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Puchinger K, Castelletti N, Rubio-Acero R, Geldmacher C, Eser TM, Deák F, Paunovic I, Bakuli A, Saathoff E, von Meyer A, Markgraf A, Falk P, Reich J, Riess F, Girl P, Müller K, Radon K, Guggenbuehl Noller JM, Wölfel R, Hoelscher M, Kroidl I, Wieser A, Olbrich L, Alamoudi E, Anderson J, Baumann M, Behlen M, Beyerl J, Böhnlein R, Brauer A, Britz V, Bruger J, Caroli F, Contento L, Diekmannshemke J, Do A, Dobler G, Eberle U, Eckstein J, Frese J, Forster F, Frahnow T, Fröschl G, Geisenberger O, Gillig K, Heiber A, Hinske C, Hoefflin J, Hofberger T, Höfinger M, Hofmann L, Horn S, Huber K, Janke C, Kappl U, Kiani C, Kroidl A, Laxy M, Leidl R, Lindner F, Mayrhofer R, Mekota AM, Müller H, Metaxa D, Pattard L, Pletschette M, Prückner S, Pusl K, Raimúndez E, Rothe C, Schäfer N, Schandelmaier P, Schneider L, Schultz S, Schunk M, Schwettmann L, Seibold H, Sothmann P, Stapor P, Theis F, Thiel V, Thiesbrummel S, Thur N, Waibel J, Wallrauch C, Winter S, Wolff J, Wullinger P, Yaqine H, Zange S, Zeggini E, Zimmermann T, Zielke A, Ibraheem M, Ahmed M, Becker M, Diepers P, Schälte Y, Garí M, Pütz P, Pritsch M, Fingerle V, Le Gleut R, Gilberg L, Brand I, Diefenbach M, Eser T, Weinauer F, Martin S, Quenzel EM, Durner J, Girl P, Müller K, Radon K, Fuchs C, Hasenauer J. The interplay of viral loads, clinical presentation, and serological responses in SARS-CoV-2 – Results from a prospective cohort of outpatient COVID-19 cases. Virology 2022; 569:37-43. [PMID: 35245784 PMCID: PMC8855229 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Risk factors for disease progression and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections require an understanding of acute and long-term virological and immunological dynamics. Fifty-one RT-PCR positive COVID-19 outpatients were recruited between May and December 2020 in Munich, Germany, and followed up at multiple defined timepoints for up to one year. RT-PCR and viral culture were performed and seroresponses measured. Participants were classified applying the WHO clinical progression scale. Short symptom to test time (median 5.0 days; p = 0.0016) and high viral loads (VL; median maximum VL: 3∙108 copies/mL; p = 0.0015) were indicative for viral culture positivity. Participants with WHO grade 3 at baseline had significantly higher VLs compared to those with WHO 1 and 2 (p = 0.01). VLs dropped fast within 1 week of symptom onset. Maximum VLs were positively correlated with the magnitude of Ro-N-Ig seroresponse (p = 0.022). Our results describe the dynamics of VLs and antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in mild to moderate cases that can support public health measures during the ongoing global pandemic.
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Olbrich L, Castelletti N, Schälte Y, Garí M, Pütz P, Bakuli A, Pritsch M, Kroidl I, Saathoff E, Guggenbuehl Noller JM, Fingerle V, Le Gleut R, Gilberg L, Brand I, Falk P, Markgraf A, Deák F, Riess F, Diefenbach M, Eser T, Weinauer F, Martin S, Quenzel EM, Becker M, Durner J, Girl P, Müller K, Radon K, Fuchs C, Wölfel R, Hasenauer J, Hoelscher M, Wieser A. Head-to-head evaluation of seven different seroassays including direct viral neutralisation in a representative cohort for SARS-CoV-2. J Gen Virol 2021; 102:001653. [PMID: 34623233 PMCID: PMC8604188 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of seroassays are available for SARS-CoV-2 testing; yet, head-to-head evaluations of different testing principles are limited, especially using raw values rather than categorical data. In addition, identifying correlates of protection is of utmost importance, and comparisons of available testing systems with functional assays, such as direct viral neutralisation, are needed.We analysed 6658 samples consisting of true-positives (n=193), true-negatives (n=1091), and specimens of unknown status (n=5374). For primary testing, we used Euroimmun-Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA-IgA/IgG and Roche-Elecsys-Anti-SARS-CoV-2. Subsequently virus-neutralisation, GeneScriptcPass, VIRAMED-SARS-CoV-2-ViraChip, and Mikrogen-recomLine-SARS-CoV-2-IgG were applied for confirmatory testing. Statistical modelling generated optimised assay cut-off thresholds. Sensitivity of Euroimmun-anti-S1-IgA was 64.8%, specificity 93.3% (manufacturer's cut-off); for Euroimmun-anti-S1-IgG, sensitivity was 77.2/79.8% (manufacturer's/optimised cut-offs), specificity 98.0/97.8%; Roche-anti-N sensitivity was 85.5/88.6%, specificity 99.8/99.7%. In true-positives, mean and median Euroimmun-anti-S1-IgA and -IgG titres decreased 30/90 days after RT-PCR-positivity, Roche-anti-N titres decreased significantly later. Virus-neutralisation was 80.6% sensitive, 100.0% specific (≥1:5 dilution). Neutralisation surrogate tests (GeneScriptcPass, Mikrogen-recomLine-RBD) were >94.9% sensitive and >98.1% specific. Optimised cut-offs improved test performances of several tests. Confirmatory testing with virus-neutralisation might be complemented with GeneScriptcPassTM or recomLine-RBD for certain applications. Head-to-head comparisons given here aim to contribute to the refinement of testing strategies for individual and public health use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Olbrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Noemi Castelletti
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yannik Schälte
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Mercè Garí
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Pütz
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Abhishek Bakuli
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Pritsch
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Inge Kroidl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Elmar Saathoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
| | | | - Volker Fingerle
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Germany
| | - Ronan Le Gleut
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Core Facility Statistical Consulting, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Leonard Gilberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Brand
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Philine Falk
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Alisa Markgraf
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Flora Deák
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich Riess
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Max Diefenbach
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Tabea Eser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Marc Becker
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Laboratory Becker and colleagues, Führichstr. 70, 81671 München, Germany
| | - Jürgen Durner
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Laboratory Becker and colleagues, Führichstr. 70, 81671 München, Germany
| | - Philipp Girl
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Müller
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Radon
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Fuchs
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Core Facility Statistical Consulting, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Roman Wölfel
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
| | - on behalf of the KoCo19-Study Group
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Germany
- Core Facility Statistical Consulting, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- BRK-Blutspendedienst, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Laboratory Becker and colleagues, Führichstr. 70, 81671 München, Germany
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 80337 Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
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Radon K, Bakuli A, Pütz P, Le Gleut R, Guggenbuehl Noller JM, Olbrich L, Saathoff E, Garí M, Schälte Y, Frahnow T, Wölfel R, Pritsch M, Rothe C, Pletschette M, Rubio-Acero R, Beyerl J, Metaxa D, Forster F, Thiel V, Castelletti N, Rieß F, Diefenbach MN, Fröschl G, Bruger J, Winter S, Frese J, Puchinger K, Brand I, Kroidl I, Wieser A, Hoelscher M, Hasenauer J, Fuchs C. From first to second wave: follow-up of the prospective COVID-19 cohort (KoCo19) in Munich (Germany). BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:925. [PMID: 34493217 PMCID: PMC8423599 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the 2nd year of the COVID-19 pandemic, knowledge about the dynamics of the infection in the general population is still limited. Such information is essential for health planners, as many of those infected show no or only mild symptoms and thus, escape the surveillance system. We therefore aimed to describe the course of the pandemic in the Munich general population living in private households from April 2020 to January 2021. METHODS The KoCo19 baseline study took place from April to June 2020 including 5313 participants (age 14 years and above). From November 2020 to January 2021, we could again measure SARS-CoV-2 antibody status in 4433 of the baseline participants (response 83%). Participants were offered a self-sampling kit to take a capillary blood sample (dry blood spot; DBS). Blood was analysed using the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay (Roche). Questionnaire information on socio-demographics and potential risk factors assessed at baseline was available for all participants. In addition, follow-up information on health-risk taking behaviour and number of personal contacts outside the household (N = 2768) as well as leisure time activities (N = 1263) were collected in summer 2020. RESULTS Weighted and adjusted (for specificity and sensitivity) SARS-CoV-2 sero-prevalence at follow-up was 3.6% (95% CI 2.9-4.3%) as compared to 1.8% (95% CI 1.3-3.4%) at baseline. 91% of those tested positive at baseline were also antibody-positive at follow-up. While sero-prevalence increased from early November 2020 to January 2021, no indication of geospatial clustering across the city of Munich was found, although cases clustered within households. Taking baseline result and time to follow-up into account, men and participants in the age group 20-34 years were at the highest risk of sero-positivity. In the sensitivity analyses, differences in health-risk taking behaviour, number of personal contacts and leisure time activities partly explained these differences. CONCLUSION The number of citizens in Munich with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was still below 5% during the 2nd wave of the pandemic. Antibodies remained present in the majority of SARS-CoV-2 sero-positive baseline participants. Besides age and sex, potentially confounded by differences in behaviour, no major risk factors could be identified. Non-pharmaceutical public health measures are thus still important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Radon
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 89337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Abhishek Bakuli
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Pütz
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ronan Le Gleut
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Core Facility Statistical Consulting, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Laura Olbrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmar Saathoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Mercè Garí
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yannik Schälte
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Turid Frahnow
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Roman Wölfel
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Munich, Germany
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Pritsch
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Camilla Rothe
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Michel Pletschette
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Rubio-Acero
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Beyerl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Dafni Metaxa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Forster
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 89337, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Thiel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Noemi Castelletti
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich Rieß
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian N Diefenbach
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Fröschl
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Bruger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Winter
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan Frese
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Puchinger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Brand
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Inge Kroidl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit Mathematics and Life Sciences, University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane Fuchs
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Core Facility Statistical Consulting, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
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4
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Noreña I, Shah N, Ndenkeh J, Hernandez C, Sitoe N, Sillah A, Shin A, Han WW, Devaera Y, Mosoba M, Moonga G, Hendl T, Wernick A, Kiberu VM, Menke M, Guggenbuehl Noller JM, Pritsch M. Proceedings from the CIH LMU Symposium 2020 on "eHealth: Trends and innovations". BMC Proc 2020; 14:17. [PMID: 33292261 PMCID: PMC7720516 DOI: 10.1186/s12919-020-00202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic Health (eHealth) is the use of information and communication technologies for health and plays a significant role in improving public health. The rapid expansion and development of eHealth initiatives allow researchers and healthcare providers to connect more effectively with patients. The aim of the CIHLMU Symposium 2020 was to discuss the current challenges facing the field, opportunities in eHealth implementation, to share the experiences from different healthcare systems, and to discuss future trends addressing the use of digital platforms in health. The symposium on eHealth explored how the health and technology sector must increase efforts to reduce the obstacles facing public and private investment, the efficacy in preventing diseases and improving patient quality of life, and the ethical and legal frameworks that influence the proper development of the different platforms and initiatives related to the field. This symposium furthered the sharing of knowledge, networking, and patient/user and practitioner experiences in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) in both public and private sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Noreña
- CIHLMU Center for International Health, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Nairuti Shah
- CIHLMU Center for International Health, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jackson Ndenkeh
- CIHLMU Center for International Health, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cecilia Hernandez
- CIHLMU Center for International Health, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadia Sitoe
- CIHLMU Center for International Health, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Abdou Sillah
- CIHLMU Center for International Health, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Anna Shin
- CIHLMU Center for International Health, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wai Wai Han
- CIHLMU Center for International Health, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Naypyidaw, Myanmar
| | - Yoga Devaera
- CIHLMU Center for International Health, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maureen Mosoba
- CIHLMU Center for International Health, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Given Moonga
- CIHLMU Center for International Health, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Tereza Hendl
- Institute of Ethics, History, and Theory of Medicine LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Alina Wernick
- Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Michael Pritsch
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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