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Martinez-Perez AG, Garza-Morales R, de Loera-Arias MJ, Villa-Cedillo SA, Garcia-Garcia A, Rodriguez-Rocha H, Flores-Maldonado OE, Valdes J, Perez-Trujillo JJ, Saucedo-Cardenas O. Correction: Long-term antigen-specific immune response by an oncolytic adenovirus encoding SP-SA-E7-4-1BBL in HPV-16 cancer model. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:565. [PMID: 38649646 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra G Martinez-Perez
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, 64460, NL, Mexico
| | | | - Maria J de Loera-Arias
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, 64460, NL, Mexico
| | - Sheila A Villa-Cedillo
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, 64460, NL, Mexico
| | - Aracely Garcia-Garcia
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, 64460, NL, Mexico
| | - Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, 64460, NL, Mexico
| | - Orlando E Flores-Maldonado
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, 64460, NL, Mexico
| | - Jesus Valdes
- Department of Biochemistry, CINVESTAV-Mexico, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose J Perez-Trujillo
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, 64460, NL, Mexico.
| | - Odila Saucedo-Cardenas
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, 64460, NL, Mexico.
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Martinez-Perez AG, Garza-Morales R, Loera-Arias MDJ, Villa-Cedillo SA, Garcia-Garcia A, Rodriguez-Rocha H, Flores-Maldonado OE, Valdes J, Perez-Trujillo JJ, Saucedo-Cardenas O. Long-term antigen-specific immune response by an oncolytic adenovirus encoding SP-SA-E7-4-1BBL in HPV-16 cancer model. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:408. [PMID: 38460043 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To describe an oncolytic adenovirus (OAd) encoding SP-SA-E7-4-1BBL that is capable of inducing tumor regression in therapeutic assays. Herein, we tested whether the antitumor effect is given by the induction of a tumor-specific immune response, as well as the minimum dose needed to elicit antitumor protection and monitor the OAd biodistribution over time. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice (n = 5) per group were immunized twice with OAds encoding SP-SA-E7-4-1BBL, SA-E7-4-1BBL, or SP-SA-4-1BBL and challenged with TC-1 cancer cells. The DNA construct SP-SA-E7-4-1BBL was employed as a control via biolistic or PBS injection. Groups without tumor development at 47 days were rechallenged with TC-1 cells, and follow-up lasted until day 90. The minimum dose of OAd to induce the antitumor effect was established by immunization using serial dilution doses. The cytometry bead assay and the ELISpot assay were used to evaluate cytokine release in response to ex vivo antigenic stimulation. The distribution profile of the OAd vaccine was evaluated in the different organs by histological, immunohistochemical and qPCR analyses. The OAd SP-SA-E7-4-1BBL-immunized mice did not develop tumors even in a rechallenge. A protective antitumor effect was observed from a dose that is one hundredth of most reports of adenoviral vaccines. Immunization with OAd increases Interferon-gamma-producing cells in response to antigen stimulation. OAd was detected in tumors over time, with significant morphological changes, contrary to nontumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS The OAd SP-SA-E7-4-1BBL vaccine confers a prophylactic, safe, long-lasting, and antigen-dependent antitumor effect mediated by a Th1 antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra G Martinez-Perez
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | | | - Maria de J Loera-Arias
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Sheila A Villa-Cedillo
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Aracely Garcia-Garcia
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Orlando E Flores-Maldonado
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Jesus Valdes
- Department of Biochemistry, CINVESTAV-Mexico, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose J Perez-Trujillo
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460, Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Odila Saucedo-Cardenas
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460, Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
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Valdes J, Armas A, Gagné Sansfaçon J, Reyes-Nicolas V, Rivard N, Marrero G, Perreault N, Menendez A. A259 HIGH-FAT/HIGH-CHOLESTEROL DIETS PREDISPOSE THE HOST TO EXACERBATED ENTERIC INFECTIONS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
High-fat/high-cholesterol diets are a well established risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, given their propensity to trigger perturbations ranging from altering whole body lipid profile to the induction of intestinal dysbiosis. However much less is known about their effects on the host’s susceptibility to enteric infections.
Aims
To determine the effects of high-fat/high-cholesterol diets over the host’s susceptibility to enteric bacterial infections and identify the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Methods
C57BL/6 mice were given two different high-fat/high-cholesterol diets; HFHC (40% kcal fat, 1.25% cholesterol) or HFHCC (40% kcal fat, 1.25% cholesterol, 0.5% sodium cholate) and a control, normal diet (ND, 10% kcal fat, 0% cholesterol, 0% sodium cholate). After four weeks of administration, animals were euthanized and colonic tissue samples taken for histology, immunofluorescence, gene expression analyses, total protein lysates and microbiome sequencing (16S). A separated group of animals was gavaged with FITC-dextran to measure intestinal permeability. Mice fed with the diets for three weeks were infected with ~5x108 cfu of Citrobacter rodentium DBS100/StrpR by oral gavage, and kept on the corresponding diets after the infections. Bacterial shedding in the feces was followed for up to 30 days after infection.
Results
Administration of the HFHC and HFHCC diets caused an increase in intestinal permeability. Colonic sections stained with H&E and alcian blue evidenced a decreased in the number of mucin-filled goblet cells and a thinner mucus layer, suggesting a defect in the assembly and/or stability of the mucus layer. Expression analyses revealed a drop in the mRNA levels of Muc1 and Muc2, suggesting reduced mucin production. The concentration of IgA was slightly reduced in colon lysates and the transcript levels of the antimicrobial peptide genes Ang4, Leap2 and Cramp were also significantly reduced. Immunofluorescent microscopy showed that goblet cell granules of HFHC- and HFHCC-fed mice were devoid of Relmβ and Tff3, indicating defective production of those two factors critical for intestinal epithelial defense and homeostasis. Collectively, our results suggest that HFHC and HFHCC diets induce differentiation and functional defects in goblet cells. Fecal shedding of C. rodentium showed an increased bacterial burden in HFHC- and HFHCC-fed animals, indicating a more aggressive bacterial infection, accompanied by increased epithelial damage.
Conclusions
Consumption of high-fat/high cholesterol diets perturb the colonic homeostasis and alter intestinal defenses and the integrity of the intestinal barrier, predisposing the host to a higher susceptibility to enteric infections.
Funding Agencies
CIHRNSERC
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Affiliation(s)
- J Valdes
- University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - A Armas
- University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - J Gagné Sansfaçon
- Anatomie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - V Reyes-Nicolas
- Anatomie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - N Rivard
- University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - G Marrero
- University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - N Perreault
- Anatomie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - A Menendez
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Nguyen M, Cohen I, Valdes J, Xu Z, Bar C, Dauber K, Tsai P, Zhao D, Zheng D, Hsu Y, Chen T, Ezhkova E. 869 The specification of Merkel cell in the back skin and glabrous paw skin is controlled by FGFR2-meditated signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Davis SC, Gil J, Treu R, Valdes J, Solis M, Eberlein T, Eaglstein WH. The healing effect of over-the-counter wound healing agents applied under semiocclusive film dressing. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:544-6. [PMID: 25059458 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S C Davis
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A.
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Burmester G, Emery P, Signorovitch J, Williams D, Valdes J, Bao Y, Mulani P. FRI0145 The effect of adalimumab on risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis of randomized trials:. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Langley RG, Papp K, Gottlieb AB, Krueger GG, Gordon KB, Williams D, Valdes J, Setze C, Strober B. Safety results from a pooled analysis of randomized, controlled phase II and III clinical trials and interim data from an open-label extension trial of the interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody, briakinumab, in moderate to severe psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 27:1252-61. [PMID: 23157612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-interleukin-12/23 treatment (anti-IL-12/23) has recently demonstrated significant efficacy for moderate to severe psoriasis, yet potential safety signals warrant further investigation. OBJECTIVES Expand safety findings for the anti-IL-12/23, briakinumab, beyond individual phase II and III clinical trials. METHODS Safety data pooled from five phase II and III clinical trials (parent studies) and an open-label extension study (OLE), through 22 October 2010; patients with ≥ 1 dose of briakinumab in a parent study or the OLE are included. All parent study briakinumab treatment groups were combined with the OLE population, which received 100-mg briakinumab every 4 weeks. Adverse events (AEs) were collected from the first dose of briakinumab, whether in a parent study or the OLE, through 45 days post-last dose. RESULTS Two thousand five hundred and twenty patients (4704 patient-years drug exposure) received ≥ 1 dose of briakinumab during the interim period: 5.6% withdrew due to AEs. Serious infections occurred in 1.3% and malignancies in 2.6% (including 1.0% basal cell carcinoma, 0.8% squamous cell carcinoma). Twenty-seven major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurred, seven in one parent study and 20 in the OLE (incidence = 0.57 events/100 PY). Four cardiovascular risk factors were retrospectively found to be significant predictors for MACE during briakinumab exposure: history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, body mass index (≥ 30) and baseline blood pressure (systolic ≥ 140 or diastolic ≥ 90). CONCLUSIONS Pooled briakinumab safety results from five parent studies and an OLE suggest increased rates of infections, malignancies and MACE, and that patients receiving anti-IL-12/23 treatment for moderate to severe psoriasis should be monitored for these potential safety signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Langley
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada Probity Medical Research, Waterloo, ON, Canada Tufts Medical Centre, Boston, MA, USA University of Utah Health Sciences Centre, Salt Lake City, UT, USA Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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Hansson BME, Morales-Conde S, Mussack T, Valdes J, Muysoms FE, Bleichrodt RP. The laparoscopic modified Sugarbaker technique is safe and has a low recurrence rate: a multicenter cohort study. Surg Endosc 2012; 27:494-500. [PMID: 23052490 PMCID: PMC3580038 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-012-2464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parastomal hernia is a frequent complication of intestinal stomata. Mesh repair gives the best results, with the mesh inserted via laparotomy or laparoscopically. It was the aim of this retrospective multicenter study to determine the early and late results of the laparoscopically performed, modified Sugarbaker technique with ePTFE mesh. METHODS From 2005 to 2010, a total of 61 consecutive patients (mean age = 61 years), with a symptomatic parastomal hernia, underwent laparoscopic repair using the modified Sugarbaker technique with ePTFE mesh. Fifty-five patients had a colostomy, 4 patients an ileostomy, and 2 a urostomy according to Bricker. The records of the patients were reviewed with respect to patient characteristics, postoperative morbidity, and mortality. All patients underwent physical examination after a follow-up of at least 1 year to detect a recurrent hernia. Morbidity rate was 19 % and included wound infection (n = 1), ileus (n = 2), trocar site bleeding (n = 2), reintervention (n = 2), and pneumonia (n = 1). One patient died in the postoperative period due to metastasis of lung carcinoma that caused bowel obstruction. Concomitant incisional hernias were detected in 25 of 61 patients (41 %) and could be repaired at the same time in all cases. A recurrent hernia was found in three patients at physical examination, and in one patient an asymptomatic recurrence was found on a CT scan. The overall recurrence rate was 6.6 % after a mean follow-up of 26 months. CONCLUSION The laparoscopic Sugarbaker technique is a safe procedure for repairing parastomal hernias. In our study, the overall morbidity was 19 % and the recurrence rate was 6.6 % after a mean follow-up of 26 months. Moreover, the laparoscopic approach revealed concomitant hernias in 41 % of the patients, which could be repaired successfully at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M E Hansson
- Department of Surgery, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, PO Box 9015, 6500 GS Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Rodriguez Perez P, Cantero Caballero M, Pla Mestre R, Jimenez Muñoz A, Valdes J, NavarroRoyo C, Pardo Hernandez À. P14.06 Healthcare workers’ hand hygiene compliance in Madrid region. Target and opportunities for intervention. J Hosp Infect 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(10)60156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tang L, Wu JJ, Ma Q, Cui T, Andreopoulos FM, Gil J, Valdes J, Davis SC, Li J. Human lactoferrin stimulates skin keratinocyte function and wound re-epithelialization. Br J Dermatol 2010; 163:38-47. [PMID: 20222924 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09748.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human lactoferrin (hLF), a member of the transferrin family, is known for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Recent studies on various nonskin cell lines indicate that hLF may have a stimulatory effect on cell proliferation. OBJECTIVES To study the potential role of hLF in wound re-epithelialization. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of hLF on cell growth, migration, attachment and survival were assessed, with a rice-derived recombinant hLF (holo-rhLF), using proliferation analysis, scratch migration assay, calcein-AM/propidium iodide staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) method, respectively. The mechanisms of hLF on cell proliferation and migration were explored using specific pathway inhibitors. The involvement of lactoferrin receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) was examined with RNA interference technique. An in vivo swine second-degree burn wound model was also used to assess wound re-epithelialization. RESULTS Studies revealed that holo-rhLF significantly stimulated keratinocyte proliferation which could be blocked by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase 1 inhibitor. Holo-rhLF also showed strong promoting effects on keratinocyte migration, which could be blocked by either inhibition of the MAPK, Src and Rho/ROCK pathways, or downregulation of the LRP1 receptor. With cells under starving or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate exposure, the addition of holo-rhLF was found greatly to increase cell viability and inhibit cell apoptosis. Additionally, holo-rhLF significantly increased the rate of wound re-epithelialization in swine second-degree burn wounds. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate the direct effects of holo-rhLF on wound re-epithelialization including the enhancement of keratinocyte proliferation and migration as well as the protection of cells from apoptosis. The data strongly indicate its potential therapeutic applications in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tang
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Judd T, Capetillo D, Carrion-Baralt J, Marmol LM, Miguel-Montes LS, Navarrete MG, Puente AE, Romero HR, Valdes J. Professional Considerations for Improving the Neuropsychological Evaluation of Hispanics: A National Academy of Neuropsychology Education Paper. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2009; 24:127-35. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acp016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Cherkassky V, Krasnopolsky V, Solomatine DP, Valdes J. Computational intelligence in earth sciences and environmental applications: issues and challenges. Neural Netw 2006; 19:113-21. [PMID: 16527457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper introduces a generic theoretical framework for predictive learning, and relates it to data-driven and learning applications in earth and environmental sciences. The issues of data quality, selection of the error function, incorporation of the predictive learning methods into the existing modeling frameworks, expert knowledge, model uncertainty, and other application-domain specific problems are discussed. A brief overview of the papers in the Special Issue is provided, followed by discussion of open issues and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cherkassky
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Abstract
We searched for mutations in the CCK gene in panic disorder with single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the three exons and promotor region of the gene. We found a C-->T transition at position -36 (CCK(-36C-->T)) in a GC box, a binding site for transcription factor Sp1, in the promotor region. The allele frequency was 0.168 (95% CI, 0.116-0.221) in 98 persons with panic disorder and 0.083 (95% CI, 0.059-0.107) in 247 geographically matched, unscreened controls. A transmission disequilibrium test based on panic disorder as the affected phenotype was nonsignificant (chi2 = 0.93), but when panic disorder or attacks were considered as affected, statistically significant transmission disequilibrium was detected (chi2 = 4.00, P < 0.05). Linkage analysis was uninformative. In exploratory analyses to search for clinical correlations, the "T" allele was found in 59% of 22 persons with panic attacks but not panic disorder, compared with 31% of those who met the criteria for panic disorder. An association between the CCK polymorphism and panic disorder cannot be considered established due to the inconsistencies in the results noted above, but if the provisional association can be replicated, the findings are consistent with CCK(-36C-->T) being a disease-susceptibility allele that alone is neither necessary nor sufficient to cause panic disorder but that increases vulnerability by acting epistatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242-1000, USA
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Kempf DJ, Rode RA, Xu Y, Sun E, Heath-Chiozzi ME, Valdes J, Japour AJ, Danner S, Boucher C, Molla A, Leonard JM. The duration of viral suppression during protease inhibitor therapy for HIV-1 infection is predicted by plasma HIV-1 RNA at the nadir. AIDS 1998; 12:F9-14. [PMID: 9543434 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199805000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine markers that are associated with the durability of virologic response to therapy with HIV protease inhibitors in HIV-infected individuals. DESIGN This study encompassed two retrospective analyses of the duration of virologic response to protease inhibitor therapy. The first analysis included 29 patients receiving either monotherapy or combination therapy with the protease inhibitor ritonavir whose plasma HIV RNA levels rebounded from the point of greatest decline with mutations associated with resistance to ritonavir. The second analysis included a cohort of 102 patients who initially responded to randomized treatment with either monotherapy with ritonavir or combination therapy with ritonavir and zidovudine. METHODS Durability of response was defined as the time from the initiation of therapy to the point at which plasma HIV RNA displayed a sustained increase of at least 0.6 log10 copies/ml from the nadir value. In the first analysis, durability of response was analyzed with respect to baseline HIV RNA, HIV RNA at the nadir, and the drop in HIV RNA from baseline to the nadir. In the second analysis, time to rebound was examined using Kaplan-Meier analysis, stratifying by either baseline HIV RNA or HIV RNA at the nadir. RESULTS In both analyses, the durability of response was not highly associated with either baseline RNA or the magnitude of RNA decline from baseline. Instead, a strong relationship was observed between the durability of response and the nadir plasma HIV-1 RNA value (P < 0.01). The nadir in viral load was generally reached after 12 weeks of randomized therapy. CONCLUSIONS Viral RNA determinations at intermediate timepoints may be prognostic of impending virologic failure of protease inhibitor therapy. Therapeutic strategies that allow intensification of initial antiretroviral regimens in the subset of patients with incomplete virological response before the emergence of high level resistance should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Kempf
- Department of Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-3500, USA
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Hsu A, Granneman GR, Witt G, Locke C, Denissen J, Molla A, Valdes J, Smith J, Erdman K, Lyons N, Niu P, Decourt JP, Fourtillan JB, Girault J, Leonard JM. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of ritonavir in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:898-905. [PMID: 9145841 PMCID: PMC163822 DOI: 10.1128/aac.41.5.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of ritonavir were investigated in four groups of human immunodeficiency virus-positive male subjects (with 16 subjects per group) under nonfasting conditions; a 3:1 ritonavir:placebo ratio was used. Ritonavir was given at 200 (group I), 300 (group II), 400 (group III), or 500 (group IV) mg every 12 h for 2 weeks. The multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of ritonavir were moderately dose dependent, with the clearance for group IV (6.8 +/- 2.7 liters/h) being an average of 32% lower than that for group I (10.0 +/- 3.2 liters/h). First-pass metabolism should be minimal for ritonavir. The functional half-life, estimated from peak and trough concentrations, were similar among the dosage groups, averaging 3.1 and 5.7 h after the morning and evening doses, respectively. The area under the concentration-time curve at 24 h (AUC24) and apparent terminal-phase elimination rate constant remained relatively time invariant, but predose concentrations decreased 30 to 70% over time. Concentration-dependent autoinduction is the most likely mechanism for the time-dependent pharmacokinetics. The Km and initial maximum rate of metabolism (Vmax) values estimated from population pharmacokinetic modeling (nonlinear mixed-effects models) were 3.43 microg/ml and 46.9 mg/h, respectively. The group IV Vmax increased to 68 mg/h after 2 weeks. The maximum concentration of ritonavir in serum (Cmax) and AUC after the evening doses were an average of 30 to 40% lower than the values after the morning doses, while the concentration at 12 h was an average of 32% lower than the predose concentration, probably due to protracted absorption. Less than 2% of the dose was eliminated unchanged in the urine. Triglyceride levels increased from the levels at the baseline, and the levels were correlated with baseline triglyceride levels and AUC, Cmax, or predose concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hsu
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-3500, USA
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Valdes J, Tagle DA. Gene mapping goes from FISH to surfing the net. Methods Mol Biol 1997; 68:1-10. [PMID: 9055246 DOI: 10.1385/0-89603-482-8:1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Valdes
- National Center for Human Genome Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Revuelta R, Teixeira F, Rojas R, Juambelz P, Romero V, Valdes J. Cavernous hemangiomas of the dura mater at the convexity. Report of a case and therapeutical considerations. Neurosurg Rev 1994; 17:309-11. [PMID: 7753421 DOI: 10.1007/bf00306824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A rare case of cavernous angioma of the dura mater at the convexity is presented. In comparison with the more common cavernous hemangiomas that arise from dural sinuses, the ones on the convexity have a much better prognosis. They do not seem to be associated with spontaneous hemorrhage, their removal is simpler and, transoperatory bleeding, if it occurs, is scanty. Computerized tomography detects the presence of cavernous angiomas of the convexity in only 70% of the cases, magnetic resonance imaging in 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Revuelta
- Division of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, México City, México
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Tagle
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
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19
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Baxendale S, MacDonald ME, Mott R, Francis F, Lin C, Kirby SF, James M, Zehetner G, Hummerich H, Valdes J. A cosmid contig and high resolution restriction map of the 2 megabase region containing the Huntington's disease gene. Nat Genet 1993; 4:181-6. [PMID: 8348156 DOI: 10.1038/ng0693-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The quest for the mutation responsible for Huntington's disease (HD) has required an exceptionally detailed analysis of a large part of 4p16.3 by molecular genetic techniques, making this stretch of 2.2 megabases one of the best characterized regions of the human genome. Here we describe the construction of a cosmid and P1 clone contig spanning the region containing the HD gene, and the establishment of a detailed, high resolution restriction map. This ordered clone library has allowed the identification of several genes from the region, and has played a vital role in the recent identification of the Huntington's disease gene. The restriction map provides the framework for the detailed analysis of a region extremely rich in coding sequences. This study also exemplifies many of the strategies to be used in the analysis of larger regions of the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baxendale
- Genome Analysis Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK
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20
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Tagle DA, Blanchard-McQuate KL, Valdes J, Castilla L, MacDonald ME, Gusella JF, Collins FS. Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the Huntington's disease region at the D4S182 locus. Hum Mol Genet 1993; 2:489. [PMID: 8504314 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/2.4.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D A Tagle
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109
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21
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Sanhueza J, Valdes J, Campos R, Garrido A, Valenzuela A. Changes in the xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase ratio in the rat kidney subjected to ischemia-reperfusion stress: preventive effect of some flavonoids. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1992; 78:211-8. [PMID: 1475527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme xanthine oxidase has been implicated in the tissue oxidative injury after ischemia-reperfusion. This enzyme, which is a source of oxygen free radicals, is formed from a dehydrogenase form during ischemia. The ratio dehydrogenase/oxidase of rat kidney homogenates decreases during the ischemia and the reperfusion. Two flavonoids, quercetin and silybin, characterized as free radical scavengers, exert a protective effect preventing the decrease in the dehydrogenase/oxidase ratio observed during ischemia-reperfusion. The mechanism of this effect and the role of flavonoids in the ischemia-reperfusion tissue damage is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sanhueza
- Unidad de Bioquimica Farmacologica y Lipidos, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago
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22
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Bates GP, Valdes J, Hummerich H, Baxendale S, Le Paslier DL, Monaco AP, Tagle D, MacDonald ME, Altherr M, Ross M. Characterization of a yeast artificial chromosome contig spanning the Huntington's disease gene candidate region. Nat Genet 1992; 1:180-7. [PMID: 1303232 DOI: 10.1038/ng0692-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Huntington's disease (HD) gene has been localized by recombination events to a region covering 2.2 megabases (Mb) DNA within chromosome 4p16.3. We have screened three yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) libraries in order to isolate and characterize 44 YAC clones mapping to this region. Approximately 50% of the YACs were chimaeric. Unstable YACs were identified across the whole region, but were particularly prevalent around the D4S183 and D4S43 loci. The YACs have been assembled into a contig extending from D4S126 to D4S98 covering roughly 2 Mb DNA, except for a gap of about 250 kilobases (kb). The establishment of a YAC contig which spans the region most likely to contain the HD mutation is an essential step in the isolation of the HD gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Bates
- Genome Analysis Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK
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23
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Alvarez E, Valdes J, Edwards A, Juliet B, Piwonka G, Franck R, Monje E. [Myocardial protection during open heart surgery (author's transl)]. Rev Med Chil 1979; 107:422-8. [PMID: 515587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
To study the effect of halothane on the coronary circulation, the circumflex diastolic coronary vascular resistance was measured in the working heart and total mean coronary resistance (TCR) in the isolated nonworking heart of the dog during administration of 100 per cent oxygen and during administration of 2--3 per cent halothane in oxygen. In the working heart, when the diastolic aortic pressure was kept at a nearly control level, halothane induced decreases of 12 per cent in circumflex diastolic coronary vascular resistance and 18 per cent in left ventricular arteriovenous oxygen content difference and no significant change in diastolic coronary blood flow. This effect occurred in spite of the absence of any significant change of myocardial oxygen consumption. In the nonworking beating, arrested or fibrillating heart, halothane induced a decrease of 24 per cent in total mean coronary resistance. Since the decrease in circumflex diastolic coronary vascular resistance in the working heart connot be attributed to myocardial hypoxia and since the results in the isolated nonworking heart eliminate the influences of mechanical and neurohumoral factors on coronary resistance, it is concluded that the observed decrease in resistance is probably due to vasodilation produced by a direct action of halothane on the coronary vessels. This effect was not modified by beta-adrenergic blockade.
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