely predominant in the domesticated subsp. V. v. vinifera. The characterisation of polymorphisms in genes underlying the sex-determining chromosomal region may help clarify the history of domestication in grapevine and the evolution of sex chromosomes in plants. In the genus Vitis, sex determination is putatively controlled by one major locus with three alleles, male M, hermaphrodite H and female F, with an allelic dominance M > H > F. Previous genetic studies located the sex locus on chromosome 2. We used DNA polymorphisms of geographically diverse V. vinifera genotypes to confirm the position of this locus, to characterise the genetic diversity and traces of selection in candidate genes, and to explore the origin of hermaphroditism. RESULTS In V. v. sylvestris, a sex-determining region of 154.8 kb, also present in other Vitis species, spans less than 1% of chromosome 2. It displays haplotype diversity, linkage disequilibrium and differentiation that typically correspond to a small XY sex-determining region with XY males and XX females. In male alleles, traces of purifying selection were found for a trehalose phosphatase, an exostosin and a WRKY transcription factor, with strikingly low polymorphism levels between distant geographic regions. Both diversity and network analysis revealed that H alleles are more closely related to M than to F alleles. CONCLUSIONS Hermaphrodite alleles appear to derive from male alleles of wild grapevines, with successive recombination events allowing import of diversity from the X into the Y chromosomal region and slowing down the expansion of the region into a full heteromorphic chromosome. Our data are consistent with multiple domestication events and show traces of introgression from other Asian Vitis species into the cultivated grapevine gene pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Picq
- />Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d’Ecologie CBAE (UMR 5059 CNRS/Université Montpellier 2/EPHE/INRAP). Equipe Interactions, Biodiversité, Sociétés, Institut de Botanique, 163 rue Auguste Broussonet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Santoni
- />INRA, UMR 1334 AGAP, Equipe Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne, F34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Lacombe
- />INRA, UMR 1334 AGAP, Equipe Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne, F34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Muriel Latreille
- />INRA, UMR 1334 AGAP, Equipe Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne, F34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Weber
- />INRA, UMR 1334 AGAP, Equipe Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne, F34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Morgane Ardisson
- />INRA, UMR 1334 AGAP, Equipe Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne, F34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Sarah Ivorra
- />Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d’Ecologie CBAE (UMR 5059 CNRS/Université Montpellier 2/EPHE/INRAP). Equipe Interactions, Biodiversité, Sociétés, Institut de Botanique, 163 rue Auguste Broussonet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - David Maghradze
- />Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, Agrarian University of Georgia, University Campus at Digomi, David Aghmashenebeli Alley, 13-th km. 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Rosa Arroyo-Garcia
- />CBGP-INIA. Dpto Biotecnología, Campus de Montegancedo, Autovía M40, km38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid Spain
| | - Philippe Chatelet
- />INRA, UMR 1334 AGAP, Equipe Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne, F34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrice This
- />INRA, UMR 1334 AGAP, Equipe Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne, F34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Frédéric Terral
- />Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d’Ecologie CBAE (UMR 5059 CNRS/Université Montpellier 2/EPHE/INRAP). Equipe Interactions, Biodiversité, Sociétés, Institut de Botanique, 163 rue Auguste Broussonet, 34090 Montpellier, France
- />Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Roberto Bacilieri
- />INRA, UMR 1334 AGAP, Equipe Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne, F34060 Montpellier, France
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Gros-Balthazard M, Newton C, Ivorra S, MargaretaTengberg, Pintaud JC, Terral JF. Origines et domestication du palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.). ethnoecologie 2013. [DOI: 10.4000/ethnoecologie.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bouby L, Figueiral I, Bouchette A, Rovira N, Ivorra S, Lacombe T, Pastor T, Picq S, Marinval P, Terral JF. Bioarchaeological insights into the process of domestication of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) during Roman times in Southern France. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63195. [PMID: 23690998 PMCID: PMC3654964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera), one of the most important fruit species in the Classical Mediterranean world, is thought to have been domesticated first in South-Western Asia, during the Neolithic. However, the domestication process remains largely unknown. Crucial unanswered questions concern the duration of the process (rapid or slow?) and the related geographical area (single or multiple-origins?). Seeds from domesticated grapevine and from its wild ancestor are reported to differ according to shape. Our work aims, first, to confirm this difference and secondly to identify the extent of domestication in the grapes cultivated by Romans in Southern France during the period 50 BCE–500 CE. We had the opportunity to analyze uncharred waterlogged grape pips from 17 archaeological sites. Based on an extended reference sample of modern wild grapevines and cultivars our work shows that both subspecies can be discriminated using simple measurements. The elongation gradient of the pip’s body and stalk may be regarded as an indicator of the strength of the selection pressures undergone by domesticated grapes. Grapevines cultivated during the Roman period included a mix of morphotypes comprising wild, intermediate and moderately selected domesticated forms. Our data point to a relative shift towards more selected types during the Roman period. Domestication of the grapevine appears to have been a slow process. This could result from the recurrent incorporation into cultivation of plants originating from sexual reproduction, when grape cultivation essentially relies on vegetative propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Bouby
- CNRS, Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie (CBAE), UMR 5059, Montpellier, France.
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Kaniewski D, Van Campo E, Boiy T, Terral JF, Khadari B, Besnard G. Primary domestication and early uses of the emblematic olive tree: palaeobotanical, historical and molecular evidence from the Middle East. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2012; 87:885-99. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2012.00229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Terral JF, Tabard E, Bouby L, Ivorra S, Pastor T, Figueiral I, Picq S, Chevance JB, Jung C, Fabre L, Tardy C, Compan M, Bacilieri R, Lacombe T, This P. Evolution and history of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) under domestication: new morphometric perspectives to understand seed domestication syndrome and reveal origins of ancient European cultivars. Ann Bot 2010; 105:443-55. [PMID: 20034966 PMCID: PMC2826248 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In spite of the abundance of archaeological, bio-archaeological, historical and genetic data, the origins, historical biogeography, identity of ancient grapevine cultivars and mechanisms of domestication are still largely unknown. Here, analysis of variation in seed morphology aims to provide accurate criteria for the discrimination between wild grapes and modern cultivars and to understand changes in functional traits in relation to the domestication process. This approach is also used to quantify the phenotypic diversity in the wild and cultivated compartments and to provide a starting point for comparing well-preserved archaeological material, in order to elucidate the history of grapevine varieties. METHODS Geometrical analysis (elliptic Fourier transform method) was applied to grapevine seed outlines from modern wild individuals, cultivars and well-preserved archaeological material from southern France, dating back to the first to second centuries. KEY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Significant relationships between seed shape and taxonomic status, geographical origin (country or region) of accessions and parentage of varieties are highlighted, as previously noted based on genetic approaches. The combination of the analysis of modern reference material and well-preserved archaeological seeds provides original data about the history of ancient cultivated forms, some of them morphologically close to the current 'Clairette' and 'Mondeuse blanche' cultivars. Archaeobiological records seem to confirm the complexity of human contact, exchanges and migrations which spread grapevine cultivation in Europe and in Mediterranean areas, and argue in favour of the existence of local domestication in the Languedoc (southern France) region during Antiquity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Frédéric Terral
- Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie, Equipe Ressources Biologiques, Sociétés, Biodiversité-UMR 5059 CNRS/UM2/EPHE, Institut de Botanique (Université Montpellier 2), 163 Rue Auguste Broussonet, 34090 Montpellier, France.
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Breton C, Terral JF, Pinatel C, Médail F, Bonhomme F, Bervillé A. The origins of the domestication of the olive tree. C R Biol 2009; 332:1059-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ali AA, Martinez M, Fauvart N, Roiron P, Fioraso G, Guendon JL, Terral JF, Carcaillet C. Incendies et peuplements à Pinus mugo Turra dans les Alpes occidentales (Val de Suse, Italie) durant la transition Tardiglaciaire–Holocène : une zone refuge évidente. C R Biol 2006; 329:494-501. [PMID: 16797455 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2006.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2005] [Revised: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In western Italian Alps, small distinct populations of Pinus mugo Turra raise some questions concerning its ecological status and dynamics in the occidental Alps. This note present new palaeobotanical data based on cone imprints of Pinus mugo, identified in travertine systems located in the Val di Susa and dated back to the Late Dryas (11506+/-66 BP) and the Early Holocene (10145+/-225 et 9475+/-670 BP). Heliophilous species and charcoal fragments were also identified, testifying to the oldness of wildfires in this region. The data support the hypothesis that this zone was a refuge area of this pine during the last glaciation. Here we discuss about the postglacial dynamics of the Pinus mugo in the occidental Alps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Ali
- Centre de bio-archéologie et d'écologie (UMR 5059, CNRS/UM2/EPHE), Institut de Botanique, 163, rue Auguste-Broussonet, 34090 Montpellier, France.
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Abstract
Around the western Mediterranean Basin, the ecological status of Populus alba, whether indigenous or introduced, is controversial. This note presents new palaeobotanical data based on analyses of leaf imprints from a travertine formation located in southern France. This travertine presents two levels with Populus alba imprints. The oldest level is dated back by 14C to the Early Holocene, i.e., 8890 +/- 70 BP. This demonstrates that Populus alba is an autochthonous species of the southern-France vegetation, removing speculations reporting that its distribution area was greatly influenced by Roman civilization. Finally, we discuss this new data in regard to other Pleistocene and Holocene deposits circum the Mediterranean Basin and in Europe, where this species was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Roiron
- Centre de bio-archéologie et d'écologie, UMR 5059, CNRS-Université Montpellier-2, Institut de Botanique, 163, rue Auguste-Broussonet, 34090 Montpellier, France.
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