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Sbierski-Kind J, Schlickeiser S, Feldmann S, Ober V, Grüner E, Pleimelding C, Gilberg L, Brand I, Weigl N, Ahmed MIM, Ibarra G, Ruzicka M, Benesch C, Pernpruner A, Valdinoci E, Hoelscher M, Adorjan K, Stubbe HC, Pritsch M, Seybold U, Roider J. Persistent immune abnormalities discriminate post-COVID syndrome from convalescence. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-023-02164-y. [PMID: 38326527 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are key organizers of tissue immune responses and regulate tissue development, repair, and pathology. Persistent clinical sequelae beyond 12 weeks following acute COVID-19 disease, named post-COVID syndrome (PCS), are increasingly recognized in convalescent individuals. ILCs have been associated with the severity of COVID-19 symptoms but their role in the development of PCS remains poorly defined. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we used multiparametric immune phenotyping, finding expanded circulating ILC precursors (ILCPs) and concurrent decreased group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in PCS patients compared to well-matched convalescent control groups at > 3 months after infection or healthy controls. Patients with PCS showed elevated expression of chemokines and cytokines associated with trafficking of immune cells (CCL19/MIP-3b, FLT3-ligand), endothelial inflammation and repair (CXCL1, EGF, RANTES, IL-1RA, PDGF-AA). CONCLUSION These results define immunological parameters associated with PCS and might help find biomarkers and disease-relevant therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sbierski-Kind
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- The M3 Research Center, University Clinic Tübingen (UKT), Medical Faculty, Otfried-Müllerstr. 37, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schlickeiser
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Svenja Feldmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Veronica Ober
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Grüner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Claire Pleimelding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonard Gilberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Brand
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolas Weigl
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mohamed I M Ahmed
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerardo Ibarra
- The M3 Research Center, University Clinic Tübingen (UKT), Medical Faculty, Otfried-Müllerstr. 37, Tübingen, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Ruzicka
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Benesch
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Pernpruner
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Valdinoci
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Adorjan
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Stubbe
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Pritsch
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Seybold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Roider
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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2
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Puchinger K, Castelletti N, Rubio-Acero R, Geldmacher C, Eser TM, Deák F, Paunovic I, Bakuli A, Saathoff E, von Meyer A, Markgraf A, Falk P, Reich J, Riess F, Girl P, Müller K, Radon K, Guggenbuehl Noller JM, Wölfel R, Hoelscher M, Kroidl I, Wieser A, Olbrich L, Alamoudi E, Anderson J, Baumann M, Behlen M, Beyerl J, Böhnlein R, Brauer A, Britz V, Bruger J, Caroli F, Contento L, Diekmannshemke J, Do A, Dobler G, Eberle U, Eckstein J, Frese J, Forster F, Frahnow T, Fröschl G, Geisenberger O, Gillig K, Heiber A, Hinske C, Hoefflin J, Hofberger T, Höfinger M, Hofmann L, Horn S, Huber K, Janke C, Kappl U, Kiani C, Kroidl A, Laxy M, Leidl R, Lindner F, Mayrhofer R, Mekota AM, Müller H, Metaxa D, Pattard L, Pletschette M, Prückner S, Pusl K, Raimúndez E, Rothe C, Schäfer N, Schandelmaier P, Schneider L, Schultz S, Schunk M, Schwettmann L, Seibold H, Sothmann P, Stapor P, Theis F, Thiel V, Thiesbrummel S, Thur N, Waibel J, Wallrauch C, Winter S, Wolff J, Wullinger P, Yaqine H, Zange S, Zeggini E, Zimmermann T, Zielke A, Ibraheem M, Ahmed M, Becker M, Diepers P, Schälte Y, Garí M, Pütz P, Pritsch M, Fingerle V, Le Gleut R, Gilberg L, Brand I, Diefenbach M, Eser T, Weinauer F, Martin S, Quenzel EM, Durner J, Girl P, Müller K, Radon K, Fuchs C, Hasenauer J. The interplay of viral loads, clinical presentation, and serological responses in SARS-CoV-2 – Results from a prospective cohort of outpatient COVID-19 cases. Virology 2022; 569:37-43. [PMID: 35245784 PMCID: PMC8855229 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Risk factors for disease progression and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections require an understanding of acute and long-term virological and immunological dynamics. Fifty-one RT-PCR positive COVID-19 outpatients were recruited between May and December 2020 in Munich, Germany, and followed up at multiple defined timepoints for up to one year. RT-PCR and viral culture were performed and seroresponses measured. Participants were classified applying the WHO clinical progression scale. Short symptom to test time (median 5.0 days; p = 0.0016) and high viral loads (VL; median maximum VL: 3∙108 copies/mL; p = 0.0015) were indicative for viral culture positivity. Participants with WHO grade 3 at baseline had significantly higher VLs compared to those with WHO 1 and 2 (p = 0.01). VLs dropped fast within 1 week of symptom onset. Maximum VLs were positively correlated with the magnitude of Ro-N-Ig seroresponse (p = 0.022). Our results describe the dynamics of VLs and antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in mild to moderate cases that can support public health measures during the ongoing global pandemic.
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Olbrich L, Castelletti N, Schälte Y, Garí M, Pütz P, Bakuli A, Pritsch M, Kroidl I, Saathoff E, Guggenbuehl Noller JM, Fingerle V, Le Gleut R, Gilberg L, Brand I, Falk P, Markgraf A, Deák F, Riess F, Diefenbach M, Eser T, Weinauer F, Martin S, Quenzel EM, Becker M, Durner J, Girl P, Müller K, Radon K, Fuchs C, Wölfel R, Hasenauer J, Hoelscher M, Wieser A. Head-to-head evaluation of seven different seroassays including direct viral neutralisation in a representative cohort for SARS-CoV-2. J Gen Virol 2021; 102:001653. [PMID: 34623233 PMCID: PMC8604188 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of seroassays are available for SARS-CoV-2 testing; yet, head-to-head evaluations of different testing principles are limited, especially using raw values rather than categorical data. In addition, identifying correlates of protection is of utmost importance, and comparisons of available testing systems with functional assays, such as direct viral neutralisation, are needed.We analysed 6658 samples consisting of true-positives (n=193), true-negatives (n=1091), and specimens of unknown status (n=5374). For primary testing, we used Euroimmun-Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA-IgA/IgG and Roche-Elecsys-Anti-SARS-CoV-2. Subsequently virus-neutralisation, GeneScriptcPass, VIRAMED-SARS-CoV-2-ViraChip, and Mikrogen-recomLine-SARS-CoV-2-IgG were applied for confirmatory testing. Statistical modelling generated optimised assay cut-off thresholds. Sensitivity of Euroimmun-anti-S1-IgA was 64.8%, specificity 93.3% (manufacturer's cut-off); for Euroimmun-anti-S1-IgG, sensitivity was 77.2/79.8% (manufacturer's/optimised cut-offs), specificity 98.0/97.8%; Roche-anti-N sensitivity was 85.5/88.6%, specificity 99.8/99.7%. In true-positives, mean and median Euroimmun-anti-S1-IgA and -IgG titres decreased 30/90 days after RT-PCR-positivity, Roche-anti-N titres decreased significantly later. Virus-neutralisation was 80.6% sensitive, 100.0% specific (≥1:5 dilution). Neutralisation surrogate tests (GeneScriptcPass, Mikrogen-recomLine-RBD) were >94.9% sensitive and >98.1% specific. Optimised cut-offs improved test performances of several tests. Confirmatory testing with virus-neutralisation might be complemented with GeneScriptcPassTM or recomLine-RBD for certain applications. Head-to-head comparisons given here aim to contribute to the refinement of testing strategies for individual and public health use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Olbrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Noemi Castelletti
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yannik Schälte
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Mercè Garí
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Pütz
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Abhishek Bakuli
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Pritsch
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Inge Kroidl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Elmar Saathoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
| | | | - Volker Fingerle
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Germany
| | - Ronan Le Gleut
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Core Facility Statistical Consulting, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Leonard Gilberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Brand
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Philine Falk
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Alisa Markgraf
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Flora Deák
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich Riess
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Max Diefenbach
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Tabea Eser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Marc Becker
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Laboratory Becker and colleagues, Führichstr. 70, 81671 München, Germany
| | - Jürgen Durner
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Laboratory Becker and colleagues, Führichstr. 70, 81671 München, Germany
| | - Philipp Girl
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Müller
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Radon
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Fuchs
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Core Facility Statistical Consulting, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Roman Wölfel
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
| | - on behalf of the KoCo19-Study Group
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Germany
- Core Facility Statistical Consulting, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- BRK-Blutspendedienst, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Laboratory Becker and colleagues, Führichstr. 70, 81671 München, Germany
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 80337 Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
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4
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Radon K, Bakuli A, Pütz P, Le Gleut R, Guggenbuehl Noller JM, Olbrich L, Saathoff E, Garí M, Schälte Y, Frahnow T, Wölfel R, Pritsch M, Rothe C, Pletschette M, Rubio-Acero R, Beyerl J, Metaxa D, Forster F, Thiel V, Castelletti N, Rieß F, Diefenbach MN, Fröschl G, Bruger J, Winter S, Frese J, Puchinger K, Brand I, Kroidl I, Wieser A, Hoelscher M, Hasenauer J, Fuchs C. From first to second wave: follow-up of the prospective COVID-19 cohort (KoCo19) in Munich (Germany). BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:925. [PMID: 34493217 PMCID: PMC8423599 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the 2nd year of the COVID-19 pandemic, knowledge about the dynamics of the infection in the general population is still limited. Such information is essential for health planners, as many of those infected show no or only mild symptoms and thus, escape the surveillance system. We therefore aimed to describe the course of the pandemic in the Munich general population living in private households from April 2020 to January 2021. METHODS The KoCo19 baseline study took place from April to June 2020 including 5313 participants (age 14 years and above). From November 2020 to January 2021, we could again measure SARS-CoV-2 antibody status in 4433 of the baseline participants (response 83%). Participants were offered a self-sampling kit to take a capillary blood sample (dry blood spot; DBS). Blood was analysed using the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay (Roche). Questionnaire information on socio-demographics and potential risk factors assessed at baseline was available for all participants. In addition, follow-up information on health-risk taking behaviour and number of personal contacts outside the household (N = 2768) as well as leisure time activities (N = 1263) were collected in summer 2020. RESULTS Weighted and adjusted (for specificity and sensitivity) SARS-CoV-2 sero-prevalence at follow-up was 3.6% (95% CI 2.9-4.3%) as compared to 1.8% (95% CI 1.3-3.4%) at baseline. 91% of those tested positive at baseline were also antibody-positive at follow-up. While sero-prevalence increased from early November 2020 to January 2021, no indication of geospatial clustering across the city of Munich was found, although cases clustered within households. Taking baseline result and time to follow-up into account, men and participants in the age group 20-34 years were at the highest risk of sero-positivity. In the sensitivity analyses, differences in health-risk taking behaviour, number of personal contacts and leisure time activities partly explained these differences. CONCLUSION The number of citizens in Munich with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was still below 5% during the 2nd wave of the pandemic. Antibodies remained present in the majority of SARS-CoV-2 sero-positive baseline participants. Besides age and sex, potentially confounded by differences in behaviour, no major risk factors could be identified. Non-pharmaceutical public health measures are thus still important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Radon
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 89337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Abhishek Bakuli
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Pütz
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ronan Le Gleut
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Core Facility Statistical Consulting, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Laura Olbrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmar Saathoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Mercè Garí
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yannik Schälte
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Turid Frahnow
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Roman Wölfel
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Munich, Germany
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Pritsch
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Camilla Rothe
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Michel Pletschette
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Rubio-Acero
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Beyerl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Dafni Metaxa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Forster
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 89337, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Thiel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Noemi Castelletti
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich Rieß
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian N Diefenbach
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Fröschl
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Bruger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Winter
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan Frese
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Puchinger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Brand
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Inge Kroidl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit Mathematics and Life Sciences, University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane Fuchs
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Core Facility Statistical Consulting, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
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Brand I, Gilberg L, Bruger J, Garí M, Wieser A, Eser TM, Frese J, Ahmed MIM, Rubio-Acero R, Guggenbuehl Noller JM, Castelletti N, Diekmannshemke J, Thiesbrummel S, Huynh D, Winter S, Kroidl I, Fuchs C, Hoelscher M, Roider J, Kobold S, Pritsch M, Geldmacher C. Broad T Cell Targeting of Structural Proteins After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: High Throughput Assessment of T Cell Reactivity Using an Automated Interferon Gamma Release Assay. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688436. [PMID: 34093595 PMCID: PMC8173205 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adaptive immune responses to structural proteins of the virion play a crucial role in protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We therefore studied T cell responses against multiple SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in a large cohort using a simple, fast, and high-throughput approach. Methods An automated interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) for the Nucleocapsid (NC)-, Membrane (M)-, Spike-C-terminus (SCT)-, and N-terminus-protein (SNT)-specific T cell responses was performed using fresh whole blood from study subjects with convalescent, confirmed COVID-19 (n = 177, more than 200 days post infection), exposed household members (n = 145), and unexposed controls (n = 85). SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were assessed using Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Ro-N-Ig) and Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA (IgG) (EI-S1-IgG). Results 156 of 177 (88%) previously PCR confirmed cases were still positive by Ro-N-Ig more than 200 days after infection. In T cells, most frequently the M-protein was targeted by 88% seropositive, PCR confirmed cases, followed by SCT (85%), NC (82%), and SNT (73%), whereas each of these antigens was recognized by less than 14% of non-exposed control subjects. Broad targeting of these structural virion proteins was characteristic of convalescent SARS-CoV-2 infection; 68% of all seropositive individuals targeted all four tested antigens. Indeed, anti-NC antibody titer correlated loosely, but significantly with the magnitude and breadth of the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response. Age, sex, and body mass index were comparable between the different groups. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity correlates with broad T cell reactivity of the structural virus proteins at 200 days after infection and beyond. The SARS-CoV-2-IGRA can facilitate large scale determination of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses with high accuracy against multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Brand
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonard Gilberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Bruger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mercè Garí
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tabea M. Eser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan Frese
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mohamed I. M. Ahmed
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Rubio-Acero
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica M. Guggenbuehl Noller
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Noemi Castelletti
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jana Diekmannshemke
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sophie Thiesbrummel
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Duc Huynh
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Winter
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Inge Kroidl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Fuchs
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Roider
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Unit for Clinical Pharmacology (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Pritsch
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Geldmacher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
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Pritsch M, Radon K, Bakuli A, Le Gleut R, Olbrich L, Guggenbüehl Noller JM, Saathoff E, Castelletti N, Garí M, Pütz P, Schälte Y, Frahnow T, Wölfel R, Rothe C, Pletschette M, Metaxa D, Forster F, Thiel V, Rieß F, Diefenbach MN, Fröschl G, Bruger J, Winter S, Frese J, Puchinger K, Brand I, Kroidl I, Hasenauer J, Fuchs C, Wieser A, Hoelscher M. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Infection in the Representative COVID-19 Cohort Munich. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18073572. [PMID: 33808249 PMCID: PMC8038115 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Given the large number of mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 cases, only population-based studies can provide reliable estimates of the magnitude of the pandemic. We therefore aimed to assess the sero-prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the Munich general population after the first wave of the pandemic. For this purpose, we drew a representative sample of 2994 private households and invited household members 14 years and older to complete questionnaires and to provide blood samples. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was defined as Roche N pan-Ig ≥ 0.4218. We adjusted the prevalence for the sampling design, sensitivity, and specificity. We investigated risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and geospatial transmission patterns by generalized linear mixed models and permutation tests. Seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies was 1.82% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-2.37%) as compared to 0.46% PCR-positive cases officially registered in Munich. Loss of the sense of smell or taste was associated with seropositivity (odds ratio (OR) 47.4; 95% CI 7.2-307.0) and infections clustered within households. By this first population-based study on SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in a large German municipality not affected by a superspreading event, we could show that at least one in four cases in private households was reported and known to the health authorities. These results will help authorities to estimate the true burden of disease in the population and to take evidence-based decisions on public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pritsch
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany;
| | - Katja Radon
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (K.R.); (F.F.)
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 89337 Munich, Germany
| | - Abhishek Bakuli
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Ronan Le Gleut
- Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (R.L.G.); (M.G.); (P.P.); (Y.S.); (T.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
- Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Core Facility Statistical Consulting, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laura Olbrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany;
| | - Jessica Michelle Guggenbüehl Noller
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Elmar Saathoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany;
| | - Noemi Castelletti
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Mercè Garí
- Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (R.L.G.); (M.G.); (P.P.); (Y.S.); (T.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Peter Pütz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (R.L.G.); (M.G.); (P.P.); (Y.S.); (T.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Yannik Schälte
- Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (R.L.G.); (M.G.); (P.P.); (Y.S.); (T.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Turid Frahnow
- Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (R.L.G.); (M.G.); (P.P.); (Y.S.); (T.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Roman Wölfel
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany;
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Camilla Rothe
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Michel Pletschette
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Dafni Metaxa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Felix Forster
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (K.R.); (F.F.)
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 89337 Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Thiel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Friedrich Rieß
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany;
| | - Maximilian Nikolaus Diefenbach
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Günter Fröschl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Bruger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Simon Winter
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Jonathan Frese
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Kerstin Puchinger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Isabel Brand
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Inge Kroidl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany;
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (R.L.G.); (M.G.); (P.P.); (Y.S.); (T.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit Mathematics and Life Sciences, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane Fuchs
- Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (R.L.G.); (M.G.); (P.P.); (Y.S.); (T.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
- Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Core Facility Statistical Consulting, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany;
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; (M.P.); (A.B.); (L.O.); (J.M.G.N.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.); (D.M.); (V.T.); (F.R.); (M.N.D.); (G.F.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (I.B.); (I.K.); (A.W.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany;
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-44005-9801
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Brand D, Pandey A, Rodriguez-Leon JA, Roussos S, Brand I, Soccol CR. Packed bed column fermenter and kinetic modeling for upgrading the nutritional quality of coffee husk in solid-state fermentation. Biotechnol Prog 2001; 17:1065-70. [PMID: 11735442 DOI: 10.1021/bp010112+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies were carried out to evaluate solid-state fermentation (SSF) for the upgradation of the nutritional quality of coffee husk by degrading the caffeine and tannins present in it. SSF was carried out by Aspergillus niger LPBx in a glass column fermenter using factorial design experiments and surface response methodology to optimize bioprocess parameters such as the substrate pH and moisture content and aeration rate. The first factorial design showed that the moisture content of the substrate and aeration rate were significant factors for the degradation of toxic compounds, which was confirmed by the second factorial design too. The kinetic study showed that the degradation of toxic compounds was related to the development of the mold and its respiration and also to the consumption of the reducing sugars present in coffee husk. From the values obtained experimentally for the oxygen uptake rate and CO(2) evolved, the system determined a biomass yield (Y(x/o)) of 3.811 (g of biomass).(g of consumed O(2))(-1) and a maintenance coefficient (m) of 0.0031 (g of consumed O(2)).(g biomass of biomass)(-1).h(-1). The best results on the degradation of caffeine (90%) and tannins (57%) were achieved when SSF was carried out with a 30 mL.min(-1) aeration rate using coffee husk having a 55% initial moisture content. The inoculation rate did not affect the metabolization of the toxic compounds by the fungal culture. After SSF, the protein content of the husk was increased to 10.6%, which was more than double that of the unfermented husk (5.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Brand
- Laboratorio de Processos Biotecnologicos, Departamento Engenharia Quimica, Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR), 81531-970 Curitiba-PR, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- I Brand
- The Northern Hospital, Melbourne, Vic
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Luyten GP, van der Spek CW, Brand I, Sintnicolaas K, de Waard-Siebinga I, Jager MJ, de Jong PT, Schrier PI, Luider TM. Expression of MAGE, gp100 and tyrosinase genes in uveal melanoma cell lines. Melanoma Res 1998; 8:11-6. [PMID: 9508371 DOI: 10.1097/00008390-199802000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine the possible use of uveal melanoma cell lines as stimulators in immunotherapy, we evaluated the expression of the human genes for MAGE-1, -2 and -3, gp100 and tyrosinase in uveal melanoma cell lines. mRNA expression of the MAGE-1, -2 and -3, gp100 and tyrosinase genes and the HLA class I specificity were determined in five primary and three metastatic uveal melanoma cell lines. Expression of the examined genes was heterogeneous in the primary and metastatic cell lines. The cell lines OCM-1 and OMM-1 expressed MAGE-1, -2 and -3, whereas EOM-3, MEL202, 92-1 and OMM-3 were negative for these antigens. gp100 was expressed in all cell lines, and tyrosinase in all but three (EOM-29, OMM-2 and OMM-3). Except for EOM-3, the HLA-A type of all the cell lines could be determined by complement-dependent microlymphocytotoxicity assay. Since at least two melanoma-associated antigens can be found in uveal melanoma cell lines, as well as the HLA class I molecules, these cell lines may be applicable as immunogens for specific immunotherapy against metastatic uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Luyten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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10
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Simons M, van der Bij AJ, Brand I, de Weger LA, Wijffelman CA, Lugtenberg BJ. Gnotobiotic system for studying rhizosphere colonization by plant growth-promoting Pseudomonas bacteria. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 1996; 9:600-7. [PMID: 8810075 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-9-0600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A gnotobiotic system for studying tomato rhizosphere colonization by Pseudomonas bacteria was developed. The system is based on sterile seedlings that are inoculated with one or two strains and subsequently grown in a sterile glass tube containing quartz sand. After 7 days of growth in a climate-controlled growth chamber, the number of bacteria present on the root tip was analyzed. The system was optimized with respect to root morphology, inoculation of the seedling, and isolation of root tip bacteria. With this system, rhizosphere colonization on tomato, radish, wheat, and potato was analyzed. For detailed analysis of tomato rhizosphere colonization by some representative plant growth-promoting rhizo-bacteria, the colonization of known poor, moderate, and good potato root-colonizing Pseudomonas strains and of four Rhizobium strains was determined. All strains colonized the root tips when inoculated as single strains. When inoculated in competition with the efficient root colonizer P. fluorescens strain WCS365, many strains were outcompeted. Mutants of Pseudomonas biocontrol bacteria lacking flagella or the O-antigen of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which were isolated in previous studies and shown to be impaired in potato rhizosphere colonization in field soil systems, showed a reduced colonization ability in the gnotobiotic system also. The gnotobiotic system was used to screen a collection of 300 random P. fluorescens WCS365::Tn5 mutants for colonization-impaired mutants. Three novel mutants were found that were outcompeted by the wild-type strain in tomato root tip colonization but were not impaired in known colonization traits such as motility, amino acid auxotrophy, and presence of the O-antigenic side chain of LPS. One strain appeared to be a thiamine auxotroph, suggesting that the root does not secrete a sufficient amount of thiamine to support growth of this strain. The other two mutants had a reduced growth rate in laboratory media, suggesting that growth rate is an important colonization factor. As the system is gnotobiotic and devoid of field-soil variables, it can also be used to study the effects of selected biotic and abiotic factors on colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Simons
- Leiden University, Clusius Laboratory, The Netherlands
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11
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Brand I. Problems of hospital management in China. AUST HEALTH REV 1991; 15:101-5. [PMID: 10117448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Brand
- Preston and Northcote Community Hospital, Victoria
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Brand I, Juntian L. The Beijing Health Administrative Staff Training Centre. AUST HEALTH REV 1991; 15:105-6. [PMID: 10117449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Brand
- Preston and Northcote Community Hospital
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13
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Brand I, Juntian L. Beijing Institute of Hospital Management. AUST HEALTH REV 1989; 13:326-8. [PMID: 10117328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Brand
- Preston and Northcote Community Hospital, Victoria
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Brand I. Interview with Dr. Ian Brand, A.O., Executive Director, Preston Community Hospital, Northcote, Melbourne. Interview by Jonathan Tribe. AUST HEALTH REV 1983; 7:228-40. [PMID: 10270916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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15
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Brand I. The hospital as the centre of the health system. AUST HEALTH REV 1980; 3:62-5. [PMID: 10251244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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16
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Abstract
Of the 98 foreign-body or scar-related cancers reported in the literature, over 25 percent have developed within 15 years, and over 50 percent within 25 years. Substantial numbers of various implants have now been in place for 10 to 20 years. Since at least 25 percent of cancer cases should already have occurred, the low number actually observed permits the prediction that the incidence of cancers at implantation sites will remain low. This conclusion is supported by studies on 27 specimens of chronic foreign-body reactions against a variety of implants that had been in situ for 1 to 19 years. Employing a cell-culture technique previously developed for experimental mice, an attempt was made to identify specific precancer cells in the tissues. None were detected, in contrast to foreign-body reactions of mice, in which the incidence of foreign-body tumors is high.
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Brand G, Brand I. [Investigations and review of literature relating to carcinogenesis. II. Communication: Cancer from foreign bodies (author's transl)]. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg B 1980; 171:359-87. [PMID: 7006268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Johnson KH, Ghobrial HK, Buoen LC, Brand I, Brand KG. Ultrastructure of cell types cultured during preneoplasia from implant surfaces and foreign-body-reactive tissues in mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 1980; 64:1383-92. [PMID: 6990074 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/64.6.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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19
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Brand G, Brand I. [Investigations and review of literature relating to carcinogenesis. I. Communication: Cancer from asbestos, schistosomiasis, and cicatrization (author's transl)]. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg B 1980; 171:1-17. [PMID: 7001808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the following aspects: Cancer associated with asbestos and other fibers: Epidemiology. - Cancer types and location (mesothelioma; bronchogenic carcinoma; cancer of the upper respiratory tract; abdominal cancer). - Experimental asbestos cancer. - Other kinds of fibers and cancer (wool and cotton; glass; talc; others). - Cancer determining or influencing factors (individual predisposition; species susceptibility; type of material; shape and size of fibers; smoking). - Preneoplastic signs in man (fibrosis; ferruginous bodies; pleural plaques; milky spots). - Preneoplastic development in animals. - Fiber effects on cell cultures (macrophages; fibroblasts). Cancer associated with schistosomiasis: Epidemiology. - Patient age and cancer latency. - Pathology. - Foreign body reaction and preneoplastic development. Scar cancer. Foreign body cancer: In man. - Experimental (species differences in susceptibility; individual genetic differences in tumor incidence and latency; influence of sex, age, nutrition; tumor histopathology and ultrastructure; tumor growth, invasiveness, metastases, transplantability, immunology; search for tumor viruses). - Properties of foreign body materials in relation to tumorigenicity (chemical and physical properties; size and shape; surface properties; porosity). - Investigations and findings concerning the origin of foreign body sarcomas (the foreign body reaction; search for foci of tumor origin; an analytical method; monoclonal tumor origin; heterogenicity of carcinogenic events; surface dependency; identification of originator cells; time and location of the emergence of tumor originator cells; the carcinogenic initiation event; surface-independent and dependent preneoplastic maturation; the carcinogenic role of the foreign body). - Earlier hypotheses and theories in the light of new experimental findings. The results of experimental foreign body tumorigenesis in relation to foreign body-, asbestos-, schistosomiasis-, and scar-cancer in man. (Common factors of promotion; differences regarding induction mechanisms, cells of origin, latencies, frequencies; immune defense). Consequences for prevention: Asbestos cancer. - Fiber cancer. - Schistosomiasis cancer. - Foreign body cancer (assessing the peril in man; testing of materials for carcinogenicity; recommendations).
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Thomassen MJ, Buoen LC, Brand I, Brand KG. Foreign-body tumorigenesis in mice: DNA synthesis in surface-attached cells during preneoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst 1978; 61:359-63. [PMID: 277723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(CBA/H X CBA/H-T6)F1 mice were given sc implants of unplasticized vinyl chloride acetate 15 X 22-mm copolymer films. The animals were pulsed with [3H]thymidine at various times during the 15 months following implantation. DNA synthesis occurred in the film-attached cell population, predominantly macrophages, throughout the preneoplastic phase in both females and males. Giant cells with fewer than 10 nuclei were labeled synchronously and asynchronously. No DNA synthesis was detected in giant cells with more than 10 nuclei. Previous studies have shown that phagocytic inactivity and ultrastructural signs of functional dormancy are characteristic for the foreign-body-reactive macrophage. However, this investigation demonstrated that the macrophage was not dormant with respect to DNA synthesis.
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Brinton-Darnell M, Brand I. Delayed foreign-body tumorigenesis in mice infected with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus: Brief communication. J Natl Cancer Inst 1977; 59:1027-9. [PMID: 330868 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/59.3.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Female and male CBA/H mice were infected with lactate dehydrogenase virus (LDV). Two weeks later, these mice and noninfected controls received double sc implants of unplasticized vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer films (0.2 X 15 X 22 mm). Foreign-body (FB) tumorigenesis was delayed in LDV-infected females and males by 2 months. This result could not be explained by an effect of LDV on cellular immunity, inasmuch as cellular immunity does not influence the course of FB tumorigenesis.
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Johnson KH, Buoen LC, Brand I, Brand KG. Light-microscopic morphology of cell types cultured during preneoplasia from foreign body-reactive tissues and films. Cancer Res 1977; 37:3228-37. [PMID: 328142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Sarcomas were induced by sc implantation of unplasticized polyvinylchloride acetate films in female and male mice of strains AKR/J, BALB/cJ, BALB/cWat, CBA/H and CBA/H-T6, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/10ScSn, C57BL/6J-bgj, C57BL/cdJ, DBA/-1J l/LnJ, LP/J, SJL/J, X/Gf, 129/J, and hybrids (CBA/H-T6 X AKR/J)F1, (C57BL/10ScSn x CBA/H or CBA/H-T6)F1, (C57BL/6J-bgj x C57BL/6J)F1. The strains and sexes showed marked differences in incidence and mean latency of resulting tumors. Crucial information was provided for the selection of appropriate mouse strains for the study of interrelationships between genotypes, defined somatic properties, and the multifactorial process of foreign-body tumorigenesis.
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Brand KG, Buoen LC, Brand I. Multiphasic incidence of foreign body-induced sarcomas. Cancer Res 1976; 36:3681-3. [PMID: 953992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Single or multiple plastic films (unplasticized vinyl chloride vinyl acetate copolymer) of different sizes and shapes were implanted s.c. in female CBA/H and CBA/H-T6 mice. Tumor incidence increased and accelerated with increased total surface area of multiple implants or with increased size of single implants. Tumor distribution curves over time were generally multiphasic. The profiles changed in proportionate relation to implant size. These findings indicate class differences between tumors according to latency. Since latency is known to be a predetermining characteristic of foreign body-induced tumors, class differences seem to exist at the originator cell level, reflecting diversity of intrinsic carcinogenic factors.
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Buoen LC, Brand I, Brand KG. Foreign-body tumorigenesis: in vitro isolation and expansion of preneoplastic clonal cell populations. J Natl Cancer Inst 1975; 55:721-3. [PMID: 1099220 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/55.3.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Foreign-body reactions were induced in coisogenic CBA/H and CBA/H-T6 mice by sc implantation of 15 times 22 times 0.2-mm unplasticized vinyl chloride vinyl acetate copolymer films. At 6 months' post implantation, implants and unopened tissue capsules were transferred to recipient animals of the T6-different partner strain. After another 3 months, part of the film/capsule complex was transferred to (C57BL/10ScSn times CBA/H-T6)F1 mice for tumor development. Capsule-derived and film-attached cells of the other part were separately cultured. Cultures consisting initially of euploid cells were often gradually replaced by different cells with specific aneuploid karyotypes which were identical with, or closely related to, those of the corresponding tumors. The cultured cells implanted in hybrid recipients at different passage numbers frequently gave rise to homologous tumors. Hence, it was possible to prepare in vitro cells with prefixed specific tumor determinants at different stages of preneoplastic maturation.
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Brand KG, Buoen LC, Brand I. Foreign-body tumorigenesis induced by glass and smooth and rough plastic. Comparative study of preneoplastic events. J Natl Cancer Inst 1975; 55:319-22. [PMID: 1159820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Foreign-body (FB) tumorigenesis was induced in female CBH/H and CBA/H-T6 mice and their hybrids by sc implantation of about 0.2-mm thick, large (660-720 mm2) or small (210-400 mm2) pieces of glass, smooth-surfaced plastic, or roughened plastic (rigid unplasticized vinyl chloride vinyl acetate copolymer). The tumorigenic process was analyzed in the various implantation groups by the evaluation of tumor incidences and latencies, and by the determination of 1) frequency of originator ("parent") cells, 2) appearance of preneoplastic cells in FB-reactive capsule tissue, 3) expansion of preneoplastic cell clones throughout the tissue capsule, and 4) pace of cellular preneoplastic maturation in terms of time remaining until neoplastic autonomy. Established methods included transfer of preneoplastic FB-reactive tissue capsules to recipient animals (hybrids of CBA/H and CBA/Br or C57BL/10ScSn). Specific preneoplastic events or stages of FB tumorigenesis were affected differently, depending on the size, material, and surface properties of implants.
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Brand KG, Buoen LC, Brand I. Foreign-body tumorigenesis by vinyl chloride vinyl acetate copolymer: no evidence for chemical cocarcinogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst 1975; 54:1259-62. [PMID: 1127739 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/54.5.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether vinyl chloride monomers, released from implants of vinyl chloride vinyl acetate copolymer (VCA), exerted cocarcinogenic activity and added thereby to the mechanism of foreign-body (FB) tumorigenesis. CBA/H and CBA/H-T6 mice were used. No evidence was found to indicate that chemical carcinogenic activity partakes in tumorigenesis by VCA implants. Hence it was concluded that VCA plastic is not suitable for the study of the combined process of FB/chemical cocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, experimental results obtained with VCA film implants were representative of FB tumorigenesis in the absence of demonstrable chemical carcinogenic activity.
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Brand KG, Buoen LC, Johnson KH, Brand I. Etiological factors, stages, and the role of the foreign body in foreign body tumorigenesis: a review. Cancer Res 1975; 35:279-86. [PMID: 1089044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Attempts were made to analyze the process of foreign body (FB) tumorigenesis and to identify etiologically significant factors by correlating information in the literature and recent experimental data from our labroatory. It appears that the process of FB tumorigenesis is dependent on sequence of specific conditions as expressed by the following criteria: (a) cellular proliferation and tissue infiltration during acute FB reaction; (b) fibrosis of the tissue capsule surrounding the FB; (c) quiescence of the tissue reaction, i. e., dormancy and phagocytic inactivity of FB-attached macrophages; and (d) availability of a FB surface for direct contact with clonal preneoplastic cells. There is no indication that the initial acquisition of neoplastic potential and the determination of specific tumor characteristics are based on direct physical or chemical reaction between cells and the FB. These etiological key events occur presumably in mesenchymal stem cells associated with the microvasculature no later than during the acute stage of FB reaction and certainly long before clonal descendants of these cells are first found in contact with the FB surface. In fact, there is no reason to assume that cells with neoplastic determination may be present in normal tissue prior to the introduction of a FB and that the FB would only create the conditions required for stepwise preneoplastic maturation.
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Johnson KH, Ghobrial HK, Buoen LC, Brand I, Brand KG. Nonfibroblastic origin of foreign body sarcomas implicated by histological and electron microscopic studies. Cancer Res 1973; 33:3139-54. [PMID: 4357350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Brand G, Brand I. [Carcinogenic characteristics of foreign body implants]. Fortschr Med 1973; 91:1181-4. [PMID: 4584637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Karp RD, Johnson KH, Buoen LC, Ghobrial HK, Brand I, Brand KG. Tumorigenesis by Millipore filters in mice: histology and ultrastructure of tissue reactions as related to pore size. J Natl Cancer Inst 1973; 51:1275-85. [PMID: 4583375 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/51.4.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Brand I, Winkler M. [Serum tests on patients with scintillatio nivea (author's transl)]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 1973; 163:497-501. [PMID: 4776074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Brand KG, Buoen LC, Brand I. Brief communication: foreign-body tumorigenesis in mice: most probable number of originator cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 1973; 51:1071-4. [PMID: 4743555 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/51.3.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Johnson KH, Ghobrial HK, Buoen LC, Brand I, Brand KG. Intracisternal type A particles occurring in foreign body-induced sarcomas. Cancer Res 1973; 33:1165-8. [PMID: 4718668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Johnson KH, Ghobrial HK, Buoen LC, Brand I, Brand KG. Foreign-body tumorigenesis in mice: ultrastructure of the preneoplastic tissue reactions. J Natl Cancer Inst 1972; 49:1311-9. [PMID: 4568088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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37
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Brand I, Söling HD. [Kinetic properties of phosphofructokinase from rat liver and their regulatory significance for glycolysis and gluconeogenesis]. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem 1972; 353:1505. [PMID: 4265370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Brand KG, Buoen LC, Brand I. Antigen-deficient cell variants in preneoplastic foreign body reaction of mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 1972; 49:459-65. [PMID: 5076827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Brand KG, Buoen LC, Brand I. Foreign body tumorigenesis: timing and location of preneoplastic events. J Natl Cancer Inst 1971; 47:829-36. [PMID: 5097153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Brand I. [Fascular etiology of gerontoxon infiltration]. Orv Hetil 1971; 112:191-2. [PMID: 5548909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Johnson KH, Buoen LC, Brand I, Brand KG. Polymer tumorigenesis: clonal determination of histopathological characteristics during early preneoplasia; relationships to karyotype, mouse strain, and sex. J Natl Cancer Inst 1970; 44:785-93. [PMID: 11515045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
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Flohé L, Brand I. Some hints to avoid pitfalls in quantitative determination of glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9). Z Klin Chem Klin Biochem 1970; 8:156-61. [PMID: 4393026 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1970.8.2.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Brand I. [Vascular etiology of gerontoxon infiltrates]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 1970; 156:222-7. [PMID: 5445492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Brand KG, Chiu SY, Silberman-Ziv G, Buoen LC, Brand I. Antigenic analysis of human cells and tissues: immunodiffusion studies on liver tissue, white blood cells and subcellular fractions. J Immunol 1967; 99:1042-7. [PMID: 4965138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Brand KG, Chiu SY, Silberman-Ziv G, Buoen LC, Brand I. Antigenic Analysis of Human Cells and Tissues: Immunodiffusion Studies on Liver Tissue, White Blood Cells and Subcellular Fractions. The Journal of Immunology 1967. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.99.5.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Summary
Antisera were prepared in guinea pigs and other animal species against established human cell strains, human liver tissue and white blood cells. By means of agar-immunodiffusion numerous cellular antigens were discovered and defined. The cellular origin of the antigens was confirmed by excluding human plasma as the source. The distribution of these antigenic components in cell strains, liver tissue, white blood cells, subcellular fractions and on the erythrocyte membrane was studied. Liver tissue contained 19 of 20 antigenic components which had been described previously as a result of antigenic analyses on eight established human cell strains. Seven out of 17 antigenic components present in liver tissue were not demonstrable in three different specimens of human white blood cells. Therefore, the value of leukocytes as direct indicator of tissue antigenicity is questioned. Some of the antigenic components studied by immunodiffusion occur not only in soluble, diffusible form but were also detected on the human erythrocyte membrane as structural constituents. Specific associations between defined antigenic components and subcellular fractions have been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. G. Brand
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School From the , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - S. Y. Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School From the , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - G. Silberman-Ziv
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School From the , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - L. C. Buoen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School From the , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - I. Brand
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School From the , Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Brand KG, Buoen LC, Brand I. Carcinogenesis from polymer implants: new aspects from chromosomal and transplantation studies during premalignancy. J Natl Cancer Inst 1967; 39:663-679. [PMID: 18623928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inbred CBA/H and CBA/H-T6 mice received implants of 15 X 22 mm plastic films. Plastic inserts and tissue capsules were cut in thirds at half monthly and monthly intervals. The first portion of the inserts and capsules was left in the original animal. The second portion was separated and individually transplanted into recipients that differed from the original animals with respect to the T6 marker chromosome. The third portion and all tumors which developed in original and recipient animals were examined by karyological, histological, and cultural methods. Film pieces caused tumors in recipient animals up to 9 months after transfer, capsule tissue only up to about 1 month after transfer. Tumors in original and corresponding recipient animals were identical in their chromosomal stemlines and pace of premalignant maturation. The karyotype of the stemline was never discovered among the film-attached cell population because there seemed to be no cell division. This points to the existence of a single, specific premalignant cell clone residing on the film surface in a dormant state of nondivision many months before tumor appearance. At the end, the (pre)malignant cells detached from the film, invaded the capsule tissue, and propagated to produce the tumor within about 4 weeks. The existence of a specific inhibition phenomenon during the premalignant phase is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Brand
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Brand KG, Buoen LC, Brand I. Malignant transformation and maturation in non-dividing cells during polymer tumorigenesis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1967; 124:675-8. [PMID: 6020064 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-124-31822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Buoen LC, Brand I, Brand KG. Cytotoxicity and cell cycle studies with a combined tetrazolium-Fegulgen reaction. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1966; 122:906-10. [PMID: 5918972 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-122-31286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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