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Ammar CB, Khitouni N, Mbarek WB, Alsulami AH, Suñol JJ, Khitouni M, Chemingui M. Properties of High-Entropy Fe 30Co 20Ni 20Mn 20Al 10 Alloy Produced by High-Energy Ball Milling. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:234. [PMID: 38204087 PMCID: PMC10779617 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A high-entropy Fe30Co20Ni20Mn20Al10 (at%) alloy with a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystalline phase was produced through mechanical alloying. This study examined the development of its phases, microstructure, morphology, and magnetic characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to assess the sample morphology in relation to milling times. The changes that the material underwent during milling were investigated using X-ray diffraction. The milling time affected the phase transformation. A single FCC solid solution (crystallite size = 12 nm) was found after 50 h of milling. Additionally, the magnetic characteristics were examined and shown to be associated with microstructural changes. The powder mixture exhibited behavior consistent with soft magnetics, with an Hc value of 8 Am-1 and an Ms value of 165 emu/g. The excellent soft magnetic characteristic may be related to the stability of the FCC phase, which was generated following a 30 h milling process. In addition, the low value of Ms may have originated from the presence of Al atoms in the solid solution and the development of large densities of interfaces and crystal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chérif Ben Ammar
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique, UR 11-ES-73, Université de Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (C.B.A.); (N.K.); (M.C.)
- Department of Physics, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain;
| | - Nawel Khitouni
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique, UR 11-ES-73, Université de Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (C.B.A.); (N.K.); (M.C.)
- Department of Physics, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain;
| | - Wael Ben Mbarek
- Department of Physics, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain;
| | - Abdulelah H. Alsulami
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts in Baljurashi, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65527, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Joan-Josep Suñol
- Department of Physics, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain;
| | - Mohamed Khitouni
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahmoud Chemingui
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique, UR 11-ES-73, Université de Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (C.B.A.); (N.K.); (M.C.)
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Ben Mbarek W, Issa M, Salvadó V, Escoda L, Khitouni M, Suñol JJ. Degradation of Azo Dye Solutions by a Nanocrystalline Fe-Based Alloy and the Adsorption of Their By-Products by Cork. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7612. [PMID: 38138753 PMCID: PMC10744763 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the efficiency of mechanically alloyed Fe80Si10B10 in degrading basic red 46 azo dye is investigated. Moreover, the influences of different parameters, such as pH and time, on the elimination of the aromatic derivatives obtained as by-products of the fracture of the azo group are also analyzed. After beginning the reduction to the normal conditions of pH (4.6) and temperature, the experimental findings showed a discoloration of 97.87% after 20 min. The structure and morphology of the nanocrystalline Fe80Si10B10 powder were characterized by SEM and XRD before and after use in the degradation process. The XRD patterns of the Fe-Si-B powder after redox reaction suggest that the valent zero Fe of the alloy is the reducing agent. Powdered cork was then used as a biosorbent for the removal of the by-products generated, resulting in increasing removal percentages from pH 7 (26%) to pH 9 (62%) and a contact time of 120 min. The FTIR spectrum of the cork after adsorption shows a shift of the bands, confirming the interaction with the aromatic amines. The present findings show that metallic powders and natural cork perform well together in removing azo dye solutions and their degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Ben Mbarek
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi s/n, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maher Issa
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi s/n, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Victoria Salvadó
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Lluisa Escoda
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi s/n, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mohamed Khitouni
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joan-Josep Suñol
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi s/n, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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Zaara K, Optasanu V, Le Gallet S, Escoda L, Saurina J, Bernard F, Khitouni M, Suñol JJ, Chemingui M. Study of Structural, Compression, and Soft Magnetic Properties of Fe 65Ni 28Mn 7 Alloy Prepared by Arc Melting, Mechanical Alloying, and Spark Plasma Sintering. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7244. [PMID: 38005172 PMCID: PMC10672919 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Soft magnetic Fe65Ni28Mn7 (at. %) alloy was successfully synthesized by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (SPS) and, in parallel, the same composition was prepared by arc melting (AM) for comparison. Several SPS conditions were tested. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the structure, phase composition, and morphology of the samples. It was found that mechanical alloying produced BCC and FCC supersaturated solid solution after 130 h of milling, with a fine microstructure (i.e., crystallite size of 10 nm). Spark plasma sintering performed at 750 °C and 1000 °C under two pressures of 50 MPa and 75 MPa revealed stable FCC phases. A single FCC phase was observed after the arc melting synthesis. The magnetic properties of milled powders and solids obtained by AM and SPS were investigated. The specimen consolidated by SPS at 1000 °C under the pressure of 50 MPa exhibits soft magnetic behavior (coercivity 0.07 Oe), whereas the mechanically alloyed sample revealed hard magnetic behavior. The specimen consolidated at 750 °C under a pressure of 75 MPa showed a higher compressive strength of 1700 MPa and a Vickers hardness of 425 ± 18 HV. As a result, sintering at 750 °C/75 MPa can be utilized to enhance the mechanical properties, while those sintered at 1000 °C/50 MPa increase magnetic softness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouther Zaara
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain; (K.Z.); (L.E.); (J.S.)
| | - Virgil Optasanu
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne—ICB UMR 6303 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, CEDEX, 21078 Dijon, France; (V.O.); (S.L.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Sophie Le Gallet
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne—ICB UMR 6303 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, CEDEX, 21078 Dijon, France; (V.O.); (S.L.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Lluisa Escoda
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain; (K.Z.); (L.E.); (J.S.)
| | - Joan Saurina
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain; (K.Z.); (L.E.); (J.S.)
| | - Frédéric Bernard
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne—ICB UMR 6303 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, CEDEX, 21078 Dijon, France; (V.O.); (S.L.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Mohamed Khitouni
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Joan-Josep Suñol
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain; (K.Z.); (L.E.); (J.S.)
| | - Mahmoud Chemingui
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, LR 17-ES-07, University of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax 3018, Tunisia;
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Zaara K, Daza J, Ben Mbarek W, Suñol JJ. Structural, Thermal and Magnetic Analysis of Two Fe-X-B (X = Nb, NiZr) Nanocrystalline Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2022; 16:155. [PMID: 36614494 PMCID: PMC9821811 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High-energy ball milling was used to produce two Fe-X-B (X = Nb, NiZr) nanocrystalline alloys. X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were used to analyze the microstructure, thermal, and magnetic characteristics of the milled powders, the agglomerated particles (also generated during the milling process), and the compacted specimens of both alloys. The main crystallographic phase is always a bcc Fe-rich solid solution; whereas a minor Nb(B) phase is detected on powders and agglomerated particles in the Fe80Nb8B12 alloy. The crystalline size of the Fe80(NiZr)8B12 alloy is between 11 and 14 nm, whereas in the Fe80Nb8B12 alloy, it ranges between 8 and 12 nm. Microstrain and dislocation density are higher in agglomerated samples for both alloys than in milled powders. Thermal analysis detects structural relaxation and crystal growth exothermic processes with high dispersion in the temperature intervals and in the calculated apparent activation energy of the main crystallization process. Regarding magnetic behavior, the coercivity values of all powdered-agglomerated specimens were around 800 A/m. The coercivity is higher in compacted sample, but controlled annealing favors enhanced soft behavior.
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Mbarek WB, Escoda L, Saurina J, Pineda E, Alminderej FM, Khitouni M, Suñol JJ. Nanomaterials as a Sustainable Choice for Treating Wastewater: A Review. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8576. [PMID: 36500069 PMCID: PMC9737022 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The removal of dyes from textile effluents utilizing advanced wastewater treatment methods with high efficiency and low cost has received substantial attention due to the rise in pollutants in water. The purpose of this work is to give a comprehensive analysis of the different treatments for removing chemical dyes from textile effluents. The capability and potential of conventional treatments for the degradation of dyeing compounds in aqueous media, as well as the influence of multiple parameters, such as the pH solution, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose, are presented in this study. This study is an overview of the scientific research literature on this topic, including nanoreductive and nanophotocatalyst processes, as well as nanoadsorbents and nanomembranes. For the purpose of treating sewage, the special properties of nanoparticles are currently being carefully researched. The ability of nanomaterials to remove organic matter, fungus, and viruses from wastewater is another benefit. Nanomaterials are employed in advanced oxidation techniques to clean wastewater. Additionally, because of their small dimensions, nanoparticles have a wide effective area of contact. Due to this, nanoparticles' adsorption and reactivity are powerful. The improvement of nanomaterial technology will be beneficial for the treatment of wastewater. This report also offers a thorough review of the distinctive properties of nanomaterials used in wastewater treatment, as well as their appropriate application and future possibilities. Since only a few types of nanomaterials have been produced, it is also important to focus on their technological feasibility in addition to their economic feasibility. According to this study, nanoparticles (NPs) have a significant adsorption area, efficient chemical reactions, and electrical conductivity that help treat wastewater effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Ben Mbarek
- Department of Physics, Campus Montilivi s/n, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Lluisa Escoda
- Department of Physics, Campus Montilivi s/n, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Joan Saurina
- Department of Physics, Campus Montilivi s/n, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Eloi Pineda
- Department of Physics, Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fahad M. Alminderej
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Khitouni
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joan-Josep Suñol
- Department of Physics, Campus Montilivi s/n, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
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Suñol JJ, Escoda L. Novel Materials Synthesis by Mechanical Alloying/Milling. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:6973. [PMID: 36234314 PMCID: PMC9573562 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical alloying (MA) and mechanical milling (MM) are based on the ball milling technique/procedure [...].
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Khitouni N, Hammami B, Llorca-Isern N, Mbarek WB, Suñol JJ, Khitouni M. Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Fe 60-xCo 25Ni 15Si x Alloy Elaborated by High-Energy Mechanical Milling. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:6483. [PMID: 36143795 PMCID: PMC9501317 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the effect of Si addition on the magnetic properties of Fe60-xCo25Ni15Six (x = 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 at%) alloys prepared by mechanical alloying was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and magnetic vibrating sample magnetometry and SQUID. The crystallographic parameters of the bcc-solid solutions were calculated by Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction patterns with Maud software. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the morphology of the powdered alloys as a function of milling time. It was found that the Si addition has an important role in the increase of structural hardening and brittleness of the particles (favoring the more pronounced refinement of crystallites). The resulting nanostructure is highlighted in accordance with the concept of the structure of defects. Magnetic properties were related to the metalloid addition, formed phases, and chemical compositions. All processed samples showed a soft ferromagnetic behavior (Hc ≤ 100 Oe). The inhomogeneous evolution of the magnetization saturation as a function of milling time is explained by the magnetostriction effective anisotropy and stress induced during mechanical alloying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawel Khitouni
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry (LR17ES07), Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Béchir Hammami
- Department of Chemistry, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Núria Llorca-Isern
- Department of CM-QF, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wael Ben Mbarek
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Joan-Josep Suñol
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Mohamed Khitouni
- Department of Chemistry, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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Carrillo A, Daza J, Saurina J, Escoda L, Suñol JJ. Structural, Thermal and Magnetic Analysis of Fe 75Co 10Nb 6B 9 and Fe 65Co 20Nb 6B 9 Nanostructured Alloys. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14164542. [PMID: 34443065 PMCID: PMC8398515 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two nanocrystalline ferromagnetic alloys of the Fe-Co-Nb-B system have been produced by mechanical alloying (MA). Their microstructure, thermal behavior and magnetic response were checked by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). After 80 h of MA, the alloys were nanostructured (bcc-Fe(Co)-rich phase). As the Co content increases, the density of the dislocations decreases. Besides, a higher concentration of Co causes an increase in the activation energy of the crystallization process. The calculated energies, 267 and 332 kJ/mol, are associated to the crystalline growth of the bcc-Fe-rich phase. The Co content of the samples has no effect on the value of the saturation magnetization, whereas the coercivity is lower in the alloy containing less Co. Samples were compacted and heat-treated. Optimal annealing reduces the coercivity by a factor of two. Results were compared with the data of Fe-Nb-B and Fe-Ni-Nb-B alloys.
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Alleg S, Chabi T, Bensebaa N, Saurina J, Escoda L, Hlil EK, Suñol JJ. Investigation of the Critical Behavior, Magnetocaloric Effect and Hyperfine Structure in the Fe 72Nb 8B 20 Powders. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E4476. [PMID: 33050307 PMCID: PMC7601455 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microstructure as well as magnetic, thermal and magnetocaloric properties of the mechanically alloyed Fe72Nb8B20 powders have been investigated by means of Mössbauer spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and magnetic measurements. The Mössbauer spectrometry results showed the formation of nanostructured Fe(B) and Fe(Nb) solid solutions, Fe2B boride, and an amorphous phase. The endothermic and exothermic peaks that are observed in the DSC curves might be related to the Curie temperature, and the crystallization of the amorphous phase, respectively. The critical exponent values around the magnetic phase transition of the amorphous phase (TC = 480 K), are deduced from the modified Arrott plots, Kouvel-Fisher curves and critical isotherm examination. The calculated values (β = 0.457 ± 0.012, γ = 0.863 ± 0.136 and δ = 3.090 ± 0.004) are near to those of the mean field model, revealing a dominating role of magnetic order arising due to long-range ferromagnetic interactions, as the critical exponents are mean-field-like. The maximum entropy change and the refrigerant capacity values are 1.45 J/kg·K and 239 J/kg, respectively, under a magnetic field of 5 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Alleg
- Laboratoire de Magnétisme et Spectroscopie des solides (LM2S), Département de Physique, Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba, BP12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria; (S.A.); (T.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Thaounza Chabi
- Laboratoire de Magnétisme et Spectroscopie des solides (LM2S), Département de Physique, Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba, BP12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria; (S.A.); (T.C.); (N.B.)
- Department Física, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi s/n, 17003 Girona, Spain; (J.S.); (L.E.)
| | - Nadia Bensebaa
- Laboratoire de Magnétisme et Spectroscopie des solides (LM2S), Département de Physique, Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba, BP12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria; (S.A.); (T.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Joan Saurina
- Department Física, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi s/n, 17003 Girona, Spain; (J.S.); (L.E.)
| | - Lluisa Escoda
- Department Física, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi s/n, 17003 Girona, Spain; (J.S.); (L.E.)
| | - El-Kebir Hlil
- Institut Néel, Grenoble INP, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Joan-Josep Suñol
- Department Física, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi s/n, 17003 Girona, Spain; (J.S.); (L.E.)
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Kessentini A, Belhouchet M, Suñol JJ, Abid Y, Mhiri T. Crystal structure, vibrational studies and optical properties of a new organic-inorganic hybrid compound (C₁₀H₂₈N₄)CuCl₅Cl⋅4H₂O. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 134:28-33. [PMID: 24995416 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new organic-inorganic hybrid material, 1,4-bis(3-ammoniumpropyl) piperazinium pentachloridocuprate(II) chloride tetrahydrate [(C₁₀H₂₈N₄)CuCl₅Cl⋅4H₂O], has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-visible absorption, Infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and Pnma space group with a=8.18 (3)Å, b=10.96 (5)Å, c=21.26 (9)Å, V=2254.3 (15)Å(3). In this structure, the Cu(2+) ion, surrounded by five chlorides, adopts the square pyramidal coordination geometry. The structure of this compound consists of tetraprotonated 1,4-bis(3-ammoniumpropyl) piperazinium cations and the anionic sublattice is built up of isolated, square pyramid [CuCl₅](3)(-) units, chloride ion Cl(-) and water molecules connected with each other by hydrogen bonds. Organic and inorganic entities are interconnected by means of hydrogen bonding contacts [NH⋯O(Cl), O(W)H⋯Cl and O(W)H⋯O]. Furthermore, the room temperature IR and Raman spectra of the title compound were recorded and analyzed on the basis of literature data. The optical study was also investigated by UV-Vis absorption. In fact, the organic-inorganic hybrid crystal thin film can be easily prepared by spin-coating method from the ethanol solution of the (C₁₀H₂₈N₄)CuCl₅Cl⋅4H₂O hybrid compound and it showed absorptions characteristics of CuCl based layered compounds centered at 275 and 374 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kessentini
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie de l'Etat Solide, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - M Belhouchet
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie de l'Etat Solide, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - J J Suñol
- Dep. De Fisica, Universita de Girona, Compus Montilivi, Girona 17071, Spain
| | - Y Abid
- Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - T Mhiri
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie de l'Etat Solide, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
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Tebib W, Alleg S, Bensalem R, Bensebaa N, Bentayeb FZ, Suñol JJ, Grenèche JM. Structural characterization of nanostructured Fe-8P powder mixture. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2008; 8:2029-2036. [PMID: 18572610 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2008.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured Fe-8P (wt%) powder mixture was prepared by high energy ball milling in a planetary ball mill (Fritsch P7) under argon atmosphere. The morphology of the particles, the phase identification and the alloying evolution process as a function of milling time are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry (MS), respectively. Refinement based on Rietveld method of the XRD patterns and the Mössbauer spectra analysis show that the Fe(x)P (1 < x < 2) and Fe2P phosphide phases are the main product after 3 h of milling (approximately 10%). From the XRD Rietveld refinement, it is observed that the Fe2P phase disappears completely after 12 h of milling, while the Fe3P nanophase appears after 9 h and remains for larger milling duration. The lattice structure distortion is evidenced by the lattice parameter changes of the milled products. A two structure state of the alpha-Fe(P) solid solution: alpha-Fe1 and alpha-Fe2 is confirmed by both the XRD and MS measurements. After milling for 21 h, a mixture of a disordered two phase alpha-Fe(P) solid solution, Fe3P nanophase and a small amount of a paramagnetic FeP phosphide phase (approximately 2%) is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Tebib
- Laboratoire de Magnétisme et Spectroscopie des Solides (LM2S), département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Annaba, B. P. 12 Annaba 23000, Algérie
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