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Sales DP, Silva-Junior MHS, Tavares CP, Sousa IC, Sousa DM, Brito DRB, Camargo AM, Leite RC, Faccini JLH, Lopes WDZ, Labruna MB, Luz HR, Costa-Junior LM. Biology of the non-parasitic phase of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in an area of Amazon influence. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:129. [PMID: 38486221 PMCID: PMC10938741 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is the most important tick species affecting cattle in the world. Under field conditions, the non-parasitic phase of R. (B.) microplus is unknown in the Amazon biome, including Brazil. The present study aimed to evaluate the non-parasitic phase of R. (B.) microplus in field (grass plots) and laboratory conditions. METHODS The study was conducted from September 2020 to April 2022 in an Amazonian region (Maranhão State, Brazil). We evaluated the biological parameters of R. (B.) microplus under laboratory and field conditions. Engorged females were exposed to experimental conditions every 14 days, totaling 20 months of study. The following biological parameters were observed: pre-oviposition period, egg mass incubation period, and maximum larval survival period. RESULTS Abiotic data (e.g., temperature and humidity) varied little throughout the year. Precipitation was the factor that varied the most throughout the year (dry ~ 30 mm3 and rain 400 mm3), and the parameters of pre-oviposition and pre-hatching are longer during the rainy season. A possible negative effect of the dry season on the percentage of hatched eggs was observed. Larval longevity in the plots of both control and free females was short (mean ~ 50-60 days), below that recorded for larvae under controlled conditions (mean ~ 95 days). CONCLUSIONS Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus was able to complete its non-parasitic phase by producing host-seeking larvae in the pasture during all months of the study. The results indicate that R. (B.) microplus can complete up to six generations per year in biome Amazon. To our knowledge, this is the highest number of annual generations for R. (B.) microplus in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela P Sales
- Post-Graduation Program in Animal Health Defense, State University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Caio P Tavares
- Laboratory of Parasite Control, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Isabella C Sousa
- Laboratory of Parasite Control, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Dauana M Sousa
- Laboratory of Parasite Control, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Danilo R B Brito
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - André M Camargo
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Romário Cerqueira Leite
- Post-Graduation Program in Animal Health Defense, State University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - J L H Faccini
- Post‑Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Welber D Z Lopes
- School of Veterinary and Zootechny of the Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marcelo B Labruna
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hermes R Luz
- Laboratory of Parasite Control, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
- Post‑Graduation Program in Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Biodiversity and Conservation, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Livio M Costa-Junior
- Laboratory of Parasite Control, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Rocha JM, de Oliveira PB, Martins TF, Faccini JLH, P Sevá A, Luz HR, Albuquerque GR. Diversity of ticks and detection of Rickettsia amblyommatis infecting ticks on wild birds in anthropogenic landscapes in Bahia state, northeast Brazil. Exp Appl Acarol 2021; 84:227-239. [PMID: 33891225 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-021-00616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Birds are important hosts in the maintenance and spread of ticks worldwide, including several species of Amblyomma which harbor rickettsial agents as members of the spotted fever group (SFG). The current survey shows the diversity of tick and rickettsial agents infecting ticks on wild birds from an Atlantic rainforest in the state of Bahia, Brazil. A total of 365 birds were captured, representing two orders, 22 families and 51 species, among which 68 specimens (18.6%) were parasitized. Overall, 132 immature ticks (81 larvae and 51 nymphs) were identified to species level, representing six recognized species of the genus Amblyomma: Amblyomma longirostre (n = 45), Amblyomma nodosum (n = 40), Amblyomma varium (n = 5), Amblyomma parkeri (n = 2), Amblyomma coelebs (n = 3) and Amblyomma calcaratum (n = 1). Amplification by PCR and sequencing of rickettsial genes (gltA and ompA), detected the presence of Rickettsia DNA in 12 (9.1%) of the ticks. Rickettsia amblyommatis was the only agent detected in nine larvae and two nymphs of A. longirostre and one nymph of A. varium with 99-100% similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane M Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, UESC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Philipe B de Oliveira
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Grantee of The CNPq, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Thiago F Martins
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Luiz H Faccini
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Grantee of The CNPq, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Anaiá P Sevá
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, UESC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Hermes R Luz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia/Renorbio, Ponto Focal Maranhão, Universidade Federal Do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - George R Albuquerque
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, UESC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil.
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Martins TF, Luz HR, Muñoz-Leal S, Ramirez DG, Milanelo L, Marques S, Sanches TC, Onofrio VC, da C.L.Acosta I, Benatti HR, Maturano R, de Oliveira PB, Albuquerque GR, Marcili A, Flausino W, Silveira LF, McIntosh D, Faccini JLH, Labruna MB. A new species of Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodidae) associated with monkeys and passerines of the Atlantic rainforest biome, Southeastern Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:101259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Luz HR, Muñoz-Leal S, de Carvalho WD, Castro IJ, Xavier BS, Toledo JJ, Hilário R, Acosta ICL, Faccini JLH, Labruna MB. Detection of "Candidatus Rickettsia wissemanii" in ticks parasitizing bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in the northern Brazilian Amazon. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:3185-3189. [PMID: 31473856 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A total of 482 bats representing 32 species and two families were captured in the Amazon forests of the Amapá state in northern Brazil. Nineteen Artibeus planirostris bats (3.9 %) were infested with 160 ticks, all identified as Ornithodoros hasei. Three pools of larvae were screened for rickettsial DNA via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting three rickettsial genes: gltA, ompA and htrA. Only one of them yielded an amplicons of the expected size for all three molecular assays. Comparisons of the obtained sequences including a phylogenetic analysis confirmed the occurrence of "Candidatus Rickettsia wissemanii" in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermes R Luz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia do RENORBIO, Ponto Focal Maranhão, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil. .,Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sebastián Muñoz-Leal
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William D de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Isaí J Castro
- Laboratório de Mamíferos, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá (IEPA), Macapá, Brazil
| | - Bruna S Xavier
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José J Toledo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Renato Hilário
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Igor C L Acosta
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Luiz H Faccini
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo B Labruna
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Martins TF, Luz HR, Faccini JLH, Labruna MB. Life-cycle of Amblyomma oblongoguttatum (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions. Exp Appl Acarol 2017; 71:415-424. [PMID: 28493036 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated for the first time the life cycle of Amblyomma oblongoguttatum in the laboratory. For this purpose, larvae and nymphs were exposed to Gallus gallus (chicks), Rattus norvegicus (wistar rat), Calomys callosus (vesper mouse), Oryctolagus cuniculus (domestic rabbit), Cavia porcellus (guinea pig), and Didelphis albiventris (white-eared opossum). Nymphs were exposed to G. gallus, C. callosus, C. porcellus, O. cuniculus, R. norvegicus, and Nectomys squamipes (water rat). Adult ticks were exposed to domestic dogs. The life-cycle of A. oblongoguttatum in the laboratory could be completed in an average period of 188 days, considering prefeeding periods of 25 days for each of the parasitic stages. Under laboratory conditions, none of the host species was highly suitable for A. oblongoguttatum larvae, since the recovery rates of engorged larvae were always <15%, or most of the times ≤5%. Similar results were obtained for nymphs, with recovery rates of engorged nymphs always <6%. Our results, coupled with literature data, suggest that small mammals, especially small rodents, do not have an important role in the life-cycle of A. oblongoguttatum under field conditions. Domestic dogs showed to be highly suitable for the adult stage of A. oblongoguttatum, in agreement with literature data that have appointed dogs as important hosts for the adult stage of A. oblongoguttatum in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago F Martins
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Hermes R Luz
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Luiz H Faccini
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo B Labruna
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil.
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Luz HR, McIntosh D, Furusawa GP, Flausino W, Rozental T, Lemos ERS, Landulfo GA, Faccini JLH. Infection of Amblyomma ovale with Rickettsia species Atlantic rainforest in Serra do Mar, São Paulo State, Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:1265-1267. [PMID: 27430967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia sp. strain Atlantic rainforest, that is considered to represent a genetic variant of Rickettsia parkeri, are confirmed as being capable of infecting humans in Brazil. This study reports the detection and characterization, by PCR and nucleotide sequencing, of Rickettsia sp. strain Atlantic rain forest in Amblyomma ovale parasitizing a human, in ticks infesting dogs and in free-living ticks collected from the environment where the human infestation was recorded. The data contribute to our knowledge of infection rates in A. ovale with Rickettsia sp. strain Atlantic rainforest and identified an additional location in the state of São Paulo populated with ticks infected with this emerging pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermes Ribeiro Luz
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Douglas McIntosh
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme P Furusawa
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Walter Flausino
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Rozental
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCruz, Pavilhão Hélio e Peggy Pereira, 1° andar, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Elba R S Lemos
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCruz, Pavilhão Hélio e Peggy Pereira, 1° andar, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel A Landulfo
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Luiz H Faccini
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
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Landulfo GA, Luz HR, Sampaio JS, Faccini JLH, Barros-Battesti DM. Life Cycle of Amblyomma romitii (Acari: Ixodidae) Under Laboratory Conditions. J Med Entomol 2016; 53:48-53. [PMID: 26487244 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The life cycle of Amblyomma romitii Tonelli-Rondelli, 1939 is reported for the first time, using rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) for larvae and capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) for nymphs and adults, as experimental hosts. Developmental periods of free-living stages were observed in an incubator at 27 ± 1°C, 80 ± 10% relative humidity (RH), and 24-h darkness. The life cycle of A. romitii in the laboratory could be completed in an average period of 216.4 d. The overall sex ratio (M:F) was 1:1.4. The results showed that rabbits are quite suitable as experimental hosts for the larval stages of A. romitii, while capybaras are suitable experimental hosts for nymphs and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Landulfo
- Special Laboratory of the Zoological Collection, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (; ), Department of Animal Parasitology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil (; ; ), and
| | - H R Luz
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil (; ; ), and
| | - J S Sampaio
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil (; ; ), and
| | - J L H Faccini
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil (; ; ), and
| | - D M Barros-Battesti
- Special Laboratory of the Zoological Collection, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (; ), Department of Animal Parasitology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil (; ; ), and
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Tucci EC, Soares NM, Faccini JLH, Vilas Boas D. Additional information about a mange outbreak by Allopsoroptoides galli (Acari: Psoroptoididae) in commercial laying hens in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Pesq Vet Bras 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2014000800009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports additional information about a mange outbreak by the mite Allopsoroptoides galli in a commercial egg-laying hen facility in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. About half of the 76,000 multi-age birds of the flock were affected. Experimental infestations carried out on naive hens resulted in clinical signs similar to those diagnosed in naturally infested hens, such as generalized scaly dermatitis, presence of mucus-like material and yellowish crusts on the skin and around the calami, feather loss and strong unpleasant odor. About 30% drop of egg production was estimated. The possible source of infestation were wild birds identified on the ground and roofs of the sheds.
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Barros-Battesti DM, Ramirez DG, Sampaio JDS, Famadas KM, Faccini JLH, Nunes PH, Martins TF, Ogrzewalska M, Labruna MB, Marcili A, Barbieri FDS. Description of larva of Amblyomma romitii (Acari: Ixodidae) by optical and scanning electron microscopy, including porotaxy and phylogenetic analysis. Exp Appl Acarol 2013; 60:271-280. [PMID: 23114657 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-012-9631-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The description of the larva of Amblyomma romitii Tonelli-Rondelli is based on optical and scanning electron microscopy. Larvae were obtained under laboratory conditions from an engorged female collected on capybara from Rurópolis municipality, State of Pará, Northern Brazil. Several characters are presented including the chaetotaxy of idiosoma, palpi and Haller's organ. The larval porotaxy (topographical and numerical patterns of integumentary structures) was presented and compared to that of the other Amblyomma spp. larvae. The mitochondrial 16S rDNA partial sequence of A. romitii generated in the present study was aligned with sequences previously determined for other Amblyomma species available in Genbank and with some species presently sequenced. The larval morphology of A. romitii and other Neotropical Amblyomma spp. larvae is discussed as well as the DNA sequence and its phylogenetic position among other species of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darci M Barros-Battesti
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil.
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Cançado PHD, Faccini JLH, Herrera HM, Tavares LER, Mourão GM, Piranda EM, Paes RCS, Ribeiro CCDU, Borghesan TC, Piacenti AK, Kinas MA, Santos CC, Ono TM, Paiva F. Host-Parasite Relationship of Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae and Argasidae) and Feral Pigs (Sus scrofa) in the Nhecolândia Region of the Pantanal Wetlands in Mato Grosso do Sul. ISRN Parasitol 2013; 2013:610262. [PMID: 27335855 PMCID: PMC4890957 DOI: 10.5402/2013/610262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Feral pigs (S. scrofa) were introduced to the Pantanal region around 200 years ago and the population appears to be in expansion. Its eradication is considered to be impossible. The population of feral pigs in the Pantanal wetlands is currently estimated at one million. Two scientific excursions were organized. The first was conducted during the dry season, when 21 feral pigs were captured and the second was during the wet season, when 23 feral pigs were captured. Ticks were collected and the oviposition and hatching process were studied to confirm the biological success of each tick species. Three tick species were found to be feeding on feral pigs: Amblyomma cajennense, A. parvum, and Ornithodoros rostratus. During the dry season, 178 adult A. cajennense were collected, contrasting with 127 A. cajennense specimens in the wet season. This suggests that the seasonality of these ticks in the Brazilian Pantanal wetlands could be different from other regions. The results indicate that A. parvum and A. cajennense are biologically successful parasites in relation to feral pigs. A. cajennense appears to have adapted to this tick-host relationship, as well as the areas where feral pigs are abundant, and could play a role in the amplification of this tick population.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H D Cançado
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Av. Rádio Maia 830, 79002-970 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - J L H Faccini
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - H M Herrera
- Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, 79117-010 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - L E R Tavares
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79080-190 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - G M Mourão
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation-CPAP, Wild Life Laboratory, 79320-900 Corumbá, MS, Brazil
| | - E M Piranda
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79080-190 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - R C S Paes
- Agência Estadual de Defesa Sanitária Animal e Vegetal de Mato Grosso do Sul-IAGRO, 79074-902 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - C C D U Ribeiro
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - T C Borghesan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Relação Patógeno-Hospedeiro-ICB/USP, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A K Piacenti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal-UFMS, 79080-190 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - M A Kinas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação-UFMS, 79080-190 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - C C Santos
- Associação de Proprietários de RPPN do MS, 79002 004 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - T M Ono
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal-UFMS, 79080-190 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - F Paiva
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79080-190 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Abstract
House dust mite antigens have been used for decades to diagnose allergic diseases in humans and animals. The objective of this study was to identify allergens in commercial Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis extracts by immunoblotting using sera from allergic dogs and anti-dog IgE conjugate. The analysis of antigens present in the D. farinae extract (FDA Allergenic) using sera from 10 dogs allergic to D. farinae showed that eight sera recognized a band of approximately 102 kDa, eight recognized two bands of 52 to 76 kDa, five recognized one band of approximately 76 kDa, four recognized one band of 31 to 38 kDa, and two recognized one band of 12 to 17 kDa. Immunoblot assays of the B. tropicalis extract (FDA Allergenic) using sera from 10 animals allergic to B. tropicalis showed that five sera recognized two bands of 52 to 76 kDa. These results demonstrate the importance of the two house dust mite species for the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis in Brazil. In addition, the results indicate which allergens should be present in allergenic extracts used for diagnosis and allergen-specific immunotherapy.
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Piranda EM, Faccini JLH, Pinter A, Pacheco RC, Cançado PH, Labruna MB. Experimental Infection ofRhipicephalus sanguineusTicks with the BacteriumRickettsia rickettsii, Using Experimentally Infected Dogs. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011; 11:29-36. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2009.0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eliane M. Piranda
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Escola Superior Batista do Amazonas (ESBAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - João Luiz H. Faccini
- Institute of Veterinary, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriano Pinter
- Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, SUCEN, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard C. Pacheco
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Paulo H.D. Cançado
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Escola Superior Batista do Amazonas (ESBAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo B. Labruna
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Faccini JLH, Cardoso ACB, Onofrio VC, Labruna MB, Barros-Battesti DM. The life cycle of Amblyomma auricularium (Acari: Ixodidae) using rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) as experimental host. Exp Appl Acarol 2010; 50:71-77. [PMID: 19554463 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-009-9281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The life cycle of Amblyomma auricularium (Conil) is reported for the first time, using rabbits as experimental host. Developmental periods of free-living stages were observed in an incubator at 27 +/- 1 degrees C, 80 +/- 10% RH and 24 h darkness. The complete life cycle, including pre-feeding periods for each parasitic stage, ranged from 97 to 162 days. The overall sex ratio was 1.16:1 (M:F). Feeding and premolt periods, molting success, and engorgement weight of nymphs were statistically different between males and females (P < 0.01), but because their ranges overlapped, they cannot be used to predict the sex with accuracy. The potential role of rabbits as experimental hosts for rearing A. auricularium in the laboratory is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Luiz H Faccini
- Instituto de Veterinária, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 23890-000, Brazil.
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Cunha VES, Faccini JLH. Use of histamine phosphate for the interpretation of intradermal skin tests in dogs. Vet Rec 2009; 165:723-724. [PMID: 20008347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V E S Cunha
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 23890-000, Brazil.
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Freitas LHT, Faccini JLH, Labruna MB. Experimental infection of the rabbit tick, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris, with the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, and comparative biology of infected and uninfected tick lineages. Exp Appl Acarol 2009; 47:321-345. [PMID: 19067185 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-008-9220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study consisted of two experiments that evaluated experimental infections of Haemaphysalis leporispalustris ticks by a Brazilian strain of Rickettsia rickettsii, and their effect on tick biology. In experiment I, ticks were exposed to R. rickettsii during the larval, nymphal or adult stages by feeding on rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) needle-inoculated with R. rickettsii, and thereafter reared on uninfected rabbits for the entire next tick generation. Regardless of the tick stage that acquired the infection, all subsequent tick stages were shown to be infected by PCR (infection rates varying from 1.3 to 41.7%), and were able to transmit R. rickettsii to uninfected rabbits, as demonstrated by rabbit seroconversion, guinea pig inoculation with rabbit blood, and PCR on rabbit blood. In Experiment II, ticks were exposed to R. rickettsii during the larval stage by feeding on rabbits co-infested with R. rickettsii-infected adult ticks, and thereafter reared on uninfected rabbits until the next generation of larvae. Again, all subsequent tick stages were shown to be infected by PCR (infection rates varying from 3.0 to 40.0%), and were able to transmit R. rickettsii to uninfected rabbits. Thus, it was demonstrated that larvae, nymphs, and adults of H. leporispalustris were able to acquire and maintain the R. rickettsii infection by transstadial and transovarial transmissions within the tick population, with active transmission of the bacterium to susceptible rabbits by all parasitic stages. Analyses of biological parameters of uninfected and R. rickettsii-infected tick lineages were performed in order to evaluate possible deleterious effects of R. rickettsii to the infected tick lineages. Surprisingly, all but one of the four R. rickettsii-experimental groups of the present study showed overall better biological performance than their sibling uninfected control ticks. Results of the present study showed that H. leporispalustris could support infection by a high virulent strain of R. rickettsii for at least two generations, in which infected tick lineages tended to have better performance than uninfected ticks. Our results support a possible role of H. leporispalustris in the enzootic maintenance of R. rickettsii in Latin America, as previously suggested by earlier works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Helena T Freitas
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
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Cançado PHD, Piranda EM, Faccini JLH. [Influence of aggregation on the molting process of Rhipicephalus sanguineus, (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 16:205-10. [PMID: 18373896 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612007000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of different aggregations on the molting process of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806). Tick-naïve domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were used as experimental hosts for the parasitic phase. A total of 10 rabbits were used on the experiment. All tick free-living phases were kept in incubator at 27+/-1 degrees C, 80+/-5% relative humidity and scotophase. The periods of pre-molt, molt, percentage of ecdisis and molt rhythm of larvae and nymphs were studied. A total of 1560 engorged larvae and 1560 nymphs of R. sanguineus were divided in six groups of aggregations: 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ticks with ten repetitions each one. The ecdises of nymphs and adults were daily observed. The percentage of ecdysis was the only parameter with no aggregations effects. All others parameters were statistically different (p<0,05). The results suggested that highest aggregations accelerate the molting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique D Cançado
- Curso de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Km 07 da BR 465, Seropédica, RJ, 23890-000.
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17
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Piranda EM, Cançado PHD, Raia VA, de Almeida TK, Labruna MB, Faccini JLH. The effect of temperature and fasting period on the viability of free-living females of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions. Exp Appl Acarol 2008; 45:211-217. [PMID: 18566896 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-008-9165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the effect of temperature on viability of free-living phases of the life cycle of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) despite of its importance as vector of several pathogens. Knowledge of the effect of abiotic factors on the capacity of a given tick species to infest new hosts is important for routine experimental activities under laboratory conditions, and may be relevant to understand the transmission of pathogens. The study evaluates the viability of R. sanguineus females held at 18 +/- 1, 27 +/- 1 and 32 +/- 1 degrees C and 80 +/- 5% RH (saturation deficits of 3.0, 5.3 and 7.2 mmHg, respectively) for three fasting periods (3 and 20 days and the day when female mortality reached approximately 50% after ecdysis), under laboratory conditions. In general, the best result on viability was obtained when rabbits were infested with unfed female ticks after three or 20 fasting days at both 27 +/- 1 and 32 +/- 1 degrees C and 80 +/- 5% RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane M Piranda
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal (DPA), Instituto de Veterinária (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, km7, Seropedica, RJ, 23890-000, Brazil
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Faccini JLH, Ribeiro VR. Raillietia caprae (Acari: Raillietidae) and Psoroptes ovis (Acari: Psoroptidae) in the ears of goats in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2008; 17:59-61. [PMID: 18554445 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612008000100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ear canals of 145 domestic goats including the breeds Saanen, Toggenburg, Anglobian, Alpine, Moxoto (native) and crossbred goats from 10 smallholder farms were examined by flushing for the presence of ear mites. Prevalence of Raillietia caprae Quintero, Bassols and Acevedo, 1980 was much more higher than Psoroptes ovis (Hering, 1838) in the studied area, respectively 62% (90/145) and 4% (6/145). The youngest animal parasitized was eight months old and the oldest was 10 years old. Subclinical otitis is a common feature of infestation by both species but increase of wax and the presence of pus were detected in the flushed material in approximately 10% of the goats examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Luiz H Faccini
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Km 7 da BR 465, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
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Cunha VE, Hahnstadt RL, Soares AMB, Faccini JLH. Evaluation of skin sensitivity in dogs bearing allergic dermatitis to standardized allergenic extract of house dust and storage mites. Pesq Vet Bras 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2007000800004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate whether allergenic extracts of five house dust and storage mite species standardized for humans might be used for the diagnosis of canine atopic dermatitis (CAD). Extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Pyroglyphidae), D. farinae (Pyroglyphidae), Blomia tropicalis (Glycyphagidae), Lepidoglyphus destructor (Glycyphagidae) and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acaridae) were evaluated by intradermal testing in 20 healthy dogs (control) and 25 dogs with allergic dermatitis. A significant difference in the response was observed between the two groups (p<0.05). Only one dog (5%) in the control group reacted to the intradermal test, whereas 14 dogs (56%) in the allergic group were positive for at least one extract (odds ratio = 24.2). Most of the positive reactions observed in the allergic group occurred against the extracts of T. putrescentiae or L. destructor, each inducing reactions in 10 dogs (40%). D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus e B. tropicalis extracts induced reactions in 7 (28%), 3 (12%) and 3 (12%) dogs, respectively. The allergenic extracts standardized for humans evaluated in the present study may be used as a tool to complement the diagnosis of the disease, as well as to select potential allergen candidates for allergen-specific immunotherapy.
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Cançado PHD, Piranda EM, Faccini JLH, Daemon E. [Influence of aggregation on the molting process of Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions]. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2007; 16:47-53. [PMID: 17588323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the influence of different aggregations on the molting process of the nidicoulus ticks, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris. Tick-naïve domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were used as experimental hosts for the parasitic phase. All free-living phases were kept into 4.5 mL glass vials in incubators at 27+/-1 degrees C, 80+/-15% relative humidity and scotophase. The periods of pre-molt, molt, percentage of ecdisis and molting pattern of larvae and nymphs were studied. A total of 1560 engorged larvae and nymphs were divided in six groups of aggregations: 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ticks with ten repetitions. The molting of nymphs and adults were observed daily. The percentage of ecdysis was the only parameter with no statistical difference among the groups (p>0.05). All others parameters were statisticaly different (p<0.05). The results suggested that highest aggregations accelerate the molting process of H. leporispalustris. We recommended the following aggregations: 4.4 ticks/ml for scientific research and less than 7.7 tick/ml for ticks maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique D Cançado
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Km 7 da BR 465, Seropédica, RJ.
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21
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Cardoso ACB, de Freitas LHT, Daemon E, Faccini JLH. The effect of humidity on the oviposition and larval mortality of Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard, 1869) (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2006; 15:58-64. [PMID: 16834897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2005] [Accepted: 04/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Oviposition, reproductive and nutritional efficiency indices (REI and NEI), eclosion and larvae mortality of Haemaphysalis leporispalustris were studied under controlled conditions, inside desiccators, at constant temperatures of 25+/-1 degrees C and relative humidity (RH) levels adjusted at 30, 50, 70 and 95%. Fourth generation tick specimens, originated from a colony fed on rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), were used. The experiment was conducted between Jul/1999 and Jan/2001. The pre-oviposition and oviposition periods decreased and increased, respectively, according to the increase in RH. The egg mass weight, REI and NEI, increased according to the increase in RH. The females' residual weight, under high humidity levels, was probably small due to a better energetic use for egg production (51.77 +/- 11.06 mg at 95% RH). The incubation period was inversely proportional to RH increase (45.10+/- 2.47 days; 40.33+/- 1.45 days and 36.85+/- 0.37 days at 50% 70% and 95% RH, respectively). There was no eclosion at 30% RH. Period and percentage of eclosion were directly proportional to the increase of the other RH levels. A diminished formation of embryonic points as well as the desiccation of the already formed eggs were observed. Larval longevity was negatively influenced by 50% RH, with death occurring concomitant to eclosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina B Cardoso
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Km 7 da BR 465, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil 23890000
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Cançado PHD, Chacón SC, Piranda EM, Paula ADR, Faccini JLH. [The effect of immersion in distilled water on the engorged larvae and nymphs of Amblyomma dubitatum Neumann, 1899 (Acari: Ixodidae)]. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2006; 15:17-22. [PMID: 16646997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of the immersion of engorged larvae and nymphs of Amblyomma dubitatum experimentally fed on rabbits, the ticks were collected and formed control groups, without immersion, and groups witch were immersed by 24, 48, 72, 96 hours and, for engorged larvaes, by eight weeks, in test tubes containing distilled water. During all experiment ticks were kept at 27 +/- 1 degrees C, 80 +/- 10% RU and scotophase The parameters evaluated were: pre-ecdysis, ecdysis and moulting periods; and ecdysis and mortality percentages. When compared with the control group, the effect (p<0,05) of immersion varied intra and inter stages. Apparently, immersion was less deleterious to A. dubitatum in comparison with A. cajennense and R. sanguineus from neotropical region, thus reflecting a long host relations with the capybara, its primary host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique D Cançado
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Km 7 da BR 465, Seropédica, RJ, 23890-000.
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dos Santos SB, Cançado PHD, Piranda EM, Faccini JLH. [Infestation with Linognathus africanus (Kellogg e Paine, 1911) (Linognathidae) and Bovicola caprae (Ewing, 1936) (Trichodectidae) in goat flock of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2006; 15:41-3. [PMID: 16647002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Accepted: 02/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mixed infestations with Linognathus africanus and Bovicola caprae were diagnosed in a lot of 20 goats from a flock of 40, belonging to a farm from the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (22 degrees 44'38''S and 43 degrees 42'27''W). Animals were of both sexes, varied ages and different breeds (half blood Saanen/Boer, Saanen, cross breeds), were examined in April of 2004. With an exception of one goat, parasitized only by L. africanus, the remainders 19 (95%) were infested by the two species lice. Of 69 (71%) specimens of L. africanus and 28 (28.9%) of B. caprae collected the ratio female:male for L. africanus were 4.6 (23:5), while for B. caprae were 4.8 (57:12). The absence of L. africanus in recent surveys carried out in the semi-arid regions of the Northeast Brazil where more the 60% of examined goats were parasitized by B. caprae suggests that the adaptation to the climatic variation might be different for the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra B dos Santos
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (CPGMV), Instituto de Veterinária (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Km 7 da BR 465, Seropédica, RJ, 23890-000
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da R Paula A, Piranda EM, Faccini JLH, Daemon E. [The effect of immersion in distilled water on the engorged larvae and nymphs of Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius,1787)(Acari: Ixodidae)]. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2005; 14:65-9. [PMID: 16153347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2005] [Accepted: 05/15/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of the immersion of engorged larvae and nymphs of Amblyomma cajennense, these stages were immersed by 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours in test tubes containing distilled water. The period of premolt of the nymphs increased proportionally to the time of immersion (p<0.05). The ecdisis period, the longevity and the mortality (days) were similar in all of treatments (p>0.05). The percentage of ecdisis in nymphs was reduced after 72 hours of immersion of the larvae (p<0.05). None of the engorged nymphs survived 96 hours of immersion. The period of the adult premolt increased after 48 hours of immersion (p<0.05). The ecdisis period was similar in the treatments of 24 and 48 hours of immersion (p>0.05). The percentage of ecdisis decreased starting from 24 hours of immersion (p<0.05). There was not statistical difference (p<0.05) between the control group and the 24 hours group of immersion for the parameters longevity and mortality. These findings suggest that the engorged nymphs were more sensitive to the immersion that the engorged larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana da R Paula
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Veterinária, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, CEP: 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
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Marques S, Barros-Battesti DM, Onofrio VC, Famadas KM, Faccini JLH, Keirans JE. Redescription of larva, nymph and adults of Ixodes (I .) loricatus Neumann, 1899 (Acari: Ixodidae) based on light and scanning electron microscopy. Syst Parasitol 2005; 59:135-46. [PMID: 15477754 DOI: 10.1023/b:sypa.0000044430.05551.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ticks of the genus Ixodes are poorly known in the Neotropical zoogeographical region, from where only 45 species have been recorded. In Brazil, the genus is currently represented by eight species, four of which are known only from this country. This paper presents a redescription of all active stages in the life-cycle of I. loricatus , based on optical and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the relationship of I. loricatus to other Neotropical Ixodes is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Marques
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
The host relationships for most species of the genus Amblyomma are poorly known in Brazil. The ability of A. pseudoconcolor and A. cooperi to successfully feed on horses was investigated during ongoing research on the life cycle of these two species, which are primarily associated with wildlife. Results of these experiments suggest that horses are potential hosts for the adult stages of both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Chacon
- Inst. Veterinária, Depto. Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
Casos de demodicose bovina foram observados em um rebanho da raça Sindhi no período de dezembro 1989 a janeiro 1992. Ambas as formas, localizada e generalizada, foram diagnosticadas. Este é o primeiro relato da forma generalizada no Brasil. Nos dois primeiros anos, a demodicose foi diagnosticada somente em animais < 2 anos, enquanto que nos dois últimos anos, animais de todas as idades estavam positivos. A prevalência variou de 20,4% (11/54) a 53,1% (26/49) e 13,2% (12/91) a 14,8% (9/61) nos animais com menos e mais de 2 anos de idade, respectivamente. Os sinais clínicos variaram de pequenos nódulos a espessamento da pele com nódulos grandes e moles, nas formas localizada e generalizada, respectivamente. Os principais achados histopatológicos dos nódulos cutâneos na forma generalizada foram: acantose com hiperqueratose, adenite sebácea crônica, necrose muscular subcutânea e degeneração focal de células da camada basal da epiderme, além da presença de grande número de ácaros de localização intraluminal nos terços médio e inferior de folículos pilosos dilatados. Observou-se ainda perifoliculite crônica, caracterizada por infiltrado celular predominantemente linfoplasmocitário contendo ainda macrófagos e neutrófilos, que envolvia bulbos pilosos. O estado nutricional precário dos animais e o estresse provocado pela longa estiagem, provavelmente, contribuíram para aumentar a suscetibili-dade do rebanho à infestação pelos ácaros.
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Abstract
To evaluate the sex ratio of field collected nymphal Amblyomma cajennense ticks, we collected 5326 engorged nymphs from naturally infested horses in Pirassununga county and allowed them to molt to adults in the laboratory. They yielded a sex ratio of 1:1.83 (M:F). Three and two engorged females were collected from horses pastured at Pirassununga county and from tapirs pastured in Sorocaba county, respectively. These females were allowed to oviposit and their progeny were reared until the adult stage in the laboratory. Engorged females collected from Pirassununga yielded a sex ratio of 1:1.57 (M:F) and a sex ratio of 1.14:1 (M:F) were obtained for those ticks collected from tapirs. In addition, unfed tick larvae were collected from Pedreira county and reared in the laboratory until the adult stage. This collection yielded a sex ratio of 1.11:1 (M:F). These results showed significantly different (P<0.05) sex ratio constitutions among different tick populations. Laboratory rabbits were infested once with A. cajennense male ticks, which showed feeding periods varying from 7 to 86 days. During this period, the rabbits were re-infested regularly with A. cajennense female ticks. A total of 179 engorged females were collected from the rabbits and their engorged weight, feeding, preovioposition and egg incubation periods, weight of deposited eggs, percent of hatched eggs and egg production efficiency were compared to the male feeding period and to the number of live males present on the host. None of the female variables were affected by the male feeding period. Male ticks remained fertile for the whole feeding period. Percent of hatched eggs was the only female variable that significantly decreased as the number of live males decreased on the host. The results showed that although some A. cajennense populations are composed of more females than males after molting, this female predominance is compensated by a long male feeding period and maintenance of its reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pinter
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, SP 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
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