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Wagholikar KB, Ainsworth L, Zelle D, Chaney K, Mendis M, Klann J, Blood AJ, Miller A, Chulyadyo R, Oates M, Gordon WJ, Aronson SJ, Scirica BM, Murphy SN. I2b2-etl: Python application for importing electronic health data into the informatics for integrating biology and the bedside platform. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:4833-4836. [PMID: 36053173 PMCID: PMC9563689 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION The i2b2 platform is used at major academic health institutions and research consortia for querying for electronic health data. However, a major obstacle for wider utilization of the platform is the complexity of data loading that entails a steep curve of learning the platform's complex data schemas. To address this problem, we have developed the i2b2-etl package that simplifies the data loading process, which will facilitate wider deployment and utilization of the platform. RESULTS We have implemented i2b2-etl as a Python application that imports ontology and patient data using simplified input file schemas and provides inbuilt record number de-identification and data validation. We describe a real-world deployment of i2b2-etl for a population-management initiative at MassGeneral Brigham. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION i2b2-etl is a free, open-source application implemented in Python available under the Mozilla 2 license. The application can be downloaded as compiled docker images. A live demo is available at https://i2b2clinical.org/demo-i2b2etl/ (username: demo, password: Etl@2021). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavishwar B Wagholikar
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - David Zelle
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kira Chaney
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Jeffery Klann
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alexander J Blood
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | - William J Gordon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA 02199, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Benjamin M Scirica
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shawn N Murphy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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2
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Hong C, Zhang HG, L'Yi S, Weber G, Avillach P, Tan BWQ, Gutiérrez-Sacristán A, Bonzel CL, Palmer NP, Malovini A, Tibollo V, Luo Y, Hutch MR, Liu M, Bourgeois F, Bellazzi R, Chiovato L, Sanz Vidorreta FJ, Le TT, Wang X, Yuan W, Neuraz A, Benoit V, Moal B, Morris M, Hanauer DA, Maidlow S, Wagholikar K, Murphy S, Estiri H, Makoudjou A, Tippmann P, Klann J, Follett RW, Gehlenborg N, Omenn GS, Xia Z, Dagliati A, Visweswaran S, Patel LP, Mowery DL, Schriver ER, Samayamuthu MJ, Kavuluru R, Lozano-Zahonero S, Zöller D, Tan ALM, Tan BWL, Ngiam KY, Holmes JH, Schubert P, Cho K, Ho YL, Beaulieu-Jones BK, Pedrera-Jiménez M, García-Barrio N, Serrano-Balazote P, Kohane I, South A, Brat GA, Cai T. Changes in laboratory value improvement and mortality rates over the course of the pandemic: an international retrospective cohort study of hospitalised patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057725. [PMID: 35738646 PMCID: PMC9226470 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess changes in international mortality rates and laboratory recovery rates during hospitalisation for patients hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 between the first wave (1 March to 30 June 2020) and the second wave (1 July 2020 to 31 January 2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This is a retrospective cohort study of 83 178 hospitalised patients admitted between 7 days before or 14 days after PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within the Consortium for Clinical Characterization of COVID-19 by Electronic Health Record, an international multihealthcare system collaborative of 288 hospitals in the USA and Europe. The laboratory recovery rates and mortality rates over time were compared between the two waves of the pandemic. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was all-cause mortality rate within 28 days after hospitalisation stratified by predicted low, medium and high mortality risk at baseline. The secondary outcome was the average rate of change in laboratory values during the first week of hospitalisation. RESULTS Baseline Charlson Comorbidity Index and laboratory values at admission were not significantly different between the first and second waves. The improvement in laboratory values over time was faster in the second wave compared with the first. The average C reactive protein rate of change was -4.72 mg/dL vs -4.14 mg/dL per day (p=0.05). The mortality rates within each risk category significantly decreased over time, with the most substantial decrease in the high-risk group (42.3% in March-April 2020 vs 30.8% in November 2020 to January 2021, p<0.001) and a moderate decrease in the intermediate-risk group (21.5% in March-April 2020 vs 14.3% in November 2020 to January 2021, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Admission profiles of patients hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection did not differ greatly between the first and second waves of the pandemic, but there were notable differences in laboratory improvement rates during hospitalisation. Mortality risks among patients with similar risk profiles decreased over the course of the pandemic. The improvement in laboratory values and mortality risk was consistent across multiple countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Hong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harrison G Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sehi L'Yi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Griffin Weber
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul Avillach
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bryce W Q Tan
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Clara-Lea Bonzel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathan P Palmer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alberto Malovini
- Laboratory of Informatics and Systems Engineering for Clinical Research, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Valentina Tibollo
- Laboratory of Informatics and Systems Engineering for Clinical Research, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Meghan R Hutch
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Molei Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Florence Bourgeois
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Riccardo Bellazzi
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Chiovato
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
| | | | - Trang T Le
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antoine Neuraz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Hopital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Vincent Benoit
- IT department, Innovation & Data, APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Moal
- IAM unit, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michele Morris
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David A Hanauer
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sarah Maidlow
- MICHR Informatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kavishwar Wagholikar
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shawn Murphy
- Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hossein Estiri
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adeline Makoudjou
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Patric Tippmann
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Jeffery Klann
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert W Follett
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nils Gehlenborg
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zongqi Xia
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arianna Dagliati
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Shyam Visweswaran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Kansas, USA
| | - Lav P Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Informatics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Danielle L Mowery
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily R Schriver
- Data Analytics Center, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Ramakanth Kavuluru
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sara Lozano-Zahonero
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Zöller
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Amelia L M Tan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Byorn W L Tan
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kee Yuan Ngiam
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - John H Holmes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Petra Schubert
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Miguel Pedrera-Jiménez
- Health Informatics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia García-Barrio
- Health Informatics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Serrano-Balazote
- Health Informatics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Kohane
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew South
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nephrology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gabriel A Brat
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - T Cai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wagholikar KB, Ainsworth L, Vernekar VP, Pathak A, Glynn C, Zelle D, Zagade A, Karipineni N, Herrick CD, McPartlin M, Bui TV, Mendis M, Klann J, Oates M, Gordon W, Cannon C, Patel R, Aronson SJ, MacRae CA, Scirica BM, Murphy SN. Extending i2b2 into a framework for semantic abstraction of EHR to facilitate rapid development and portability of Health IT applications. AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci Proc 2019; 2019:370-378. [PMID: 31258990 PMCID: PMC6568124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The wide gap between a care provider's conceptualization of electronic health record (EHR) and the structures for electronic health record (EHR) data storage and transmission, presents a multitude of obstacles for development of innovative Health IT applications. While developers model the EHR view of the clinicians at one end, they work with a different data view to construct health IT applications. Although there has been considerable progress to bridge this gap by evolution of developer friendly standards and tools for terminology mapping and data warehousing, there is a need for a simplified framework to facilitate development of interoperable applications. To this end, we propose a framework for creating a layer of semantic abstraction on the EHR and describe preliminary work on the implementation of this framework for management of hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Our goal is to facilitate the rapid development and portability of Health IT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavishwar B Wagholikar
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Partners Healthcare Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neelima Karipineni
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Marian McPartlin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Persistent Systems, Pune, India
- Partners Healthcare Boston, MA
| | - Tiffany V Bui
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Persistent Systems, Pune, India
- Partners Healthcare Boston, MA
| | | | - Jeffery Klann
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Partners Healthcare Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Christopher Cannon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Persistent Systems, Pune, India
- Partners Healthcare Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Calum A MacRae
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Benjamin M Scirica
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Shawn N Murphy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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