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Gu WQ, Wang L, Xu JC, Ping GQ, Han X, Wang C. [Non-primary solid malignancies of breast in needle core biopsy: a clinicopathological analysis of 23 cases]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2024; 53:331-336. [PMID: 38556815 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20231013-00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis of non-primary solid malignant tumors in breast needle core biopsy. Methods: Twenty-three cases of breast, axilla or neck lymph nodes pathologically diagnosed as non-primary solid malignant tumors were collected at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China from January 2013 to March 2023. The differential diagnoses and diagnostic features were analyzed, based on combining clinical data, histology, and expression characteristics of biomarkers. Results: All patients were female, with age ranging from 29 to 75 years (average 56 years). The average time from the diagnosis of primary tumor to the current diagnosis was 21 months (0 to 204 months).The primary sites included the ovary (9 cases), the lung (5 cases), the gastrointestinal tract (4 cases), the pancreas, intrahepatic bile duct, thyroid gland, nasal cavity and forearm skin (1 case each). No carcinoma in situ was found in any of the cases. The morphological differences were significant among the tumors, but similar to the primary tumors. The tumors of neuroendocrine and female reproductive tract had great morphological and immunophenotypic overlaps with breast cancer. Metastatic lung cancer cells showed obvious atypia and tumor giant cells. The morphology and immunophenotype of metastatic serous carcinoma of female reproductive system might resemble invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast. Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract often had features of mucous secretion. Metastatic neuroendocrine tumors were bland in appearance and morphologically similar to solid papillary carcinoma of breast, but negative for ER. TRPS1 was mostly negative (18/23) and variably positive in ovarian (4/9) and intrahepatic bile duct (1/1) tumors. Conclusions: The diagnosis of breast needle core biopsy specimen should be combined with clinical history, imaging study, and careful examination of histological features, such as presence of in situ component, morphological similarity between the primary and metastatic tumors, and using appropriate markers to differentiate the primary from metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Q Gu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - J C Xu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - G Q Ping
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - X Han
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - C Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Xu C, Han X, Xu JC, Wang C. [TRPS1 expression in salivary gland-type breast carcinoma and its clinical application]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2023; 52:1261-1265. [PMID: 38058044 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20230728-00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the expression of TRPS1 in salivary gland-type breast carcinoma and its clinical application. Methods: A total of 30 cases of salivary gland-type breast carcinoma diagnosed from May 2015 to November 2022 at the Department of Pathology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were collected. The expression of TRPS1 was detected by immunohistochemistry and compared with that of GATA3. TRPS1 and GATA3 expression in 24 cases of primary salivary gland carcinoma. Results: There were 10 cases of breast secretory carcinoma, aged 21-61 years (median 53.5 years), with the size ranging from 0.9-2.2 cm (median 1.6 cm), 2 of which were accompanied by axillary nodal macrometastasis. All patients were alive after 2-55 months of follow-up (median 29.5 months, mean 29.7 months). There were 20 cases of breast adenoid cystic carcinoma, aged 36-77 years (median 53.5 years), with the size ranging from 1.2-5.5 cm (median 2.5 cm), 3 of which were accompanied by axillary nodal macrometastasis. All patients were alive after 3-92 months of follow-up (median 22.5 months, mean 31.7 months), and 1 patient had lung metastasis 15 months after surgery. The medium/high expression ratio of TRPS1 in breast secretory carcinoma was 10/10, which was higher than that of GATA3 (7/10). TRPS1 was also positive in the 2 cases with lymph node metastases. The medium/high expression rate of TRPS1 in breast adenoid cystic carcinoma was 20/20, which was significantly higher than that of GATA3 (2/20). TRPS1 was highly expressed in both classic and solid subtypes, while GATA3 was only expressed in a few cases of the classic subtype. TRPS1 was also positive in 3 cases with lymph node metastases and 1 case of the pulmonary metastases. The expression level of TRPS1 was the same in 1 case before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, TRPS1 was positive in parotid secretory carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. The medium/high expression rate of TRPS1 in parotid secretory carcinoma (6/6) was higher than that of GATA3 (2/6), and the medium/high expression rate of TRPS1 in parotid adenoid cystic carcinoma (17/18) was higher than that of GATA3 (2/18). Conclusions: The expression of TRPS1 is highly sensitive to salivary gland-type breast carcinoma, especially in GATA3-negative solid subtype of adenoid cystic carcinoma, which plays an important role in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Xu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - X Han
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - J C Xu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - C Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Yang K, Wang X, Wang WQ, Han MY, Hu LM, Kang DY, Yang JY, Liu M, Gao X, Yuan YY, Xu JC. A newborn male with Myhre syndrome, hearing loss, and complete syndactyly of fingers 3-4. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023; 11:e2103. [PMID: 36373990 PMCID: PMC10009913 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myhre syndrome is a rare multisystem genetic disorder that is caused by de novo heterozygous gain-of-function variants in SMAD4. Patients with Myhre syndrome exhibit several phenotypes at different ages such as small size, autism, developmental delay, left-sided heart defects, and hearing loss and often have a characteristic facial appearance. The early clinical diagnosis of Myhre syndrome remains a major challenge, particularly in the first year of life. METHODS A Chinese male infant with syndactyly of fingers, hypertelorism, short palpebral fissures, and short philtrum was enrolled into the ENT department of the Chinese PLA General Hospital. Whole exome sequencing analysis was used to detect the disease-causing variant. A literature review of Myhre syndrome was also performed. RESULTS A recurrent de novo missense variant c.1498A > G p.I500V(p. Ile500Val) in SMAD4 was detected confirming the clinical diagnosis of Myhre syndrome at the age of 38 days. The infant appears to be the youngest reported case of Myhre syndrome. At 23-month follow-up, the affected infant has dysmorphic facial features, growth retardation, and previously undescribed complete syndactyly. Review the literatures noted several common features in Myhre syndrome patients including hearing loss (72.7%), characteristic facial features (26.0%-54.5%), finger and toe abnormalities (3.9%-48.1%), short stature (45.5%), and respiratory (30.0%) and cardiovascular problems (65.0%). CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should have a low threshold to perform genetic testing on patients with features suggesting Myhre syndrome even in the first year of life. Although some individuals with Myhre syndrome have normal hearing, early onset or progressive hearing loss usually occur in one or both ears in most patients, with remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity. Syndactyly may be minor such as typical 2-3 toe involvement, or more complicated as was observed in our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Postgraduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University (The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Qian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China.,College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yu Han
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li-Min Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Yang Kang
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Yuan Yang
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Yi Yuan
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Cao Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China
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4
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Gao X, Zhao J, Li GH, Wang X, Wang W, Liu X, Liu M, Guo MM, Wang ZD, Lu YY, Li J, Feng Y, Yang K, Xu JC, Dai P. Cochlear implantation in a patient with congenital microtia, cochlear hypoplasia, venous anomalies of the temporal bone and laryngomalacia: Challenges and surgical considerations. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33000. [PMID: 36800592 PMCID: PMC9935978 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE AND PATIENT CONCERNS Congenital hearing loss is often caused by an inner ear malformation, in such cases, the presence of other anomalies, such as microtia, and venous anomalies of the temporal bone and laryngomalacia makes it challenging to perform cochlear implantation surgery. DIAGNOSES This study reports the case of a 28-month-old girl with congenital profound hearing loss, laryngomalacia, and malformed inner ear, who received cochlear implantation surgery. The bony structure, vessels and nerves were first assessed through magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography before exploring the genetic basis of the condition using trio-based whole exome sequencing. Perioperative evaluation and management of the airway was then performed by experienced anesthesiologist, with the surgical challenges as well as problems encountered fully evaluated. INTERVENTIONS Cochlear implantation was eventually performed using a trans-mastoid approach under uneventful general anesthesia. OUTCOMES Due to the small size of the cochlea, a short electrode FLEX24 was inserted through the cochleostomy. LESSONS Considering the high risk of facial nerve injury and limited access to the cochlea when patients present significant bony and venous anomalies, cochlear implantation in such patients require careful preoperative evaluation and thoughtful planning. In these cases, airway assessment, magnetic resonance venography, magnetic resonance arteriography, and magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography can be useful to minimize the risks. Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring is also recommended to assist in the safe location of facial nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, China, Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Hua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Meng Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Dong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Yan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China
- Postgraduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University (The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Cao Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pu Dai
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, China, Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
- * Correspondence: Pu Dai, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, P. R. China (e-mail: )
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5
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Yang JY, Wang WQ, Han MY, Huang SS, Wang GJ, Su Y, Xu JC, Fu Y, Kang DY, Yang K, Zhang X, Liu X, Gao X, Yuan YY, Dai P. Addition of an affected family member to a previously ascertained autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss pedigree and systematic phenotype-genotype analysis of splice-site variants in MYO15A. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:241. [PMCID: PMC9673454 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in MYO15A are known to cause autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL), DFNB3. We have previously reported on one ARNSHL family including two affected siblings and identified MYO15A c.5964+3G > A and c.8375 T > C (p.Val2792Ala) as the possible deafness-causing variants. Eight year follow up identified one new affected individual in this family, who also showed congenital, severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. By whole exome sequencing, we identified a new splice-site variant c.5531+1G > C (maternal allele), in a compound heterozygote with previously identified missense variant c.8375 T > C (p.Val2792Ala) (paternal allele) in MYO15A as the disease-causing variants. The new affected individual underwent unilateral cochlear implantation at the age of 1 year, and 5 year follow-up showed satisfactory speech and language outcomes. Our results further indicate that MYO15A-associated hearing loss is good candidates for cochlear implantation, which is in accordance with previous report. In light of our findings and review of the literatures, 58 splice-site variants in MYO15A are correlated with a severe deafness phenotype, composed of 46 canonical splice-site variants and 12 non-canonical splice-site variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yuan Yang
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qian Wang
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 16# XinWai Da Jie, Beijing, 100088 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yu Han
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sha-Sha Huang
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Jian Wang
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Su
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital Affiliated Hainan Hospital, Jianglin Road, Sanya, 572013 People’s Republic of China ,Hainan Province Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic and Head and Neck Diseases, Jianglin Road, Sanya, 572013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Cao Xu
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 16# XinWai Da Jie, Beijing, 100088 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Fu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, 266035 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Yang Kang
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324Postgraduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 16# XinWai Da Jie, Beijing, 100088 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 16# XinWai Da Jie, Beijing, 100088 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Gao
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 16# XinWai Da Jie, Beijing, 100088 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Yi Yuan
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pu Dai
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Xu JC, Xu Y, Li KD, Wang C. [High-grade endometrial carcinoma with choriocarcinoma differentiation: report of a case]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2022; 51:1180-1183. [PMID: 36323555 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20220826-00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J C Xu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - K D Li
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - C Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Zhuang SQ, Mao YX, Deng FC, Luo YY, Shi WY, Li X, Cao YQ, Xu JC, Tang S. [Comparative analysis of metagenomic and 16S rDNA sequencing in gut microbiota of healthy elderly]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 56:1618-1624. [PMID: 36372753 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20211222-01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the differences in subsequent analysis between metagenomic and 16Sr DNA sequencing in compositionally characterizing gut microbiota of healthy elderly. Methods: By using a panel study design, five monthly repeated measurements were performed among 76 healthy older people in Jinan City, Shandong Province. Their fecal samples were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed through metagenomic and 16Sr DNA sequencing to compare the composition and diversity of gut microbiota. The correlation between species abundance and α diversity was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis, and the correlation between species abundance and β diversity was determined by Procrustes analysis. Results: The age of 76 participants was (65.07±2.75), and the body mass index was (25.03±2.40) kg/m2. There were 38 males and 38 females. A total of 345 fecal samples were obtained from five monthly repeated measurements. Compared with 16S rDNA sequencing, metagenomic sequencing showed more annotated species at each level. The difference in the number of two sequencing species increased with the decrease of the level. Although there were significant differences in species richness between the two sequencing methods. Their species richness was highly correlated at both phylum (r=0.88, P<0.001) and genus (r=0.77, P<0.001) levels. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the common dominant species. Gut microbiota diversity analysis further showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between α diversity (r=0.70, P<0.001) and β diversities (M2=0.84, P<0.05) in the two groups. Conclusion: The annotation efficiency of metagenomic sequencing is much higher than that of 16S rDNA sequencing. The two sequencing methods are consistent in phylum abundance as well as α diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Q Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y X Mao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - F C Deng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y Y Luo
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - W Y Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - X Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y Q Cao
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - J C Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Song Tang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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Wang WQ, Gao X, Huang SS, Kang DY, Xu JC, Yang K, Han MY, Zhang X, Yang SY, Yuan YY, Dai P. Genetic Analysis of the LOXHD1 Gene in Chinese Patients With Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss. Front Genet 2022; 13:825082. [PMID: 35711932 PMCID: PMC9196635 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.825082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is a common neurosensory disease with an extreme genetic heterogeneity which has been linked to variants in over 120 genes. The LOXHD1 gene (DFNB77), encoding lipoxygenase homology domain 1, is a rare hearing loss gene found in several populations. To evaluate the importance of LOXHD1 variants in Chinese patients with NSHL, we performed genetic analysis on LOXHD1 in 2,901 sporadic Chinese patients to identify the aspect and frequency of LOXHD1 causative variants. Next-generation sequencing using a custom gene panel of HL was conducted on 2,641 unrelated patients and whole-exome sequencing on the remaining 260 patients. A total of 33 likely causative variants were identified in 21 patients, including 20 novel variants and 13 previously reported pathogenic variants. Each of the 20 novel variants was evaluated according to ACMG criteria. These findings showed that causative variants in LOXHD1 were found in about 0.72% (21/2,901) of Chinese NSHL patients. This study is by far the largest number of novel variants identified in this gene expanding the range of pathogenic variants in LOXHD1, and suggests that variants in this gene occur relatively commonly in Chinese NSHL patients. This extensive investigation of LOXHD1 in Chinese NSHL patients proposed six recurrent LOXHD1 variants. These findings may assist in both molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Sha-Sha Huang
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Yang Kang
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Cao Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Yu Han
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Yan Yang
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Yi Yuan
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Dai
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesState Key Lab of Hearing Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Ministry of Education, College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
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Wang CT, Xu JC, Chan KC, Lee HH, Tso CY, Lin CSK, Chao CYH, Fu SC. Infection control measures for public transportation derived from the flow dynamics of obstructed cough jet. J Aerosol Sci 2022; 163:105995. [PMID: 35382445 PMCID: PMC8971108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2022.105995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, WHO and CDC suggest people stay 1 m and 1.8 m away from others, respectively. Keeping social distance can avoid close contact and mitigate infection spread. Many researchers suspect that suggested distances are not enough because aerosols can spread up to 7-8 m away. Despite the debate on social distance, these social distances rely on unobstructed respiratory activities such as coughing and sneezing. Differently, in this work, we focused on the most common but less studied aerosol spread from an obstructed cough. The flow dynamics of a cough jet blocked by the backrest and gasper jet in a cabin environment was characterized by the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. It was proved that the backrest and the gasper jet can prevent the front passenger from droplet spray in public transportation where maintaining social distance was difficult. A model was developed to describe the cough jet trajectory due to the gasper jet, which matched well with PIV results. It was found that buoyancy and inside droplets almost do not affect the short-range cough jet trajectory. Infection control measures were suggested for public transportation, including using backrest/gasper jet, installing localized exhaust, and surface cleaning of the backrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - J C Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - K C Chan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - H H Lee
- Department of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Y Tso
- Department of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carol S K Lin
- Department of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Y H Chao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering & Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - S C Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Wang R, Wang WQ, Li XQ, Zhao J, Yang K, Feng Y, Guo MM, Liu M, Liu X, Wang X, Yuan YY, Gao X, Xu JC. A novel variant in FOXC1 associated with atypical Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:277. [PMID: 34809627 PMCID: PMC8609746 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Forkhead Box C1 (FOXC1) are known to cause autosomal dominant hereditary Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, which is a genetic disorder characterized by ocular and systemic features including glaucoma, variable dental defects, craniofacial dysmorphism and hearing loss. Due to late-onset of ocular disorders and lack of typical presentation, clinical diagnosis presents a huge challenge. In this study, we described a pathogenic in-frame variant in FOXC1 in one 5-year-old boy who is presented with hypertelorism, pupil deformation in both eyes, conductive hearing loss, and dental defects. By whole exome sequencing, we identified a 3 bp deletion in FOXC1, c.516_518delGCG (p.Arg173del) as the disease-causing variant, which was de novo and not detected in the parents, and could be classified as a "pathogenic variant" according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. After confirmation of this FOXC1 variant, clinical data on Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome-associated clinical features were collected and analyzed. Furthermore, Although the affected individual present hearing loss, however, the hearing loss is conductive and is reversible during the follow-up, which might not linke to the FOXC1 variant and is coincidental. Routine examination of FOXC1 is necessary for the genetic diagnosis of hypertelorism-associated syndrome. These findings may assist clinicians in reaching correct clinical and molecular diagnoses, and providing appropriate genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Postgraduate Training Base Of Jinzhou Medical University (The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center), 16# XinWai Da Jie, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 16# XinWai Da Jie, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China.,College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, China, Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 16# XinWai Da Jie, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 16# XinWai Da Jie, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 16# XinWai Da Jie, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 16# XinWai Da Jie, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Meng Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 16# XinWai Da Jie, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 16# XinWai Da Jie, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 16# XinWai Da Jie, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 16# XinWai Da Jie, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Yi Yuan
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, China, Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 16# XinWai Da Jie, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin-Cao Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 16# XinWai Da Jie, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China.
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Niu JY, Wang L, Hong B, Xu JC, Han YB, Jin HX, Zeng YX, Peng XL, Ge HL, Wang XQ. Synergistic effects of α-Fe 2O 3nanoparticles and Fe-doping on gas-sensing performance of NiO nanowires and interface mechanism. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:485502. [PMID: 34352739 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1afb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High surface area nickel oxide nanowires (NiO NWs), Fe-doped NiO NWs andα-Fe2O3/Fe-doped NiO NWs were synthesized with nanocasting pathway, and then the morphology, microstructure and components of all samples were characterized with XRD, TEM, EDS, UV-vis spectra and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. Owing to the uniform mesoporous template, all samples with the same diameter exhibit the similar mesoporous-structures. The loadedα-Fe2O3nanoparticles should exist in mesoporous channels between Fe-doped NiO NWs to form heterogeneous contact at the interface of n-typeα-Fe2O3nanoparticles and p-type NiO NWs. The gas-sensing results indicate that Fe-dopant andα-Fe2O3-loading both improve the gas-sensing performance of NiO NWs sensors.α-Fe2O3/Fe-doped NiO NWs sensors presented the highest response to 100 ppm ethanol gas (55.264) compared with Fe-doped NiO NWs (24.617) and NiO NWs sensors (3.189). The donor Fe-dopant increases the ground state resistance and the absorbed oxygen content in air.α-Fe2O3nanoparticles in electron depletion region result in the increasing resistance in ethanol gas and decreasing resistance in air. In this way,α-Fe2O3/Fe-doped NiO NWs sensor presents the excellent gas-sensing performance due to the formation of heterogeneous contact at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Niu
- College of Materials Science and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - L Wang
- College of Materials Science and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - B Hong
- College of Materials Science and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - J C Xu
- College of Materials Science and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Y B Han
- College of Materials Science and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - H X Jin
- College of Materials Science and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Y X Zeng
- College of Materials Science and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Peng
- College of Materials Science and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - H L Ge
- College of Materials Science and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - X Q Wang
- College of Materials Science and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
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12
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Gao X, Huang SS, Qiu SW, Su Y, Wang WQ, Xu HY, Xu JC, Kang DY, Dai P, Yuan YY. Congenital sensorineural hearing loss as the initial presentation of PTPN11-associated Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines or Noonan syndrome: clinical features and underlying mechanisms. J Med Genet 2020; 58:465-474. [PMID: 32737134 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-106892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline variants in PTPN11 are the primary cause of Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML) and Noonan syndrome (NS), which share common skin and facial symptoms, cardiac anomalies and retardation of growth. Hearing loss is considered an infrequent feature in patients with NSML/NS. However, in our cohort, we identified a group of patients with PTPN11 pathogenic variants that were primarily manifested in congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). This study evaluated the incidence of PTPN11-related NSML or NS in patients with congenital SNHL and explored the expression of PTPN11 and the underlying mechanisms in the auditory system. METHODS A total of 1502 patients with congenital SNHL were enrolled. Detailed phenotype-genotype correlations were analysed in patients with PTPN11 variants. Immunolabelling of Ptpn11 was performed in P35 mice. Zebrafish with Ptpn11 knockdown/mutant overexpression were constructed to further explore mechanism underlying the phenotypes. RESULTS Ten NSML/NS probands were diagnosed via the identification of pathogenic variants of PTPN11, which accounted for ~0.67% of the congenital SNHL cases. In mice cochlea, Shp2, which is encoded by Ptpn11, is distributed in the spiral ganglion neurons, hair cells and supporting cells of the inner ear. In zebrafish, knockdown of ptpn11a and overexpression of mutant PTPN11 were associated with a significant decrease in hair cells and supporting cells. We concluded that congenital SNHL could be a major symptom in PTPN11-associated NSML or NS. Other features may be mild, especially in children. CONCLUSION Screening for PTPN11 in patients with congenital hearing loss and variant-based diagnoses are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases; State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Sha-Sha Huang
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases; State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Wei Qiu
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases; State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Su
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases; State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Qian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Yan Xu
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases; State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Cao Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Yang Kang
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases; State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Dai
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases; State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Yi Yuan
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases; State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
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Wang HQ, Guo HY, Xu GS, Leonard AW, Wu XQ, Groth M, Jaervinen AE, Watkins JG, Osborne TH, Thomas DM, Eldon D, Stangeby PC, Turco F, Xu JC, Wang L, Wang YF, Liu JB. First Evidence of Local E×B Drift in the Divertor Influencing the Structure and Stability of Confined Plasma near the Edge of Fusion Devices. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:195002. [PMID: 32469565 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.195002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the edge plasma in a magnetic confinement system has a strong impact on the overall plasma performance. We uncover for the first time a magnetic-field-direction dependent density shelf, i.e., local flattening of the density radial profile near the magnetic separatrix, in high confinement plasmas with low edge collisionality in the DIII-D tokamak. The density shelf is correlated with a doubly peaked density profile near the divertor target plate, which tends to occur for operation with the ion B×∇B drift direction away from the X-point, as currently employed for DIII-D advanced tokamak scenarios. This double-peaked divertor plasma profile is connected via the E×B drifts, arising from a strong radial electric field induced by the radial electron temperature gradient near the divertor target. The drifts lead to the reversal of the poloidal flow above the divertor target, resulting in the formation of the density shelf. The edge density shelf can be further enhanced at higher heating power, preventing large, periodic bursts of the plasma, i.e., edge-localized modes, in the edge region, consistent with ideal magnetohydrodynamics calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Q Wang
- General Atomics, Post Office Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - H Y Guo
- General Atomics, Post Office Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - G S Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - A W Leonard
- General Atomics, Post Office Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - X Q Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - M Groth
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - A E Jaervinen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J G Watkins
- Sandia National Laboratories, Post Office Box 969, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - T H Osborne
- General Atomics, Post Office Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - D M Thomas
- General Atomics, Post Office Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - D Eldon
- General Atomics, Post Office Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - P C Stangeby
- University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies, 4925 Dufferin St., Toronto M3H 5T6, Canada
| | - F Turco
- Columbia University, 500 West 120th St., New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J C Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - L Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Y F Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - J B Liu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Zhu XT, Wang KJ, Zhou Q, Xu JC. [Establishing reference intervals of thyroid hormone based on a laboratory information system]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2020; 59:129-133. [PMID: 32074686 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1426.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To establish reference intervals (RIs) of thyroid hormone based on data from healthy subjects in laboratory information system (LIS) by indirect methods. Methods: Data were selected from the physical examination center in LIS of the First Hospital of Jilin University from May 2014 to December 2018. The normal distribution of the original data was checked by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Skewed data were transformed into normal distribution using BOX-COX techniques, and outliers were identified by the Turkey method. The continuous percentile curve was established by coefficient of skewness-median-coefficient of variation(LMS) methods. Cut-off value of age was determined by decision trees, and the differences between groups were verified by Z-tests. P(2.5) and P(97.5) in the RIs were analyzed by non-parametric methods. Results: A total of 45 742 subjects were included in the study. There were no differences in the RI for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) among age groups or between men and women (Z<Z*), and the RI was 0.60-4.41mIU/L (20-79 years old). However, the levels of free triiodothyronine(FT(3)) decreased with age in males and females under 35-year-old. The RIs for FT(3) were 4.47-6.44pmol/L (20-44 years old), 4.19-6.21pmol/L (45-64 years old) and 3.90-5.85pmol/L (65-79 years old) in males, and 4.04-6.13pmol/L (20-34 years old) and 3.87-5.76pmol/L (35-79 years old) in females, respectively. The levels of free thyroxine(FT(4)) in men were higher than those in women from 20 to 49 years old, and no gender and age differences could be viewed in subjects after 50 years old (Z<Z*). The RIs for FT(4) were 13.69-21.76pmol/L (male, 20-49 years old), 12.99-20.83pmol/L (female, 20-49 years old) and 12.98-21.21pmol/L (50~79 years old). Conclusion: Establishment of RIs of thyroid hormone based on the data from LIS is simple and reliable, which is suitable for clinical laboratory application.
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Affiliation(s)
- X T Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - K J Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Q Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - J C Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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15
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Wang X, Feng Y, Xu JC. [Ramsey-Hunt syndrome with initial syndrome of hoarseness: a case report]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019; 33:283-288. [PMID: 30813705 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Summary Ramsey-Hunt syndrome is caused by the varicella zoster virus, which mainly affects the facial nerve. The typical clinical features of Ramsey-Hunt syndrome are peripheral facial paralysis and ear herpes. In this case, initial symptoms were hoarseness and coughing, afterwards typical symptom occurred 5 days later which were earache, late-onset herpes, and facial paralysis. Ramsey-Hunt syndrome are difficult to diagnose because of its seemingly unrelated initial symptoms.
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Sun LL, Gao ST, Wang K, Xu JC, Sanz-Fernandez MV, Baumgard LH, Bu DP. Effects of source on bioavailability of selenium, antioxidant status, and performance in lactating dairy cows during oxidative stress-inducing conditions. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:311-319. [PMID: 30343914 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we used heat stress (HS) as an oxidative stress model to examine the effects of hydroxy-selenomethionine (HMSeBA), an organic selenium source, on selenium's bioavailability, antioxidant status, and performance when fed to dairy cows. Eight mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows (141 ± 27 d in milk, 35.3 ± 2.8 kg of milk/d, parity 2 or 3) were individually housed in environmental chambers and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: inorganic Se supplementation (sodium selenite; SS; 0.3 mg of Se/kg of dry matter; n = 4) or HMSeBA supplementation (0.3 mg of Se/kg of dry matter; n = 4). The trial was divided into 3 continuous periods: a covariate period (9 d), a thermal neutral (TN) period (28 d), and a HS period (9 d). During the covariate and TN periods, all cows were housed in TN conditions (20°C, 55% humidity). During HS, all cows were exposed to cyclical HS conditions (32-36°C, 40% humidity). All cows were fed SS during the covariate period, and dietary treatments were implemented during the TN and HS periods. During HS, cows fed HMSeBA had increased Se concentrations in serum and milk, and total Se milk-to-serum concentration ratio compared with SS controls. Superoxide dismutase activity did not differ between Se sources, but we noted a treatment by day interaction in glutathione peroxidase activity as HS progressively reduced it in SS controls, whereas it was maintained in HMSeBA cows. Supplementation with HMSeBA increased total antioxidant capacity and decreased malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide serum concentrations compared with SS-fed controls. We found no treatment effects on rectal temperature, respiratory rate, or dry matter intake. Supplementing HMSeBA tended to increase milk yield and decrease milk fat percentage. No other milk composition parameters differed between treatments. We observed no treatment effects detected on blood biochemistry, except for a lower alanine aminotransferase activity in HMSeBA-fed cows. These results demonstrate that HMSeBA supplementation decreases some parameters of HS-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Sun
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - S T Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - K Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - J C Xu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - M V Sanz-Fernandez
- Comparative Physiology Group, Subdireccion General de Investigacion y Tecnologia (SGIT), Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50014
| | - D P Bu
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-World Agroforestry Centre (CAAS-ICRAF) Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Beijing 100193, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety (CICAPS), Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
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17
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Xu JC, Wang L, Xu GS, Zhu DH, Feng W, Liu JB, Deng GZ, Lan H, Yao DM, Luo GN, Guo HY. Design of Langmuir probe diagnostic system for the upgraded lower tungsten divertor in EAST tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10J127. [PMID: 30399710 DOI: 10.1063/1.5038822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve long-pulse H-mode plasma scenario over 400 s with high heating power in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) device, the lower graphite divertor will be upgraded into a tungsten (W) divertor with active water cooling, which consists of the W/Cu monoblock units and the W flat-tile units as the divertor plasma facing components. As a fundamental diagnostic tool, the divertor Langmuir probe (Div-LP) diagnostic system will be upgraded accordingly. This paper presents the design of two kinds of new Div-LP systems, which are planned to be utilized on the W/Cu monoblock units and the W flat-tile units for the upgraded lower tungsten divertor, respectively, including their structures and preliminary poloidal and toroidal layouts. The Div-LP diagnostic system can measure the plasma parameters with the schemes of triple-probe, double-probe, and single-probe, to obtain the spatial and temporal distribution of plasma behavior on the divertor targets, which is useful for the discharge control and operation in EAST. In addition, the thermal analysis of the two kinds of probe assemblies is also carried out by using the three-dimensional finite element code ANSYS, which is aimed to get the optimal designs to withstand the long-pulse and high-power operation in EAST future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - L Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - G S Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - D H Zhu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - W Feng
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - J B Liu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - G Z Deng
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - H Lan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - D M Yao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - G N Luo
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - H Y Guo
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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18
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Krustrup P, Williams CA, Mohr M, Hansen PR, Helge EW, Elbe AM, de Sousa M, Dvorak J, Junge A, Hammami A, Holtermann A, Larsen MN, Kirkendall D, Schmidt JF, Andersen TR, Buono P, Rørth M, Parnell D, Ottesen L, Bennike S, Nielsen JJ, Mendham AE, Zar A, Uth J, Hornstrup T, Brasso K, Nybo L, Krustrup BR, Meyer T, Aagaard P, Andersen JL, Hubball H, Reddy PA, Ryom K, Lobelo F, Barene S, Helge JW, Fatouros IG, Nassis GP, Xu JC, Pettersen SA, Calbet JA, Seabra A, Rebelo AN, Figueiredo P, Póvoas S, Castagna C, Milanovic Z, Bangsbo J, Randers MB, Brito J. The "Football is Medicine" platform-scientific evidence, large-scale implementation of evidence-based concepts and future perspectives. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28 Suppl 1:3-7. [PMID: 29917263 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - C A Williams
- CHERC, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - M Mohr
- University of Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - P R Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - E W Helge
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A-M Elbe
- Universitat Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M de Sousa
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-18, Endocrinology Division, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Dvorak
- Spine Unit, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Junge
- Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Hammami
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Benarous, Tunisia
| | - A Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M N Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - D Kirkendall
- James R. Urbaniak, Sport Sciences Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J F Schmidt
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T R Andersen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - P Buono
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, Napoli, Italy
| | - M Rørth
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, UK
| | - D Parnell
- Department of Economics, Policy & International Business, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - L Ottesen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Bennike
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J J Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A E Mendham
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Zar
- Department of Sport Science, Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - J Uth
- The University Hospitals Centre for Health Care Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Hornstrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Brasso
- Department of Urology, Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Nybo
- NEXS, UCPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B R Krustrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Meyer
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Germany
| | - P Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J L Andersen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Hubball
- Department of Curriculum and Pedagogy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - K Ryom
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - F Lobelo
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health and Exercise is Medicine Global Research and Collaboration Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - S Barene
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - J W Helge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I G Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | | | - J C Xu
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - S A Pettersen
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic Uniiversity of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - J A Calbet
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A Seabra
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Portugal
| | - A N Rebelo
- Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Figueiredo
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Portugal
| | - S Póvoas
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD) University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), Maia, Portugal
| | - C Castagna
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Fitness Training and Biomechanics Laboratory, Italian Footbal Association (FIGC), Technical Department, Coverciano, Italy
| | - Z Milanovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.,Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | - J Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M B Randers
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J Brito
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Portugal
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19
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Gao X, Yuan YY, Lin QF, Xu JC, Wang WQ, Qiao YH, Kang DY, Bai D, Xin F, Huang SS, Qiu SW, Guan LP, Su Y, Wang GJ, Han MY, Jiang Y, Liu HK, Dai P. Mutation of IFNLR1, an interferon lambda receptor 1, is associated with autosomal-dominant non-syndromic hearing loss. J Med Genet 2018; 55:298-306. [PMID: 29453195 PMCID: PMC5931241 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Hereditary sensorineural hearing loss is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. Objectives This study was designed to explore the genetic etiology of deafness in a large Chinese family with autosomal dominant, nonsyndromic, progressive sensorineural hearing loss (ADNSHL). Methods Whole exome sequencing and linkage analysis were performed to identify pathogenic mutation. Inner ear expression of Ifnlr1 was investigated by immunostaining in mice. ifnlr1 Morpholino knockdown Zebrafish were constructed to explore the deafness mechanism. Results We identified a cosegregating heterozygous missense mutation, c.296G>A (p.Arg99His) in the gene encoding interferon lambda receptor 1 (IFNLR1) - a protein that functions in the Jak/ STAT pathway- are associated with ADNSHL Morpholino knockdown of ifnlr1 leads to a significant decrease in hair cells and non-inflation of the swim bladder in late-stage zebrafish, which can be reversed by injection with normal Zebrafish ifnlr1 mRNA. Knockdown of ifnlr1 in zebrafish causes significant upregulation of cytokine receptor family member b4 (interleukin-10r2), jak1, tyrosine kinase 2, stat3, and stat5b in the Jak1/STAT3 pathway at the mRNA level. ConclusionIFNLR1 function is required in the auditory system and that IFNLR1 mutations are associated with ADNSHL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study implicating an interferon lambda receptor in auditory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Yi Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong-Fen Lin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin-Cao Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Qian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Hua Qiao
- Department of Audiology and Balance Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dong-Yang Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Xin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sha-Sha Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Wei Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Audiology and Balance Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Li-Ping Guan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Su
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Jian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Yu Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Fujian Medical University ShengLi Clinical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Han-Kui Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pu Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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20
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Chen L, Wang S, Xu JC. Survey on Physical Fitness and Cardiovascular Function of the City Elderly in Different Regular Physical Activities in China. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:1107-1111. [PMID: 30379310 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between sports law project selection and physical health, cardiovascular function of the city elderly. DESIGN AND SETTING To investigate the state of regular physical activity, physical health, and cardiovascular function. PARTICIPANTS 1,555 city elderly people aged 60-69 years in 10 cities of Shaanxi Province. MEASUREMENTS Clinical and anthropometrics measurements included height, weight, waistline, blood pressure, heart rate, strength, balance, flexibility. RESULTS The sports participation rate for the samples was 51.38%, which was with fitness walking (61.08%), Tai Chi (12.52%), fitness run (11.51%), dance(8.89%)as the main items; There were statistically significant difference in WHtR (F = 2.63), heart rate (F = 3.43), balance (F = 4.51), flexibility (F = 3.57), strength (F = 24.69) (all P < 0.05) for the two groups of elderly; Compared with the non-regular physical activity groups, these groups of fitness walking, Tai Chi and fitness running were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The systolic blood pressure (t = 4.18), diastolic blood pressure (t = 2.02), heart rate (t= -2.13), balance (t= 2.88) of fitness walking group were improved markedly. The balance (t = 4.42, P = .000) of Tai Chi group was significant. The strength (t = 2.48, P = .013) of fitness running group was significant. CONCLUSION The project of regular physical activity can effectively improve the physical health level and heart vascular function of the elderly people. WHtR was suitable for evaluating physical fitness of elderly people in regular sports. Fitness walking, Tai Chi, fitness running can effectively improve the obese elderly obesity levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Fitness walking program can improve heart rate and blood pressure levels, and it also can be recommended as an exercise for improving the level of cardiovascular function, with the flexibility exercise being added. Tai Chi helped the elderly to improve their balance level and prevent falls. Fitness running helped to improve the elderly power and slow down the process of muscle degradation. The choice of Regular sports activities for the elderly was single, not according to their own physical or chronic disease of the targeted exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- Liang Chen, Department of Basic Physical Education , Institute of Physical Education, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China.
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21
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Li YL, Xu GS, Xiao C, Wang HQ, Yan N, Wan BN, Chen L, Liu YL, Zhang H, Zhang W, Wang L, Hu GH, Chen R, Xu JC, Ye Y, Li J. Retarding field analyzer for the EAST plasma boundary. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:123503. [PMID: 28040924 DOI: 10.1063/1.4971317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel bi-directional Retarding Field Analyzer (RFA) probe has been installed on a fast reciprocating drive system on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) to measure the ion temperature and fast electron fluxes. A Langmuir probe assembly was added on the top of the RFA head to control the RFA position relative to the last closed flux surface and to have a possibility to measure the electron density and temperature as well. Except the ion temperature, the fast electron fluxes from both ion and electron drift sides have been measured during lower hybrid current drive. The RFA probe has been also used to measure the fast electrons associated with edge localized modes (ELMs), indicating their substantial presence in the scrape-off-layer plasma of EAST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - G S Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - C Xiao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - H Q Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - N Yan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - B N Wan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - L Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Y L Liu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - H Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - W Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - L Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - G H Hu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - R Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - J C Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Ye
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - J Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
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22
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Wu CR, Huang J, Gao W, Gao W, Xu Z, Chang JF, Hou YM, Jin Z, Xu JC, Duan YM, Zhang PF, Chen YJ, Zhang L, Wu ZW, Li JG. Measurement of the deuterium Balmer series line emission on EAST. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11D616. [PMID: 27910316 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Volume recombination plays an important role towards plasma detachment for magnetically confined fusion devices. High quantum number states of the Balmer series of deuterium are used to study recombination. On EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak), two visible spectroscopic measurements are applied for the upper/lower divertor with 13 channels, respectively. Both systems are coupled with Princeton Instruments ProEM EMCCD 1024B camera: one is equipped on an Acton SP2750 spectrometer, which has a high spectral resolution ∼0.0049 nm with 2400 gr/mm grating to measure the Dα(Hα) spectral line and with 1200 gr/mm grating to measure deuterium molecular Fulcher band emissions and another is equipped on IsoPlane SCT320 using 600 gr/mm to measure high-n Balmer series emission lines, allowing us to study volume recombination on EAST and to obtain the related line averaged plasma parameters (Te, ne) during EAST detached phases. This paper will present the details of the measurements and the characteristics of deuterium Balmer series line emissions during density ramp-up L-mode USN plasma on EAST.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - J Huang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - W Gao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - W Gao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Z Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - J F Chang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Y M Hou
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Z Jin
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - J C Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Y M Duan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - P F Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Y J Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - L Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Z W Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - J G Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
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23
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Xu JC, Wang L, Xu GS, Luo GN, Yao DM, Li Q, Cao L, Chen L, Zhang W, Liu SC, Wang HQ, Jia MN, Feng W, Deng GZ, Hu LQ, Wan BN, Li J, Sun YW, Guo HY. Upgrade of Langmuir probe diagnostic in ITER-like tungsten mono-block divertor on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:083504. [PMID: 27587120 DOI: 10.1063/1.4960181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to withstand rapid increase in particle and power impact onto the divertor and demonstrate the feasibility of the ITER design under long pulse operation, the upper divertor of the EAST tokamak has been upgraded to actively water-cooled, ITER-like tungsten mono-block structure since the 2014 campaign, which is the first attempt for ITER on the tokamak devices. Therefore, a new divertor Langmuir probe diagnostic system (DivLP) was designed and successfully upgraded on the tungsten divertor to obtain the plasma parameters in the divertor region such as electron temperature, electron density, particle and heat fluxes. More specifically, two identical triple probe arrays have been installed at two ports of different toroidal positions (112.5-deg separated toroidally), which can provide fundamental data to study the toroidal asymmetry of divertor power deposition and related 3-dimension (3D) physics, as induced by resonant magnetic perturbations, lower hybrid wave, and so on. The shape of graphite tip and fixed structure of the probe are designed according to the structure of the upper tungsten divertor. The ceramic support, small graphite tip, and proper connector installed make it possible to be successfully installed in the very narrow interval between the cassette body and tungsten mono-block, i.e., 13.5 mm. It was demonstrated during the 2014 and 2015 commissioning campaigns that the newly upgraded divertor Langmuir probe diagnostic system is successful. Representative experimental data are given and discussed for the DivLP measurements, then proving its availability and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - L Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - G S Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - G N Luo
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - D M Yao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Q Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - L Cao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - L Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - W Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - S C Liu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - H Q Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - M N Jia
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - W Feng
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - G Z Deng
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - L Q Hu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - B N Wan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - J Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Y W Sun
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - H Y Guo
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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24
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Pi Y, Gao ST, Ma L, Zhu YX, Wang JQ, Zhang JM, Xu JC, Bu DP. Effectiveness of rubber seed oil and flaxseed oil to enhance the α-linolenic acid content in milk from dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5719-5730. [PMID: 27179851 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate effect of rubber seed oil compared with flaxseed oil when fed alone or in combination on milk yield, milk composition, and α-linolenic acid (ALA) concentration in milk of dairy cows. Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments according to a completely randomized design. Cows were fed a basal diet (control; CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 4% rubber seed oil (RO), 4% flaxseed oil (FO), or 2% rubber seed oil plus 2% flaxseed oil (RFO) on a dry matter basis for 9 wk. Feed intake, milk protein percentage, and milk fat levels did not differ between the treatments. Cows fed the RO, FO, or RFO treatments had a higher milk yield than the CON group (up to 10.5% more), whereas milk fat percentages decreased. Compared with the CON, milk concentration of ALA was substantially higher in cows receiving RO or RFO, and was doubled in cows receiving FO. The ALA yield (g/d) increased by 31.0, 70.3, and 33.4% in milk from cows fed RO, FO, or RFO, respectively, compared with the CON. Both C18:1 trans-11 (vaccenic acid) and C18:2 cis-9,trans-11 (conjugated linoleic acid; CLA) levels were higher in cows fed added flaxseed or rubber seed oil. The CLA yield (g/d) increased by 336, 492, and 484% in cows fed RO, FO, or RFO, respectively, compared with the CON. The increase in vaccenic acid, ALA, and CLA was greater in cows fed RFO than in cows fed RO alone. Compared with the CON, the milk fat from cows fed any of the dietary supplements had a higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids; conversely, the saturated fatty acids levels in milk fat were 30.5% lower. Insulin and growth hormones were not affected by dietary treatments; however, we noted an increase in both cholesterol and nonesterified fatty acids levels in the RO, FO, or RFO treatments. These results indicate that rubber seed oil and flaxseed oil will increase milk production and the concentration of functional fatty acids (ALA, vaccenic acid, and CLA) in milk fat while decreasing the content of saturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pi
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - S T Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - L Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) Joint Laboratory on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Y X Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - J Q Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - J M Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - J C Xu
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; CAAS-ICRAF Joint Laboratory on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia Region, Kunming 650201, China
| | - D P Bu
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) Joint Laboratory on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100193, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Harbin, 150030, China.
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25
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Zhou Y, Xu JC, Xu CS. Co-expression network analysis prioritizes signaling pathways regulating liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7596. [PMID: 27173195 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15027596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The liver has extraordinary powers of regeneration following partial hepatectomy (PH). Changes in gene expression levels play a key role in cell proliferation and differentiation during liver regeneration (LR). To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying LR, this study was designed to assess the time-dependent changes in rat hepatic gene expression. We obtained a gene expression profile of rat LR with high temporal resolution. We then constructed gene co-expression networks of regenerating liver tissue and identified 13 LR-specific modules from 1772 differentially expressed genes, and prioritized signaling pathways that regulated LR after PH. The results indicated that adipocytokine signaling, histone acetylation, and IL-6-related pathways play an important role in LR. Co-expression network analysis provides novel insight into understanding the molecular mechanisms behind LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Computing Intelligence & Data Mining, College of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - J C Xu
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Computing Intelligence & Data Mining, College of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - C S Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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26
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Zhou Y, Xu JC, Jia YF, Xu CS. Role of death receptors in the regulation of hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis during rat liver regeneration. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:14066-75. [PMID: 26535721 DOI: 10.4238/2015.october.29.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The balance between hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis is critical for liver homeostasis during liver regeneration. We created a rat liver regeneration model by partial hepatectomy (PH) to investigate the overall mechanism that regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocytes. The Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array was used to investigate changes in the expression levels of genes associated with the known proliferation or apoptosis signaling pathways. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis 9.0 was used to determine interactions among these signaling pathways. The results revealed that the expression levels of multiple key genes in three death receptor (DR) pathways, Fas/FasL, TNFR/TNFα, and DR6, were significantly altered in hepatocytes after PH. The expression level of the gene encoding DR6 increased by over 100-fold, whereas the levels of the genes encoding Fas, FasL, and TNFα were increased by 2-4-fold 12 h after PH. Fas/FasL, TNFR/TNFα, and DR6 are known to participate in numerous cellular events including cell proliferation and apoptosis. Our results suggest that the DR6 pathway plays a major role in the regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis, whereas Fas/FasL and TNFR/TNFα pathways may have roles in coordinating signaling activities between proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - J C Xu
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Y F Jia
- Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - C S Xu
- Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Gao X, Huang SS, Yuan YY, Wang GJ, Xu JC, Ji YB, Han MY, Yu F, Kang DY, Lin X, Dai P. Targeted gene capture and massively parallel sequencing identify TMC1 as the causative gene in a six-generation Chinese family with autosomal dominant hearing loss. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2357-65. [PMID: 26079994 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary nonsyndromic hearing loss is extremely heterogeneous. Mutations in the transmembrane channel-like gene1 (TMC1) are known to cause autosomal dominant and recessive forms of nonsyndromic hearing loss linked to the loci of DFNA36 and DFNB7/11, respectively. We characterized a six-generation Chinese family (5315) with progressive, postlingual autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss (ADNSHL). By combining targeted capture of 82 known deafness genes, next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, we identified TMC1 c.1714G>A (p. D572N) as the disease-causing mutation. This mutation co-segregated with hearing loss in other family members and was not detected in 308 normal controls. In order to determine the prevalence of TMC1 c.1714G>A in Chinese ADNSHL families, we used DNA samples from 67 ADNSHL families with sloping audiogram and identified two families carry this mutation. To determine whether it arose from a common ancestor, we analyzed nine STR markers. Our results indicated that TMC1 c.1714G>A (p.D572N) account for about 4.4% (3/68) of ADNSHL in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P. R. China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Sha-Sha Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Yi Yuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jian Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Cao Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bin Ji
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yu Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Yang Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Pu Dai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P. R. China
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28
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Gao X, Su Y, Chen YL, Han MY, Yuan YY, Xu JC, Xin F, Zhang MG, Huang SS, Wang GJ, Kang DY, Guan LP, Zhang JG, Dai P. Identification of Two Novel Compound Heterozygous PTPRQ Mutations Associated with Autosomal Recessive Hearing Loss in a Chinese Family. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124757. [PMID: 25919374 PMCID: PMC4412678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PTPRQ are associated with deafness in humans due to defects of stereocilia in hair cells. Using whole exome sequencing, we identified responsible gene of family 1572 with autosomal recessively non-syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL). We also used DNA from 74 familial patients with ARNSHL and 656 ethnically matched control chromosomes to perform extended variant analysis. We identified two novel compound heterozygous missense mutations, c. 3125 A>G p.D1042G (maternal allele) and c.5981 A>G p.E1994G (paternal allele), in the PTPRQ gene, as the cause of recessively inherited sensorineural hearing loss in family 1572. Both variants co-segregated with hearing loss phenotype in family 1572, but were absent in 74 familial patients. Heterozygosity for c. 3125 A>G was identified in two samples from unaffected Chinese individuals (656 chromosomes). Therefore, the hearing loss in this family was caused by two novel compound heterozygous mutations in PTPRQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P. R. China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yu Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P. R. China
| | | | - Ming-Yu Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Yi Yuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Cao Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Guang Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Sha-Sha Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jian Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Yang Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Pu Dai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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29
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Hu MD, Wang GS, Xu J, Yao W, He BF, Yang Y, Mao M, Wang Q, Xu JC. Separation, purification, and identification of flagellin, and preparation of its antisera. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:9161-70. [PMID: 25501138 DOI: 10.4238/2014.november.7.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to separate, purify, and identify Salmonella paratyphi A flagellin, and to prepare its antisera. Primary flagellin was isolated from S. paratyphi A using the acid lysis method. The flagellin was purified with weak anion exchange chromatography and the protein was identified with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Western blot, and negative staining with phosphotungstic acid with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The production of the obtained flagellin was then quantified. New Zealand white rabbits were then immunized with the isolated flagellin, the presence of serum anti-flagellin antibodies was assessed with the immunoblot test, and its potency was determined with the double immunodiffusion test. The results of SDS-PAGE showed that the molecular weight (m.w.) of the purified flagellin was 52 x 10(3). The immunoblot test also showed a band at 52 x 10(3) m.w. The SEM results showed that the flagellin was filamentous. These three results showed that the protein was homogeneous. The protein quantification analysis found that 4.8 ± 0.5 mg flagellin could be extracted per 1 g wet weight bacteria. The titer of the anti-flagellin antiserum was 1:64. Through this method, we obtained high productions of flagellin, which could be easily purified, identified, and prepared into high titer antiserum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - G S Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - W Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - B F He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - M Mao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The 324th PLA Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The 59th PLA Hospital, Kaiyuan, Yunnan, China
| | - J C Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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30
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Gao X, Wang GJ, Yuan YY, Xin F, Han MY, Lu JQ, Zhao H, Yu F, Xu JC, Zhang MG, Dong J, Lin X, Dai P. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in MYO7A Associated with Usher syndrome 1 in a Chinese family. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103415. [PMID: 25080338 PMCID: PMC4117490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, age-dependent retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and occasionally vestibular dysfunction. The most severe form is Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1). Mutations in the MYO7A gene are responsible for USH1 and account for 29–55% of USH1 cases. Here, we characterized a Chinese family (no. 7162) with USH1. Combining the targeted capture of 131 known deafness genes, next-generation sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis, we identified two deleterious compound heterozygous mutations in the MYO7A gene: a reported missense mutation c.73G>A (p.G25R) and a novel nonsense mutation c.462C>A (p.C154X). The two compound variants are absent in 219 ethnicity-matched controls, co-segregates with the USH clinical phenotypes, including hearing loss, vestibular dysfunction, and age-dependent penetrance of progressive RP, in family 7162. Therefore, we concluded that the USH1 in this family was caused by compound heterozygous mutations in MYO7A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P. R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology, the Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Yi Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yu Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Qiao Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Cao Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, the Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Guang Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, the Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Dong
- Xi’an Research Institute of Hi_tech, Hongqing, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PD); (XL)
| | - Pu Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (PD); (XL)
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31
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Biaggi-Labiosa A, Solá F, Lebrón-Colón M, Evans LJ, Xu JC, Hunter G, Berger GM, González JM. A novel methane sensor based on porous SnO2 nanorods: room temperature to high temperature detection. Nanotechnology 2012; 23:455501. [PMID: 23064120 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/45/455501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We report for the first time a novel room temperature methane (CH(4)) sensor fabricated using porous tin oxide (SnO(2)) nanorods as the sensing material. The porous SnO(2) nanorods were synthesized by using multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as templates. Current versus time curves were obtained demonstrating the room temperature sensing capabilities of the sensor system when exposed to 0.25% CH(4) in air. The sensor also exhibited a wide temperature range for different concentrations of CH(4) (25-500 °C), making it useful in harsh environments as well.
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32
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Xu JC, Huang DL, Hou ZH, Guo WW, Sun JH, Zhao LD, Yu N, Young WY, He DZZ, Yang SM. Type I hair cell regeneration induced by Math1 gene transfer following neomycin ototoxicity in rat vestibular sensory epithelium. Acta Otolaryngol 2012; 132:819-28. [PMID: 22668196 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2012.673233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION In the current study, hair cells of vestibular terminal organs in rats were completely eliminated with trans-scala vestibuli injection of neomycin, and then the Math1 gene was transferred. It was shown that type I vestibular hair cells were regenerated and synapses were formed. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to identify the cell type of the regenerated vestibular hair cells and relative innervation and synaptic linkage after hair cells of vestibular terminal organs in rats were completely eliminated. METHODS Neomycin injection was used to eliminate all the vestibular terminal organs, and then the animals were treated with an injection of Ad-Math1-EGFP in the scala vestibuli of the cochlea. RESULTS Math1 gene transfer into the inner ear induced type I hair cell regeneration and synaptic formation. However, neither the number nor the appearance of the hair cells was normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cao Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Hunter GW, Xu JC, Biaggi-Labiosa AM, Laskowski D, Dutta PK, Mondal SP, Ward BJ, Makel DB, Liu CC, Chang CW, Dweik RA. Smart sensor systems for human health breath monitoring applications. J Breath Res 2011; 5:037111. [PMID: 21896970 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/5/3/037111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Breath analysis techniques offer a potential revolution in health care diagnostics, especially if these techniques can be brought into standard use in the clinic and at home. The advent of microsensors combined with smart sensor system technology enables a new generation of sensor systems with significantly enhanced capabilities and minimal size, weight and power consumption. This paper discusses the microsensor/smart sensor system approach and provides a summary of efforts to migrate this technology into human health breath monitoring applications. First, the basic capability of this approach to measure exhaled breath associated with exercise physiology is demonstrated. Building from this foundation, the development of a system for a portable asthma home health care system is described. A solid-state nitric oxide (NO) sensor for asthma monitoring has been identified, and efforts are underway to miniaturize this NO sensor technology and integrate it into a smart sensor system. It is concluded that base platform microsensor technology combined with smart sensor systems can address the needs of a range of breath monitoring applications and enable new capabilities for healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Hunter
- NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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34
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Ji LL, Shen BF, Li DX, Wang D, Leng YX, Zhang XM, Wen M, Wang WP, Xu JC, Yu YH. Relativistic single-cycled short-wavelength laser pulse compressed from a chirped pulse induced by laser-foil interaction. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:025001. [PMID: 20867711 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
By particle-in-cell simulation and analysis, we propose a plasma approach to generate a relativistic chirped pulse based on a laser-foil interaction. When two counterpropagating circularly polarized pulses interact with an overdense foil, the driving pulse (with a larger laser field amplitude) will accelerate the whole foil to form a double-layer structure, and the scattered pulse (with a smaller laser field amplitude) is reflected by this flying layer. Because of the Doppler effect and the varying velocity of the layer, the reflected pulse is up-shifted for frequency and chirped; thus, it could be compressed to a nearly single-cycled relativistic laser pulse with a short wavelength. Simulations show that a nearly single-cycled subfemtosecond relativistic pulse can be generated with a wavelength of 0.2 μm after dispersion compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Ji
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 800-211, Shanghai 201800, China
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35
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Ji LL, Shen BF, Zhang XM, Wang FC, Jin ZY, Xia CQ, Wen M, Wang WP, Xu JC, Yu MY. Generating quasi-single-cycle relativistic laser pulses by laser-foil interaction. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:215005. [PMID: 20366047 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.215005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A scheme for producing nearly single-cycle relativistic laser pulses is proposed. When a laser pulse interacts with an overdense thin foil, because of self-consistent nonlinear modulation, the latter will be more transparent to the more intense part of the laser, so that a transmitted pulse can be much shorter than the incident pulse. Using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation and analytical modeling, it is found that a transmitted pulse of duration 4 fs and peak intensity 3 x 10{20} W/cm{2} can be generated from a circularly polarized laser pulse. The intensity of the resulting pulse is only limited by that of the incident pulse, since this scheme involves only laser-plasma interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Ji
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Post Office Box 800-211, Shanghai 201800, China
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36
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Jiang Z, Wu CL, Woda BA, Iczkowski KA, Chu PG, Tretiakova MS, Young RH, Weiss LM, Blute RD, Brendler CB, Krausz T, Xu JC, Rock KL, Amin MB, Yang XJ. Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase: a multi-institutional study of a new prostate cancer marker. Histopathology 2004; 45:218-25. [PMID: 15330799 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01930.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test whether alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) is a sensitive and specific marker of prostate cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression levels of AMACR mRNA were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. A total of 807 prostatic specimens were further examined by immunohistochemistry specific for AMACR. Quantitative immunostaining analyses were carried out by using the ChromaVision Automated Cellular Imaging System and the Ariol SL-50 Imaging System, respectively. AMACR mRNA levels measured in prostatic adenocarcinoma were 55 times higher than those in benign prostate tissue. Of 454 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma, 441 were positive for AMACR, while 254 of 277 cases of benign prostate were negative for AMACR. The sensitivity and specificity of AMACR immunodetection of prostatic adenocarcinomas were 97% and 92%, respectively. Both positive and negative predictive values were 95%. By automatic imaging analyses, the AMACR immunostaining intensity and percentage in prostatic adenocarcinomas were also significantly higher than those in benign prostatic tissue (105.9 versus 16.1 for intensity, 45.7% versus 0.02% and 35.03% versus 4.64% for percentage, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the promising features of AMACR as a biomarker for prostate cancer in this large series and the potential to develop automated quantitative diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Jiang
- University of Massachusetts medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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37
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Abstract
The oxidation state of structural iron (Fe) in clay minerals exerts a large influence on clay surface chemistry and may affect the adsorption and degradation of pesticides in the environment. This effect, however, has been little investigated. In the present study, herbicides atrazine and alachlor were reacted with ferruginous smectite (sample SWa-1) in its oxidized, reduced (either chemically or bacterially), and reduced-reoxidized states. In some experiments the herbicide was labeled with 14C. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was also used to detect alachlor degradation products. Compared to oxidized clays, reduction by both chemical and microbial treatments decreased the concentration of both herbicides in the surrounding solution. Reoxidized clay exhibited behavior similar to the oxidized clay. Hydrolysis-dechlorination of atrazine occurred in the presence of chemically reduced SWa-1, and GC-MS analysis of alachlor revealed at least 14 degradation products after treatment with reduced clay and only two with the oxidized clay. Interaction of atrazine and alachlor with the clay may be through a H bond with the waters of hydration surrounding interlayer cations, the extent of which should increase with increasing acidity; but under reduced conditions, the validity of this model is unclear. Reduction of structural Fe may affect pH-dependent phenomena in two ways: The increased surface charge density increases the number of hydrated interlayer cations, thereby enhancing surface acidity, and increased electron density at basal surface oxygens increases their Brønsted basicity. Atrazine could, therefore, adsorb and/or degrade through either acid or alkaline hydrolysis pathways. Increased reduction potential of the reduced clay surfaces may also promote degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Xu
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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38
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Xu JC, Weerasuriya YM, Bennetzen JL. [Construction of genetic map in sorghum and fine mapping of the germination stimulant production gene response to Striga asiatica]. Yi Chuan Xue Bao 2001; 28:870-6. [PMID: 11582748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum is the fifth important crop in the world. It is also the major food resource in African countries. Striga asiatica is a parasitism weed on sorghum and some other important crops. In this report, two sorghum lines with the difference in response to Striga asiatica, SRN39 (lower Germination Stimulant-GermStim production) and Shanguihong (high GermStim production), were selected as the parents for the construction of a recombinant inbred (RI) population. Ninety-four RI lines were collected for the molecular analysis and GermStim production evaluation. A genetic map was constructed with 251 molecular markers that distributed on 10 different linkage groups. The map covers sorghum genome of 1,779 cm with an average map distance of 7.1 cm between linked markers. It is one of the complete sorghum molecular map in the world. Co-segregation analysis indicated that the germination stimulant gene (GermStim) was located on linkage group J, which was at a distance of 13 cm from the closed marker. Further RAPD analysis between two parents and two DNA pools different in the amount of germination stimulant production, several polymorphic DNA fragments were identified and cloned. Mapping results showed two of them flanked with the GermStim gene at a distance of 1.6 cm and 2.1 cm respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Xu
- Department of Sciences, Purdue University, USA
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39
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Abstract
Novel and highly efficient immonium-, pyridinium- and thiazolium-type peptide coupling reagents, such as BOMI, BDMP, BPMP, BEP, FEP, BEPH, FEPH and BEMT, were developed by rational modifying of the molecular structures of commonly used uronium-type reagents. The high efficiency of these onium salts has been evaluated and proven by model reaction tests and the successful synthesis of various oligopeptides and biologically active peptides, both in solution and in the solid-phase, for example Leu-enkephalin, the pentapeptide moiety of Dolastatin 15 and the immunosuppressive undecapeptide cyclosporin O. Based upon these results, the relationship between the molecular structure and the capability of onium-type peptide coupling reagents was studied. A preliminary guideline for the molecular design of onium-type coupling reagents was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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40
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Xu JC, Li JZ, Zheng XW, Zou LX, Zhu LH. [QTL mapping of the root traits in rice seedling]. Yi Chuan Xue Bao 2001; 28:433-8. [PMID: 11441656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Drought resistance is one of the most important traits in rice abiotic study. The report here analyzed several major root traits affecting drought resistance expression with the double haploid population (DH) from ZYQ8 (indica)/JX17 (japonica) containing 127 lines. After 10 days solution culturing, three rice root traits, Maximum Root Length (MRL), Dry Root Weight (DRW) and Root/Shoot Ratio of Dry Weight (RSR), were revealed existing significant difference among the DH lines. Using the constructed molecular linkage map from this segregating population, the QTL mapping was conducted among these three root parameters. MRL, DRW, and RSR were found being controlled by 2/1/2 QTLs respectively in JX17, 2/0/1 QTLs respectively in ZYQ8. Phenotype variance could be explained by 16.4% and 17.0% for MRL, 16.4% for DRW, 10.4% and 19.9% for RSR in JX17, 19.6% and 13.0% for MRL, 13.2% for RSR in ZYQ8. All these QTLs identified were distributed on rice chromosome 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 and 10. Comparing with the other mapping results, one QTL for each trait (L169-CT106A for MRL, G45-G1314A for DRW, G62-G144 for RSR) was identical with the results reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Xu
- Institute of Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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41
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Li P, Xu JC. Total synthesis of cyclosporin O both in solution and in the solid phase using novel thiazolium-, immonium-, and pyridinium-type coupling reagents: BEMT, BDMP, and BEP. J Org Chem 2000; 65:2951-8. [PMID: 10814183 DOI: 10.1021/jo991687c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporin O (1), an extensively N-methylated immunosuppressive cyclic undecapeptide isolated from Tolypocladium inflatum Gams, was synthesized in 20-23% overall yield via 4 + 7 segment condensation and cyclization by the combined utilization of novel thiazolium- and immonium-type peptide coupling reagents 2-bromo-3-ethyl-4-methyl thiazolium tetrafluoroborate (BEMT) and 5-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-3,4-dihydro-1-methyl 2H-pyrrolium hexachloroantimonate (BDMP) as well as compound 2-bromo-1-ethyl pyridinium tetrafluoroborate (BEP). BEMT and BEP, which have been proven to be very efficient for the coupling of peptide segments containing N-alkylated amino acid residues with respect to the fast reaction speed, low racemization, and high yields, were used to construct hindered amide bonds in CsO with the addition of HOAt, whereas the most efficient HOBt-derived immonium type reagent, BDMP, was used to perform the coupling of coded amino acids in CsO. Thus, the highly hindered protected 8-11 tetrapeptide 25 was successfully synthesized using BEMT in 65% yield, and the 1-7 heptapeptide 21 was obtained in 52-55% yield by the rationally combined utilization of BDMP, BEMT, and BEP. The synthesis of the linear undecapeptide 27 of CsO in the solid phase using BEMT and BEP was accomplished for the further evaluation of the effectiveness of these reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Li
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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42
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Li P, Xu JC. (1H-benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-N,N-dimethylmethaniminium hexachloroantimonate (BOMI), a novel coupling reagent for solution and solid-phase peptide synthesis. J Pept Res 2000; 55:110-9. [PMID: 10784027 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2000.00158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A HOBt-based immonium-type compound,(1H-benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-N,N-dimethyl methaniminium hexachloroantimonate (BOMI), was synthesized and successfully applied to the synthesis of various oligopeptides with good yields. The estimation of racemization and the influence of several reaction parameters such as solvents, bases and temperature were studied by HPLC using a model reaction. It was found that the reactivity of BOMI was much higher than that of HOBt-based phosphonium- and uronium-type coupling reagents. Moreover, its racemization was lower than that of other HOBt-derived coupling reagents. The effectiveness of BOMI was also demonstrated by the synthesis of Leu-enkephalin both in solution and in the solid-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Li
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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43
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Hoffman M, Xu JC, Lesser M, Rai K. Cytotoxicity of 2-chlorodeoxadenosine (cladribine, 2-cdA) in combination with other chemotherapy drugs against two lymphoma cell lines. Leuk Lymphoma 1999; 33:141-5. [PMID: 10194131 DOI: 10.3109/10428199909093735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cladribine is a purine analog with impressive activity in patients with low-grade lymphoproliferative disorders. We studied the combination of cladribine with other antineoplastic drugs against two human-derived B-cell lymphoma cell lines in vitro. Cladribine was combined with cisplatin, daunorubicin, chlorambucil, paclitaxel or etoposide. Under the experimental conditions studied, only the combination of cladribine and cisplatin showed significantly increased cytotoxicity compared to the effect of either drug alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center campus of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York, USA.
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44
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Hoffman M, Xu JC, Smith C, Fanelli C, Pascal V, Degaetano C, Meenan G, Lehrer M, Lesser M, Citron M. A pharmacodynamic study of morphine and its glucuronide metabolites after single morphine dosing in cancer patients with pain. Cancer Invest 1997; 15:542-7. [PMID: 9412659 DOI: 10.3109/07357909709047595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Eleven morphine naïve patients with cancer-related pain were given a single dose of either intravenous morphine (n = 5) or oral morphine (n = 6). Blood sampling was performed over a 24-hr period and serial pain assessments were made using a categorical scale. Plasma samples were analyzed for morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide (M-6-G), morphine-3-glucuronide (M-3-G), and normorphine using high-performance liquid chromatography. In neither the intravenous nor oral group was there a correlation between analgesia duration and the half-lives of morphine and M-6-G. There was no correlation between the time to peak analgesia and time to peak concentration for morphine or M-6-G. There was no significant difference in absolute concentrations of M-6-G or M-3-6 nor in the ratio of M-3-G to M-6-G at peak analgesia versus relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
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45
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Maheswaran M, Subudhi PK, Nandi S, Xu JC, Parco A, Yang DC, Huang N. Polymorphism, distribution, and segregation of AFLP markers in a doubled haploid rice population. Theor Appl Genet 1997; 94:39-45. [PMID: 19352743 DOI: 10.1007/s001220050379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/1996] [Accepted: 06/14/1996] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We exploited the newly developed amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique to study the polymorphism, distribution and inheritance of AFLP markers with a doubled haploid rice population derived from 'IR64'/'Azucena'. Using only 20 pairs of primer combinations, we detected 945 AFLP bands of which 208 were polymorphic. All 208 AFLP markers were mapped and distributed over all 12 chromosomes. When these were compared with RFLP markers already mapped in the population, we found the AFLP markers to be highly polymorphic in rice and to follow Mendelian segregation. As linkage map of rice can be generated rapidly with AFLP markers they will be very useful for marker-assisted backcrossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maheswaran
- International Rice Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philippines
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46
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Cao WW, Kao PN, Aoki Y, Xu JC, Shorthouse RA, Morris RE. A novel mechanism of action of the immunomodulatory drug, leflunomide: augmentation of the immunosuppressive cytokine, TGF-beta 1, and suppression of the immunostimulatory cytokine, IL-2. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:3079-80. [PMID: 8962191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W W Cao
- Probe ID/Department, Chiron Corp, Emeryville, California, USA
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47
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Xu JC, Vera DR, Stadalnik RC. Automatic preparation of radiopharmacokinetic data for in vivo estimation of receptor biochemistry. J Nucl Med 1996; 37:1896-902. [PMID: 8917199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We present a fully automated region of interest (ROI) and motion correction program for the generation of heart and liver time-activity data resulting from a hepatic functional imaging study using [99mTc-]galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin (99mTc-NGA). METHODS The program automatically draws heart and liver ROI and corrects for lateral movement of the subject. Eighty-four 99mTc-NGA studies, consisting of 32 healthy subjects and 52 patients with liver disease, were processed and submitted to an automated kinetic analysis that estimates the subject's asialoglycoprotein receptor concentration [R]o. RESULTS When compared to time-activity data generated by operator-drawn ROIs without motion correction, the average reduced Chi-square of the kinetic analysis decreased significantly (p < 0.001) from 2.20 to 1.37 and the number of studies that satisfied quality control increased from 74 to 81 studies. Receiver operating characteristic of [R]o resulted in greater detectability (0.984 +/- 0.012 compared with 0.965 +/- 0.020) when automatic ROI generation was employed. Using the test criteria of 0.65 microM, the sensitivity of [R]o increased from 0.88 to 0.92 and the specificity increased from 0.96 to 0.97. CONCLUSION Automated definition of liver and heart ROIs with motion correction, that reduces observational noise, increased the success rate of the radiopharmacokinetic analysis from 88% to 96%.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento 95817, USA
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Rathmell JC, Townsend SE, Xu JC, Flavell RA, Goodnow CC. Expansion or elimination of B cells in vivo: dual roles for CD40- and Fas (CD95)-ligands modulated by the B cell antigen receptor. Cell 1996; 87:319-29. [PMID: 8861915 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Signals from CD4+ T cells induce two opposite fates in B cells: clonal proliferation of B cells that bind specifically to foreign antigens and clonal deletion of equivalent B cells that bind self-antigens. This B cell fate decision is determined by the concerted action of two surface proteins on activated T cells, CD40-and Fas-ligands (CD40L and FasL), whose effects are switched by signals from the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). Foreign antigens that stimulate the BCR acutely cause CD40L and FasL to promote clonal proliferation. CD40L and FasL trigger deletion, however, when the BCRs become desensitized by chronic stimulation with self-antigens or when BCRs have not bound an antigen. The need for both Fas and CD40L to correctly regulate self-reactive B cell fate may explain the severe autoantibody disorders in Fas- or CD40L-deficient children.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Rathmell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, California 94305, USA
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49
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Soong L, Xu JC, Grewal IS, Kima P, Sun J, Longley BJ, Ruddle NH, McMahon-Pratt D, Flavell RA. Disruption of CD40-CD40 ligand interactions results in an enhanced susceptibility to Leishmania amazonensis infection. Immunity 1996; 4:263-73. [PMID: 8624816 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To study the role of CD40 ligand (CD40L) in the host immune responses against intracellular pathogens, we infected CD40L knockout (CD40L-/-) mice with Leishmania amazonensis. Although wild-type mice were susceptible to infection and developed progressive ulcerative lesions, tissue parasite burdens in CD40L-/- mice were significantly higher. This heightened susceptibility to infection was associated with an impaired T cell and macrophage activation and altered inflammatory response, as reflected by low levels of IFN gamma, lymphotoxin-tumor necrosis factor (LT-TNF), and nitric oxide (NO) production. Furthermore, CD40L-/- mice failed to generate a protective immune response after immunization. These results indicate an essential role of cognate CD40-CD40L interactions in the generation of cellular immune responses against an intracellular parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Soong
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8011, USA
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50
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Abstract
The Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC) is present in most animal cells where it functions in cell volume homeostasis and epithelial salt transport. We developed six monoclonal antibodies (designated T4, T8, T9, T10, T12, and T14) against a fusion protein fragment encompassing the carboxy-terminal 310 amino acids of the human colonic NKCC. These T antibodies selectively recognized putative NKCC proteins in a diverse variety of animal tissues. Western blot analysis of membranes isolated from 23 types of cells identified single bands of immunoreactive protein ranging in mass from 146 to 205 kDa. The amount of immunoreactive protein detected in these cells correlated with loop diuretic binding site density. Proteins identified previously as Na-K-Cl cotransporters by loop diuretic photoaffinity labeling were mutually recognized by multiple T antibodies. Most of the T antibodies effectively immunoprecipitated the denatured form of the NKCC protein. Immunocytochemical studies on the rabbit parotid gland demonstrated that NKCC is restricted to the basolateral margin of the acinar cells and absent from the ducts, in accord with the central role of Na-K-Cl cotransport in chloride secretion. In the rabbit kidney, NKCC was localized to the apical membrane of thick ascending limb cells, consistent with its role in chloride reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lytle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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