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Haliyur R, Walker JT, Sanyoura M, Reihsmann CV, Shrestha S, Aramandla R, Poffenberger G, Ramirez AH, Redick SD, Babon JAB, Prasad N, Hegele RA, Kent SC, Harlan DM, Bottino R, Philipson LH, Brissova M, Powers AC. Integrated Analysis of the Pancreas and Islets Reveals Unexpected Findings in Human Male With Type 1 Diabetes. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab162. [PMID: 34870058 PMCID: PMC8633619 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and pathologic heterogeneity in type 1 diabetes is increasingly being recognized. Findings in the islets and pancreas of a 22-year-old male with 8 years of type 1 diabetes were discordant with expected results and clinical history (islet autoantibodies negative, hemoglobin A1c 11.9%) and led to comprehensive investigation to define the functional, molecular, genetic, and architectural features of the islets and pancreas to understand the cause of the donor's diabetes. Examination of the donor's pancreatic tissue found substantial but reduced β-cell mass with some islets devoid of β cells (29.3% of 311 islets) while other islets had many β cells. Surprisingly, isolated islets from the donor pancreas had substantial insulin secretion, which is uncommon for type 1 diabetes of this duration. Targeted and whole-genome sequencing and analysis did not uncover monogenic causes of diabetes but did identify high-risk human leukocyte antigen haplotypes and a genetic risk score suggestive of type 1 diabetes. Further review of pancreatic tissue found islet inflammation and some previously described α-cell molecular features seen in type 1 diabetes. By integrating analysis of isolated islets, histological evaluation of the pancreas, and genetic information, we concluded that the donor's clinical insulin deficiency was most likely the result autoimmune-mediated β-cell loss but that the constellation of findings was not typical for type 1 diabetes. This report highlights the pathologic and functional heterogeneity that can be present in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Haliyur
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John T Walker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - May Sanyoura
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics-Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Conrad V Reihsmann
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Radhika Aramandla
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrea H Ramirez
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sambra D Redick
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Aurielle B Babon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sally C Kent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - David M Harlan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Rita Bottino
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Louis H Philipson
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics-Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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2
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Russell MA, Redick SD, Blodgett DM, Richardson SJ, Leete P, Krogvold L, Dahl-Jørgensen K, Bottino R, Brissova M, Spaeth JM, Babon JAB, Haliyur R, Powers AC, Yang C, Kent SC, Derr AG, Kucukural A, Garber MG, Morgan NG, Harlan DM. HLA Class II Antigen Processing and Presentation Pathway Components Demonstrated by Transcriptome and Protein Analyses of Islet β-Cells From Donors With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2019; 68:988-1001. [PMID: 30833470 PMCID: PMC6477908 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes studies consistently generate data showing islet β-cell dysfunction and T cell-mediated anti-β-cell-specific autoimmunity. To explore the pathogenesis, we interrogated the β-cell transcriptomes from donors with and without type 1 diabetes using both bulk-sorted and single β-cells. Consistent with immunohistological studies, β-cells from donors with type 1 diabetes displayed increased Class I transcripts and associated mRNA species. These β-cells also expressed mRNA for Class II and Class II antigen presentation pathway components, but lacked the macrophage marker CD68. Immunohistological study of three independent cohorts of donors with recent-onset type 1 diabetes showed Class II protein and its transcriptional regulator Class II MHC trans-activator protein expressed by a subset of insulin+CD68- β-cells, specifically found in islets with lymphocytic infiltrates. β-Cell surface expression of HLA Class II was detected on a portion of CD45-insulin+ β-cells from donors with type 1 diabetes by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Our data demonstrate that pancreatic β-cells from donors with type 1 diabetes express Class II molecules on selected cells with other key genes in those pathways and inflammation-associated genes. β-Cell expression of Class II molecules suggests that β-cells may interact directly with islet-infiltrating CD4+ T cells and may play an immunopathogenic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Russell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K
| | - Sambra D Redick
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - David M Blodgett
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Math and Science Division, Babson College, Wellesley, MA
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K
| | - Pia Leete
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K
| | - Lars Krogvold
- Pediatric Department, Oslo University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Dahl-Jørgensen
- Pediatric Department, Oslo University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rita Bottino
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jason M Spaeth
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jenny Aurielle B Babon
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Rachana Haliyur
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Chaoxing Yang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Sally C Kent
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Alan G Derr
- Program in Bioinformatics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Alper Kucukural
- Program in Bioinformatics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Manuel G Garber
- Program in Bioinformatics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K
| | - David M Harlan
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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3
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Hart NJ, Aramandla R, Poffenberger G, Fayolle C, Thames AH, Bautista A, Spigelman AF, Babon JAB, DeNicola ME, Dadi PK, Bush WS, Balamurugan AN, Brissova M, Dai C, Prasad N, Bottino R, Jacobson DA, Drumm ML, Kent SC, MacDonald PE, Powers AC. Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes is caused by islet loss and inflammation. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98240. [PMID: 29669939 PMCID: PMC5931120 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis-related (CF-related) diabetes (CFRD) is an increasingly common and devastating comorbidity of CF, affecting approximately 35% of adults with CF. However, the underlying causes of CFRD are unclear. Here, we examined cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) islet expression and whether the CFTR participates in islet endocrine cell function using murine models of β cell CFTR deletion and normal and CF human pancreas and islets. Specific deletion of CFTR from murine β cells did not affect β cell function. In human islets, CFTR mRNA was minimally expressed, and CFTR protein and electrical activity were not detected. Isolated CF/CFRD islets demonstrated appropriate insulin and glucagon secretion, with few changes in key islet-regulatory transcripts. Furthermore, approximately 65% of β cell area was lost in CF donors, compounded by pancreatic remodeling and immune infiltration of the islet. These results indicate that CFRD is caused by β cell loss and intraislet inflammation in the setting of a complex pleiotropic disease and not by intrinsic islet dysfunction from CFTR mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J. Hart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Radhika Aramandla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gregory Poffenberger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cody Fayolle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ariel H. Thames
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Austin Bautista
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aliya F. Spigelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jenny Aurielle B. Babon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megan E. DeNicola
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prasanna K. Dadi
- School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William S. Bush
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Appakalai N. Balamurugan
- Center for Cellular Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chunhua Dai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- Hudson Alpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Rita Bottino
- Allegheny Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David A. Jacobson
- School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mitchell L. Drumm
- School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sally C. Kent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick E. MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alvin C. Powers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Autoimmune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β-cells within the pancreas results in type 1 diabetes (T1D), which is not yet preventable or curable. Previously, our understanding of the β-cell specific T cell repertoire was based on studies of autoreactive T cell responses in the peripheral blood of patients at risk for, or with, T1D; more recently, investigations have included immunohistochemical analysis of some T cell specificities in the pancreas from organ donors with T1D. Now, we are able to examine live, islet-infiltrating T cells from donors with T1D. RECENT FINDINGS Analysis of the T cell repertoire isolated directly from the pancreatic islets of donors with T1D revealed pro-inflammatory T cells with targets of known autoantigens, including proinsulin and glutamic acid decarboxylase, as well as modified autoantigens. We have assayed the islet-infiltrating T cell repertoire for autoreactivity and function directly from the inflamed islets of T1D organ donors. Design of durable treatments for prevention of or therapy for T1D requires understanding this repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally C Kent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Diabetes Center of Excellence, ASC7-2041, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Stuart I Mannering
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Aaron W Michels
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jenny Aurielle B Babon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Diabetes Center of Excellence, ASC7-2041, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW By necessity, the vast majority of information we have on autoreactive T cells in human type 1 diabetes (T1D) has come from the study of peripheral blood of donors with T1D. It is not clear how representative the peripheral autoreactive T-cell repertoire is of the autoreactive T cells infiltrating the islets in T1D. We will summarize and discuss what is known of the immunohistopathology of insulitis, the T-cell receptor repertoire expressed by islet-infiltrating T cells, and the autoreactivity and function of islet-infiltrating T cells in T1D. RECENT FINDINGS Recovery and analysis of live, islet-infiltrating T cells from the islets of cadaveric donors with T1D revealed a broad repertoire and proinflammatory phenotype of CD4 T-cell autoreactivity to peptide targets from islet proteins, including proinsulin, as well as CD4 T-cell reactivity to a number of post-translationally modified peptides, including peptides with citrullinations and hybrid insulin peptide fusions. Islet-infiltrating CD8 T cells were also derived and required further isolation and characterization. SUMMARY The recovery of live, islet-infiltrating T cells from donors with T1D, reactive with a broad range of known targets and post-translationally modified peptides, allows for the specific functional analysis of islet-infiltrating T cells for the development of antigen-specific immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally C Kent
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Babon JAB, DeNicola ME, Blodgett DM, Crèvecoeur I, Buttrick TS, Maehr R, Bottino R, Naji A, Kaddis J, Elyaman W, James EA, Haliyur R, Brissova M, Overbergh L, Mathieu C, Delong T, Haskins K, Pugliese A, Campbell-Thompson M, Mathews C, Atkinson MA, Powers AC, Harlan DM, Kent SC. Corrigendum: Analysis of self-antigen specificity of islet-infiltrating T cells from human donors with type 1 diabetes. Nat Med 2017; 23:264. [PMID: 28170374 DOI: 10.1038/nm0217-264a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Yeste A, Takenaka MC, Mascanfroni ID, Nadeau M, Kenison JE, Patel B, Tukpah AM, Babon JAB, DeNicola M, Kent SC, Pozo D, Quintana FJ. Tolerogenic nanoparticles inhibit T cell-mediated autoimmunity through SOCS2. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra61. [PMID: 27330188 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell-dependent autoimmune disease that is characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas. The administration to patients of ex vivo-differentiated FoxP3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells or tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) that promote Treg cell differentiation is considered a potential therapy for T1D; however, cell-based therapies cannot be easily translated into clinical practice. We engineered nanoparticles (NPs) to deliver both a tolerogenic molecule, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand 2-(1'H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE), and the β cell antigen proinsulin (NPITE+Ins) to induce a tolerogenic phenotype in DCs and promote Treg cell generation in vivo. NPITE+Ins administration to 8-week-old nonobese diabetic mice suppressed autoimmune diabetes. NPITE+Ins induced a tolerogenic phenotype in DCs, which was characterized by a decreased ability to activate inflammatory effector T cells and was concomitant with the increased differentiation of FoxP3(+) Treg cells. The induction of a tolerogenic phenotype in DCs by NPs was mediated by the AhR-dependent induction of Socs2, which resulted in inhibition of nuclear factor κB activation and proinflammatory cytokine production (properties of tolerogenic DCs). Together, these data suggest that NPs constitute a potential tool to reestablish tolerance in T1D and potentially other autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Yeste
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maisa C Takenaka
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ivan D Mascanfroni
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meghan Nadeau
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica E Kenison
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bonny Patel
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ann-Marcia Tukpah
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jenny Aurielle B Babon
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Megan DeNicola
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sally C Kent
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - David Pozo
- CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-University of Seville-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Seville 41092, Spain. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville Medical School, Seville 41009, Spain
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Terajima M, Babon JAB, Co MDT, Ennis FA. Cross-reactive human B cell and T cell epitopes between influenza A and B viruses. Virol J 2013; 10:244. [PMID: 23886073 PMCID: PMC3726517 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A and B viruses form different genera, which were originally distinguished by antigenic differences in their nucleoproteins and matrix 1 proteins. Cross-protection between these two genera has not been observed in animal experiments, which is consistent with the low homology in viral proteins common to both viruses except for one of three polymerase proteins, polymerase basic 1 (PB1). Recently, however, antibody and CD4+ T cell epitopes conserved between the two genera were identified in humans. A protective antibody epitope was located in the stalk region of the surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin, and a CD4+ T cell epitope was located in the fusion peptide of the hemagglutinin. The fusion peptide was also found to contain antibody epitopes in humans and animals. A short stretch of well-conserved peptide was also identified in the other surface glycoprotein, neuraminidase, and antibodies binding to this peptide were generated by peptide immunization in rabbits. Although PB1, the only protein which has relatively high overall sequence homology between influenza A and B viruses, is not considered an immunodominant protein in the T cell responses to influenza A virus infection, amino acid sequence comparisons show that a considerable number of previously identified T cell epitopes in the PB1 of influenza A viruses are conserved in the PB1 of influenza B viruses. These data indicate that B and T cell cross-reactivity exists between influenza A and B viruses, which may have modulatory effects on the disease process and recovery. Although the antibody titers and the specific T cell frequencies induced by natural infection or standard vaccination may not be high enough to provide cross protection in humans, it might be possible to develop immunization strategies to induce these cross-reactive responses more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Terajima
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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9
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Babon JAB, Cruz J, Orphin L, Pazoles P, Co MDT, Ennis FA, Terajima M. Genome-wide screening of human T-cell epitopes in influenza A virus reveals a broad spectrum of CD4(+) T-cell responses to internal proteins, hemagglutinins, and neuraminidases. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:711-21. [PMID: 19524006 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We performed a genome-wide screening for T-cell epitopes using synthetic peptides that encompass all of the influenza A viral proteins, including subtype variants for hemagglutinin (HA; H1, H3, and H5) and neuraminidase (NA; human and avian N1 and N2) proteins, based on the sequence information of recently circulating strains. We identified a total of 83 peptides, 54 of them novel, to which specific T cells were detectable in interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from four healthy adult donors. The surface glycoproteins, HA and NA, major components of vaccines, expressed many T-cell epitopes. HA and matrix protein 1 expressed more T-cell epitopes than other viral proteins, most of which were recognized by CD4(+) T cells. We established several cytotoxic CD4(+) T-cell lines from these donors. We also analyzed H1 and H3 HA-specific T-cell responses using the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 30 hospital workers. Fifty-three percent of donors gave a positive response to H3 HA peptides, whereas 17% gave a positive response to H1 HA peptides. Our genome-wide screening is useful in identifying T-cell epitopes and is complementary to the approach based on the predicted binding peptides to well-studied HLA-A, -B, and -DR alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Aurielle B Babon
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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10
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Co MDT, Orphin L, Cruz J, Pazoles P, Green KM, Potts J, Leporati AM, Babon JAB, Evans JE, Ennis FA, Terajima M. In vitro evidence that commercial influenza vaccines are not similar in their ability to activate human T cell responses. Vaccine 2008; 27:319-27. [PMID: 18977404 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated three commercial trivalent inactivated vaccines (TIVs) from the 2007-2008 season in terms of their ability to elicit in vitro T cell responses. T cell-mediated immunity may offer a more cross-reactive vaccine approach for the prevention of pandemic or epidemic influenza. Human cytotoxic T cell lines demonstrated differences in matrix protein 1 and nucleocapsid protein recognition of autologous target cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with each of the TIVs showed statistically significant differences between the vaccines in the numbers of IFNgamma producing cells activated. These data suggest that TIV vaccines are not similar in their ability to activate human T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Dawn T Co
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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11
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Vermeirssen V, Barrasa MI, Hidalgo CA, Babon JAB, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Barabási AL, Walhout AJ. Transcription factor modularity in a gene-centered C. elegans core neuronal protein-DNA interaction network. Genome Res 2007; 17:1061-71. [PMID: 17513831 PMCID: PMC1899117 DOI: 10.1101/gr.6148107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transcription regulatory networks play a pivotal role in the development, function, and pathology of metazoan organisms. Such networks are comprised of protein-DNA interactions between transcription factors (TFs) and their target genes. An important question pertains to how the architecture of such networks relates to network functionality. Here, we show that a Caenorhabditis elegans core neuronal protein-DNA interaction network is organized into two TF modules. These modules contain TFs that bind to a relatively small number of target genes and are more systems specific than the TF hubs that connect the modules. Each module relates to different functional aspects of the network. One module contains TFs involved in reproduction and target genes that are expressed in neurons as well as in other tissues. The second module is enriched for paired homeodomain TFs and connects to target genes that are often exclusively neuronal. We find that paired homeodomain TFs are specifically expressed in C. elegans and mouse neurons, indicating that the neuronal function of paired homeodomains is evolutionarily conserved. Taken together, we show that a core neuronal C. elegans protein-DNA interaction network possesses TF modules that relate to different functional aspects of the complete network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Vermeirssen
- Program in Gene Function and Expression and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - M. Inmaculada Barrasa
- Program in Gene Function and Expression and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - César A. Hidalgo
- Center for Complex Network Research, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Jenny Aurielle B. Babon
- Program in Gene Function and Expression and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | | | | | - Albert-László Barabási
- Center for Complex Network Research, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Albertha J.M. Walhout
- Program in Gene Function and Expression and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
- Corresponding author.E-mail ; fax (508) 856-5460
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