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Roberts JM, Machalek DA, Butler BC, Crescini J, Garland SM, Farnsworth A. Older women testing positive for HPV16/18 on cervical screening and risk of high-grade cervical abnormality. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1593-1600. [PMID: 36468183 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
In Australia's HPV-based cervical screening program, we previously showed that risk of histological high-grade abnormality at 1 year post screening decreased with age in women with oncogenic HPV. In this study, we followed 878 HPV16/18 positive women aged 55 years and over for up to 3 years post screening test, to determine the proportion with histological high-grade abnormality (HGA, incorporating high-grade squamous intraepithelial abnormality (HSIL), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma) and to correlate risk of HGA with liquid-based cytology result and with prior screening history. HGA was detected in 7.8% at 1 year and 10.0% at 3 years, with no significant difference (P = .136), despite the number of women with follow-up information significantly increasing from 82.9% to 91.0% (P < .0001). The proportion of HPV16/18 positive women with HGA at 3 years was highest in those with an HSIL cytology result (79.0%) and lowest in those with negative cytology (6.2%). Women with an adequate screening history had fewer HGA than such women with inadequate prior screening (6.6% vs 16.0%, P = .001) or with a history of an abnormality (6.6% vs 14.4%, P = .001). HPV16/18 infection in women over 55 years may have a different natural history from that in younger women, in whom HGA are more common after HPV16/18 detection. In HPV-based cervical screening programs, management algorithms for screen-detected abnormalities based on risk stratification should include factors such as age, screening history and index cytology result, so that women receive appropriate investigation and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorothy A Machalek
- Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bethan C Butler
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joanne Crescini
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Garland
- Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Molecular Microbiology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annabelle Farnsworth
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine Sydney Campus, Department of Pathology, University of Notre Dame, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Hennige SJ, Larsson AI, Orejas C, Gori A, De Clippele LH, Lee YC, Jimeno G, Georgoulas K, Kamenos NA, Roberts JM. Using the Goldilocks Principle to model coral ecosystem engineering. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211260. [PMID: 34375552 PMCID: PMC8354746 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and proliferation of reef-forming corals is of vast importance in terms of the biodiversity they support and the ecosystem services they provide. The complex three-dimensional structures engineered by corals are comprised of both live and dead coral, and the function, growth and stability of these systems will depend on the ratio of both. To model how the ratio of live : dead coral may change, the ‘Goldilocks Principle’ can be used, where organisms will only flourish if conditions are ‘just right’. With data from particle imaging velocimetry and numerical smooth particle hydrodynamic modelling with two simple rules, we demonstrate how this principle can be applied to a model reef system, and how corals are effectively optimizing their own local flow requirements through habitat engineering. Building on advances here, these approaches can be used in conjunction with numerical modelling to investigate the growth and mortality of biodiversity supporting framework in present-day and future coral reef structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Hennige
- Changing Oceans Group, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A I Larsson
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Orejas
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, IEO, CSIC, Gijón, Spain
| | - A Gori
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L H De Clippele
- Changing Oceans Group, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Y C Lee
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - G Jimeno
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Georgoulas
- Changing Oceans Group, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N A Kamenos
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J M Roberts
- Changing Oceans Group, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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3
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Newman K, Wilson R, Roberts JM, Mayo JR, Mohamed Ali AA, Brunner N, Sedlic A. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion for the evaluation of right ventricular function in functional cardiac CT compared to MRI. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:628.e1-628.e7. [PMID: 33879320 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare ejection fraction estimated by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) using cardiac computed tomography (CT) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the non-invasive reference standard, volumetric quantification of right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-one patients, who had undergone functional cardiac CT angiogram and cardiac MRI within 12 months, were evaluated retrospectively. Right ventricular (RV) volumes were processed using automated cardiac analysis software for CT, and manually processed by Simpson's method for MRI. MR-TAPSE was defined as the difference in length between two separate reference lines drawn at end diastole and end systole from the lateral tricuspid annulus to the right ventricular apex measured on four-chamber CINE images. CT-TAPSE was determined in an analogous manner on four-chamber reformatted images. RESULTS MR-TAPSE correlated moderately with MR-RVEF, (r=0.57, p<0.001). CT-TAPSE was found to correlate moderately well with MR-RVEF (r=0.58, p<0.001) and CT-RVEF (r=0.63, p<0.001). Bland-Altman analysis repeated with various multiplication factors for CT-TAPSE and MR-RVEF, determined a multiplication factor of 2.7 resulted in the lowest bias (0.74%). CONCLUSION CT-TAPSE is an easily obtainable parameter of RV function and is correlated with CT-RVEF and MR-RVEF. It can function as a quick check to rapidly validate CT right volumetry and estimate MR-RVEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Newman
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - R Wilson
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - J M Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - J R Mayo
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - A A Mohamed Ali
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - N Brunner
- Department of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Sedlic
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Canada.
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Gorham PW, Ludwig A, Deaconu C, Cao P, Allison P, Banerjee O, Batten L, Bhattacharya D, Beatty JJ, Belov K, Binns WR, Bugaev V, Chen CH, Chen P, Chen Y, Clem JM, Cremonesi L, Dailey B, Dowkontt PF, Fox BD, Gordon JWH, Hast C, Hill B, Hsu SY, Huang JJ, Hughes K, Hupe R, Israel MH, Liu TC, Macchiarulo L, Matsuno S, McBride K, Miki C, Nam J, Naudet CJ, Nichol RJ, Novikov A, Oberla E, Olmedo M, Prechelt R, Rauch BF, Roberts JM, Romero-Wolf A, Rotter B, Russell JW, Saltzberg D, Seckel D, Schoorlemmer H, Shiao J, Stafford S, Stockham J, Stockham M, Strutt B, Sutherland MS, Varner GS, Vieregg AG, Wang SH, Wissel SA. Unusual Near-Horizon Cosmic-Ray-like Events Observed by ANITA-IV. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:071103. [PMID: 33666466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.071103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ANITA's fourth long-duration balloon flight in 2016 detected 29 cosmic-ray (CR)-like events on a background of 0.37_{-0.17}^{+0.27} anthropogenic events. CRs are mainly seen in reflection off the Antarctic ice sheets, creating a phase-inverted waveform polarity. However, four of the below-horizon CR-like events show anomalous noninverted polarity, a p=5.3×10^{-4} chance if due to background. All anomalous events are from locations near the horizon; ANITA-IV observed no steeply upcoming anomalous events similar to the two such events seen in prior flights.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Gorham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Ludwig
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - C Deaconu
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - P Cao
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P Allison
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - O Banerjee
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - L Batten
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Department of Mathematics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K Belov
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - W R Binns
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - V Bugaev
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - C H Chen
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - P Chen
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - J M Clem
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - L Cremonesi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - B Dailey
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - P F Dowkontt
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - B D Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J W H Gordon
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Hill
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - S Y Hsu
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - J J Huang
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - K Hughes
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Hupe
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M H Israel
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - T C Liu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - L Macchiarulo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - S Matsuno
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - K McBride
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - C Miki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Nam
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - C J Naudet
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - R J Nichol
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - A Novikov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
- National Research Nuclear University, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - E Oberla
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Olmedo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - R Prechelt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - B F Rauch
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J M Roberts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Romero-Wolf
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - B Rotter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J W Russell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - D Saltzberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - D Seckel
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - H Schoorlemmer
- Max-Planck-Institute für Kernphysik, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Shiao
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - S Stafford
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Stockham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - M Stockham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - B Strutt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M S Sutherland
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - G S Varner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A G Vieregg
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S H Wang
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - S A Wissel
- Department of Physics, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, USA
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Vad J, Dunnett F, Liu F, Montagner CC, Roberts JM, Henry TB. Soaking up the oil: Biological impacts of dispersants and crude oil on the sponge Halichondria panicea. Chemosphere 2020; 257:127109. [PMID: 32497834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Used during an oil spill to minimise the formation of an oil slick, dispersants have negative biological effects on marine model organisms. However, no study has investigated the impacts of dispersants on adult sponge individuals. Here, we examine the effects of water accommodated oil fraction (WAF - oil in seawater), chemically enhanced WAF (CEWAF - oil and dispersant in seawater) and Benzo[A]Pyrene on sponge Halichondria panicea at physiological and molecular levels. Sponge clearance rate decreased sharply when exposed to WAF and CEWAF but the oil loading at which the clearance rate was reduced by 50% (ED50) was 39-fold lower in CEWAF than in WAF. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a homogenous molecular response with the greatest number of differentially expressed genes identified in CEWAF samples (1,461 genes). Specifically, genes involved in stress responses were up-regulated. This study presents evidence that the use of dispersants should be considered carefully in areas where sponges are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vad
- Changing Oceans Research Group, Grant Institute, School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - F Dunnett
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - F Liu
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, UK
| | - C C Montagner
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - J M Roberts
- Changing Oceans Research Group, Grant Institute, School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T B Henry
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK; Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Tennessee, USA
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Templeton DJ, Williamson C, Jin F, Hillman RJ, Roberts JM, Law C, Fairley CK, Garland SM, Grulich AE, Poynten IM. Prevalence and associations of larger burden of intra-anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions at baseline in an Australian cohort of gay and bisexual men: The Study of the Prevention of Anal Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 64:101661. [PMID: 31918181 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate factors associated with larger burden of intra-anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in a natural history study of HSIL. METHODS 617 gay and bisexual men (GBM) attended a baseline visit. High-resolution anoscopy-directed biopsy was performed of suspected HSIL. GBM with biopsy-confirmed HSIL (bHSIL) affecting a single-octant were compared with those who had bHSIL affecting a larger area. RESULTS Of 196 men with bHSIL at baseline, 73 (37.2 %) had larger bHSIL burden. Larger burden was independently associated with anal HPV16 detection (aOR 2.06, 95 % CI 1.09-3.89, p = 0.026) and infection with a greater number of high-risk HPV types (aOR per type increase 1.25, 95 % CI 1.05-1.49, p-trend = 0.010). CONCLUSION The observation that men with a larger burden of HSIL also had more risk factors for anal cancer suggests this group may warrant closer observation to ensure earlier detection, and thus improved prognosis, of individuals whose HSIL may progress to anal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Templeton
- The Kirby Institute, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia; Department of Sexual Health Medicine, Sydney Local Heath District, 16 Marsden Street, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - C Williamson
- Department of Sexual Health Medicine, Sydney Local Heath District, 16 Marsden Street, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; The University of Aberdeen, School of Medicine and Dentristy, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - F Jin
- The Kirby Institute, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.
| | - R J Hillman
- St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.
| | - J M Roberts
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, 14 Giffnock Avenue, Macquarie Park, Sydney, New South Wales 2113, Australia.
| | - C Law
- St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.
| | - C K Fairley
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, 580 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia.
| | - S M Garland
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Women's Hospital, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Infection Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, New South Wales 3052, Australia.
| | - A E Grulich
- The Kirby Institute, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.
| | - I M Poynten
- The Kirby Institute, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.
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Goddard SL, Templeton DJ, Petoumenos K, Jin F, Hillman RJ, Law C, Roberts JM, Fairley CK, Garland SM, Grulich AE, Poynten IM. Association of anal symptoms with anal high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) among men who have sex with men: Baseline data from the study of the prevention of anal cancer (SPANC). Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 58:12-16. [PMID: 30439602 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and anal symptoms has not been systematically investigated. METHODS The Study of Prevention of Anal Cancer is a prospective cohort study of men who have sex with men (MSM) ≥ 35 years old in Sydney, Australia. Self-reported symptoms were collected. Anal cytology and high-resolution anoscopy were undertaken. Using baseline visit data, men negative for squamous intra-epithelial lesion (SIL) were compared with men diagnosed with composite-HSIL (cytology and/or histology). Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of symptoms with HSIL. RESULTS Among 414 MSM included (composite-HSIL (n = 231); negative for SIL (n = 183)), 306 (73.9%) reported symptom(s) within the last 6 months. There was no association between any symptom and composite-HSIL. A significant association between anal lump and a larger burden of HSIL (at least 2 intra-anal octants) (anal lump within last month: p = 0.014; anal lump within last 6 months: p = 0.010) became non-significant after adjusting for HIV-status and recent anal warts (anal lump within last month: p = 0.057; anal lump within last 6 months: p = 0.182). CONCLUSIONS Among MSM age 35 years and older, most anal symptoms are not a useful marker of anal HSIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Goddard
- The Kirby Institute, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia; Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Nightingale Wing, Sydney Hospital, Macquarie Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia.
| | - D J Templeton
- The Kirby Institute, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia; Sexual Health Service, Sydney Local Health District, 16 Marsden Street, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - K Petoumenos
- The Kirby Institute, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.
| | - F Jin
- The Kirby Institute, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.
| | - R J Hillman
- St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.
| | - C Law
- St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.
| | - J M Roberts
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, 14 Giffnock Avenue, Macquarie Park, Sydney, New South Wales 2113, Australia.
| | - C K Fairley
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, 580 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - S M Garland
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Women's Hospital, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Infection Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, New South Wales 3052, Australia.
| | - A E Grulich
- The Kirby Institute, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.
| | - I M Poynten
- The Kirby Institute, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.
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8
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Gorham PW, Rotter B, Allison P, Banerjee O, Batten L, Beatty JJ, Bechtol K, Belov K, Besson DZ, Binns WR, Bugaev V, Cao P, Chen CC, Chen CH, Chen P, Clem JM, Connolly A, Cremonesi L, Dailey B, Deaconu C, Dowkontt PF, Fox BD, Gordon JWH, Hast C, Hill B, Hughes K, Huang JJ, Hupe R, Israel MH, Javaid A, Lam J, Liewer KM, Lin SY, Liu TC, Ludwig A, Macchiarulo L, Matsuno S, Miki C, Mulrey K, Nam J, Naudet CJ, Nichol RJ, Novikov A, Oberla E, Olmedo M, Prechelt R, Prohira S, Rauch BF, Roberts JM, Romero-Wolf A, Russell JW, Saltzberg D, Seckel D, Schoorlemmer H, Shiao J, Stafford S, Stockham J, Stockham M, Strutt B, Varner GS, Vieregg AG, Wang SH, Wissel SA. Observation of an Unusual Upward-Going Cosmic-Ray-like Event in the Third Flight of ANITA. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:161102. [PMID: 30387639 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.161102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on an upward traveling, radio-detected cosmic-ray-like impulsive event with characteristics closely matching an extensive air shower. This event, observed in the third flight of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA), a NASA-sponsored long-duration balloon payload, is consistent with a similar event reported in a previous flight. These events could be produced by the atmospheric decay of an upward-propagating τ lepton produced by a ν_{τ} interaction, although their relatively steep arrival angles create tension with the standard model neutrino cross section. Each of the two events have a posteriori background estimates of ≲10^{-2} events. If these are generated by τ-lepton decay, then either the charged-current ν_{τ} cross section is suppressed at EeV energies, or the events arise at moments when the peak flux of a transient neutrino source was much larger than the typical expected cosmogenic background neutrinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Gorham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - B Rotter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - P Allison
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - O Banerjee
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - L Batten
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K Bechtol
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - K Belov
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
- National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - W R Binns
- Department of Physics & McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - V Bugaev
- Department of Physics & McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - P Cao
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - C C Chen
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute. of Astrophysics, & Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - C H Chen
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute. of Astrophysics, & Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - P Chen
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute. of Astrophysics, & Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - J M Clem
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - A Connolly
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - L Cremonesi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - B Dailey
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - C Deaconu
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - P F Dowkontt
- Department of Physics & McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - B D Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J W H Gordon
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Hill
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - K Hughes
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J J Huang
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute. of Astrophysics, & Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - R Hupe
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M H Israel
- Department of Physics & McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - A Javaid
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J Lam
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - K M Liewer
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - S Y Lin
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute. of Astrophysics, & Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - T C Liu
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute. of Astrophysics, & Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - A Ludwig
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - L Macchiarulo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - S Matsuno
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C Miki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - K Mulrey
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J Nam
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute. of Astrophysics, & Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - C J Naudet
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - R J Nichol
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - A Novikov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
- National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - E Oberla
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Olmedo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - R Prechelt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - S Prohira
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - B F Rauch
- Department of Physics & McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J M Roberts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Romero-Wolf
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - J W Russell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - D Saltzberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - D Seckel
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - H Schoorlemmer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Shiao
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute. of Astrophysics, & Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - S Stafford
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Stockham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - M Stockham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - B Strutt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - G S Varner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A G Vieregg
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S H Wang
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute. of Astrophysics, & Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - S A Wissel
- Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, USA
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9
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Myers JE, Myatt L, Roberts JM, Redman C. COLLECT, a collaborative database for pregnancy and placental research studies worldwide. BJOG 2018; 126:8-10. [PMID: 29978556 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Myers
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - L Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - J M Roberts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research, Magee Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cwg Redman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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10
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Roberts JM, Jin F, Poynten IM, Law C, Templeton DJ, Thurloe JK, Garland SM, Grulich AE, Farnsworth A, Hillman RJ. Histological outcomes of anal high-grade cytopredictions. Cancer Cytopathol 2017; 126:136-144. [PMID: 29053225 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal studies of histological outcomes after anal cytological screening in men who have sex with men (MSM) are rare. This study measured the positive predictive values (PPVs) of each level of baseline cytological abnormality in MSM in Sydney, Australia, over a 12-month period. METHODS The Study of the Prevention of Anal Cancer is a 3-year prospective study of the natural history of anal human papillomavirus infection in MSM at least 35 years old. For each participant with a baseline cytological abnormality, the worst histology was recorded at the baseline high-resolution anoscopy and at 6 and 12 months. PPVs for a histological high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) diagnosis were calculated for each level of baseline cytological abnormality at each time point. RESULTS Among 424 men who completed 3 visits, the PPV of a cytological HSIL increased from 71.6% at the baseline to 86.4% at 6 months and to 92.6% at 12 months (P < .001). For cytological atypical squamous cells, cannot rule out high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H), the PPV increased from 51.5% at the baseline to 69.7% at 6 months and to 75.8% at 12 months (P = .004). At each time point, the PPV of a cytological HSIL was significantly higher than the PPV of ASC-H. The PPV of low-grade cytology reports was significantly lower than the PPV of ASC-H at each time point. CONCLUSIONS In a cohort of MSM, a baseline histological HSIL diagnosis after an HSIL cytoprediction is high, and it increases with further examinations over the course of 12 months. Lower levels of cytological abnormalities have significantly lower PPVs. These data can inform patient management and the quality assessment of each aspect of the screening pathway. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:136-44. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fengyi Jin
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Isobel Mary Poynten
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carmella Law
- St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David James Templeton
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,RPA Sexual Health, Sydney Local Health District and Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julia Kathleen Thurloe
- Cytopathology Department, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suzanne Marie Garland
- Regional HPV LabNet Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Edwin Grulich
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annabelle Farnsworth
- Cytopathology Department, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard John Hillman
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Dysplasia and Anal Cancer Services, HIV, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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11
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Green JS, Brown R, Umeda T, Rudser K, Elde S, Roberts JM, Hertz MI, Loor G, Young JH, Tomic R. Removal notice to (617) - Candida Colonization Is Associated with Improved Survival After Lung Transplant J Heart Lung Transplant 36 (2017) S238. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017; 36:919. [PMID: 28716440 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J S Green
- Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - R Brown
- PUBHL Biostatistics Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - T Umeda
- Medicine, PAAC Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - K Rudser
- PUBHL Biostatistics Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - S Elde
- Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - J M Roberts
- Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - M I Hertz
- Medicine, PAAC Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - G Loor
- Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - J H Young
- Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - R Tomic
- Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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12
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Leng CY, Low HC, Chua LL, Chong ML, Sulaiman H, Azwa I, Roberts JM, Kamarulzaman A, Rajasuriar R, Woo YL. Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) and HPV52 E6-specific immunity in HIV-infected adults on combination antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med 2016; 18:321-331. [PMID: 27649852 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers disproportionately affect those infected with HIV despite effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The primary aim of this study was to quantify HPV16 and HPV52 E6-specific interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) T-cell responses, a correlate of protective immunity, in the first year following cART initiation and subsequently in those patients with suboptimal (sIR) and optimal (oIR) immune reconstitution. METHODS Ninety-four HIV-infected patients were recruited to the study; a longitudinal cohort of patients recruited just prior to commencing cART and followed up for 48 weeks (n = 27), and a cross-sectional cohort (n = 67) consisting of patients with sIR (CD4 T-cell count < 350 cells/μL) and oIR (CD4 T-cell count > 500 cells/μL) after a minimum of 2 years on cART. Controls (n = 29) consisted of HIV-negative individuals. IFN-γ ELISPOT responses against HPV16 and HPV52 E6 were correlated to clinical characteristics, anal and oral HPV carriage, T-cell maturational subsets, markers of activation, senescence and T-regulatory cells. RESULTS HPV16 and HPV52 E6-specific T-cell responses were detected in only one of 27 patients (3.7%) during the initial phase of immune recovery. After at least 2 years of cART, those who achieved oIR had significantly higher E6-specific responses (9 of 34; 26.5%) compared with those with sIR (2 of 32; 6.3%) (P = 0.029). Apart from higher CD4 T-cell counts and lower CD4 T-cell activation, no other immunological correlates were associated with the detection of HPV16 and HPV52 E6-specific responses. CONCLUSIONS HPV16 and HPV52 E6-specific IFN-γ T-cell responses, a correlate of protective immunity, were detected more frequently among HIV-infected patients who achieved optimal immune recovery on cART (26.5%) compared with those with suboptimal recovery (6.3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Leng
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H C Low
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - L L Chua
- University of Malaya Cancer Research Institute (UMCRI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M L Chong
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H Sulaiman
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I Azwa
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J M Roberts
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Kamarulzaman
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Rajasuriar
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Y L Woo
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University of Malaya Cancer Research Institute (UMCRI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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Henry LA, Stehmann MFW, De Clippele L, Findlay HS, Golding N, Roberts JM. Seamount egg-laying grounds of the deep-water skate Bathyraja richardsoni. J Fish Biol 2016; 89:1473-1481. [PMID: 27350418 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly localized concentrations of elasmobranch egg capsules of the deep-water skate Bathyraja richardsoni were discovered during the first remotely operated vehicle (ROV) survey of the Hebrides Terrace Seamount in the Rockall Trough, north-east Atlantic Ocean. Conductivity-temperature-depth profiling indicated that the eggs were bathed in a specific environmental niche of well-oxygenated waters between 4·20 and 4·55° C, and salinity 34·95-35·06, on a coarse to fine-grained sandy seabed on the seamount's eastern flank, whereas a second type of egg capsule (possibly belonging to the skate Dipturus sp.) was recorded exclusively amongst the reef-building stony coral Solenosmilia variabilis. The depths of both egg-laying habitats (1489-1580 m) provide a de facto refuge from fisheries mortality for younger life stages of these skates.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-A Henry
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - M F W Stehmann
- ICHTHYS, Ichthyological Research Laboratory, Hildesheimer Weg 13, 22459, Hamburg, Germany
| | - L De Clippele
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - H S Findlay
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, U.K
| | - N Golding
- Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Monkstone House, City Road, Peterborough, PE1 1JY, U.K
| | - J M Roberts
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
- Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 South College Road, Wilmington, NC, 28403, U.S.A
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14
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Abstract
Cold-water corals, such as Lophelia pertusa, are key habitat-forming organisms found throughout the world's oceans to 3000 m deep. The complex three-dimensional framework made by these vulnerable marine ecosystems support high biodiversity and commercially important species. Given their importance, a key question is how both the living and the dead framework will fare under projected climate change. Here, we demonstrate that over 12 months L. pertusa can physiologically acclimate to increased CO2, showing sustained net calcification. However, their new skeletal structure changes and exhibits decreased crystallographic and molecular-scale bonding organization. Although physiological acclimatization was evident, we also demonstrate that there is a negative correlation between increasing CO2 levels and breaking strength of exposed framework (approx. 20-30% weaker after 12 months), meaning the exposed bases of reefs will be less effective 'load-bearers', and will become more susceptible to bioerosion and mechanical damage by 2100.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Hennige
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - L C Wicks
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - N A Kamenos
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - G Perna
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - H S Findlay
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
| | - J M Roberts
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403-5928, USA Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll PA37 IQA, UK
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15
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Margaret Roberts J, Jin F, Ekman D, Kay Adams M, Lindsay McDonald R, Kathleen Thurloe J, Richards A, Mary Poynten I, Law C, Kincaid Fairley C, John Hillman R, Tabrizi SN, Marie Cornall A, James Templeton D, Marie Garland S, Edwin Grulich A, Farnsworth A. Is there a role for the thinprep imaging system in reporting anal cytology? Diagn Cytopathol 2016; 44:384-8. [PMID: 26876374 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ThinPrep Imaging System (TIS) is an accurate time-saving method of reading cervical ThinPrep slides in screening programs. As anal and cervical cytology are morphologically similar, TIS can potentially be used for anal cytology. We assessed the performance of TIS on anal ThinPrep slides from homosexual men in a natural history study of human papillomavirus-related anal abnormalities. METHODS Four hundred nineteen anal cytology slides were processed by TIS and classified by a cytologist as either No further review (slide archived) or Manual review (slide requiring full manual screen). The results were compared with the original manual screening report for all slides and specifically for those screening episodes accompanied by a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) on concurrent biopsy. RESULTS One hundred seventy six of 419 (42.0%) slides were classified as No further review, with a trend of decreasing proportions as the degree of severity of the cytological abnormality increased. Thirteen (27.7%) slides with an original unsatisfactory report were classified as No further review. Eighty two (92.1%) of those with biopsy HSIL and cytological abnormality were classified for Manual review, including all 45 (100%) with cytological HSIL. CONCLUSION The cervical algorithm of TIS performed best on anal samples when HSIL was present both cytologically and histologically. The 27.7% unsatisfactory slides classified as No further review may indicate need for use of different criteria from cervical cytology. Because of the high prevalence of abnormalities, and hence the large proportion of slides needing manual review, the cytologist time-saving would compare unfavorably with use of TIS in cervical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fengyi Jin
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard John Hillman
- Western Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Western Sydney Local Health District, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sepehr N Tabrizi
- Regional HPV Labnet Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, the Royal Women's Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alyssa Marie Cornall
- Regional HPV Labnet Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, the Royal Women's Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David James Templeton
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.,RPA Sexual Health, Sydney Local Health District, Australia
| | - Suzanne Marie Garland
- Regional HPV Labnet Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, the Royal Women's Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Wolfe GM, Kaiser J, Hanisco TF, Keutsch FN, de Gouw JA, Gilman JB, Graus M, Hatch CD, Holloway J, Horowitz LW, Lee BH, Lerner BM, Lopez-Hilifiker F, Mao J, Marvin MR, Peischl J, Pollack IB, Roberts JM, Ryerson TB, Thornton JA, Veres PR, Warneke C. Formaldehyde production from isoprene oxidation across NO x regimes. Atmos Chem Phys 2016. [PMID: 29619046 DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-2597-] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The chemical link between isoprene and formaldehyde (HCHO) is a strong, non-linear function of NOx (= NO + NO2). This relationship is a linchpin for top-down isoprene emission inventory verification from orbital HCHO column observations. It is also a benchmark for overall photochemical mechanism performance with regard to VOC oxidation. Using a comprehensive suite of airborne in situ observations over the Southeast U.S., we quantify HCHO production across the urban-rural spectrum. Analysis of isoprene and its major first-generation oxidation products allows us to define both a "prompt" yield of HCHO (molecules of HCHO produced per molecule of freshly-emitted isoprene) and the background HCHO mixing ratio (from oxidation of longer-lived hydrocarbons). Over the range of observed NOx values (roughly 0.1 - 2 ppbv), the prompt yield increases by a factor of 3 (from 0.3 to 0.9 ppbv ppbv-1), while background HCHO increases by a factor of 2 (from 1.6 to 3.3 ppbv). We apply the same method to evaluate the performance of both a global chemical transport model (AM3) and a measurement-constrained 0-D steady state box model. Both models reproduce the NOx dependence of the prompt HCHO yield, illustrating that models with updated isoprene oxidation mechanisms can adequately capture the link between HCHO and recent isoprene emissions. On the other hand, both models under-estimate background HCHO mixing ratios, suggesting missing HCHO precursors, inadequate representation of later-generation isoprene degradation and/or under-estimated hydroxyl radical concentrations. Detailed process rates from the box model simulation demonstrate a 3-fold increase in HCHO production across the range of observed NOx values, driven by a 100% increase in OH and a 40% increase in branching of organic peroxy radical reactions to produce HCHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Wolfe
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T F Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - F N Keutsch
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J A de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J B Gilman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M Graus
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - C D Hatch
- Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College, Conway, AR, USA
| | - J Holloway
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - L W Horowitz
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - B H Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - B M Lerner
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - F Lopez-Hilifiker
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Mao
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
| | - M R Marvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J Peischl
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - I B Pollack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J M Roberts
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - T B Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J A Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P R Veres
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - C Warneke
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
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17
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Warneke C, Trainer M, de Gouw JA, Parrish DD, Fahey DW, Ravishankara AR, Middlebrook AM, Brock CA, Roberts JM, Brown SS, Neuman JA, Lerner BM, Lack D, Law D, Hübler G, Pollack I, Sjostedt S, Ryerson TB, Gilman JB, Liao J, Holloway J, Peischl J, Nowak JB, Aikin K, Min KE, Washenfelder RA, Graus MG, Richardson M, Markovic MZ, Wagner NL, Welti A, Veres PR, Edwards P, Schwarz JP, Gordon T, Dube WP, McKeen S, Brioude J, Ahmadov R, Bougiatioti A, Lin JJ, Nenes A, Wolfe GM, Hanisco TF, Lee BH, Lopez-Hilfiker FD, Thornton JA, Keutsch FN, Kaiser J, Mao J, Hatch C. Instrumentation and Measurement Strategy for the NOAA SENEX Aircraft Campaign as Part of the Southeast Atmosphere Study 2013. Atmos Meas Tech 2016. [PMID: 29619117 DOI: 10.5194/amt-2015-388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural emissions of ozone-and-aerosol-precursor gases such as isoprene and monoterpenes are high in the southeast of the US. In addition, anthropogenic emissions are significant in the Southeast US and summertime photochemistry is rapid. The NOAA-led SENEX (Southeast Nexus) aircraft campaign was one of the major components of the Southeast Atmosphere Study (SAS) and was focused on studying the interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions to form secondary pollutants. During SENEX, the NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted 20 research flights between 27 May and 10 July 2013 based out of Smyrna, TN. Here we describe the experimental approach, the science goals and early results of the NOAA SENEX campaign. The aircraft, its capabilities and standard measurements are described. The instrument payload is summarized including detection limits, accuracy, precision and time resolutions for all gas-and-aerosol phase instruments. The inter-comparisons of compounds measured with multiple instruments on the NOAA WP-3D are presented and were all within the stated uncertainties, except two of the three NO2 measurements. The SENEX flights included day- and nighttime flights in the Southeast as well as flights over areas with intense shale gas extraction (Marcellus, Fayetteville and Haynesville shale). We present one example flight on 16 June 2013, which was a daytime flight over the Atlanta region, where several crosswind transects of plumes from the city and nearby point sources, such as power plants, paper mills and landfills, were flown. The area around Atlanta has large biogenic isoprene emissions, which provided an excellent case for studying the interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions. In this example flight, chemistry in and outside the Atlanta plumes was observed for several hours after emission. The analysis of this flight showcases the strategies implemented to answer some of the main SENEX science questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Warneke
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - M Trainer
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J A de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - D D Parrish
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - D W Fahey
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - A R Ravishankara
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - A M Middlebrook
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - C A Brock
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J M Roberts
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - S S Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J A Neuman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - B M Lerner
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - D Lack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - D Law
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - G Hübler
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - I Pollack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - S Sjostedt
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - T B Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J B Gilman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J Liao
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J Holloway
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J Peischl
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J B Nowak
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - K Aikin
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - K-E Min
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - R A Washenfelder
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - M G Graus
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - M Richardson
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - M Z Markovic
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - N L Wagner
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - A Welti
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - P R Veres
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - P Edwards
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J P Schwarz
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - T Gordon
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - W P Dube
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - S McKeen
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J Brioude
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - R Ahmadov
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | | | - J J Lin
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - A Nenes
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece
- National Observatory of Athens, Greece
| | - G M Wolfe
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- University of Maryland Baltimore County
| | - T F Hanisco
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
| | - B H Lee
- University of Washington, Madison, WI
| | | | | | - F N Keutsch
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - J Kaiser
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - J Mao
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, NOAA, Princeton, NJ
- Princeton University
| | - C Hatch
- Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College, 1600 Washington Ave., Conway, AR, USA
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18
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Warneke C, Trainer M, de Gouw JA, Parrish DD, Fahey DW, Ravishankara AR, Middlebrook AM, Brock CA, Roberts JM, Brown SS, Neuman JA, Lerner BM, Lack D, Law D, Hübler G, Pollack I, Sjostedt S, Ryerson TB, Gilman JB, Liao J, Holloway J, Peischl J, Nowak JB, Aikin K, Min KE, Washenfelder RA, Graus MG, Richardson M, Markovic MZ, Wagner NL, Welti A, Veres PR, Edwards P, Schwarz JP, Gordon T, Dube WP, McKeen S, Brioude J, Ahmadov R, Bougiatioti A, Lin JJ, Nenes A, Wolfe GM, Hanisco TF, Lee BH, Lopez-Hilfiker FD, Thornton JA, Keutsch FN, Kaiser J, Mao J, Hatch C. Instrumentation and Measurement Strategy for the NOAA SENEX Aircraft Campaign as Part of the Southeast Atmosphere Study 2013. Atmos Meas Tech 2016; 9:3063-3093. [PMID: 29619117 PMCID: PMC5880326 DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-3063-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural emissions of ozone-and-aerosol-precursor gases such as isoprene and monoterpenes are high in the southeast of the US. In addition, anthropogenic emissions are significant in the Southeast US and summertime photochemistry is rapid. The NOAA-led SENEX (Southeast Nexus) aircraft campaign was one of the major components of the Southeast Atmosphere Study (SAS) and was focused on studying the interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions to form secondary pollutants. During SENEX, the NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted 20 research flights between 27 May and 10 July 2013 based out of Smyrna, TN. Here we describe the experimental approach, the science goals and early results of the NOAA SENEX campaign. The aircraft, its capabilities and standard measurements are described. The instrument payload is summarized including detection limits, accuracy, precision and time resolutions for all gas-and-aerosol phase instruments. The inter-comparisons of compounds measured with multiple instruments on the NOAA WP-3D are presented and were all within the stated uncertainties, except two of the three NO2 measurements. The SENEX flights included day- and nighttime flights in the Southeast as well as flights over areas with intense shale gas extraction (Marcellus, Fayetteville and Haynesville shale). We present one example flight on 16 June 2013, which was a daytime flight over the Atlanta region, where several crosswind transects of plumes from the city and nearby point sources, such as power plants, paper mills and landfills, were flown. The area around Atlanta has large biogenic isoprene emissions, which provided an excellent case for studying the interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions. In this example flight, chemistry in and outside the Atlanta plumes was observed for several hours after emission. The analysis of this flight showcases the strategies implemented to answer some of the main SENEX science questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Warneke
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - M Trainer
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J A de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - D D Parrish
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - D W Fahey
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - A R Ravishankara
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - A M Middlebrook
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - C A Brock
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J M Roberts
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - S S Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J A Neuman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - B M Lerner
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - D Lack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - D Law
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - G Hübler
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - I Pollack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - S Sjostedt
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - T B Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J B Gilman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J Liao
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J Holloway
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J Peischl
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J B Nowak
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - K Aikin
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - K-E Min
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - R A Washenfelder
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - M G Graus
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - M Richardson
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - M Z Markovic
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - N L Wagner
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - A Welti
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - P R Veres
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - P Edwards
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J P Schwarz
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - T Gordon
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - W P Dube
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - S McKeen
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J Brioude
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - R Ahmadov
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | | | - J J Lin
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - A Nenes
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece
- National Observatory of Athens, Greece
| | - G M Wolfe
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- University of Maryland Baltimore County
| | - T F Hanisco
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
| | - B H Lee
- University of Washington, Madison, WI
| | | | | | - F N Keutsch
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - J Kaiser
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - J Mao
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, NOAA, Princeton, NJ
- Princeton University
| | - C Hatch
- Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College, 1600 Washington Ave., Conway, AR, USA
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19
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Moscicki AB, Darragh TM, Berry-Lawhorn JM, Roberts JM, Khan MJ, Boardman LA, Chiao E, Einstein MH, Goldstone SE, Jay N, Likes WM, Stier EA, Welton ML, Wiley DJ, Palefsky JM. Screening for Anal Cancer in Women. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2015; 19:S27-42. [PMID: 26103446 PMCID: PMC4479419 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of anal cancer is higher in women than men in the general population and has been increasing for several decades. Similar to cervical cancer, most anal cancers are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), and it is believed that anal cancers are preceded by anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Our goals were to summarize the literature on anal cancer, HSIL, and HPV infection in women and to provide screening recommendations in women. METHODS A group of experts convened by the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology and the International Anal Neoplasia Society reviewed the literature on anal HPV infection, anal SIL, and anal cancer in women. RESULTS Anal HPV infection is common in women but is relatively transient in most. The risk of anal HSIL and cancer varies considerably by risk group, with human immunodeficiency virus-infected women and those with a history of lower genital tract neoplasia at highest risk compared with the general population. CONCLUSIONS While there are no data yet to demonstrate that identification and treatment of anal HSIL leads to reduced risk of anal cancer, women in groups at the highest risk should be queried for anal cancer symptoms and required to have digital anorectal examinations to detect anal cancers. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected women and women with lower genital tract neoplasia may be considered for screening with anal cytology with triage to treatment if HSIL is diagnosed. Healthy women with no known risk factors or anal cancer symptoms do not need to be routinely screened for anal cancer or anal HSIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Barbara Moscicki
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Teresa M. Darragh
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Michelle J. Khan
- Division of Women's Reproductive Healthcare Department of OB/GYN, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lori A. Boardman
- Florida Hospital for Women, Florida Hospital System, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Chiao
- Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark H. Einstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Naomi Jay
- Anal Neoplasia Clinic, Research and Education (ANCRE) Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wendy M. Likes
- College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Mark Lane Welton
- Colon & Rectal Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dorothy J. Wiley
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joel M. Palefsky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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20
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Hofmeyr GJ, Seuc AH, Betrán AP, Purnat TD, Ciganda A, Munjanja SP, Manyame S, Singata M, Fawcus S, Frank K, Hall DR, Cormick G, Roberts JM, Bergel EF, Drebit SK, Von Dadelszen P, Belizan JM. The effect of calcium supplementation on blood pressure in non-pregnant women with previous pre-eclampsia: An exploratory, randomized placebo controlled study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2015; 5:273-9. [PMID: 26597740 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological findings suggest that the link between poverty and pre-eclampsia might be dietary calcium deficiency. Calcium supplementation has been associated with a modest reduction in pre-eclampsia, and also in blood pressure (BP). METHODS This exploratory sub-study of the WHO Calcium and Pre-eclampsia (CAP) trial aims to determine the effect of 500mg/day elemental calcium on the blood pressure of non-pregnant women with previous pre-eclampsia. Non-pregnant women with at least one subsequent follow-up trial visit at approximately 12 or 24weeks after randomization were included. RESULTS Of 836 women randomized by 9 September 2014, 1st visit data were available in 367 women of whom 217 had previously had severe pre-eclampsia, 2nd visit data were available in 201 women. There was an overall trend to reduced BP in the calcium supplementation group (1-2.5mmHg) although differences were small and not statistically significant. In the subgroup with previous severe pre-eclampsia, the mean diastolic BP change in the calcium group (-2.6mmHg) was statistically larger than in the placebo group (+0.8mmHg), (mean difference -3.4, 95% CI -0.4 to -6.4; p=0.025). The effect of calcium on diastolic BP at 12weeks was greater than in those with non-severe pre-eclampsia (p=0.020, ANOVA analysis). CONCLUSIONS There is an overall trend to reduced BP but only statistically significant in the diastolic BP of women with previous severe pre-eclampsia. This is consistent with our hypothesis that this group is more sensitive to calcium supplementation, however results need to be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Hofmeyr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East London Hospital Complex, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape Department of Health, East London, South Africa.
| | - A H Seuc
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - A P Betrán
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - T D Purnat
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Marmorvej 51, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - A Ciganda
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Emilio Ravignani 2024, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | - S Manyame
- University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - M Singata
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Fort Hare University, South Africa.
| | - S Fawcus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Head, Obstetric Services, Mowbray Maternity Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - K Frank
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
| | - D R Hall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - G Cormick
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Emilio Ravignani 2024, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - J M Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - E F Bergel
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Emilio Ravignani 2024, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - S K Drebit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Room V3-339, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - P Von Dadelszen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Room V3-339, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - J M Belizan
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Emilio Ravignani 2024, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Hennige SJ, Morrison CL, Form AU, Büscher J, Kamenos NA, Roberts JM. Self-recognition in corals facilitates deep-sea habitat engineering. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6782. [PMID: 25345760 PMCID: PMC5381374 DOI: 10.1038/srep06782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of coral reefs to engineer complex three-dimensional habitats is central to their success and the rich biodiversity they support. In tropical reefs, encrusting coralline algae bind together substrates and dead coral framework to make continuous reef structures, but beyond the photic zone, the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa also forms large biogenic reefs, facilitated by skeletal fusion. Skeletal fusion in tropical corals can occur in closely related or juvenile individuals as a result of non-aggressive skeletal overgrowth or allogeneic tissue fusion, but contact reactions in many species result in mortality if there is no ‘self-recognition’ on a broad species level. This study reveals areas of ‘flawless’ skeletal fusion in Lophelia pertusa, potentially facilitated by allogeneic tissue fusion, are identified as having small aragonitic crystals or low levels of crystal organisation, and strong molecular bonding. Regardless of the mechanism, the recognition of ‘self’ between adjacent L. pertusa colonies leads to no observable mortality, facilitates ecosystem engineering and reduces aggression-related energetic expenditure in an environment where energy conservation is crucial. The potential for self-recognition at a species level, and subsequent skeletal fusion in framework-forming cold-water corals is an important first step in understanding their significance as ecological engineers in deep-seas worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Hennige
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland
| | - C L Morrison
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - A U Form
- GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - J Büscher
- GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - N A Kamenos
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland
| | - J M Roberts
- 1] Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland [2] Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, PA37 1QA, Scotland [3] University of North Carolina Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
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22
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Weissgerber TL, Gandley RE, Roberts JM, Patterson CC, Holmes VA, Young IS, McCance DR. Haptoglobin phenotype, pre-eclampsia, and response to supplementation with vitamins C and E in pregnant women with type-1 diabetes. BJOG 2013; 120:1192-9. [PMID: 23718253 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The phenotype of the antioxidant and pro-angiogenic protein haptoglobin (Hp) predicts cardiovascular disease risk and treatment response to antioxidant vitamins in individuals with diabetes. Our objective was to determine whether Hp phenotype influences pre-eclampsia risk, or the efficacy of vitamins C and E in preventing pre-eclampsia, in women with type-1 diabetes. DESIGN This is a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial in which women with diabetes received daily vitamins C and E, or placebo, from 8 to 22 weeks of gestation until delivery. SETTING Twenty-five antenatal metabolic clinics across the UK (in north-west England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland). POPULATION Pregnant women with type-1 diabetes. METHODS Hp phenotype was determined in white women who completed the study and had plasma samples available (n = 685). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Pre-eclampsia. RESULTS Compared with Hp 2-1, Hp 1-1 (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.30-1.16) and Hp 2-2 (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.60-1.45) were not associated with significantly decreased pre-eclampsia risk after adjusting for treatment group and HbA1c at randomisation. Our study was not powered to detect an interaction between Hp phenotype and treatment response; however, our preliminary analysis suggests that vitamins C and E did not prevent pre-eclampsia in women of any Hp phenotype (Hp 1-1, OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.22-2.71; Hp 2-1, OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.46-1.43; Hp 2-2, 0.67, 95% CI 0.34-1.33), after adjusting for HbA1c at randomisation. CONCLUSIONS The Hp phenotype did not significantly affect pre-eclampsia risk in women with type-1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Weissgerber
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Myatt L, Clifton RG, Roberts JM, Spong CY, Wapner RJ, Thorp JM, Mercer BM, Peaceman AM, Ramin SM, Carpenter MW, Sciscione A, Tolosa JE, Saade G, Sorokin Y, Anderson GD. Can changes in angiogenic biomarkers between the first and second trimesters of pregnancy predict development of pre-eclampsia in a low-risk nulliparous patient population? BJOG 2013; 120:1183-91. [PMID: 23331974 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if change in maternal angiogenic biomarkers between the first and second trimesters predicts pre-eclampsia in low-risk nulliparous women. DESIGN A nested case-control study of change in maternal plasma soluble Flt-1 (sFlt-1), soluble endoglin (sEng) and placenta growth factor (PlGF). We studied 158 pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia and 468 normotensive nonproteinuric controls. SETTING A multicentre study in 16 academic medical centres in the USA. POPULATION Low-risk nulliparous women. METHODS Luminex assays for PlGF, sFlt-1 and sEng performed on maternal EDTA plasma collected at 9-12, 15-18 and 23-26 weeks of gestation. Rate of change of analyte between first and either early or late second trimester was calculated with and without adjustment for baseline clinical characteristics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in PlGF, sFlt-1 and sEng. RESULTS Rates of change of PlGF, sEng and sFlt-1 between first and either early or late second trimesters were significantly different in women who developed pre-eclampsia, severe pre-eclampsia or early-onset pre-eclampsia compared with women who remained normotensive. Inclusion of clinical characteristics (race, body mass index and blood pressure at entry) increased sensitivity for detecting severe and particularly early-onset pre-eclampsia but not pre-eclampsia overall. Receiver operating characteristics curves for change from first to early second trimester in sEng, PlGF and sFlt-1 with clinical characteristics had areas under the curve of 0.88, 0.84 and 0.86, respectively, and for early-onset pre-eclampsia with sensitivities of 88% (95% CI 64-99), 77% (95% CI 50-93) and 77% (95% CI 50-93) for 80% specificity, respectively. Similar results were seen in the change from first to late second trimester. CONCLUSION Change in angiogenic biomarkers between first and early second trimester combined with clinical characteristics has strong utility for predicting early-onset pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Bahreini R, Middlebrook AM, Brock CA, de Gouw JA, McKeen SA, Williams LR, Daumit KE, Lambe AT, Massoli P, Canagaratna MR, Ahmadov R, Carrasquillo AJ, Cross ES, Ervens B, Holloway JS, Hunter JF, Onasch TB, Pollack IB, Roberts JM, Ryerson TB, Warneke C, Davidovits P, Worsnop DR, Kroll JH. Mass spectral analysis of organic aerosol formed downwind of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: field studies and laboratory confirmations. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:8025-8034. [PMID: 22788666 DOI: 10.1021/es301691k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In June 2010, the NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted two survey flights around the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill. The Gulf oil spill resulted in an isolated source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors in a relatively clean environment. Measurements of aerosol composition and volatile organic species (VOCs) indicated formation of SOA from intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) downwind of the oil spill (Science2011, 331, doi 10.1126/science.1200320). In an effort to better understand formation of SOA in this environment, we present mass spectral characteristics of SOA in the Gulf and of SOA formed in the laboratory from evaporated light crude oil. Compared to urban primary organic aerosol, high-mass-resolution analysis of the background-subtracted SOA spectra in the Gulf (for short, "Gulf SOA") showed higher contribution of C(x)H(y)O(+) relative to C(x)H(y)(+) fragments at the same nominal mass. In each transect downwind of the DWH spill site, a gradient in the degree of oxidation of the Gulf SOA was observed: more oxidized SOA (oxygen/carbon = O/C ∼0.4) was observed in the area impacted by fresher oil; less oxidized SOA (O/C ∼0.3), with contribution from fragments with a hydrocarbon backbone, was found in a broader region of more-aged surface oil. Furthermore, in the plumes originating from the more-aged oil, contribution of oxygenated fragments to SOA decreased with downwind distance. Despite differences between experimental conditions in the laboratory and the ambient environment, mass spectra of SOA formed from gas-phase oxidation of crude oil by OH radicals in a smog chamber and a flow tube reactor strongly resembled the mass spectra of Gulf SOA (r(2) > 0.94). Processes that led to the observed Gulf SOA characteristics are also likely to occur in polluted regions where VOCs and IVOCs are coemitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bahreini
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
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Hawkins TLA, Roberts JM, Mangos GJ, Davis GK, Roberts LM, Brown MA. Plasma uric acid remains a marker of poor outcome in hypertensive pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG 2012. [PMID: 22251368 DOI: 10.1111/jm471-0528.2011.03232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between hyperuricaemia, haemoconcentration and maternal and fetal outcomes in hypertensive pregnancies. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of a database of hypertensive pregnancies. SETTING St George Hospital, a major obstetric unit in Australia. POPULATION A cohort of 1880 pregnant women without underlying hypertension or renal disease, referred for management of pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension. METHODS Demographic, clinical and biochemical data at time of referral and delivery were collected for each pregnancy. Women were grouped according to diagnosis (pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension) and logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between uric acid, haemoglobin, haematocrit and adverse outcomes; an α level of P < 0.01 was used for statistical significance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Composites of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. RESULTS In women with 'benign' GH (without proteinuria or any other maternal clinical feature of pre-eclampsia) gestation-corrected hyperuricaemia was associated with increased risk of a small-for-gestational-age infant (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.3-4.8) and prematurity (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.4-7.2), but not with adverse maternal outcome. In the whole cohort of hypertensive pregnant women (those with pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension) the risk of adverse maternal outcome (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.6-2.4) and adverse fetal outcome (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.5-2.1) increased with increasing concentration of uric acid. Hyperuricaemia corrected for gestation provided additional strength to these associations. Haemoglobin and haematocrit were not associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. CONCLUSIONS Hyperuricaemia in hypertensive pregnancy remains an important finding because it identifies women at increased risk of adverse maternal and particularly fetal outcome; the latter, even in women with gestational hypertension without any other feature of pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L-A Hawkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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26
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Hawkins TLA, Roberts JM, Mangos GJ, Davis GK, Roberts LM, Brown MA. Plasma uric acid remains a marker of poor outcome in hypertensive pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG 2012; 119:484-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Roberts JM, Ekman D. The reporting of anal cytology and histology samples: establishing terminology and criteria. Sex Health 2012; 9:562-7. [DOI: 10.1071/sh10140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the human papillomavirus (HPV) related cytomorphology and histopathology of the anal canal is underpinned by our knowledge of HPV infection in the cervix. In this review, we utilise cervical reporting of cytological and histological specimens as a foundation for the development of standardised and evidence-based terminology and criteria for reporting of anal specimens. We advocate use of the Australian Modified Bethesda System 2004 for reporting anal cytology. We propose the use of a two-tiered histological reporting system for noninvasive disease – low-grade and high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia. These classification systems reflect current understanding of the biology of HPV and enhance diagnostic reproducibility. Biomarkers such as p16INK4A may prove useful in further improving diagnostic accuracy. Standardisation is important because it will increase the value of the data collected as Australian centres develop programs for screening for anal neoplasia.
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Roberts JM, Thurloe JK. Comparison of the performance of anal cytology and cervical cytology as screening tests. Sex Health 2012; 9:568-73. [DOI: 10.1071/sh11178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cytology screening has a long history and has successfully reduced the impact of cervical cancer in many countries. Anal cytology is a relative newcomer and anal screening is currently offered in only a few centres around the world. Many questions need to be answered before anal screening is more widely adopted. While there are many similarities between cervical and anal squamous cell carcinoma, there are also important differences: differences in the prevalence of disease, in the ‘at-risk’ target populations and possibly in the robustness of the reference standard of biopsy. The performance of cytology as a screening test in the literature varies widely but it is essential to understand that some of this variability is due to differences in the definitions of key parameters in the various studies. For cervical screening, estimates of sensitivity have ranged from 19% to 94% and specificity from 94% to 98%. For anal screening, data are fewer and more limited. Estimates of the sensitivity of anal cytology in men who have sex with men and HIV-positive populations have ranged from 55% to 87% and specificity from 37% to 76%. Ultimately, rather than comparing anal with cervical cytology, it may be more helpful to assess the value of anal cytology independently through well designed trials.
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Benedict MQ, Sandve SR, Wilkins EE, Roberts JM. Relationship of larval desiccation to Anopheles gambiae Giles and An. arabiensis Patton survival. J Vector Ecol 2010; 35:116-123. [PMID: 20618657 DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2010.00037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between mosquito 4th instar larval desiccation and survival to adulthood was explored by three methods in the laboratory. Two colonies of Anopheles arabiensis and one of Anopheles gambiae were studied. We found significant differences in tolerance to desiccation among all three stocks suggesting an intra- and interspecific genetic component to desiccation tolerance. An. arabiensis KGB, originating from Zimbabwe about 1975, had a much-reduced desiccation tolerance compared to An. gambiae G3, colonized in the Gambia in 1975, and An. arabiensis DONGOLA which originated in Sudan in 2004. Individuals of the G3 stock survived desiccation of times up to 40 min with survival of 0.52. The degree of difference in tolerance between G3 and DONGOLA was smallest and was detected by one of three experimental methods. Mass losses of individuals that were weighed individually and survived to adulthood averaged 27% and 29% for G3 and DONGOLA and 20% for the less tolerant KGB stock, respectively. Such differences in survival in transiently dry larval habitats may account in part for differences in the distribution of these species and karyotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Q Benedict
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
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Versen-Höynck FV, Hillemanns P, Rajakumar A, Roberts JM, Powers RW. Die plazentare Adenosinrezeptor Expression ist höher bei Frauen mit Präeklampsie. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1239030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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von Versen-Höynck F, Rajakumar A, Bainbridge SA, Gallaher MJ, Roberts JM, Powers RW. Human placental adenosine receptor expression is elevated in preeclampsia and hypoxia increases expression of the A2A receptor. Placenta 2009; 30:434-42. [PMID: 19303140 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Placental hypoxia as a result of impaired trophoblast invasion is suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Hypoxia is a potent stimulus for the release of adenosine, and the actions of adenosine are mediated through four adenosine receptors, A(1), A(2A), A(2B) and A(3). We investigated the presence, distribution and expression of adenosine receptor subtypes in the human placenta, the expression of the adenosine receptors in placentas from pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, small for gestational age (SGA) infants and uncomplicated pregnancies, and the effect of hypoxia on placental adenosine receptor expression. Immunofluorescent microscopy localized A(1), A(2A), A(2B) and A(3) adenosine receptors to the syncytiotrophoblast, endothelial cells and myofibroblasts within the human placenta. Adenosine receptor protein and message expression levels were significantly higher in placentas from preeclamptic pregnancies with or without SGA infants, but not different in pregnancies with SGA infants alone. In vitro exposure of placental villous explants to hypoxia (2% oxygen) increased the expression of A(2A) adenosine receptor 50%. These data indicate that all four known adenosine receptors are expressed in the human placenta and adenosine receptor expression is significantly higher in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that differences in placental adenosine receptors may contribute to alterations in placental function in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F von Versen-Höynck
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Abstract
The Two Stage Model of preeclampsia proposes that a poorly perfused placenta (Stage 1) produces factor(s) leading to the clinical manifestations of preeclampsia (Stage 2). Stage 1 is not sufficient to cause the maternal syndrome but interacts with maternal constitutional factors (genetic, behavioral or environmental) to result in Stage 2. Recent information indicates the necessity for modifications of this model. It is apparent that changes relevant to preeclampsia and other implantation disorders can be detected in the first trimester, long before the failed vascular remodeling necessary to reduce placental perfusion is completed. In addition, although the factor(s) released from the placenta has usually been considered a toxin, we suggest that what is released may also be an appropriate signal from the fetal/placental unit to overcome reduced nutrient availability that cannot be tolerated by some women who develop preeclampsia. Further, it is evident that linkage is not likely to be one factor but several, different for different women. Also although the initial model limited the role of maternal constitutional factors to the genesis of Stage 2, this does not appear to be the case. It is evident that the factors increasing risk for preeclampsia are also associated with abnormal implantation. These several modifications have important implications. An earlier origin for Stage 1, which appears to be recognizable by altered concentrations of placental products, could allow earlier intervention. The possibility of a fetal placental factor increasing nutrient availability could provide novel therapeutic options. Different linkages and preeclampsia subtypes could direct specific preventive treatments for different women while the role of maternal constitutional factors to affect placentation provides targets for prepregnancy therapy. The modified Two Stage Model provides a useful guide towards investigating pathophysiology and guiding therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Bainbridge SA, von Versen-Höynck F, Roberts JM. Uric acid inhibits placental system A amino acid uptake. Placenta 2008; 30:195-200. [PMID: 19058847 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia, a common clinical characteristic of preeclamptic pregnancies, has historically been considered a marker of reduced renal function in preeclamptic women. More recently it has been suggested that uric acid may directly contribute to pathological cell signaling events involved in disease progression as well as maternal and fetal pregnancy outcomes including fetal growth restriction. We hypothesize that the increased frequency of restricted fetal growth seen in relation to increasing uric acid concentrations in preeclamptic women is in part the result of uric acid-induced reductions in amino acid transport across the placenta. The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of uric acid on human placental System A amino acid transport using a primary placental villous explant model. Further, we examined the necessity of uric acid uptake and the role of redox signaling as a potential mechanism through which uric acid may attenuate System A activity. Placental uptake of a radiolabeled amino acid analogue, specific to the System A transporter, was reduced in a concentration-dependent fashion with increasing uric acid (0-7 mg/dL), corresponding to uric acid concentrations measured in healthy pregnant and preeclamptic women in the third trimester. Uric acid-induced reduction in System A activity was partially reversed by NADPH oxidase inhibition and completely eliminated by antioxidant treatment. This study demonstrates inhibition of placental System A amino acid transport with uric acid treatment, as a result of uric acid-induced stimulation of intracellular redox signaling cascades. These findings may be relevant to the increased frequency of fetal growth restriction observed in hyperuricemic preeclampsia. Additionally the results of this study, indicating a detrimental effect of hyperuricemia on amino acid transport in the placenta, at concentrations present in women with preeclampsia, also suggest a role for uric acid in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bainbridge
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Catov JM, Bodnar LM, Hackney D, Roberts JM, Simhan HN. Activation of the fibrinolytic cascade early in pregnancy among women with spontaneous preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol 2008; 112:1116-22. [PMID: 18978114 PMCID: PMC2731479 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0b013e31818aa5b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of early pregnancy concentrations of thrombin-antithrombin III complex with subsequent spontaneous preterm birth. METHODS In a nested case-control study, thrombin-antithrombin III complex was measured in plasma before 20 weeks of gestation (mean 9.9 weeks) among women without chronic conditions, preeclampsia, or growth restriction. C-reactive protein and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also measured. Women with spontaneous preterm birth before 34 weeks of gestation (n=29) and 34 weeks to 36 weeks of gestation (n=72) were compared with women with term births occurring at or after 37 weeks (n=219). Polychotomous logistic regression was used to relate elevated thrombin-antithrombin III complex (greater than 5.5 ng/mL), dyslipidemia (non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol greater than the 90th percentile), and inflammation (C-reactive protein at or above 8 micrograms/mL) to risk of spontaneous preterm birth subtypes. RESULTS Women with spontaneous preterm birth compared with term births had elevated thrombin-antithrombin III complex (P=.02), and they were more likely to have a thrombin-antithrombin III complex greater than 5.5 ng/mL (P<.01). Women with thrombin-antithrombin III complex in the highest compared with lowest quartile had a 4.6-fold (95% confidence interval 1.3-15.8) increased risk for spontaneous preterm birth before 34 weeks of gestation, adjusted for body mass index, race, inflammation, dyslipidemia, and gestational age at sampling. There was a dose-response trend between thrombin-antithrombin III complex and spontaneous preterm birth before 34 weeks (P<.01) and 34 to 36 weeks (P=.03). CONCLUSION There is evidence of early pregnancy systemic fibrinolysis among women with spontaneous preterm birth before 34 weeks of gestation independent of inflammation and dyslipidemia, perhaps secondary to microvascular injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Catov
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Magee Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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Versen-Höynck FMV, Rajakumar A, Roberts JM, Rath W, Powers RW. Placental Amino Acid transport is decreased after exposure to hypoxia. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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36
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Versen-Höynck FMV, Rajakumar A, Roberts JM, Bartz C, Markovic N, Powers RW. Leptin alters placental amino acid transport. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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37
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Versen-Höynck FMV, Rajakumar A, Roberts JM, Bartz C, Rath W, Powers RW. Adenosine receptor A2A expression is higher in placentas of women with preeclampsia. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a common finding in preeclamptic pregnancies evident from early pregnancy. Despite the fact that elevated uric acid often pre-dates the onset of clinical manifestations of preeclampsia, hyperuricemia is usually considered secondary to altered kidney function. Increased serum uric acid is associated with hypertension, renal disease and adverse cardiovascular events in the non-pregnant population and with adverse fetal outcomes in hypertensive pregnancies. We hypothesize that an elevated concentration of uric acid in preeclamptic women is not simply a marker of disease severity but rather contributes directly to the pathogenesis of the disorder. Using epidemiological and experimental evidence, gained largely outside of pregnancy, we will propose pathogenic roles for uric acid in preeclamptic pregnancies. Uric acid's ability to promote inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction will be highlighted with discussions of the potential impact on placental development and function and maternal vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bainbridge
- Lab 336A, Magee-Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Troisi R, Innes KE, Roberts JM, Hoover RN. Preeclampsia and maternal breast cancer risk by offspring gender: do elevated androgen concentrations play a role? Br J Cancer 2007; 97:688-90. [PMID: 17687337 PMCID: PMC2360362 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among older mothers, preeclampsia in the first pregnancy was associated with a reduction in maternal breast cancer risk that was significantly more pronounced in women bearing male than female infants. Androgen concentrations in male, preeclamptic pregnancies were consistent with the hypothesis that elevated pregnancy androgens might mediate this apparent modifying effect of fetal gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Troisi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7246, USA.
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Abstract
We present a mosquito marking technique suitable for mark-release-recapture that can be used with a hand-held, portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer, which is practical for field measurements. Third instar Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu stricto (Diptera: Culicidae) and Anopheles stephensi Liston larvae were cultured to pupation in water containing rubidium (Rb) Cl at concentrations up to 1000 p.p.m. Rb. Anopheles gambiae larvae survived to adulthood at concentrations as high as 1000 p.p.m. Rb but suffered pupal mortality and reduced adult longevity at high concentrations. We were able to culture An. stephensi at Rb concentrations as high as 300 p.p.m. The presence of Rb in adults was evaluated using a portable XRF analyser, and we were able to reliably detect Rb above background levels in 10-day-old females and 4-day-old males at concentrations causing minimal pupal or adult mortality. We observed that Rb marking was not permanent, and the concentration declined significantly as adults aged. The low cost of labelling with RbCl and the field portability of the spectrometer provide a useful means for labelling mosquitoes via breeding sites or in the laboratory for mark-release-recapture experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Wilkins
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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41
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Porter PL, Barlow WE, Yeh IT, Lin MG, Yuan X, Donato E, Sledge GW, Shapiro CL, Ingle JN, Haskell CM, Albain KS, Roberts JM, Livingston RB, Hayes DF. Re: p27(Kip1) and cyclin E expression and breast cancer survival after treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99:738. [PMID: 17470742 PMCID: PMC7717107 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djk163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- PL Porter
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
- University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Address for editorial correspondence: Peggy L. Porter, M.D., Member, Human Biology and Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N, Seattle, WA 98109, PH: 206-667-3751; FAX: 206-667-5815,
| | - WE Barlow
- University of Washington, Seattle WA
- SWOG Statistical Center, Seattle WA
| | - I-T Yeh
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - M-G Lin
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
| | - X Yuan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
| | - E Donato
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
| | - GW Sledge
- Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | | | - CM Haskell
- University of California, Los Angeles CA
| | | | - JM Roberts
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
| | | | - DF Hayes
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI
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Abstract
We report on the creation of a high surface area, chemically selective material for the efficient adsorption of organophosphate and organophosphonate species. Using silica microparticles in conjunction with gold nanoparticles and surface modification chemistry, we have demonstrated a material with a binding constant for organophosphonates and organophosphates (OPPs) of K=2x10(6) M-1. The binding of OPPs to the modified gold nanoparticles appears as a spectral shift in the gold nanoparticle resonance. The sensitivity of this technique is limited by scattering losses of suspensions of the particles, and we report on how this sensitivity can be recovered to a significant extent by the use of solvents with a refractive index close to that of the silica particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D S Newman
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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43
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Burkot TR, Handzel T, Schmaedick MA, Tufa J, Roberts JM, Graves PM. Productivity of natural and artificial containers for Aedes polynesiensis and Aedes aegypti in four American Samoan villages. Med Vet Entomol 2007; 21:22-9. [PMID: 17373943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2007.00667.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Six mosquito species were identified in a survey of containers associated with 347 households in four villages in American Samoa. Aedes polynesiensis Marks (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes aegypti (L) were the most abundant species, representing 57% and 29% of the mosquitoes identified. Culex quinquefasciatus (Say), Culex annulirostris (Skuse), Aedes oceanicus (Belkin) and Toxorhynchites amboinensis (Doleschall) were also found. Aedes aegypti and Ae. polynesiensis showed distinct differences in their use of containers, preferring large and small containers, respectively. By contrast with previous studies, Ae. polynesiensis utilized domestic and natural containers with equal frequency, whereas Ae. aegypti continued to be found predominantly in domestic containers. Only 15% of containers holding immature mosquitoes included pupae and fewer than 10 Aedes spp. pupae were found in most containers with pupae. An estimated 2289 Ae. polynesiensis and 1640 Ae. aegypti pupae were found in 2258 containers. The presence of both species in the same container did not affect the mean density of either species for larvae or pupae. Glass jars, leaf axils, tree holes and seashells produced few Aedes spp. pupae in any of the study villages. Overall, 75% of Ae. polynesiensis pupae were found in buckets, ice-cream containers and tyres, with <7% being produced in natural containers, whereas 82% of Ae. aegypti pupae were found in 44-gallon (US) drums ( approximately 166L), buckets and tyres. Source reduction efforts targeting these container types may yield significant reductions in both Ae. polynesiensis and Ae. aegypti populations in American Samoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Burkot
- Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 303041-3724, USA.
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Nguyen L, Besson A, Heng JIT, Schuurmans C, Teboul L, Parras C, Philpott A, Roberts JM, Guillemot F. [p27Kip1 independently promotes neuronal differentiation and migration in the cerebral cortex]. Bull Mem Acad R Med Belg 2007; 162:310-314. [PMID: 18405000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The generation of glutamatergic neurons by stem and progenitor cells is a complex process involving the tight coordination of multiple cellular activities, including cell cycle exit, initiation of neuronal differentiation and cell migration. The mechanisms that integrate these different events into a coherent program are not well understood. Here we show that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 plays an important role in neurogenesis in the mouse cerebral cortex, by promoting the differentiation and radial migration of cortical projection neurons. Importantly, p27Kip1 promotes neuronal differentiation and neuronal migration via two distinct mechanisms, which are themselves independent of the cell cycle regulatory function of p27Kip1. p27Kip1 inactivation by gene targeting or RNA interference results in neuronal differentiation and radial migration defects, demonstrating that p27Kip1 regulates cell migration in vivo. The differentiation defect, but not the migration defect, is rescued by overexpression of the proneural gene Neurogenin 2. p27Kip1 acts by stabilizing Neurogenin 2 protein, an activity carried by the N-terminal half of the protein. The migration defect resulting from p27Kp1 inactivation is rescued by blocking RhoA signalling, an activity that resides in the c-terminal half of p27Kip1. Thus, p27Kip1 plays a key role in cortical development, acting as a modular protein that independently regulates and couples multiple cellular pathways contributing to neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nguyen
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
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45
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Laivuori H, Gallaher MJ, Collura L, Crombleholme WR, Markovic N, Rajakumar A, Hubel CA, Roberts JM, Powers RW. Relationships between maternal plasma leptin, placental leptin mRNA and protein in normal pregnancy, pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction without pre-eclampsia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:551-6. [PMID: 16870954 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gal064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Leptin, an adipocyte hormone involved in energy homeostasis, is important in reproduction and pregnancy. Questions yet to be addressed include the source of higher leptin during pregnancy and its relationship to pregnancy outcome and fetal growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between placental leptin gene expression, placental leptin protein concentration and maternal plasma leptin concentration among control pregnant women, women with pre-eclampsia and women with growth-restricted infants. We also investigated the relationship between placental leptin expression and the placental expression of enzymes involved in cellular lipid balance: fatty acid translocase (CD36), carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-1B) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Placental leptin expression, placental protein and maternal plasma concentration were higher in pre-eclampsia than in controls but not in women with growth-restricted infants. Placental leptin expression and placental protein were higher in the preterm pre-eclamptic subjects, whereas maternal leptin was higher in the term pre-eclamptic subjects. The placental gene expression of CD36, CPT-1B and LPL were not different among the groups. This study suggests that despite similar failed placental bed vascular remodelling in pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), leptin gene expression is higher only in preterm pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Laivuori
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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46
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Gottshall RY, Lucas EH, Lickfeldt A, Roberts JM. THE OCCURRENCE OF ANTIBACTERIAL SUBSTANCES ACTIVE AGAINST MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN SEED PLANTS. J Clin Invest 2006; 28:920-3. [PMID: 16695763 PMCID: PMC438925 DOI: 10.1172/jci102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Y Gottshall
- Division of Laboratories, Michigan Department of Health, Lansing, Michigan
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47
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Dubey JP, Hill DE, Jones JL, Hightower AW, Kirkland E, Roberts JM, Marcet PL, Lehmann T, Vianna MCB, Miska K, Sreekumar C, Kwok OCH, Shen SK, Gamble HR. Prevalence of viable Toxoplasma gondii in beef, chicken, and pork from retail meat stores in the United States: risk assessment to consumers. J Parasitol 2006; 91:1082-93. [PMID: 16419752 DOI: 10.1645/ge-683.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of viable Toxoplasma gondii was determined in 6,282 samples (2,094 each of beef, chicken, and pork) obtained from 698 retail meat stores from 28 major geographic areas of the United States. Each sample consisted of a minimum of 1 kg of meat purchased from the retail meat case. To detect viable T. gondii, meat samples were fed to T. gondii-free cats and feces of cats were examined for oocyst shedding. Initially, 100 g of meat from 6 individual samples of a given species were pooled (total, 600 g), fed to a cat over a period of 3 days, and feces were examined for oocysts for 14 days; the remaining meat samples were stored at 4 C for 14 days (until results of the initial cat fecal examination were known). When a cat fed pooled samples had shed oocysts, 6 individual meat samples from each pool were bioassayed for T. gondii in cats and mice. Toxoplasma gondii isolates were then genetically characterized using the SAG2 locus and 5 hypervariable microsatellite loci. In all, 7 cats fed pooled pork samples shed oocysts. Toxoplasma gondii oocysts were detected microscopically in the feces of 2 of the cats; 1 isolate was Type II and the second was Type III. Analyzed individually, T. gondii was detected by bioassay in 3 of the 12 associated samples with genetic data indicating T. gondii isolates present in 2. The remaining 5 pooled pork samples had so few oocysts that they were not initially detected by microscopic examination, but rather by mouse bioassay of cat feces. Two were Type I, 1 was Type II, and 2 were Type III. None of the cats fed chicken or beef samples shed oocysts. Overall, the prevalence of viable T. gondii in retail meat was very low. Nevertheless, consumers, especially pregnant women, should be aware that they can acquire T. gondii infection from ingestion of undercooked meat, and in particular, pork. Cooking meat to an internal temperature of 66 C kills T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dubey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA.
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48
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Roberts JM, Eng C. Isolation to interface to integration - is it feasible to seek a holistic profession? Methods Inf Med 2006; 45:471-3. [PMID: 17019499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Over thirty years both divergence and synergy have been seen in the health informatics (HI) domain; to the point where aspiration is towards a collective environment recognising HI as a mature discipline internationally. The author considers catalysts and inhibitors to this goal over 30 years, and asks the question - is one professional identity achievable and desirable? This review of development of HI aims to promote reflection of the status, value and attributable influence with a view to recognising an internationally entity. Aspects of professionalism, practice, regulation and registration can then be refined to produce a universally understood inclusive community without loss of distinction to sub-specialties within it. METHODS The author utilised literature searches, research studies, domain knowledge and cooperative inquiries as context. Evaluation of issues is grounded in learned society investigations of professionalism and commitment to development of professional registration of those in informatics for the care domain. RESULTS Transition from isolated applications through interfaced 'best of breed' solutions working together to integrated closely coupled single-vendor solutions is mirrored by professional groups, established through special interests, working together on big initiatives and then formally benefiting from a cohesive group. Phasing of such staged development is different by country or by focus/topic. CONCLUSIONS The global HI situation will never again be as diverse as historically it was. Recognition of the lifecycle of the interacting factors explored in this paper will help HI to assume a world-wide brand identity whilst sustaining the subsidiarity of specialist cohorts within it.
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Powers RW, Roberts JM, Cooper KM, Gallaher MJ, Frank MP, Harger GF, Ness RB. Maternal serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 concentrations are not increased in early pregnancy and decrease more slowly postpartum in women who develop preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 193:185-91. [PMID: 16021077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We measured maternal serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 concentrations across pregnancy and immediately postpartum in women who developed preeclampsia and normal pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN This was a nested case control study of 113 normal pregnant women and 55 women with preeclampsia. RESULTS Serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 concentrations increased similarly in early pregnancy in both groups. Mean serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 concentrations were increased in women who developed preeclampsia, compared with normal pregnant women, and this increase was most pronounced in severe preeclampsia. However, many women with preeclampsia had soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 concentrations similar to normal pregnant women. Lastly, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 decreased rapidly after delivery, but this decrease was significantly slower in women with severe preeclampsia. CONCLUSION Increased soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 is not an early-pregnancy event among women who later develop preeclampsia. Increased soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 is more likely to be present in women with severe preeclampsia, but it is not present in all women with preeclampsia. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 concentrations decrease more slowly after delivery in women with preeclampsia, consistent with a decreased rate of excretion or continued production.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Powers
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Roberts JM, Long D, Wilson JB, Mortensen PB, Gage JD. The cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinia) and enigmatic seabed mounds along the north-east Atlantic margin: are they related? Mar Pollut Bull 2003; 46:7-20. [PMID: 12535964 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-326x(02)00259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an updated distribution of Lophelia pertusa between the Porcupine Seabight and Norwegian shelf is presented. It seems unlikely that enigmatic mound structures observed at water depths of more than 570 m during acoustic seabed surveys, particularly to the west of the Shetland Islands, are related to the occurrence of L. pertusa. At these depths in the Faroe-Shetland Channel, the predominant influence of cold Arctic water precludes its growth. Iceberg dumpsites are also considered unlikely explanations for the origin of these mounds, and they are interpreted as most likely to be related to the release of fluids at the seabed. When mound structures were investigated, no scleractinian corals were recovered at water depths >500 m. This study shows the importance of seabed temperature as an environmental control on cold-water coral distribution. The significance of cold-water coral habitats in sustaining high levels of local-scale biodiversity is now becoming apparent in parallel with increased hydrocarbon extraction and fishing activity beyond the shelf edge. There is growing evidence that these areas have been marked by the passage of deep-water trawls. It seems likely that trawling activity has already reduced the extent of cold-water coral distribution in this region of the north-east Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Roberts
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, UK.
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