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Fransson C, Barlow MJ, Kavanagh PJ, Larsson J, Jones OC, Sargent B, Meixner M, Bouchet P, Temim T, Wright GS, Blommaert JADL, Habel N, Hirschauer AS, Hjorth J, Lenkić L, Tikkanen T, Wesson R, Coulais A, Fox OD, Gastaud R, Glasse A, Jaspers J, Krause O, Lau RM, Nayak O, Rest A, Colina L, van Dishoeck EF, Güdel M, Henning T, Lagage PO, Östlin G, Ray TP, Vandenbussche B. Emission lines due to ionizing radiation from a compact object in the remnant of Supernova 1987A. Science 2024; 383:898-903. [PMID: 38386759 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj5796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The nearby Supernova 1987A was accompanied by a burst of neutrino emission, which indicates that a compact object (a neutron star or black hole) was formed in the explosion. There has been no direct observation of this compact object. In this work, we observe the supernova remnant with JWST spectroscopy, finding narrow infrared emission lines of argon and sulfur. The line emission is spatially unresolved and blueshifted in velocity relative to the supernova rest frame. We interpret the lines as gas illuminated by a source of ionizing photons located close to the center of the expanding ejecta. Photoionization models show that the line ratios are consistent with ionization by a cooling neutron star or a pulsar wind nebula. The velocity shift could be evidence for a neutron star natal kick.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fransson
- Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, The Oskar Klein Centre, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M J Barlow
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - P J Kavanagh
- Department of Experimental Physics, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
- Astronomy & Astrophyics Section, School of Cosmic Physics, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J Larsson
- Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, The Oskar Klein Centre, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - O C Jones
- UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - B Sargent
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - M Meixner
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - P Bouchet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Astrophysique Instrumentation Modélisation, Saint Aubin, France
| | - T Temim
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - G S Wright
- UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - J A D L Blommaert
- Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Habel
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - A S Hirschauer
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - J Hjorth
- Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Lenkić
- Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy Science Center, Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - T Tikkanen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Space Research Centre, Space Park Leicester, University of Leicester, Leicester LE4 5SP, UK
| | - R Wesson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - A Coulais
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Astrophysique Instrumentation Modélisation, Saint Aubin, France
- Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères, Observatoire de Paris, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, National Centre for Scientific Research, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - O D Fox
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - R Gastaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Detectors Electronics and Computing for Physics, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Glasse
- UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - J Jaspers
- Department of Experimental Physics, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
- Astronomy & Astrophyics Section, School of Cosmic Physics, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - O Krause
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R M Lau
- National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, National Science Foundation, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - O Nayak
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA
| | - A Rest
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - L Colina
- Centro de Astrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Torrejón de Ardoz, E-28850, Madrid, Spain
| | - E F van Dishoeck
- Max-Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Leiden Observatory, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - M Güdel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Th Henning
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P-O Lagage
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Astrophysique Instrumentation Modélisation, Saint Aubin, France
| | - G Östlin
- Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, The Oskar Klein Centre, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T P Ray
- Astronomy & Astrophyics Section, School of Cosmic Physics, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - B Vandenbussche
- Institute of Astronomy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Björnfot C, Eklund A, Larsson J, Hansson W, Birnefeld J, Garpebring A, Qvarlander S, Koskinen LOD, Malm J, Wåhlin A. Cerebral arterial stiffness is linked to white matter hyperintensities and perivascular spaces in older adults - A 4D flow MRI study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024:271678X241230741. [PMID: 38315044 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241230741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMH), perivascular spaces (PVS) and lacunes are common MRI features of small vessel disease (SVD). However, no shared underlying pathological mechanism has been identified. We investigated whether SVD burden, in terms of WMH, PVS and lacune status, was related to changes in the cerebral arterial wall by applying global cerebral pulse wave velocity (gcPWV) measurements, a newly described marker of cerebral vascular stiffness. In a population-based cohort of 190 individuals, 66-85 years old, SVD features were estimated from T1-weighted and FLAIR images while gcPWV was estimated from 4D flow MRI data. Additionally, the gcPWV's stability to variations in field-of-view was analyzed. The gcPWV was 10.82 (3.94) m/s and displayed a significant correlation to WMH and white matter PVS volume (r = 0.29, p < 0.001; r = 0.21, p = 0.004 respectively from nonparametric tests) that persisted after adjusting for age, blood pressure variables, body mass index, ApoB/A1 ratio, smoking as well as cerebral pulsatility index, a previously suggested early marker of SVD. The gcPWV displayed satisfactory stability to field-of-view variations. Our results suggest that SVD is accompanied by changes in the cerebral arterial wall that can be captured by considering the velocity of the pulse wave transmission through the cerebral arterial network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Björnfot
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Radiation Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Radiation Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jenny Larsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - William Hansson
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Birnefeld
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Garpebring
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sara Qvarlander
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Radiation Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars-Owe D Koskinen
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Malm
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Wåhlin
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Radiation Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Ekström J, Jurgilaitis A, Kroon D, Pham V, Larsson J. FemtoMAX – a beamline for ultrafast pump/X-ray probe experiments. Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322091987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Larsson J, Israelsson H, Eklund A, Lundin-Olsson L, Malm J. Falls and Fear of Falling in Shunted Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus—The Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Comorbidity and Risk Factors Associated With Hydrocephalus Stud. Neurosurgery 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyab094_s137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Jackson HJ, Larsson J, Davison A. Quantitative measures and 3D shell models reveal interactions between bands and their position on growing snail shells. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:6634-6648. [PMID: 34141246 PMCID: PMC8207382 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of shell growth in gastropods is useful because it preserves the ontogeny of shape, colour, and banding patterns, making them an ideal system for understanding how inherited variation develops, is established and maintained within a population. However, qualitative scoring of inherited shell characters means there is a lack of knowledge regarding the mechanisms that control fine variation. Here, we combine empirical measures of quantitative variation and 3D modeling of shells to understand how bands are placed and interact. By comparing five-banded Cepaea individuals to shells lacking individual bands, we show that individual band absence has minor but significant impacts upon the position of remaining bands, implying that the locus controlling band presence/absence mainly acts after position is established. Then, we show that the shell grows at a similar rate, except for the region below the lowermost band. This demonstrates that wider bands of Cepaea are not an artifact of greater shell growth on the lower shell; they begin wider and grow at the same rate as other bands. Finally, we show that 3D models of shell shape and banding pattern, inferred from 2D photos using ShellShaper software, are congruent with empirical measures. This work therefore establishes a method that may be used for comparative studies of quantitative banding variation in snail shells, extraction of growth parameters, and morphometrics. In the future, studies that link the banding phenotype to the network of shell matrix proteins involved in biomineralization and patterning may ultimately aid in understanding the diversity of shell forms found in molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny Larsson
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Angus Davison
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
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6
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Koch EL, Morales HE, Larsson J, Westram AM, Faria R, Lemmon AR, Lemmon EM, Johannesson K, Butlin RK. Genetic variation for adaptive traits is associated with polymorphic inversions in Littorina saxatilis. Evol Lett 2021; 5:196-213. [PMID: 34136269 PMCID: PMC8190449 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal inversions have long been recognized for their role in local adaptation. By suppressing recombination in heterozygous individuals, they can maintain coadapted gene complexes and protect them from homogenizing effects of gene flow. However, to fully understand their importance for local adaptation we need to know their influence on phenotypes under divergent selection. For this, the marine snail Littorina saxatilis provides an ideal study system. Divergent ecotypes adapted to wave action and crab predation occur in close proximity on intertidal shores with gene flow between them. Here, we used F2 individuals obtained from crosses between the ecotypes to test for associations between genomic regions and traits distinguishing the Crab‐/Wave‐adapted ecotypes including size, shape, shell thickness, and behavior. We show that most of these traits are influenced by two previously detected inversion regions that are divergent between ecotypes. We thus gain a better understanding of one important underlying mechanism responsible for the rapid and repeated formation of ecotypes: divergent selection acting on inversions. We also found that some inversions contributed to more than one trait suggesting that they may contain several loci involved in adaptation, consistent with the hypothesis that suppression of recombination within inversions facilitates differentiation in the presence of gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva L Koch
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom
| | - Hernán E Morales
- Evolutionary Genetics Section Globe Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad 45296 Sweden
| | - Jenny Larsson
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom
| | - Anja M Westram
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom.,IST Austria Klosterneuburg Austria
| | - Rui Faria
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom.,CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Alan R Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing Florida State University Tallahassee Florida FL 32306-4120
| | - E Moriarty Lemmon
- Department of Biological Science Florida State University Tallahassee Florida FL 32306-4295
| | - Kerstin Johannesson
- Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad 45296 Sweden
| | - Roger K Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom.,Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad 45296 Sweden
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7
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Larsson J, Israelsson H, Eklund A, Lundin-Olsson L, Malm J. Falls and Fear of Falling in Shunted Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus-The Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Comorbidity and Risk Factors Associated With Hydrocephalus Study. Neurosurgery 2021; 89:122-128. [PMID: 33830219 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gait and balance impairment are typical symptoms of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH), implicating that falls may afflict these patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate falls, related injuries, and associated psychological features, before and after shunt surgery for INPH and compared to the general population. METHODS The study included 176 patients shunted for INPH and 368 age- and sex-matched controls. Falls, fear of falling (FOF), fall-related injuries (mild-severe), confidence in avoiding falls (Swedish Falls Efficacy Scale (FES(S)), quality of life (QoL; EuroQoL 5-dimension 5 level instrument), and symptoms of depression (Geriatric Depression Scale 15) were investigated. Pre- and postoperative observational times were 12 mo before surgery and 21 mo after (mean). Recurrent fallers fell ≥2 times. RESULTS More INPH patients than controls were recurrent fallers (67% vs 11%; P < .001). They feared falling more often (FOF, mean ± standard deviation: 3.3 ± 1.1 vs 1.6 ± 0.9; P < .001) and had lower confidence in avoiding falls (FES(S) 78 ± 40 vs 126 ± 14; P < .001). After surgery, INPH patients improved in all parameters but they did not reach the levels of the controls. Among fallers there was no difference between patients and controls in the severity of injuries suffered. Low QoL and symptoms of depression were more common among recurrent fallers than one-time or nonfallers in both shunted patients and controls (P ≤ .001). CONCLUSION Falls, FOF, and low confidence in avoiding falls are considerable problems in INPH that may be reduced by shunt surgery. We suggest that remaining risk of falling and preventative measures are routinely considered in postoperative follow-ups and rehabilitation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Larsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hanna Israelsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Lundin-Olsson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Malm
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Nieuwhof-Leppink AJ, Hussong J, Chase J, Larsson J, Renson C, Hoebeke P, Yang S, von Gontard A. Definitions, indications and practice of urotherapy in children and adolescents: - A standardization document of the International Children's Continence Society (ICCS). J Pediatr Urol 2021; 17:172-181. [PMID: 33478902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urotherapy is an umbrella term for all non-surgical, non-pharmacological interventions for lower urinary tract disorders (LUTD) in children and adolescents. Urotherapy is a specialized practice, which has become mainstay therapy not only for daytime urinary incontinence, but also for nocturnal enuresis, functional constipation and fecal incontinence. The aim of urotherapy is to achieve the normalization of the micturition and bowel pattern and to prevent further functional disturbances by repeated training. It is well known that in the treatment of adult and childhood incontinence a team approach is best, where there are shared areas of expertise and also discipline-specific expertise available. AIM We present a consensus view from a cross-professional team of experts affiliated with the International Children's Continence Society on definitions, indications and practice of urotherapy. This is a selective, non-systematic review with practical recommendations for the implementation and research on urotherapy. METHODS The document uses the globally accepted ICCS terminology. Evidence-based literature serves as the basis, but in areas lacking in primary evidence, expert consensus is used. Before submission, a full draft was made available to all ICCS members for additional comments. RESULTS Urotherapy uses non-pharmacological, non-surgical methods and focuses on behavioral interventions, largely based on cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy (CBT). Standard urotherapy comprises components such as provision of information, instructions, life-style advice, counselling and registration of symptoms. Specific urotherapy is tailored towards specific disorders and includes alarm treatment, biofeedback training, pelvic floor training, neurostimulation and other interventions. Fig. 1. Urotherapy is a treatment that addresses all aspects of incontinence, leading to the best clinical outcome. This includes somatic, psychosocial, and behavioral problems and quality of life. Therefore urotherapy is recommended by the ICCS as the first-line treatment for most types of LUTD. The document is intended to be clinically useful in primary, secondary and tertiary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Nieuwhof-Leppink
- Department Psychology and Urology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - J Hussong
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital Homburg, Germany
| | - J Chase
- Victorian Children's Continence Clinic, Paediatric Gastroenterology Victoria, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Larsson
- Section for Paediatric Nephrology, Kristianstad Hospital CSK, Sweden
| | - C Renson
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Hoebeke
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Yang
- Department of Urolgy, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital and Buddhist Tzu Chi Universtiy, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A von Gontard
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital Homburg, Germany
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Eggertsen M, Tano SA, Chacin DH, Eklöf JS, Larsson J, Berkström C, Buriyo AS, Halling C. Different environmental variables predict distribution and cover of the introduced red seaweed Eucheuma denticulatum in two geographical locations. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02417-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this study we examined abiotic and biotic factors that could potentially influence the presence of a non-indigenous seaweed, Eucheuma denticulatum, in two locations, one outside (Kane’ohe Bay, Hawai’i, USA) and one within (Mafia Island, Tanzania) its natural geographical range. We hypothesized that the availability of hard substrate and the amount of wave exposure would explain distribution patterns, and that higher abundance of herbivorous fishes in Tanzania would exert stronger top–down control than in Hawai’i. To address these hypotheses, we surveyed E. denticulatum in sites subjected to different environmental conditions and used generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to identify predictors of E. denticulatum presence. We also estimated grazing intensity on E. denticulatum by surveying the type and the amount of grazing scars. Finally, we used molecular tools to distinguish between indigenous and non-indigenous strains of E. denticulatum on Mafia Island. In Kane’ohe Bay, the likelihood of finding E. denticulatum increased with wave exposure, whereas on Mafia Island, the likelihood increased with cover of coral rubble, and decreased with distance from areas of introduction (AOI), but this decrease was less pronounced in the presence of coral rubble. Grazing intensity was higher in Kane’ohe Bay than on Mafia Island. However, we still suggest that efforts to reduce non-indigenous E. denticulatum should include protection of important herbivores in both sites because of the high levels of grazing close to AOI. Moreover, we recommend that areas with hard substrate and high structural complexity should be avoided when farming non-indigenous strains of E. denticulatum.
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Larsson J, Sundstrom J, Hallmarker U, James S, Andersen K. Risk of aortic disease in long-distance cross-country skiers; a study of 209,226 patients. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
Aneurysmal dilatation and dissection of the aorta are two facets of aortic disease that can lead to major disability and death. Some risk factors for aortic disease are also risk factors for atherosclerotic disease, but the overall causes of aortic disease are diverse and largely unknown. Persons with aortic aneurysms are advised to limit their physical activity, but associations of physical activity with subsequent incidence of aortic disease are little known. Earlier studies have shown strong association of performance in Vasaloppet with incidence of hypertension, a major risk factor for aortic disease.
Aim
To investigate associations of high levels of physical activity with incidence of aortic disease.
Methods
We studied 209,226 participants in a 30–90 km cross-country skiing event (Vasaloppet) and 536,038 persons from the general population, matched to the skiers on age, sex and residence. The number of completed races during the study period and the fastest relative finishing time in a race was recorded. The main outcomes were: 1) aortic disease (defined as thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm and/or aortic dissection); and 2) aortic dissection.
Results
During a median time at risk of 8.8 years, 1,442 aortic disease events and 265 aortic dissections occurred. Skiers had lower incidence of aortic disease than non-skiers (Cox proportional hazards ratio [HR] 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36–0.50). An association of better finishing time with aortic disease was observed, with a dose-response gradient from the fastest third (HR 0.25; 95% CI 0.18–0.35), via the slowest third (HR 0.64; 95% CI 0.49–0.82) to the non-skiers (reference group). Among skiers the number of completed races was not associated with incidence of aortic disease. Skiers also had lower incidence of acute aortic dissection (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.44–0.85) than non-skiers. Low event rate among skiers made conclusions in subgroups unreasonable. All results are adjusted for age, sex, education and income. Results were similar in models accounting for use of antihypertensive and cholesterol-lowering medicines and genetic syndromes associated with aortic disease.
Conclusion
Participation in a long-distance skiing event was associated with lower risk of aortic disease and aortic dissection. Faster completion of the race was strongly associated with lower incidence of aortic disease. If causal, this study suggests that high physical activity and exercise may be protective against aortic disease.
Kaplan-Meier Aorta disease
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- J Larsson
- Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Sundstrom
- Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - S James
- Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Andersen
- Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Israelsson H, Larsson J, Eklund A, Malm J. Risk factors, comorbidities, quality of life, and complications after surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: review of the INPH-CRasH study. Neurosurg Focus 2020; 49:E8. [DOI: 10.3171/2020.7.focus20466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEIdiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) is a dementia treatable by insertion of a shunt that drains CSF. The cause of the disease is unknown, but a vascular pathway has been suggested. The INPH-CRasH (Comorbidities and Risk Factors Associated with Hydrocephalus) study was a modern epidemiological case-control study designed to prospectively assess parameters regarding comorbidities and vascular risk factors (VRFs) for INPH, quality of life (QOL), and adverse events in patients with shunted INPH. The objective of this review was to summarize the findings of the INPH-CRasH study.METHODSVRFs, comorbidities, QOL, and adverse events were analyzed in consecutive patients with INPH who underwent shunt placement between 2008 and 2010 in 5 of 6 neurosurgical centers in Sweden. Patients (n = 176, within the age span of 60–85 years and not having dementia) were compared to population-based age- and gender-matched controls (n = 368, same inclusion criteria as for the patients with INPH). Assessed parameters were as follows: hypertension; diabetes; obesity; hyperlipidemia; psychosocial factors (stress and depression); smoking status; alcohol intake; physical activity; dietary pattern; cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, or peripheral vascular disease; epilepsy; abdominal pain; headache; and clinical parameters before and after surgery. Parameters were assessed through questionnaires, clinical examinations, measurements, ECG studies, and blood samples.RESULTSFour VRFs were independently associated with INPH: hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and psychosocial factors. Physical inactivity and hypertension were also associated with INPH, although not independently from the other risk factors. The population attributable risk percent for a model containing all of the VRFs associated with INPH was 24%. Depression was overrepresented in patients with INPH treated with shunts compared to the controls (46% vs 13%, p < 0.001) and the main predictor for low QOL was a coexisting depression (p < 0.001). Shunting improved QOL on a long-term basis. Epilepsy, headache, and abdominal pain remained common for a mean follow-up time of 21 months in INPH patients who received shunts.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the INPH-CRasH study are consistent with a vascular pathophysiological component of INPH. In clinical care and research, a complete risk factor analysis as well as screening for depression and a measurement for QOL should probably be included in the workup of patients with INPH. The effect of targeted interventions against modifiable VRFs and antidepressant treatment in INPH patients should be evaluated. Seizures, headache, and abdominal pain should be inquired about at postoperative follow-up examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Israelsson
- 1Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå
- 2Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences (HMV), Linköping University Hospital, Linköping; and
| | - Jenny Larsson
- 1Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå
| | - Anders Eklund
- 3Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Malm
- 1Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå
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12
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Bengtsson ÅUJ, Ekström JC, Wang X, Jurgilaitis A, Pham VT, Kroon D, Larsson J. Repetitive non-thermal melting as a timing monitor for femtosecond pump/probe X-ray experiments. Struct Dyn 2020; 7:054303. [PMID: 32984435 PMCID: PMC7511237 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved optical pump/X-ray probe experiments are often used to study structural dynamics. To ensure high temporal resolution, it is necessary to monitor the timing between the X-ray pulses and the laser pulses. The transition from a crystalline solid material to a disordered state in a non-thermal melting process can be used as a reliable timing monitor. We have performed a study of the non-thermal melting of InSb in single-shot mode, where we varied the sample temperature in order to determine the conditions required for repetitive melting. We show how experimental conditions affect the feasibility of such a timing tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Å. U. J. Bengtsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - J. C. Ekström
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Xiaocui Wang
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A. Jurgilaitis
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Van-Thai Pham
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - D. Kroon
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - J. Larsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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13
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Wang X, Ekström JC, Bengtsson ÅUJ, Jarnac A, Jurgilaitis A, Pham VT, Kroon D, Enquist H, Larsson J. Role of Thermal Equilibrium Dynamics in Atomic Motion during Nonthermal Laser-Induced Melting. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:105701. [PMID: 32216426 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.105701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study shows that initial atomic velocities as given by thermodynamics play an important role in the dynamics of phase transitions. We tracked the atomic motion during nonthermal laser-induced melting of InSb at different initial temperatures. The ultrafast atomic motion following bond breaking can in general be governed by two mechanisms: the random velocity of each atom at the time of bond breaking (inertial model), and the forces acting on the atoms after bond breaking. The melting dynamics was found to follow the inertial model over a wide temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Wang
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - J C Ekström
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Å U J Bengtsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A Jarnac
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Jurgilaitis
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Van-Thai Pham
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - D Kroon
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - H Enquist
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - J Larsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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14
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Abstract
The growth of snail shells can be described by simple mathematical rules. Variation in a few parameters can explain much of the diversity of shell shapes seen in nature. However, empirical studies of gastropod shell shape variation typically use geometric morphometric approaches, which do not capture this growth pattern. We have developed a way to infer a set of developmentally descriptive shape parameters based on three-dimensional logarithmic helicospiral growth and using landmarks from two-dimensional shell images as input. We demonstrate the utility of this approach, and compare it to the geometric morphometric approach, using a large set of Littorina saxatilis shells in which locally adapted populations differ in shape. Our method can be modified easily to make it applicable to a wide range of shell forms, which would allow for investigations of the similarities and differences between and within many different species of gastropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Larsson
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - S. Bengmark
- Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T. Lundh
- Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R. K. Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Stömstad, Sweden
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Sidorenko DS, Zykova TY, Khoroshko VA, Pokholkova GV, Demakov SA, Larsson J, Belyaeva ES, Zhimulev IF. Polytene chromosomes reflect functional organization of the Drosophila genome. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2019. [DOI: 10.18699/vj19.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster are a convenient model for studying interphase chromosomes of eukaryotes. They are giant in size in comparison with diploid cell chromosomes and have a pattern of cross stripes resulting from the ordered chromatid arrangement. Each region of polytene chromosomes has a unique banding pattern. Using the model of four chromatin types that reveals domains of varying compaction degrees, we were able to correlate the physical and cytological maps of some polytene chromosome regions and to show the main properties of genetic and molecular organization of bands and interbands, that we describe in this review. On the molecular map of the genome, the interbands correspond to decompacted aquamarine chromatin and 5’ ends of ubiquitously active genes. Gray bands contain lazurite and malachite chromatin, intermediate in the level of compaction, and, mainly, coding parts of genes. Dense black transcriptionally inactive bands are enriched in ruby chromatin. Localization of several dozens of interbands on the genome molecular map allowed us to study in detail their architecture according to the data of whole genome projects. The distribution of proteins and regulatory elements of the genome in the promoter regions of genes localized in the interbands shows that these parts of interbands are probably responsible for the formation of open chromatin that is visualized in polytene chromosomes as interbands. Thus, the permanent genetic activity of interbands and gray bands and the inactivity of genes in black bands are the basis of the universal banding pattern in the chromosomes of all Drosophila tissues. The smallest fourth chromosome of Drosophila with an atypical protein composition of chromatin is a special case. Using the model of four chromatin states and fluorescent in situ hybridization, its cytological map was refined and the genomic coordinates of all bands and interbands were determined. It was shown that, in spite of the peculiarities of this chromosome, its band organization in general corresponds to the rest of the genome. Extremely long genes of different Drosophila chromosomes do not fit the common scheme, since they can occupy a series of alternating bands and interbands (up to nine chromosomal structures) formed by parts of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J. Larsson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umea University
| | | | - I. F. Zhimulev
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS; 3 Laboratory of Structural, Functional and Comparative Genomics of the Novosibirsk State University
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16
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Wang X, Jarnac A, Ekström JC, Bengtsson ÅUJ, Dorchies F, Enquist H, Jurgilaitis A, Pedersen MN, Tu CM, Wulff M, Larsson J. Generation of a large compressive strain wave in graphite by ultrashort-pulse laser irradiation. Struct Dyn 2019; 6:024501. [PMID: 30915389 PMCID: PMC6422787 DOI: 10.1063/1.5089291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have studied strain wave generation in graphite induced by an intense ultrashort laser pulse. The study was performed in the intensity regime above the ablation threshold of graphite. The aim was to maximize the strain and, thus, also the internal pressure (stress). Laser pulses with a 1 ps temporal duration melt the surface of graphite resulting in a molten material which initially exists at the solid density. As the molten material expands, a compressive strain wave starts propagating into the crystal below the molten layer. The strain pulse was studied with time-resolved X-ray diffraction. At a temporal delay of 100 ps after laser excitation, we observed >10% compressive strain, which corresponds to a pressure of 7.2 GPa. This strain could be reproduced by hydrodynamic simulations, which also provided a temperature map as a function of time and depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Wang
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - J. C. Ekström
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Å. U. J. Bengtsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - F. Dorchies
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - H. Enquist
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A. Jurgilaitis
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - M. N. Pedersen
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - C.-M. Tu
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - M. Wulff
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - J. Larsson
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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17
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Hsiung S, Knutsson A, van der Have O, Larsson J, Vallejo J, Dunér P, Heinonen S, Jönsson-Rylander AC, Bengtsson E, Nilsson J, Hultgårdh-Nilsson A. Hyperglycemia does not affect tissue repair in mouse models of arterial lesions with different morphologies. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Knutsson A, Hsiung S, Roxå A, Andersson E, Rattik S, Rauch U, Larsson J, Nilsson J, Hultgårdh-Nilsson A. IL-22 deficiency reduces progression of advanced atherosclerotic carotid plaques in apoe deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Larsson J, Israelsson H, Eklund A, Malm J. Epilepsy, headache, and abdominal pain after shunt surgery for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: the INPH-CRasH study. J Neurosurg 2018; 128:1674-1683. [DOI: 10.3171/2017.3.jns162453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEAdverse events related to shunt surgery are common and might have a negative effect on outcome in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH). The authors’ objectives were to establish the frequencies of epilepsy, headache, and abdominal pain and determine their impact on patient quality of life (QOL), in long-term follow-up after shunt surgery for INPH.METHODSOne hundred seventy-six shunt-treated patients with INPH (mean age 74 years) and 368 age- and sex-matched controls from the population were included. The mean follow-up time after surgery was 21 months (range 6–45 months). Each participant answered a questionnaire regarding present frequency and severity of headache and abdominal pain. Confirmed diagnoses of epilepsy and all prescriptions for antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) before and after shunt surgery for INPH were gathered from national registries. Equivalent presurgical and postsurgical time periods were constructed for the controls based on the date of surgery (the division date for controls is referred to as virtual surgery). All registry data covered a mean period of 6 years (range 3–8 years) before surgery/virtual surgery and 4 years (range 2–6 years) after surgery/virtual surgery. Provoked epileptic seizures were excluded. Patient QOL was assessed with the EuroQoL 5-dimension 5-level instrument.RESULTSEpilepsy was more common in shunt-treated patients with INPH than in controls (4.5% vs 1.1%, respectively; p = 0.023), as was treatment with AEDs (14.8% vs 7.3%, respectively; p = 0.010). No difference was found between the populations before surgery/virtual surgery (epilepsy, 2.3% [INPH] vs 1.1% [control], p = 0.280; AED treatment, 8.5% [INPH] vs 5.4% [control], p = 0.235). New-onset epilepsy and new AED treatment after surgery/virtual surgery were more common in INPH (epilepsy, 2.3% [INPH] vs 0.0% [control], p = 0.011; AED, 8.5% [INPH] vs 3.3% [control], p = 0.015). At follow-up, more patients with INPH than controls experienced headache several times per month or more often (36.1% vs 11.6%, respectively; p < 0.001). Patients with INPH and unilateral headache had more right-sided headaches than controls (p = 0.038). Postural headache was experienced by 16% (n = 27 of 169) of the patients with INPH. Twenty percent (n = 35) of the patients with INPH had persistent abdominal pain. Headache was not correlated to lower QOL. The study was underpowered to draw conclusions regarding QOL in patients with INPH who had epilepsy and abdominal pain, but the finding of no net difference in mean QOL indicates that no correlation between them existed.CONCLUSIONSEpilepsy, headache, and abdominal pain are common in long-term follow-up in patients after shunt surgery for INPH and are more common among patients with INPH than in the general population. All adverse events, including mild and moderate ones, should be considered during postoperative follow-ups and in the development of new methods for shunt placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Larsson
- Departments of 1Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience and
| | | | | | - Jan Malm
- Departments of 1Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience and
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20
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Jarnac A, Wang X, Bengtsson ÅUJ, Ekström JC, Enquist H, Jurgilaitis A, Kroon D, Persson AIH, Pham VT, Tu CM, Larsson J. Communication: Demonstration of a 20 ps X-ray switch based on a photoacoustic transducer. Struct Dyn 2017; 4:051102. [PMID: 29085849 PMCID: PMC5630471 DOI: 10.1063/1.4993730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have studied an X-ray switch based on a gold coated indium antimonide crystal using time-resolved X-ray diffraction and demonstrated that the switch could reduce the pulse duration of a 100 ps X-ray pulse down to 20 ps with a peak reflectivity of 8%. We have used a dynamical diffraction code to predict the performance of the switch, which was then confirmed experimentally. The experiment was carried out at the FemtoMAX beamline at the short-pulse facility of the MAX IV laboratory. The performance and limitation of the switch are discussed in terms of acoustic transport properties between the two materials and the electron transport properties of gold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaocui Wang
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Å U J Bengtsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - J C Ekström
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - H Enquist
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A Jurgilaitis
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - D Kroon
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A I H Persson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - V-T Pham
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - C M Tu
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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21
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Larsson J. Monitoring the anaesthetist in the operating theatre - professional competence and patient safety. Anaesthesia 2017; 72 Suppl 1:76-83. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Larsson
- Health Services Research; Uppsala University and Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care; Uppsala University Hospital; Uppsala Sweden
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Larsson J, Fall N, Lindberg M, Jacobson M. Farm characteristics and management routines related to neonatal porcine diarrhoea: a survey among Swedish piglet producers. Acta Vet Scand 2016; 58:77. [PMID: 27832811 PMCID: PMC5103491 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-016-0261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years reports from a number of countries, including Sweden, describe problems with diarrhoea in newborn piglets despite the use of previously effective preventive measures. This seemingly altered disease pattern of neonatal porcine diarrhoea (NPD) warrants investigations on the magnitude and manifestation of the problem. The aim of the present study was to investigate the herd-level prevalence of NPD in Sweden and to describe disease characteristics and intervention strategies used in affected herds. To obtain this information a questionnaire was developed and sent out to 170 randomly selected herds. The presence of NPD in the herds was specified as “Yes”, “No” or “Occasional cases” during the preceding year. Results A response rate of 58% (98/170) was achieved. The total prevalence of farmer experienced NPD, including occasional cases was 79.6% (95% CI 70.6–86.4%). Most herds (85%; 83/98) employed maternal vaccination against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). The most common treatment regimens used in affected herds included antimicrobials only (43%; 18/42) or antimicrobials in combination with supplementary fluids (33%; 14/42). Trimethoprim in combination with a sulphonamide was the drug of choice in 57% (24/42) of the affected herds whereas the remaining herds used a broad range of other antimicrobials (neomycin, amoxicillin, fluoroquinolones, penicillin, and tylosin). Furthermore, the risk of experiencing NPD was found to be higher in herds with >200 sows (OR = 4.0) compared to herds with <200 sows and in herds where more ambitious efforts (such as providing supplemental colostrum or practicing split-suckling) were made to save weak-born piglets (OR = 4.4). Conclusions The results of the present study indicate that Swedish farmers commonly experience NPD in their herds, often despite vaccination against ETEC. Considering the extent of this problem and its contribution to antimicrobial usage, improving alternative control strategies for NPD needs to be prioritized. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13028-016-0261-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Bernhoff K, Björck M, Larsson J, Jangland E. Patient Experiences of Life Years After Severe Civilian Lower Extremity Trauma With Vascular Injury. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016; 52:690-695. [PMID: 27637376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe lower limb trauma with arterial injury is often devastating for the individual. Many studies describe how to manage these injuries when they occur. Short-term functional outcome is quite well described, but the patients are often young, and their suffering is physical, mental, and social from a lifelong perspective. The aim of this study was to report patient experiences of their lives several years after their accidents, and to explore mechanisms of how to improve management. METHOD The Swedvasc registry was searched for participants from 1987 to 2011, living in the region of Uppsala, Sweden. Some amputated participants were added from the Walking Rehabilitation Center. There were five reconstructed patients with an intact limb, and three with amputations. In depth interviews were conducted and systematically analyzed, using A Giorgi's descriptive phenomenological method. RESULTS Eight patients participated, five with reconstructed and three with amputated limbs. Life affecting functional impairments were described by all patients. The patients undergoing amputation had received more structured follow up and support through the Walking Rehabilitation Center. The satisfaction with the cosmetic result was poorer than expected. All patients had developed strategies of how to cope with their impairments and stated they now lived "normal lives." CONCLUSIONS Despite substantial physical, psychological, and cosmetic impairments years after severe lower limb trauma, the participants described life as "normal" and mainly satisfactory. Transition to the new situation could have been facilitated by more frequent and continuous follow up after discharge from hospital, in particular among the non-amputated patients who tend to be lost to follow up. Findings also indicate that family members have to be acknowledged, strengthened, and supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bernhoff
- Section of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - M Björck
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Larsson
- Health Services Research, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Jangland
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Karlsson OE, Larsson J, Hayer J, Berg M, Jacobson M. The Intestinal Eukaryotic Virome in Healthy and Diarrhoeic Neonatal Piglets. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151481. [PMID: 26982708 PMCID: PMC4794121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal porcine diarrhoea of uncertain aetiology has been reported from a number of European countries. The aim of the present study was to use viral metagenomics to examine a potential viral involvement in this diarrhoea and to describe the intestinal virome with focus on eukaryotic viruses. Samples from the distal jejunum of 50 diarrhoeic and 19 healthy piglets from 10 affected herds were analysed. The viral fraction of the samples was isolated and nucleic acids (RNA and DNA fractions) were subjected to sequence independent amplification. Samples from diarrhoeic piglets from the same herds were pooled whereas samples from healthy piglets were analysed individually. In total, 29 clinical samples, plus two negative controls and one positive control consisting of a mock metagenome were sequenced using the Ion Torrent platform. The resulting sequence data was subjected to taxonomic classification using Kraken, Diamond and HMMER. In the healthy specimens, eight different mammalian virus families were detected (Adenoviridae, Anelloviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Circoviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, and Reoviridae) compared to four in the pooled diarrhoeic samples (Anelloviridae, Circoviridae, Picornaviridae, and Reoviridae). It was not possible to associate a particular virus family with the investigated diarrhoea. In conclusion, this study does not support the hypothesis that the investigated diarrhoea was caused by known mammalian viruses. The results do, however, indicate that known mammalian viruses were present in the intestine as early as 24–48 hours after birth, indicating immediate infection post-partum or possibly transplacental infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar E. Karlsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health (BVF), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
- SLU Global Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics (HGEN), SLU, Uppsala, Sweden
- The OIE Collaborating Centre for the Biotechnology-based Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in Veterinary Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Jenny Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences (KV), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juliette Hayer
- SLU Global Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics (HGEN), SLU, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Berg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health (BVF), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
- The OIE Collaborating Centre for the Biotechnology-based Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in Veterinary Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Jacobson
- Department of Clinical Sciences (KV), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
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Elgzyri T, Larsson J, Nyberg P, Thörne J, Eriksson KF, Apelqvist J. Reconstructive vascular surgery and the extent of tissue damage due to diabetic foot ulcers relates to risk of new ulceration in patients with PAD. J Wound Care 2016; 24:590, 592-7. [PMID: 26654740 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2015.24.12.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is limited information regarding new ulceration following the healing of ischaemic foot ulcers in diabetic patients. Our aim is to study new ulcerations in the same foot as the previous ulcer(s) in patients with diabetes and severe peripheral artery disease (PAD). METHOD Patients with diabetes and severe PAD who healed from previous ulcer(s) (Wagner grade 1-5, at or below the ankle), were recruited for the prospective study from the time of healing of their ulcer. Patients were followed up regarding new ulceration, and their treatments and ulcer status noted either directly or on examination of medical records. RESULTS We analysed the data on 602 patients with diabetes and severe PAD with healed foot ulcers, either primarily (n=443, 74%) or after minor amputation (n=159, 26%). Of these 51% (n=305) had revascularisation before healing from the previous ulcer, 34% (n=202) developed a new ulcer on the same foot within 15 months (range 0-106). Amputation was required by 22% (n=45) of patients, with a new ulcer on the same foot. The median survival time of all patients (n=602) was 54 months. By regression analysis, a low maximal Wagner grade for the previous ulcer and reconstructive vascular surgery was related to a decreased risk of developing new ulcers in the same foot. CONCLUSION Patients with diabetes and ischaemic foot ulcers have a high-risk for developing new ulcers and amputation in the same foot after healing. The extent of tissue involvement in the previous ulcer and reconstructive vascular surgery affected the risk for development of new ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Elgzyri
- Senior Consultant, Associate Professor, Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö
| | - J Larsson
- Senior Consultant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund
| | - P Nyberg
- Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund
| | - J Thörne
- Senior Consultant, Department of Surgery, Helsingborg's Hospital, Helsingborg
| | - K-F Eriksson
- Senior Consultant, Associate Professor, Vascular Department, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö
| | - J Apelqvist
- Senior Consultant, Associate Professor, Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö
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Larsson J, Aspán A, Lindberg R, Grandon R, Båverud V, Fall N, Jacobson M. Pathological and bacteriological characterization of neonatal porcine diarrhoea of uncertain aetiology. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:916-926. [PMID: 26272503 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal porcine diarrhoea of uncertain aetiology has been reported from a number of countries. This study investigated 50 diarrhoeic and 19 healthy piglets from 10 affected Swedish herds. The piglets were blood-sampled for analysis of serum γ-globulin and necropsied, and the intestines were sampled for histopathology and cultured for Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile. Escherichia coli isolates (n = 276) were examined by PCR for virulence genes encoding LT, STa, STb, EAST1, VT2e, F4, F5, F6, F18, F41, AIDA-I, intimin, and for the genes aaiC and aggR. Selected isolates were analysed for additional virulence genes by a microarray and subjected to O-typing. Clostridium perfringens isolates (n = 152) were examined by PCR for genes encoding major toxins, enterotoxin and beta2-toxin. There was no difference in serum γ-globulin concentration between diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic piglets, and pathological lesions in the intestines were generally mild. Porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, a common cause of piglet diarrhoea, was only found in two piglets. Further, the virulence gene profiling did not suggest involvement of other diarrhoeogenic pathotypes of Escherichia coli. Growth of Clostridium perfringens did not differ between diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic piglets. All isolates were type A, all were negative for enterotoxin, and 151 of 152 isolates were beta2-toxin positive. In pigs ≥ 2 days old, moderate to profuse growth of Clostridium difficile was more common in the controls. In conclusion, it was not possible to relate Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens type A and C or Clostridium difficile to neonatal porcine diarrhoea in any of the investigated herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Aspán
- Department of Bacteriology, National Veterinary Institute, SE-75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ronny Lindberg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Grandon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Viveca Båverud
- Department of Bacteriology, National Veterinary Institute, SE-75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nils Fall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Jacobson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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Burza M, Enquist H, Jurgilaitis A, Nygaard J, Larsson J. Dispersion and monochromatization of x-rays using a beryllium prism. Opt Express 2015; 23:620-627. [PMID: 25835820 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally and numerically that an x-ray prism made of beryllium can be used to disperse and monochromatize x-rays. A polished beryllium cuboid was employed as refractive and dispersive optics. The results of a proof-of-principle experiment and methods of performance optimization are presented. The spatial separation of undulator harmonics and their subsequent selection using a slit are described. A numerical study, assuming realistic beam and beamline parameters, suggests that undulator harmonics can be spatially separated in the range from 3 keV to beyond 20 keV, while maintaining throughput above 50%. Refractive optics is particularly suitable for low-repetition-rate sources such as free-electron lasers and other LINAC-based short-pulse sources.
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Elgzyri T, Larsson J, Nyberg P, Thörne J, Eriksson KF, Apelqvist J. Early revascularization after admittance to a diabetic foot center affects the healing probability of ischemic foot ulcer in patients with diabetes. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2014; 48:440-6. [PMID: 25106090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is limited information about whether time from recognition of decreased perfusion to revascularization affects the probability of healing in a patient with a diabetic foot ulcer. The aim of the present study was to examine whether time to revascularization after referral to a multidisciplinary foot center was related to the outcome of foot ulcers in patients with diabetes and severe peripheral arterial disease (PAD). METHODS Patients with diabetes, a foot ulcer, and a systolic toe pressure <45 mmHg or an ankle pressure <80 mmHg were prospectively included at the foot center, and considered for revascularization according to a preset protocol. All patients underwent invasive revascularization, either percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) or reconstructive vascular surgery. All patients had continuous follow-up until healing or death irrespective of the type of revascularization. RESULTS A total of 478 patients were included (age 74 [range 66-80] years, 60% males), of whom 315 patients (66%) had PTA, and 163 (34%) had reconstructive surgery. Of the 478 patients, 217 (45%) healed primarily, 88 (19%) healed after a minor amputation, 76 (16%) healed after a major amputation and 92 patients (19%) died unhealed. The median time from inclusion in the study to revascularization was 8 weeks (3-18 weeks). Time to vascular intervention within 8 weeks (p < .001), maximum Wagner grade reached <3 (p < .001), absence of peripheral edema (p = .033), and presence of intermittent claudication (p = .001) were related to a higher probability of healing. CONCLUSIONS Time to revascularization and extent of tissue damage were related to the probability of healing of ischemic foot ulcer in patients with diabetes over time. In the presence of a decreased perfusion in a patient with diabetes and a foot ulcer not only revascularization per se but also timing of revascularization is important for the possibility of healing without a major amputation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Elgzyri
- Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - J Larsson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Nyberg
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Thörne
- Department of Surgery, Helsingborg's Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - K-F Eriksson
- Vascular Department, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Apelqvist
- Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Jurgilaitis A, Enquist H, Andreasson BP, Persson AIH, Borg BM, Caroff P, Dick KA, Harb M, Linke H, Nüske R, Wernersson LE, Larsson J. Time-resolved X-ray diffraction investigation of the modified phonon dispersion in InSb nanowires. Nano Lett 2014; 14:541-546. [PMID: 24387246 DOI: 10.1021/nl403596b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The modified phonon dispersion is of importance for understanding the origin of the reduced heat conductivity in nanowires. We have measured the phonon dispersion for 50 nm diameter InSb (111) nanowires using time-resolved X-ray diffraction. By comparing the sound speed of the bulk (3880 m/s) and that of a classical thin rod (3600 m/s) to our measurement (2880 m/s), we conclude that the origin of the reduced sound speed and thereby to the reduced heat conductivity is that the C44 elastic constant is reduced by 35% compared to the bulk material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jurgilaitis
- Department of Physics and ‡MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University , P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Larsson J, Maitz A, Hernandez Salazar LT, Laska M. Gustatory responsiveness to the 20 proteinogenic amino acids in the spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi). Physiol Behav 2014; 127:20-6. [PMID: 24480073 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The gustatory responsiveness of four adult spider monkeys to the 20 proteinogenic amino acids was assessed in two-bottle preference tests of brief duration (1min). We found that Ateles geoffroyi responded with significant preferences for seven amino acids (glycine, l-proline, l-alanine, l-serine, l-glutamic acid, l-aspartic acid, and l-lysine) when presented at a concentration of 100mM and/or 200mM and tested against water. At the same concentrations, the animals significantly rejected five amino acids (l-tryptophan, l-tyrosine, l-valine, l-cysteine, and l-isoleucine) and were indifferent to the remaining tastants. Further, the results show that the spider monkeys discriminated concentrations as low as 0.2mM l-lysine, 2mM l-glutamic acid, 10mM l-proline, 20mM l-valine, 40mM glycine, l-serine, and l-aspartic acid, and 80mM l-alanine from the alternative stimulus, with individual animals even scoring lower threshold values. A comparison between the taste qualities of the proteinogenic amino acids as described by humans and the preferences and aversions observed in the spider monkeys suggests a fairly high degree of agreement in the taste quality perception of these tastants between the two species. A comparison between the taste preference thresholds obtained with the spider monkeys and taste detection thresholds reported in human subjects suggests that the taste sensitivity of A. geoffroyi for the amino acids tested here might match that of Homo sapiens. The results support the assumption that the taste responses of spider monkeys to proteinogenic amino acids might reflect an evolutionary adaptation to their frugivorous and thus protein-poor diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Larsson
- IFM Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Maitz
- IFM Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Matthias Laska
- IFM Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
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Preece R, Burgess JM, von Kienlin A, Bhat PN, Briggs MS, Byrne D, Chaplin V, Cleveland W, Collazzi AC, Connaughton V, Diekmann A, Fitzpatrick G, Foley S, Gibby M, Giles M, Goldstein A, Greiner J, Gruber D, Jenke P, Kippen RM, Kouveliotou C, McBreen S, Meegan C, Paciesas WS, Pelassa V, Tierney D, van der Horst AJ, Wilson-Hodge C, Xiong S, Younes G, Yu HF, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Axelsson M, Baldini L, Barbiellini G, Baring MG, Bastieri D, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Bonamente E, Bregeon J, Brigida M, Bruel P, Buehler R, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cominsky LR, Conrad J, D'Ammando F, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Dermer CD, Desiante R, Digel SW, Di Venere L, Drell PS, Drlica-Wagner A, Favuzzi C, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Godfrey G, Granot J, Grenier IA, Guiriec S, Hadasch D, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Iyyani S, Jogler T, Jóhannesson G, Kawano T, Knödlseder J, Kocevski D, Kuss M, Lande J, Larsson J, Larsson S, Latronico L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, Michelson PF, Mizuno T, Monzani ME, Moretti E, Morselli A, Murgia S, Nemmen R, Nuss E, Nymark T, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Okumura A, Omodei N, Orienti M, Paneque D, Perkins JS, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Pivato G, Porter TA, Racusin JL, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ritz S, Roth M, Ryde F, Sartori A, Scargle JD, Schulz A, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Thayer JG, Thayer JB, Tibaldo L, Tinivella M, Torres DF, Tosti G, Troja E, Usher TL, Vandenbroucke J, Vasileiou V, Vianello G, Vitale V, Werner M, Winer BL, Wood KS, Zhu S. The First Pulse of the Extremely Bright GRB 130427A: A Test Lab for Synchrotron Shocks. Science 2014; 343:51-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1242302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Preece
- Department of Space Science, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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Jurgilaitis A, Enquist H, Harb M, Dick KA, Borg BM, Nüske R, Wernersson LE, Larsson J. Measurements of light absorption efficiency in InSb nanowires. Struct Dyn 2014; 1:014502. [PMID: 26913673 PMCID: PMC4711595 DOI: 10.1063/1.4833559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on measurements of the light absorption efficiency of InSb nanowires. The absorbed 70 fs light pulse generates carriers, which equilibrate with the lattice via electron-phonon coupling. The increase in lattice temperature is manifested as a strain that can be measured with X-ray diffraction. The diffracted X-ray signal from the excited sample was measured using a streak camera. The amount of absorbed light was deduced by comparing X-ray diffraction measurements with simulations. It was found that 3.0(6)% of the radiation incident on the sample was absorbed by the nanowires, which cover 2.5% of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jurgilaitis
- Department of Physics, Lund University , P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - H Enquist
- MAX IV laboratory, Lund University , P.O. Box 118, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Harb
- Department of Physics, Lund University , P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - B M Borg
- Department of Physics, Lund University , P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - R Nüske
- Department of Physics, Lund University , P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - L-E Wernersson
- Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University , P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - J Larsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University , P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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D’Ammando F, Orienti M, Finke J, Larsson J, Giroletti M. Relativistic jets in narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies. New discoveries and open questions. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20136105006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Torngren K, Ohman J, Salmi H, Larsson J, Erlinge D. Ticagrelor improves peripheral arterial function in patients with a previous acute coronary syndrome. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.4529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Elgzyri T, Larsson J, Thörne J, Eriksson KF, Apelqvist J. Outcome of Ischemic Foot Ulcer in Diabetic Patients Who Had no Invasive Vascular Intervention. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2013; 46:110-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nicoul M, Quirin F, Lindenberg A, Barty A, Fritz D, Zhu D, Lemke H, Chollet M, Reis D, Chen J, Ghimire S, Trigo M, Fuchs M, Gaffney K, Larsson J, Becker T, Meyer S, Payer T, Meyer zu Heringdorf F, Horn von Hoegen M, Jerman M, Sokolowski-Tinten K. Ultrafast laser-induced melting and ablation studied by time-resolved diffuse X-ray scattering. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134104013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Larsson J, Holmström IK. How excellent anaesthetists perform in the operating theatre: a qualitative study on non-technical skills. Br J Anaesth 2012; 110:115-21. [PMID: 23048067 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aes359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teaching trainees to become competent professionals who can keep the complex system of anaesthesia safe is important. From a safety point of view, non-technical skills such as smooth cooperation and good communication deserve as much attention as theoretical knowledge and practical skills, which by tradition have dominated training programmes in anaesthesiology. This study aimed to describe the way excellent anaesthetists act in the operating theatre, as seen by experienced anaesthesia nurses. METHODS The study had a descriptive and qualitative design. Five focus group interviews with three or four experienced Swedish anaesthesia nurses in each group were conducted. Interviews were analysed by using a qualitative method, looking for common themes. RESULTS Six themes were found: (A) structured, responsible, and focused way of approaching work tasks; (B) clear and informative, briefing the team about the action plan before induction; (C) humble to the complexity of anaesthesia, admitting own fallibility; (D) patient-centred, having a personal contact with the patient before induction; (D) fluent in practical work without losing overview; and (F) calm and clear in critical situations, being able to change to a strong leading style. CONCLUSIONS Experienced anaesthesia nurses gave nuanced descriptions of how excellent anaesthetists behave and perform. These aspects of the anaesthetist's work often attract too little attention in specialist training, notwithstanding their importance for safety and fluency at work. Creating role models based on studies like the present one could be one way of increasing safety in anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Larsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Unosson M, Larsson J, Ek AC, Bjurulf P. Effects of dietary supplement on functional condition and clinical outcome measured with a modified Norton scale. Clin Nutr 2012; 11:134-9. [PMID: 16839988 DOI: 10.1016/0261-5614(92)90073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/1991] [Accepted: 03/18/1992] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Elderly long-term care patients (n = 501) were randomly allocated to receive dietary supplementation (400 kcal/day) in addition to a normal hospital diet, or normal hospital diet only, for 26 weeks. The patients' functional condition was assessed by a modified Norton scale comprising mental condition, activity, mobility, food intake, fluid intake, incontinence and general physical state. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometry, serum protein analysis and delayed hypersensitivity skin tests. Improvements during the first 8 weeks were seen in activity and general physical condition in the supplemented group, and in mobility and general physical condition in the control group. After 8 weeks the supplemented group showed a significantly higher level of activity (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. We conclude that in long-term geriatric care nutritional supplements help to maintain and improve the patients function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Unosson
- Department of Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Hospital, S-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
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Ek AC, Unosson M, Larsson J, Von Schenck H, Bjurulf P. The development and healing of pressure sores related to the nutritional state. Clin Nutr 2012; 10:245-50. [PMID: 16839927 DOI: 10.1016/0261-5614(91)90002-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/1991] [Accepted: 06/24/1991] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the study were to investigate the relationship between nutritional state and the development of pressure sores and to test the hypothesis that supplementary nutritional support might prevent pressure sore development and improve healing. Newly admitted long-term care patients hospitalised for more than 3 weeks were included and randomised into an experimental and a control group. The nutritional state was evaluated using serum protein analyses, anthropometry and the delayed hypersensitivity skin test. Further, the patients' condition was assessed weekly using a modified Norton scale. The experimental group received extra nutritional support. Significantly more patients with protein-energy malnutrition had, or developed, pressure sores. Regression analyses indicated albumin, mobility, activity and food intake as predictors for pressure sores. Patients who received extra nutritional support tended to develop fewer pressure sores and to heal existing pressure sores to a greater extent than the control group, although this did not reach statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Ek
- Departments of Caring Sciences, Surgery, Clinical Chemistry and Preventive and Social Medicine, University Hospital, S-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
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Arakelian E, Gunningberg L, Larsson J, Norlén K, Mahteme H. Factors influencing early postoperative recovery after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Eur J Surg Oncol 2011; 37:897-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Svensson H, Apelqvist J, Larsson J, Lindholm E, Eneroth M. Minor amputation in patients with diabetes mellitus and severe foot ulcers achieves good outcomes. J Wound Care 2011; 20:261-2, 264, 266 passim. [PMID: 21727875 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2011.20.6.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the outcome of minor amputations (through, or distal to, the ankle joint) in patients with diabetes. METHOD All diabetic patients in a defined population undergoing one or more minor amputation between 1982 and 2006 were investigated according to a standardised protocol and were followed until final outcome (healing or death). A total of 410 consecutive amputations in 309 patients with a median age of 73 (32-93) years were identified. RESULTS In 94% of amputations, deep infection (39%) and/or gangrene (55%) was present. Severe peripheral vascular disease or critical limb ischaemia was present in 61% of amputations. 261/410 (64%) of the amputations healed at a level below the ankle joint; 69/410 (17%) healed after a re-amputation above the ankle joint; in 76/410 of amputations (19%), the patient died before healing could occur. In surviving patients, 79% of the amputations healed below the ankle. Median healing time for amputations that healed below the ankle was 26 (2-250) weeks; 21% of amputations required a re-amputation above the ankle. None of the analysed parameters excluded the possibility of healing below the ankle. CONCLUSION In this population-based survey, the goal of avoiding major amputation was achieved in almost two thirds of minor amputations, but at the price of long healing times. In almost all amputations, the patient had deep infection and/or gangrene. In spite of this, 64% of all amputations, and 79% of amputations in surviving patients, healed at a level below the ankle. This indicates that minor amputations in these patients are worthwhile. DECLARATION OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Svensson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Statistical process control (SPC) charts have not been widely used to monitor workplace health and work environments. This research and effort to develop a more accurate and easy to use management control system for employee health is important from a humanistic, societal and economic standpoint, as well as complying with laws that regulate work environments. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study is to design and discuss control charts as an early warning system for workplace health outcomes to promote workplace health management. Another purpose is to discuss relevant factors in the concept of the out-of-control action plan (OCAP) as a response when a chart warns that the workplace process may be malfunctioning. PARTICIPANTS Two Swedish organizations were selected as case study organizations: a department at a university and an elderly care operation in a municipality. METHODS This study was explorative and should be seen as a starting point in learning how to use control charts for workplace health management. Self-assessed general health and new sick-cases per employee were selected as indicators for the control charts. RESULTS An integrated early warning system with Cumulative Sums- and Shewhart-charts are presented to show a possible method as to how an early warning system can be structured through the use of statistical control charts. CONCLUSIONS The conclusion of this study is that control charts, along with well-designed implementation, make up a powerful and useable managerial early-warning system which promotes workplace health and helps to prevent sickness absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Larsson
- Department of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Quality Technology and Management, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Statistical process control (SPC) charts have not been widely used to monitor workplace health and work environments. This research and effort to develop a more accurate and easy to use management control system for employee health is important from a humanistic, societal and economic standpoint, as well as complying with laws that regulate work environments. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study is to design and discuss control charts as an early warning system for workplace health outcomes to promote workplace health management. Another purpose is to discuss relevant factors in the concept of the out-of-control action plan (OCAP) as a response when a chart warns that the workplace process may be malfunctioning. PARTICIPANTS Two Swedish organizations were selected as case study organizations: a department at a university and an elderly care operation in a municipality. METHODS This study was explorative and should be seen as a starting point in learning how to use control charts for workplace health management. Self-assessed general health and new sick-cases per employee were selected as indicators for the control charts. RESULTS An integrated early warning system with Cumulative Sums- and Shewhart-charts are presented to show a possible method as to how an early warning system can be structured through the use of statistical control charts. CONCLUSIONS The conclusion of this study is that control charts, along with well-designed implementation, make up a powerful and useable managerial early-warning system which promotes workplace health and helps to prevent sickness absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Larsson
- Department of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Quality Technology and Management, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
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Gaudin J, Keitel B, Jurgilaitis A, Nüske R, Guérin L, Larsson J, Mann K, Schäfer B, Tiedtke K, Trapp A, Tschentscher T, Yang F, Wulff M, Sinn H, Flöter B. Time-resolved investigation of nanometer scale deformations induced by a high flux x-ray beam. Opt Express 2011; 19:15516-15524. [PMID: 21934914 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.015516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present results of a time-resolved pump-probe experiment where a Si sample was exposed to an intense 15 keV beam and its surface monitored by measuring the wavefront deformation of a reflected optical laser probe beam. By reconstructing and back propagating the wavefront, the deformed surface can be retrieved for each time step. The dynamics of the heat bump, build-up and relaxation, is followed with a spatial resolution in the nanometer range. The results are interpreted taking into account results of finite element method simulations. Due to its robustness and simplicity this method should find further developments at new x-ray light sources (FEL) or be used to gain understanding on thermo-dynamical behavior of highly excited materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gaudin
- European XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.
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Arakelian E, Gunningberg L, Larsson J. Defining operating room efficiency from the perspective of the staff member and the supervisor. Int J Qual Health Care 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzr016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Arakelian E, Gunningberg L, Larsson J. How operating room efficiency is understood in a surgical team: a qualitative study. Int J Qual Health Care 2010; 23:100-6. [DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzq063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND When using epidural anaesthesia (EDA) for pain relief after major surgery, a failure rate of 10% is common. A crucial step in improving the care of patients with EDA is to define the position of the epidural catheter. The aim of this study was to investigate how much time it takes to determine whether the block is sufficient by assessing the extent of loss of cold sensation before induction of anaesthesia. METHODS One hundred patients listed for abdominal surgery were included in the study. After an epidural catheter had been inserted and an intrathecal or an intravenous position had been made unlikely by the use of a test dose, the patient was given a bolus dose of local anaesthetic plus an opioid in the epidural catheter. The epidural block was tested every 2 min, starting at 5 min and ending at 15 min. When at least four segments were blocked bilaterally, the testing was stopped, the time was noted and the patient was anaesthetised. RESULTS An epidural block was demonstrated after 5-6 min in 37 patients, after 7-8 min in 43 additional patients and after 9-10 min in 15 patients. In one patient, it took 12 min and in three patients, it took 15 min. In two patients, no epidural block could be demonstrated. CONCLUSION Testing an epidural anaesthetic before the induction of anaesthesia takes only 5-10 extra minutes. Knowing whether the catheter is correctly placed means better quality of care, giving the anaesthetist better prerequisites for taking care of the patient post-operatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Larsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Larsson J, Sanner M. Doing a good job and getting something good out of it: on stress and well-being in anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2010; 105:34-7. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kvistholm Jensen A, Ethelberg S, Smith B, Møller Nielsen E, Larsson J, Mølbak K, Christensen JJ, Kemp M. Substantial increase in listeriosis, Denmark 2009. Euro Surveill 2010. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.15.12.19522-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2009, 97 cases of listeriosis were reported in Denmark (1.8 per 100,000), a significant rise over the previous year. The increase was seen both in cases of bacteraemia and meningitis and affected mainly people aged 70 years and older. A foodborne outbreak of eight cases was identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing. No explanation has so far been found for the marked increase in incidence. An increasing trend has been observed since 2003 and possible explanations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kvistholm Jensen
- Department of Microbiological Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Ethelberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Microbiological Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Smith
- Department of Microbiological Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Møller Nielsen
- Department of Microbiological Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Larsson
- Department of Microbiological Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Mølbak
- Department of Epidemiology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J J Christensen
- Department of Microbiological Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Kemp
- Department of Microbiological Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kvistholm Jensen A, Ethelberg S, Smith B, Moller Nielsen E, Larsson J, Molbak K, Christensen JJ, Kemp M. Substantial increase in listeriosis, Denmark 2009. Euro Surveill 2010; 15:19522. [PMID: 20350498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2009, 97 cases of listeriosis were reported in Denmark (1.8 per 100,000), a significant rise over the previous year. The increase was seen both in cases of bacteraemia and meningitis and affected mainly people aged 70 years and older. A foodborne outbreak of eight cases was identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing. No explanation has so far been found for the marked increase in incidence. An increasing trend has been observed since 2003 and possible explanations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kvistholm Jensen
- Department of Microbiological Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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