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Ripa V, Smith F, Goodman JW. Case of metastatic epithelioid haemangioendothelioma from an unknown primary site associated with membranous nephropathy and hypercoagulable state. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e247253. [PMID: 35995459 PMCID: PMC9403116 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-247253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a rare case of metastatic epithelioid haemangioendothelioma from an unknown primary site presenting with axillary lymph node metastases. The patient also had a new-onset membranous glomerulonephritis and thromboembolism, which we postulate were paraneoplastic. The pathogenesis of this rare cancer, the risk of misdiagnosis and membranous glomerulonephritis as a paraneoplastic syndrome are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Ripa
- Surgery, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, New Jersey, USA
| | - Franz Smith
- Surgery, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Goodman
- Nephrology, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, New Jersey, USA
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Javidi B, Carnicer A, Anand A, Barbastathis G, Chen W, Ferraro P, Goodman JW, Horisaki R, Khare K, Kujawinska M, Leitgeb RA, Marquet P, Nomura T, Ozcan A, Park Y, Pedrini G, Picart P, Rosen J, Saavedra G, Shaked NT, Stern A, Tajahuerce E, Tian L, Wetzstein G, Yamaguchi M. Roadmap on digital holography [Invited]. Opt Express 2021; 29:35078-35118. [PMID: 34808951 DOI: 10.1364/oe.435915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This Roadmap article on digital holography provides an overview of a vast array of research activities in the field of digital holography. The paper consists of a series of 25 sections from the prominent experts in digital holography presenting various aspects of the field on sensing, 3D imaging and displays, virtual and augmented reality, microscopy, cell identification, tomography, label-free live cell imaging, and other applications. Each section represents the vision of its author to describe the significant progress, potential impact, important developments, and challenging issues in the field of digital holography.
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Goodman JW. Similarities and differences in the specific immunological unresponsiveness between genetically tolerant mice and those made tolerant at birth. Bibl Haematol 2015; 23:149-54. [PMID: 5328203 DOI: 10.1159/000384233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Goodman JW, Asplin JR, Goldfarb DS. Effect of two sports drinks on urinary lithogenicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 37:41-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00240-008-0166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Extracorporeal elimination of drugs and toxins is a critical component in the management of poisonings, though specific techniques and indications remain a matter of debate. Conventional hemodialysis is frequently the treatment of choice because of its widespread availability and proven effectiveness for certain drugs and toxins. With the increased availability of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) modalities, there is yet another therapeutic option, but one that has yet to find a definitive role in this field. The continuous nature of these therapies is attractive for the management of acute renal failure, but the relatively slower clearance rates as compared to conventional hemodialysis is a distinct drawback in patients with acute xenobiotic-induced toxicity. There are abundant case reports as well as a few small case series in the medical literature documenting the use of CRRT, but specific techniques and the clinical outcomes vary considerably. Therefore one cannot draw definitive conclusions regarding benefit. Some patients, particularly those who are hemodynamically unstable and are not candidates for conventional hemodialysis, may warrant a trial of CRRT. However, at the present time, routine use for the treatment of poisoning is not supported. Controlled trials to better clarify its role would be beneficial, though such studies would be extremely difficult to conduct in this field. We believe that the intelligent application of extracorporeal modalities requires a thorough knowledge of drug pharmacokinetics, of the techniques utilized, and a skeptical analysis of the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Goodman
- Nephrology Section, New York Harbor VA Medical Center, New York, New York 10010, USA
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Abstract
Since the description of a new renal syndrome in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the middle 1980s, much has been learned regarding the association of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and renal disease. The HIV-associated renal diseases represent a spectrum of clinical and histopathologic conditions. In this review, epidemiologic and clinical aspects of HIV-associated renal diseases are presented. Particular attention is placed on the pathologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in HIV-associated focal glomerulosclerosis, immune complex-mediated disease, and thrombotic microangiopathies. Pharmaceutical treatment options, including the use of glucocorticoids, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and highly active antiretroviral therapy, are discussed. The therapeutic option of renal transplantation is presented, with insight into new clinical and basic research supporting a possible role of immunosuppressive therapy in this already immunocompromised patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Weiner
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20037, USA
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Abstract
Image deblurring has long been modeled as a deconvolution problem. In the literature, the point-spread function (PSF) is often assumed to be known exactly. However, in practical situations such as image acquisition in cameras, we may have incomplete knowledge of the PSF. This deblurring problem is referred to as blind deconvolution. We employ a statistical point of view of the data and use a modified maximum a posteriori approach to identify the most probable object and blur given the observed image. To facilitate computation we use an iterative method, which is an extension of the traditional expectation-maximization method, instead of direct optimization. We derive separate formulas for the updates of the estimates in each iteration to enhance the deconvolution results, which are based on the specific nature of our a priori knowledge available about the object and the blur.
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Affiliation(s)
- EY Lam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford Univesity, California 94305, USA
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Abstract
Over the past two decades, there have been various studies on the distributions of the DCT coefficients for images. However, they have concentrated only on fitting the empirical data from some standard pictures with a variety of well-known statistical distributions, and then comparing their goodness of fit. The Laplacian distribution is the dominant choice balancing simplicity of the model and fidelity to the empirical data. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no mathematical justification as to what gives rise to this distribution. We offer a rigorous mathematical analysis using a doubly stochastic model of the images, which not only provides the theoretical explanations necessary, but also leads to insights about various other observations from the literature. This model also allows us to investigate how certain changes in the image statistics could affect the DCT coefficient distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Lam
- Dept. of Electr. Eng., Stanford Univ., CA 94305, USA.
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Abstract
In discrete-cosine-transform-based (DCT-based) compressions such as JPEG it is a common practice to use the same quantization matrix for both encoding and decoding. However, this need not be the case, and the flexibility of designing different matrices for encoding and decoding allows us to perform image restoration in the DCT domain. This is especially useful when we have severe limitations on the computational power, for instance, with in-camera image manipulation for programmable digital cameras. We provide an algorithm that compensates partially for a defocus error in image acquisition, and experimental results show that the restored image is closer to the in-focus image than is the defocused image.
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Goodman JW, Schenfeld E. Massively parallel processing using optical interconnects: introduction to the feature issue. Appl Opt 1998; 37:193. [PMID: 18268576 DOI: 10.1364/ao.37.000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Abstract
We present a textbooklike treatment of hybrid systems employing both optical and electrical interconnections. We investigate how these two different interconnection media can be used in conjunction to realize a system not possible with any alone. More specifically, we determine the optimal mix of optical and normally conducting interconnections maximizing a given figure-of-merit function. We find that optical interconnections have relatively little to offer if the optical paths are constrained to lie on a plane (such as in an integrated optics system). However, if optical paths are permitted to leave the plane, they may enable considerable increase in performance. In any event the prize in terms of performance is accompanied by a penalty in terms of system power and/or size.
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Abstract
We propose and evaluate the feasibility of a multiprocessor interconnect based on free-space optics for reducing network latency. The proposed interconnect supports high-throughput network links and can exploit locality of memory references through reconfiguration. Our analysis shows that the proposed interconnect can, in principle, support hundreds of nodes in the static mode and tens of nodes in dynamic mode.
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Abstract
We describe a method for recording a beam-correcting holographic collimator for laser diodes in the presence of recording-to-readout wavelength shift. An astigmatism-correcting, beam-shaping hologram recorded with this method at 488 nm displays a high-efficiency, near-diffraction-limited collimation of a diode beam at 820 nm.
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Abstract
A new approach to optical analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion based on oversampling and interpolative coding techniques is described, and both interferometric and noninterferometric architectures based on this method are presented. This new approach combines the high resolution of classical oversampled A/D conversion with the high speed of optical processing technology to extend the resolution and conversion rates beyond that currently possible with other electronic or optical converters. The proposed optical converters are simple, consisting of multiple quantum well self-electro-optic effect devices, photodetectors, and common optical components that are capable of operating at sampling rates of up to 15 Gbits/s and that can provide scalable resolutions of 16 and 8 bits at a conversion rate of 117 and 938 MHz, respectively.
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Abstract
Heat removal, rather than finite interconnect density, is the major mechanism that limits how densely we can pack three-dimensional computing systems of increasing numbers of elements. Thus highly interconnected approaches can be employed without a further increase in system size. The use of optical interconnections for implementing the longer connections of such systems is advantageous. In fact, if the optical communication energy is sufficiently low and large-bit repetition rates are employed, conductors are useful for only the shortest connections and can be dispensed with altogether with little disadvantage. This justifies consideration of an optical digital computer.
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Shoop BL, Pezeshki B, Goodman JW, Harris JS. Noninterferometric optical subtraction using reflection-electroabsorption modulators. Opt Lett 1992; 17:58-60. [PMID: 19784229 DOI: 10.1364/ol.17.000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A noninterferometric technique for optical subtraction is demonstrated that employs a multiple-quantum-well reflection-electroabsorption modulator and provides lower insertion loss, larger contrast ratio, and linearity over a larger dynamic range than similar techniques previously reported.
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Abstract
A method for designing and recording a holographic optical element that is used as a waveguide focusing grating coupler is presented. It is based on recording the holographic coupler with two predistorted wave fronts, derived from interim holograms, whose readout and recording geometries are different. The corrected holographic coupler has almost aberration-free performance even for couplers with very small f/numbers or with large wavelength shift between recording and readout.
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Wilkinson TS, Pender DA, Goodman JW. Use of synthetic discriminant functions for handwritten-signature verification. Appl Opt 1991; 30:3345-3353. [PMID: 20706399 DOI: 10.1364/ao.30.003345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Handwritten-signature verification is treated as a two-class synthetic discriminant function (SDF) problem. Images of valid and casually forged signatures are collected and binarized, using an electronic digitizing camera. Performance of this approach with a small number of valid signatures in the training set is examined, and substantial improvement is demonstrated when forgeries are included in the set. In particular, the equal-error rate for the SDF classifier with forgeries included is shown to average approximately 4% across nine different subjects. The effects of image preprocessing on false acceptance and true rejection rates are examined. The use of alternatives to forged signatures in the training matrix is explored. Finally, SDF performance is shown to deteriorate when the tested forgeries are produced with some a priori knowledge of the target signature.
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Wilkinson TS, Goodman JW. Synthetic discriminants and egenvector decompositions. Appl Opt 1991; 30:3278-3280. [PMID: 20706389 DOI: 10.1364/ao.30.003278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Abstract
A method for designing a double grating for coupling a polychromatic wave out of a waveguide with negligible angular dispersion is presented. It is based on calculating analytically two different grating functions, such that the chromatic dispersion of the first grating function is compensated by the second grating function. It is shown that the usable wavelength range can be increased by more than 2 orders of magnitude relative to conventional grating couplers for typical angular tolerance.
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Amitai Y, Goodman JW. Design of Fourier-transform holographic lenses in the presence of a recording-readout wavelength shift. Opt Lett 1991; 16:952-954. [PMID: 19776840 DOI: 10.1364/ol.16.000952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A method for recording Fourier-transform holographic lenses, in the presence of a recording-readout wavelength shift, is presented. The method is illustrated with a holographic lens recorded at 488 nm and reconstructed at 633 nm, with high diffraction efficiencies and low aberrations over a wide field of view of +/-10 degrees .
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Amitai Y, Goodman JW. Design of substrate-mode holographic interconnects with different recording and readout wavelengths. Appl Opt 1991; 30:2376-2381. [PMID: 20700216 DOI: 10.1364/ao.30.002376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A method for recording a substrate-mode holographic interconnect system, composed of two identical holographic optical elements (HOEs) which were recorded on the same plate, has been developed. Since the possible recording wavelengths for efficient holograms are usually different from the readout wavelengths, the holographic elements must be recorded with predistorted wavefronts to assure high diffraction efficiencies and low aberrations. The predistorted wavefronts are derived from simple spherical holograms whose readout geometries differ from those used during recording. The method is illustrated with HOEs recorded at 488 nm and read out at 633 nm. Nearly diffraction-limited imaging and high efficiencies were achieved.
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McAdams LR, McRuer RN, Goodman JW. Oblique-incidence liquid-crystal-tunable étalon. Opt Lett 1991; 16:864-866. [PMID: 19776811 DOI: 10.1364/ol.16.000864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The experimental properties and a detailed model of a nematic liquid-crystal-tunable Fabry-Perot étalon with obliquely incident light are reported. As a single-wavelength switch, the étalon has an extinction ratio of 20.3 dB, an insertion loss of -1.7 dB, and a millisecond switching speed. As a filter, the étalon has a finesse of 15.1, a free spectral range of 20.4 nm, and a continuous tuning range of over 40 nm with less than 5 V.
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25
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Abstract
We present a simple technique for observing and studying the onset of microstructure in silver halide gratings, which can also be used to improve processing chemistry.
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Abstract
The design and performance of a digital scanner based on ferroelectric liquid-crystal switchable wave plates and passive nematic liquid-crystal prisms are reported. The liquid-crystal prisms function as low-cost, integrable, lowangle birefringent prisms. A 1 x 64 scanner was built with -5.3 dB of average loss. By using an active filter, the limiting mispolarization cross talk of the scanner was reduced from -13 dB to less than -25 dB.
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Abstract
The design, experimental results, and analysis of a 1 x N ferroelectric liquid-crystal optical switch based on polarization rotation are reported. The switch is broadband and tolerant to errors in the ferroelectric liquid-crystal tilt angle and cell thickness. Moreover, the cross talk in the switch is noncumulative and independent of the switch size N. The results of an experimental 1 x 4 switch are presented. The switch has a signal-to-cross-talk ratio ranging from 21.6 to 37.1 dB, a switching time of 50 microsec, and a worst-case insertion loss of 3.5 dB.
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Abstract
The design and experimental results of a new 2 x 2 optical routing switch based on liquid crystal is reported. The switch uses nematic liquid crystal for polarization beamsplitting and ferroelectric liquid crystal for polarization rotation. The polarization insensitive, broadcast capable, full duplex switch has a signal-to crosstalk ratio of ~20 dB, a switching speed below 250 micros and a measured insertion loss of 1.4 dB. We show that the basic 2 x 2 switch can be extended to form a N x N rearrangeable permutation network.
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Goodman JW, Hutcheson LD. Optical interconnects: introduction by the feature editors. Appl Opt 1990; 29:1067. [PMID: 20562962 DOI: 10.1364/ao.29.001067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Some thirteen papers in this 10 Mar. 1990 issue of Applied Optics consider the technology and use of optical interconnects. This introduction also briefly discusses where the field is going.
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Abstract
A ground-based astronomical telescope with a segmented primary mirror will suffer image-degrading wavefront aberrations from at least two sources: (1) atmospheric turbulence and (2) segment misalignment or figure errors of the mirror itself. This paper describes the derivation of a mirror control feedback matrix that assumes the presence of both types of aberration and is optimum in the sense that it minimizes the meansquared residual wavefront error. Assumptions of the statistical nature of the wavefront measurement errors, atmospheric phase aberrations, and segment misalignment errors are made in the process of derivation. Examples of the degree of correction are presented for three different types of wavefront measurement data and compared to results of simple corrections.
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Downie JD, Goodman JW. Accuracy requirements of optical linear algebra processors in adaptive optics imaging systems. Appl Opt 1989; 28:4298-4304. [PMID: 20555866 DOI: 10.1364/ao.28.004298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A ground-based adaptive optics imaging telescope system attempts to improve image quality by measuring and correcting for atmospherically induced wavefront aberrations. The necessary control computations during each cycle will take a finite amount of time, which adds to the residual error variance since the atmosphere continues to change during that time. Thus an optical processor may be well-suited for this task. This paper investigates this possibility by studying the accuracy requirements in a general optical processor that will make it competitive with, or superior to, a conventional digital computer for adaptive optics use.
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Abstract
Almost all coherent pattern recognition architectures are based on optical correlation of the input with a designed filter. However, the filter can be implemented via many different media, and each medium will impose different realizability constraints on the filter. That is, different media will have different regions of physical realizability. In the past, there has not been much work addressing the problem of designing an optimal filter given an arbitrary region of realizability. This paper presents the theory for just such an optimal filter design. A fast algorithm is presented to implement the theory. The algorithm is demonstrated with two examples.
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Norton FL, Davis CB, Jones PP, Goodman JW. Arsonate-specific murine T cell clones. V. Antigen presentation by L cells transfected with normal and mutant class II genes. The Journal of Immunology 1989. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.143.2.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Class II-restricted murine T cell clones specific for the immunogenic determinant L-tyrosine-p-azobenzenearsonate failed to proliferate to Ag presented by L cell lines transfected with and expressing the appropriate class II genes, but are activated to kill the APC in an Ag-dependent, MHC-restricted manner. Inhibition of APC proliferation was used as an assay to determine the relative contributions of polymorphic sites on the class II alpha- and beta-chains to MHC-restricted activation of I-A beta k-restricted cloned T cells. Transfectants expressing A beta k in conjunction with the alpha chain of k, u, or d were equally effective APCs, whereas transfectants expressing A beta u were completely ineffective, implicating the beta-chain as more critical for the presentation of L-tyrosine-p-azobenzenearsonate. Site-directed mutagenesis of polymorphic positions in the beta chain revealed a remarkable stringency for the k haplotype, in contrast to the relaxed alpha-chain requirement. These results, in conjunction with others, indicate that the relative contribution of polymorphic sites on class II alpha- and beta-chains to T cell Ag recognition can differ markedly, and, furthermore, may vary as a function of the Ag.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Norton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco 94143
| | - C B Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco 94143
| | - P P Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco 94143
| | - J W Goodman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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Norton FL, Davis CB, Jones PP, Goodman JW. Arsonate-specific murine T cell clones. V. Antigen presentation by L cells transfected with normal and mutant class II genes. J Immunol 1989; 143:446-51. [PMID: 2472438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Class II-restricted murine T cell clones specific for the immunogenic determinant L-tyrosine-p-azobenzenearsonate failed to proliferate to Ag presented by L cell lines transfected with and expressing the appropriate class II genes, but are activated to kill the APC in an Ag-dependent, MHC-restricted manner. Inhibition of APC proliferation was used as an assay to determine the relative contributions of polymorphic sites on the class II alpha- and beta-chains to MHC-restricted activation of I-A beta k-restricted cloned T cells. Transfectants expressing A beta k in conjunction with the alpha chain of k, u, or d were equally effective APCs, whereas transfectants expressing A beta u were completely ineffective, implicating the beta-chain as more critical for the presentation of L-tyrosine-p-azobenzenearsonate. Site-directed mutagenesis of polymorphic positions in the beta chain revealed a remarkable stringency for the k haplotype, in contrast to the relaxed alpha-chain requirement. These results, in conjunction with others, indicate that the relative contribution of polymorphic sites on class II alpha- and beta-chains to T cell Ag recognition can differ markedly, and, furthermore, may vary as a function of the Ag.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Norton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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35
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Goodman JW, Peter-Fizaine FE, Shinpock SG, Hall EA, Fahmie DJ. Immunologic and hematologic consequences in mice of exposure to ozone. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 1989; 9:243-52. [PMID: 2810067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunologic and hematologic effects of continuous, chronic exposure of mice to ozone are reported. A consistent decrease was found in ability of spleen cells from exposed mice to engage in primary antibody formation. Results from an investigation of the possible presence of suppressor cells were inconclusive Separation of spleen cells into adherent and nonadherent populations revealed suggestive differences between normal and ozone-exposed mice. Among myelopoietic progenitors examined, CFU-S, CFU-GM, CFU-E, CFU-ME, and BFU-E, only the last two named were found to be altered after ozone exposure. The possible bases and implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Goodman
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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Abstract
An I-Ab-restricted, L3T4+ Ly2- T-cell clone, 5R-4F3, specific for ABAtyr was established in culture from a B10.A(5R) mouse. Since b haplotype mice respond weakly to ABAtyr compared to other haplotypes, this is a candidate clone of low responder phenotype. In support of this contention, 5R-4F3 grew very poorly under conditions that supported the vigorous growth of E beta bE alpha k-restricted T-cell clones from the same mouse. The I-A (low responder) and I-E (high responder) restricted T-cell clones also differed in their responses to apc pre-pulsed with antigen, compared to apc with antigen present continuously during culture. The low and high responder clones responded comparably to IL-2. Attempts to elevate the response of C57BL/6 mice to ABAtyr in vivo by injecting them with human recombinant IL-2 and antigen together were only partially successful: C57BL/6 mice treated in this way showed a 3-5-fold increase in their proliferative responses to ABAtyr, which was at best only one quarter of the level of response shown by high responder A/J mice to the same antigen dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Spragg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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38
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Abstract
Many spatial light modulators and computer-generated hologram techniques can very efficiently implement binary phase-only filters. At present, almost all binary phase-only filters are designed by first designing a matched spatial filter and then binarizing it. There is no theoretical basis to expect that such a filter will be optimal. This paper first develops a theory for optimal binary phase-only filters and then presents a numerical algorithm which designs the optimal binary phase-only matched filter for a given image. The filter is optimal in the matched filter sense of maximizing SNR at the output origin. Characteristics of the optimal filter compared to conventional binary phase-only filters are discussed.
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Godfrey HP, Canfield LS, Kindler HL, Angadi CV, Tomasek JJ, Goodman JW. Production of a fibronectin-associated lymphokine by cloned mouse T cells. The Journal of Immunology 1988. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.141.5.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Azobenzenearsonate-specific cloned mouse T cells able to transfer delayed hypersensitivity reactions in vivo produced macrophage agglutination factor (MaggF) after stimulation with mitogen or antigen in vitro. Mitogen (Con A) elicited MAggF production directly from T cells. Responses to Ag were Ag-specific, required syngeneic accessory cells in addition to T cells, and were independent of T cell fine specificity for azobenzenearsonate. Mouse MAggF shared a number of biochemical and immunochemical properties with the fibronectins (FN): 1) high Mr similar to that of plasma FN; 2) binding to gelatin, heparin, and polyclonal antibodies and mAb specific for cellular and plasma FN; 3) inhibition of activity in solution by monoclonal anti-human FN directed against plasma FN gelatin-binding domain; and 4) action on peritoneal exudate macrophages mediated through a FN-receptor cross reactive with one on human monocytes. MAggF production required active protein synthesis and was associated with significant increases in gelatin-binding immunoreactive FN (Mr 440 kDa on immunoblotting) in culture supernatants and T cell lysates. Metabolically labeled peptides could be precipitated by anti-FN from culture supernatants of activated T cells. Stimulated cultures contained significantly more cells with immunohistologically demonstrable cytoplasmic FN than unstimulated control cultures. We suggest that T cell FN is a distinct species of cellular FN which may play an important role in mediating delayed hypersensitivity inflammatory reactions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Godfrey
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595
| | - L S Canfield
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595
| | - H L Kindler
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595
| | - C V Angadi
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595
| | - J J Tomasek
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595
| | - J W Goodman
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595
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Godfrey HP, Canfield LS, Kindler HL, Angadi CV, Tomasek JJ, Goodman JW. Production of a fibronectin-associated lymphokine by cloned mouse T cells. J Immunol 1988; 141:1508-15. [PMID: 3261752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Azobenzenearsonate-specific cloned mouse T cells able to transfer delayed hypersensitivity reactions in vivo produced macrophage agglutination factor (MaggF) after stimulation with mitogen or antigen in vitro. Mitogen (Con A) elicited MAggF production directly from T cells. Responses to Ag were Ag-specific, required syngeneic accessory cells in addition to T cells, and were independent of T cell fine specificity for azobenzenearsonate. Mouse MAggF shared a number of biochemical and immunochemical properties with the fibronectins (FN): 1) high Mr similar to that of plasma FN; 2) binding to gelatin, heparin, and polyclonal antibodies and mAb specific for cellular and plasma FN; 3) inhibition of activity in solution by monoclonal anti-human FN directed against plasma FN gelatin-binding domain; and 4) action on peritoneal exudate macrophages mediated through a FN-receptor cross reactive with one on human monocytes. MAggF production required active protein synthesis and was associated with significant increases in gelatin-binding immunoreactive FN (Mr 440 kDa on immunoblotting) in culture supernatants and T cell lysates. Metabolically labeled peptides could be precipitated by anti-FN from culture supernatants of activated T cells. Stimulated cultures contained significantly more cells with immunohistologically demonstrable cytoplasmic FN than unstimulated control cultures. We suggest that T cell FN is a distinct species of cellular FN which may play an important role in mediating delayed hypersensitivity inflammatory reactions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Godfrey
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595
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Abstract
The geometrical design characteristics of multiple-image holograms are evaluated. A figure of merit expressing these characteristics as a function of the hologram diameter and the distance between the hologram and the image plane is developed. This value is then used to compare two designs which are capable of forming several hundred interconnections. The results indicate that these connections can be formed between points on the substrate separated by 2-3 cm provided that the holograms are separated from the substrate plane by 0.5-1 cm. Each hologram design is experimentally demonstrated in bleached photographic emulsions.
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Spragg JH, Goodman JW. Arsonate-specific murine T cell clones. IV. Properties of I-E- and I-A-restricted clones. The Journal of Immunology 1987. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.138.4.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The T cell antigen L-tyrosine-p-azobenzenearsonate is unique in being a simple determinant that can be presented in the context of both I-A and I-E. I-E-restricted T cell clones derived from B10.A(5R) mice were found to fall into three groups: Type I clones recognized antigen only in the context of syngeneic apcs, Type II clones recognized antigen with the same highly specific major histocompatibility complex restriction but in addition proliferated in response to allogeneic stimuli; Type III clones were "degenerate" in their major histocompatibility complex-restricted recognition of antigen and proliferated when antigen-presenting cells bearing Eb beta Ek alpha (syngeneic), Ek beta Ek alpha, or Ed beta Ed alpha were used. These observations allow some conclusions to be drawn about sites on the I-E molecule that may be functionally significant in the presentation of this antigen. By using the B cell hybridoma LK35.2 as target cells, some of these T cell clones act as cytotoxic cells in the Class II-restricted manner predicted from the results of proliferative assays. Class II-restricted cytotoxicity can therefore be controlled by both I-A and I-E mouse Ir gene loci.
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Spragg JH, Goodman JW. Arsonate-specific murine T cell clones. IV. Properties of I-E- and I-A-restricted clones. J Immunol 1987; 138:1169-77. [PMID: 3100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The T cell antigen L-tyrosine-p-azobenzenearsonate is unique in being a simple determinant that can be presented in the context of both I-A and I-E. I-E-restricted T cell clones derived from B10.A(5R) mice were found to fall into three groups: Type I clones recognized antigen only in the context of syngeneic apcs, Type II clones recognized antigen with the same highly specific major histocompatibility complex restriction but in addition proliferated in response to allogeneic stimuli; Type III clones were "degenerate" in their major histocompatibility complex-restricted recognition of antigen and proliferated when antigen-presenting cells bearing Eb beta Ek alpha (syngeneic), Ek beta Ek alpha, or Ed beta Ed alpha were used. These observations allow some conclusions to be drawn about sites on the I-E molecule that may be functionally significant in the presentation of this antigen. By using the B cell hybridoma LK35.2 as target cells, some of these T cell clones act as cytotoxic cells in the Class II-restricted manner predicted from the results of proliferative assays. Class II-restricted cytotoxicity can therefore be controlled by both I-A and I-E mouse Ir gene loci.
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Kostuk RK, Goodman JW, Hesselink L. Volume reflection holograms with multiple gratings: an experimental and theoretical evaluation. Appl Opt 1986; 25:4362. [PMID: 18235792 DOI: 10.1364/ao.25.004362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Morita CT, Godfrey WL, Goodman JW, Lewis GK. Arsonate-specific murine T cell clones. III. Correlation between clonotype expression and fine specificity for analogs of L-tyrosine-p-azobenzenearsonate. The Journal of Immunology 1986. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.137.7.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite recent advances in our understanding of T cell antigen receptor structure, relatively little is known about the role of this receptor in MHC-restricted antigen recognition. To study this problem, we have developed a panel of ABA-Tyr-reactive, I-Ak-restricted T cell clones that differ in their ability to recognize structural analogs of ABA-Tyr. Three fine specificity groups have been defined. In each group, ABA-Tyr elicited the strongest response of any of the antigens tested. Group I clones responded to ABA-conjugated hydroxyphenyl-ethanol (ABA-HPE). Group II clones responded to ABA-conjugated hydroxyphenyl-methanol (ABA-HPM) but not to ABA-HPE, and group III clones responded only to ABA-Tyr. These studies show that differences as small as a single methylene group can dramatically affect fine specificity. Because these clones are all I-Ak-restricted, it was possible to correlate receptor serology with fine specificity. To this end, monoclonal anti-clonotypes were made against clone 16-F2 from group I and used to study the relationship between fine specificity and clonotype expression. A panel of 15 T cell clones studied with four anti-clonotype antibodies showed a strict correlation between clonotype expression and fine specificity. Taken together, these data suggest that the structure recognized by the anti-clonotype antibodies is a determinant of receptor fine specificity.
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Morita CT, Godfrey WL, Goodman JW, Lewis GK. Arsonate-specific murine T cell clones. III. Correlation between clonotype expression and fine specificity for analogs of L-tyrosine-p-azobenzenearsonate. J Immunol 1986; 137:2139-44. [PMID: 2428862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in our understanding of T cell antigen receptor structure, relatively little is known about the role of this receptor in MHC-restricted antigen recognition. To study this problem, we have developed a panel of ABA-Tyr-reactive, I-Ak-restricted T cell clones that differ in their ability to recognize structural analogs of ABA-Tyr. Three fine specificity groups have been defined. In each group, ABA-Tyr elicited the strongest response of any of the antigens tested. Group I clones responded to ABA-conjugated hydroxyphenyl-ethanol (ABA-HPE). Group II clones responded to ABA-conjugated hydroxyphenyl-methanol (ABA-HPM) but not to ABA-HPE, and group III clones responded only to ABA-Tyr. These studies show that differences as small as a single methylene group can dramatically affect fine specificity. Because these clones are all I-Ak-restricted, it was possible to correlate receptor serology with fine specificity. To this end, monoclonal anti-clonotypes were made against clone 16-F2 from group I and used to study the relationship between fine specificity and clonotype expression. A panel of 15 T cell clones studied with four anti-clonotype antibodies showed a strict correlation between clonotype expression and fine specificity. Taken together, these data suggest that the structure recognized by the anti-clonotype antibodies is a determinant of receptor fine specificity.
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Conger JD, Lewis GK, Goodman JW. Idiotypic properties of the murine anti-arsonate antibody response: B- and T-cell influences. Cell Immunol 1985; 95:173-9. [PMID: 3875425 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(85)90305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In a previous report characterizing the arsonate (ABA)-specific plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses of A/J mice induced by ABA-KLH, two interesting characteristics of the idiotypic (Id) profile were noted: (1) an apparent Id selectivity in the isotype switch since the earliest appearing IgG PFC in the primary response were significantly more "cross-reactive Id" (CRI)-dominant than the IgM PFC population, and, (2) a temporal waning of CRI dominance with time among IgG PFC, from 75-100% CRI+ PFC to about 25-45% CRI+ PFC in secondary responses. Experiments were performed to determine whether these effects are largely attributable to T or to B cells. Mice were immunized with a T-independent (TI) form of ABA (ABA-Brucella abortus) and apparent Id selectivity was observed; the earliest IgG PFC averaged 75% CRI+ while IgM PFC were only 39% CRI+. Due to the TI nature of the Ag, this provides suggestive, but not conclusive, evidence that the Id asymmetry in the isotype switch may be attributable to the direct interaction of Ag with B cells. Other studies addressed the temporal shift in CRI dominance. First, it was found that preexposure of mice to either KLH or to ABA (on an irrelevant carrier) resulted in diminished CRI dominance in subsequent "primary" responses to ABA-KLH. Secondly, adoptive transfer experiments with B and T cells from virgin mice (Bv, Tv) or ABA-KLH-primed mice (Bp, Tp) showed that recipients of Bv + Tp or Bp + Tv generated anti-ABA PFC responses with intermediate CRI levels. The Tv cells had some preferential tendency to activate CRI+ clones in the Bp population. The results demonstrate that CRI levels are jointly determined by the immune status of both B and T cells. A simple model is offered which accounts for early Id dominance and its gradual decline and has as its central postulate the assumption that CRI+ B cells in the virgin ABA-specific repertoire have an affinity advantage over CRI- clones.
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Ochoa E, Goodman JW, Hesselink L. Real-time enhancement of defects in a periodic mask using photorefractive Bi(12)SiO(20). Opt Lett 1985; 10:430-432. [PMID: 19724471 DOI: 10.1364/ol.10.000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The first known experimental results of real-time optical defect enhancement of a periodic mask are reported. A low-intensity reference wave interferes with the Fourier transform of an object beam to form a hologram in a photorefractive crystal. The nonlinear properties of the crystal perform a filtering operation, and phase-conjugate readout results in a defect-enhanced image. Defects of size 10 microm x 100 microm have been easily detected with high signalto- noise ratio, and a discussion of performance limitations is presented.
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