1
|
Saini P, Hunt A, Kirkby J, Chopra J, Ashworth E. A qualitative dyadic approach to explore the experiences and perceived impact of COVID-19 restrictions among adolescents and their parents. Health Psychol Behav Med 2023; 11:2173601. [PMID: 36756188 PMCID: PMC9901429 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2023.2173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While evidence exists for the negative and positive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown on the mental health and well-being of adolescents and parents separately, the potential impact of lockdown, and the effective coping strategies that have been used have so far, by both children and their parents still needs to be explored. Method A dyadic approach was used to explore the perceived impact of COVID-19 restrictions among early adolescents and their parents in Northwest England. Nine parents (8 female and 1 male) and their 10 children (6 boys and 4 girls) aged 11-13, were recruited from 4 secondary schools to be interviewed. Remote interviews took place between October and December 2020 for the adolescents and between March and May 2021 for their parents. Inductive thematic analysis was used. Results Five inter-related themes were identified: (1) overcoming barriers for learning at home; (2) juggling a work-life balance; (3) loss of experiences; (4) caring for other family members; and (5) adopting new self-care and coping strategies during the pandemic. Conclusion Themes identified will help to inform policy and practice for supporting adolescents and parents in the future, including the promotion of positive coping strategies and the provision of resources for adolescents, schools and families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Saini
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK, Pooja Saini School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, LiverpoolL3 3AF, UK
| | - Anna Hunt
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joanna Kirkby
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jennifer Chopra
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Emma Ashworth
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan C, Nie W, Vogel AL, Dada L, Lehtipalo K, Stolzenburg D, Wagner R, Rissanen MP, Xiao M, Ahonen L, Fischer L, Rose C, Bianchi F, Gordon H, Simon M, Heinritzi M, Garmash O, Roldin P, Dias A, Ye P, Hofbauer V, Amorim A, Bauer PS, Bergen A, Bernhammer AK, Breitenlechner M, Brilke S, Buchholz A, Mazon SB, Canagaratna MR, Chen X, Ding A, Dommen J, Draper DC, Duplissy J, Frege C, Heyn C, Guida R, Hakala J, Heikkinen L, Hoyle CR, Jokinen T, Kangasluoma J, Kirkby J, Kontkanen J, Kürten A, Lawler MJ, Mai H, Mathot S, Mauldin RL, Molteni U, Nichman L, Nieminen T, Nowak J, Ojdanic A, Onnela A, Pajunoja A, Petäjä T, Piel F, Quéléver LLJ, Sarnela N, Schallhart S, Sengupta K, Sipilä M, Tomé A, Tröstl J, Väisänen O, Wagner AC, Ylisirniö A, Zha Q, Baltensperger U, Carslaw KS, Curtius J, Flagan RC, Hansel A, Riipinen I, Smith JN, Virtanen A, Winkler PM, Donahue NM, Kerminen VM, Kulmala M, Ehn M, Worsnop DR. Size-dependent influence of NO x on the growth rates of organic aerosol particles. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaay4945. [PMID: 32518819 PMCID: PMC7253163 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay4945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric new-particle formation (NPF) affects climate by contributing to a large fraction of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) drive the early particle growth and therefore substantially influence the survival of newly formed particles to CCN. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) is known to suppress the NPF driven by HOMs, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we examine the response of particle growth to the changes of HOM formation caused by NOx. We show that NOx suppresses particle growth in general, but the suppression is rather nonuniform and size dependent, which can be quantitatively explained by the shifted HOM volatility after adding NOx. By illustrating how NOx affects the early growth of new particles, a critical step of CCN formation, our results help provide a refined assessment of the potential climatic effects caused by the diverse changes of NOx level in forest regions around the globe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - W. Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - A. L. Vogel
- CERN, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - L. Dada
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - K. Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - D. Stolzenburg
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - R. Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. P. Rissanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Xiao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - L. Ahonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - L. Fischer
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C. Rose
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - F. Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - H. Gordon
- CERN, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M. Simon
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M. Heinritzi
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - O. Garmash
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - P. Roldin
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University, P. O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A. Dias
- CERN, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- CENTRA and FCUL, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P. Ye
- Carnegie Mellon University Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - V. Hofbauer
- Carnegie Mellon University Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - A. Amorim
- CENTRA and FCUL, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P. S. Bauer
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - A. Bergen
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A.-K. Bernhammer
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M. Breitenlechner
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S. Brilke
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A. Buchholz
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - S. Buenrostro Mazon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - X. Chen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J. Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. C. Draper
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - J. Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - C. Frege
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - C. Heyn
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - R. Guida
- CERN, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J. Hakala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - L. Heikkinen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - C. R. Hoyle
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T. Jokinen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. Kangasluoma
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - J. Kirkby
- CERN, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J. Kontkanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Kürten
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M. J. Lawler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - H. Mai
- California Institute of Technology, 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - R. L. Mauldin
- Carnegie Mellon University Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - U. Molteni
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - L. Nichman
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - T. Nieminen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. Nowak
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - A. Ojdanic
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | | | - A. Pajunoja
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - T. Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - F. Piel
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L. L. J. Quéléver
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - N. Sarnela
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - S. Schallhart
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - M. Sipilä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Tomé
- IDL Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - J. Tröstl
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - O. Väisänen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - A. C. Wagner
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A. Ylisirniö
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Q. Zha
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - U. Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - J. Curtius
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R. C. Flagan
- California Institute of Technology, 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - A. Hansel
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- IONICON GesmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - I. Riipinen
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J. N. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - A. Virtanen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - P. M. Winkler
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - N. M. Donahue
- Carnegie Mellon University Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - V.-M. Kerminen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Ehn
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - D. R. Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/INAR–Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jokinen T, Sipilä M, Kontkanen J, Vakkari V, Tisler P, Duplissy EM, Junninen H, Kangasluoma J, Manninen HE, Petäjä T, Kulmala M, Worsnop DR, Kirkby J, Virkkula A, Kerminen VM. Ion-induced sulfuric acid-ammonia nucleation drives particle formation in coastal Antarctica. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaat9744. [PMID: 30498779 PMCID: PMC6261657 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat9744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Formation of new aerosol particles from trace gases is a major source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the global atmosphere, with potentially large effects on cloud optical properties and Earth's radiative balance. Controlled laboratory experiments have resolved, in detail, the different nucleation pathways likely responsible for atmospheric new particle formation, yet very little is known from field studies about the molecular steps and compounds involved in different regions of the atmosphere. The scarcity of primary particle sources makes secondary aerosol formation particularly important in the Antarctic atmosphere. Here, we report on the observation of ion-induced nucleation of sulfuric acid and ammonia-a process experimentally investigated by the CERN CLOUD experiment-as a major source of secondary aerosol particles over coastal Antarctica. We further show that measured high sulfuric acid concentrations, exceeding 107 molecules cm-3, are sufficient to explain the observed new particle growth rates. Our findings show that ion-induced nucleation is the dominant particle formation mechanism, implying that galactic cosmic radiation plays a key role in new particle formation in the pristine Antarctic atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Jokinen
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Corresponding author.
| | - M. Sipilä
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. Kontkanen
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - V. Vakkari
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - P. Tisler
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - E.-M. Duplissy
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - H. Junninen
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Environmental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu 50090, Estonia
| | - J. Kangasluoma
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - H. E. Manninen
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- CERN, CH1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T. Petäjä
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Kulmala
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - D. R. Worsnop
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - J. Kirkby
- CERN, CH1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A. Virkkula
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - V.-M. Kerminen
- INAR–Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shawcross A, Murray CS, Kirkby J, Miles J, Pike K, Rees S, Aurora P, Horsley A. P258 Infant lung function testing: a new approach using a rapid, portable system for measuring lung clearance index (LCI) in health and disease. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
5
|
Dunne EM, Gordon H, Kurten A, Almeida J, Duplissy J, Williamson C, Ortega IK, Pringle KJ, Adamov A, Baltensperger U, Barmet P, Benduhn F, Bianchi F, Breitenlechner M, Clarke A, Curtius J, Dommen J, Donahue NM, Ehrhart S, Flagan RC, Franchin A, Guida R, Hakala J, Hansel A, Heinritzi M, Jokinen T, Kangasluoma J, Kirkby J, Kulmala M, Kupc A, Lawler MJ, Lehtipalo K, Makhmutov V, Mann G, Mathot S, Merikanto J, Miettinen P, Nenes A, Onnela A, Rap A, Reddington CLS, Riccobono F, Richards NAD, Rissanen MP, Rondo L, Sarnela N, Schobesberger S, Sengupta K, Simon M, Sipila M, Smith JN, Stozkhov Y, Tome A, Trostl J, Wagner PE, Wimmer D, Winkler PM, Worsnop DR, Carslaw KS. Global atmospheric particle formation from CERN CLOUD measurements. Science 2016; 354:1119-1124. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf2649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
6
|
Rondo L, Ehrhart S, Kürten A, Adamov A, Bianchi F, Breitenlechner M, Duplissy J, Franchin A, Dommen J, Donahue NM, Dunne EM, Flagan RC, Hakala J, Hansel A, Keskinen H, Kim J, Jokinen T, Lehtipalo K, Leiminger M, Praplan A, Riccobono F, Rissanen MP, Sarnela N, Schobesberger S, Simon M, Sipilä M, Smith JN, Tomé A, Tröstl J, Tsagkogeorgas G, Vaattovaara P, Winkler PM, Williamson C, Wimmer D, Baltensperger U, Kirkby J, Kulmala M, Petäjä T, Worsnop DR, Curtius J. Effect of dimethylamine on the gas phase sulfuric acid concentration measured by Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J Geophys Res Atmos 2016; 121:3036-3049. [PMID: 27610289 PMCID: PMC4996328 DOI: 10.1002/2015jd023868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sulfuric acid is widely recognized as a very important substance driving atmospheric aerosol nucleation. Based on quantum chemical calculations it has been suggested that the quantitative detection of gas phase sulfuric acid (H2SO4) by use of Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (CIMS) could be biased in the presence of gas phase amines such as dimethylamine (DMA). An experiment (CLOUD7 campaign) was set up at the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber to investigate the quantitative detection of H2SO4 in the presence of dimethylamine by CIMS at atmospherically relevant concentrations. For the first time in the CLOUD experiment, the monomer sulfuric acid concentration was measured by a CIMS and by two CI-APi-TOF (Chemical Ionization-Atmospheric Pressure interface-Time Of Flight) mass spectrometers. In addition, neutral sulfuric acid clusters were measured with the CI-APi-TOFs. The CLOUD7 measurements show that in the presence of dimethylamine (<5 to 70 pptv) the sulfuric acid monomer measured by the CIMS represents only a fraction of the total H2SO4, contained in the monomer and the clusters that is available for particle growth. Although it was found that the addition of dimethylamine dramatically changes the H2SO4 cluster distribution compared to binary (H2SO4-H2O) conditions, the CIMS detection efficiency does not seem to depend substantially on whether an individual H2SO4 monomer is clustered with a DMA molecule. The experimental observations are supported by numerical simulations based on A Self-contained Atmospheric chemistry coDe coupled with a molecular process model (Sulfuric Acid Water NUCleation) operated in the kinetic limit.
Collapse
|
7
|
Riccobono F, Schobesberger S, Scott CE, Dommen J, Ortega IK, Rondo L, Almeida J, Amorim A, Bianchi F, Breitenlechner M, David A, Downard A, Dunne EM, Duplissy J, Ehrhart S, Flagan RC, Franchin A, Hansel A, Junninen H, Kajos M, Keskinen H, Kupc A, Kurten A, Kvashin AN, Laaksonen A, Lehtipalo K, Makhmutov V, Mathot S, Nieminen T, Onnela A, Petaja T, Praplan AP, Santos FD, Schallhart S, Seinfeld JH, Sipila M, Spracklen DV, Stozhkov Y, Stratmann F, Tome A, Tsagkogeorgas G, Vaattovaara P, Viisanen Y, Vrtala A, Wagner PE, Weingartner E, Wex H, Wimmer D, Carslaw KS, Curtius J, Donahue NM, Kirkby J, Kulmala M, Worsnop DR, Baltensperger U. Oxidation Products of Biogenic Emissions Contribute to Nucleation of Atmospheric Particles. Science 2014; 344:717-21. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1243527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
8
|
Lum S, Sonnappa S, Wade A, Kirkby J, Bonner R, Lee S, Bountziouka V, Legg S, Raywood E, Sears D, Cottam P, Stocks J. S11 Feasibility of conducting complex physiological measurements in london primary schools: the Size & Lung function in children (SLIC) Study: Abstract S11 Table 1. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
9
|
Rajalingam S, Mok Q, Curry J, Eaton, Fettes E, Kirkby J, Aurora P. S6 Long term lung function outcomes in children born with abdominal wall defects. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Brett Smith
- The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, Loughborough University, UK
| | | | - Cassandra Phoenix
- European Centre for the Environment and Human Health, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Joanna Kirkby
- The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, Loughborough University, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aurora P, Stanojevic S, Stocks J, Kirkby J, Bountziouka V, Bourke S, Carr S, Gunn E, Prasad A, Bilton D. WS12.2 The impact of switching to the new global lung function initiative equations on spirometry results in the UK CF registry. J Cyst Fibros 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(13)60071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
12
|
Kirkby J, Bonner R, Lum S, Bates P, Morgan V, Strunk RC, Kirkham F, Sonnappa S, Stocks J. Interpretation of pediatric lung function: impact of ethnicity. Pediatr Pulmonol 2013; 48:20-6. [PMID: 22431502 PMCID: PMC3736844 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.22538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE To evaluate the appropriateness of spirometric and plethysmographic reference equations in healthy young children according to ethnic origin. METHODS Spirometry data were collated in 400 healthy children (214 Black and 186 White) aged 6-12 years. Of these children, 68 Black and 115 White children also undertook plethysmography. Results were expressed as percent predicted according to commonly used equations for spirometry and plethysmography. RESULTS Black children had lower lung function for a given height compared to White children. The magnitude and direction of these differences varied according to specific outcome. In the studied age range (6-12 years) the ethnic-specific Wang equations were adequate for spirometry (mean results approximating 100% predicted in both ethnic groups). By contrast, significant differences were found between observed and % predicted plethysmographic lung volumes according to published equations derived from White children: Among the Black children, function residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC) were on average, 14 and 6% lower than predicted, whereas mean residual volume (RV) and RV/TLC were 4 and 10% higher. Among White children, the Rosenthal equations gave the best fit, with the exception of FRC which was, on average, 9% lower than predicted. CONCLUSION Spirometry equations may suffice in Black children; however, interpretation of static lung volumes in Black children is limited due to inappropriate reference equations. More appropriate plethysmographic reference equations that are applicable to all ethnic groups across the entire age range are urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kirkby
- Portex Unit, Respiratory Physiology and Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kirkby J, Bonner R, Lum S, Sonnappa S, Stocks J. P38 The Impact of Ethnicity on Specific Airways Resistance (sRaw) in Children. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
14
|
Kirkby J, Bonner R, Bates P, Strunk R, Kirkham F, Stocks J, Sonnappa S. S34 Lung Function in Children with Sickle Cell Disease: Abstract S34 Table 1. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
15
|
Lum S, Bonner R, Kirkby J, Sonnappa S, Stocks J. S33 Validation of the GLI-2012 Multi-Ethnic Spirometry Reference Equations in London School Children. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
16
|
Bell AF, Walton K, Chevis JS, Davies K, Manson C, Wypych A, Yoxall A, Kirkby J, Alexander N. Accessing packaged food and beverages in hospital. Exploring experiences of patients and staff. Appetite 2012; 60:231-238. [PMID: 23092758 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Food and beverage packaging has been identified as a contributing factor to malnutrition among elderly patients in hospitals. The focus of this research was to describe the types of food and beverage packaging used in NSW hospitals, determine the 'problematic' packaging from the users' perspective, investigate the effect of hand strength on the ability to open the packaging and to survey users' (patients and staff) views on the 'accessibility' of the packaging. The study was conducted in the Illawarra region of NSW, Australia. Participants (140 mostly elderly inpatients and 64 staff members) were recruited from four local public hospitals. Data were collected using interviews, questionnaires, observations and grip strength testing. Several food and beverage packages were found difficult to open by at least 40% of patients. These included milk and juices (52%), cereal (49%), condiments (46%), tetra packs (40%) and water bottles (40%). The difficulties were attributed to 'fiddly' packaging, hand strength and vision; however, only tetra packs demonstrated a relationship between time taken to open and hand strength, suggesting other aspects of hand function may be more important than strength when opening food and beverage packages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A F Bell
- School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - K Walton
- School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - J S Chevis
- Wollongong Hospital, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Locked Bag 8808, South Coast Mail Centre, NSW 2521, Australia
| | - K Davies
- School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - C Manson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - A Wypych
- School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - A Yoxall
- Art and Design Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 2NU, UK
| | - J Kirkby
- Art and Design Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 2NU, UK
| | - N Alexander
- Art and Design Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 2NU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Banerjee U, Goldring S, Kirkby J, Stocks J, Warner JO, Boyle RJ. P79 Impulse oscillometry for the assessment of lung function deficits associated with preschool wheezing. Thorax 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.150979.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
18
|
Lum S, Kirkby J, Welsh L, Marlow N, Hennessy E, Stocks J. Nature and severity of lung function abnormalities in extremely pre-term children at 11 years of age. Eur Respir J 2010; 37:1199-207. [PMID: 20947682 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00071110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Advances in neonatal care have resulted in increased survival of children born extremely pre-term (EP). Nevertheless the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and long-term respiratory morbidity remains high. We investigated the nature of pathophysiological changes at 11 yrs of age to ascertain whether respiratory morbidity in EP children primarily reflects alterations in the lung periphery or more centralised airway function in this population. Spirometry, plethysmography, diffusing capacity, exhaled nitric oxide, multiple-breath washout, skin tests and methacholine challenge were used during laboratory-based assessments in a subgroup of the 1995 EPICure cohort and in controls. Results were obtained in 49 EP and 52 control children. Lung function abnormalities were found in 78% of EP children, with evidence of airway obstruction, ventilation inhomogeneity, gas trapping and airway hyperresponsiveness. Levels of atopy and exhaled nitric oxide were similar between the groups. Prior wheeze was associated with significant reductions in forced flows and volumes. By contrast, abnormalities of the lung periphery appear to be mediated primarily through EP birth per se. The prevalence of lung function abnormalities, which is largely obstructive in nature and likely to have long-term implications, remains high among 11-yr-old children born EP. Spirometry proved an effective means of detecting these persistent abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lum
- Portex Unit, Respiratory Physiology and Medicine, UCL, Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schotter E, Blythe H, Kirkby J, Rayner K, Liversedge S. Binocular coordination: Reading stereoscopic sentences in depth. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
20
|
Kirkby J, Stanojevic S, Welsh L, Lum S, Badier M, Beardsmore C, Custovic A, Nielsen K, Paton J, Tomalak W, Stocks J. Reference equations for specific airway resistance in children: the Asthma UK initiative. Eur Respir J 2010; 36:622-9. [PMID: 20150205 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00135909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Plethysmographic specific airway resistance (sR(aw)) is a useful research method for discriminating lung disease in young children. Its use in clinical management has, however, been limited by lack of consensus regarding equipment, methodology and reference data. The aim of our study was to collate reference data from healthy children (3-10 yrs), document methodological differences, explore the impact of these differences and construct reference equations from the collated dataset. Centres were approached to contribute sR(aw) data as part of the Asthma UK initiative. A random selection of pressure-flow plots were assessed for quality and site visits elucidated data collection and analysis protocols. Five centres contributed 2,872 measurements. Marked variation in methodology and analysis excluded two centres. sR(aw) over-read sheets were developed for quality control. Reference equations and recommendations for recording and reporting both specific effective and total airway resistance (sR(eff) and sR(tot), respectively) were developed for White European children from 1,908 measurements made under similar conditions. Reference sR(aw) data collected from a single centre may be misleading, as methodological differences exist between centres. These preliminary reference equations can only be applied under similar measurement conditions. Given the potential clinical usefulness of sR(aw), particularly with respect to sR(eff), methodological guidelines need to be established and used in prospective data collection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kirkby
- Portex Respiratory Unit, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kirkby J, Welsh L, Lum S, Fawke J, Rowell V, Thomas S, Marlow N, Stocks J. The EPICure study: comparison of pediatric spirometry in community and laboratory settings. Pediatr Pulmonol 2008; 43:1233-41. [PMID: 19009621 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.20950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Accuracy of spirometry testing is a prerequisite for its use as an objective outcome measure in large epidemiological studies. We compared spirometry measurements obtained by trained pediatricians in a variety of school settings with those obtained in the laboratory by respiratory physiologists. METHODS Following a 3-day training course, three pediatricians carried out spirometry in children born extremely preterm (EP) and age matched controls in schools across the UK and Ireland (The EPICure study). A subgroup had repeated measurements in the laboratory. Spirometric flows and volumes were expressed as Z-scores. Bland-Altman analysis was used to calculate within-subject differences. RESULTS Fifty children (40% boys), 37 (74%) of whom were born EP, with a mean age 10.8 years had paired spirometry results (average interval between tests: 20.3 weeks). There was no statistically significant difference between any of the outcome variables: mean (95% CI of difference) in Z-scores [school-laboratory]) being 0.0 (-0.1; 0.1) for FEV(1), 0.1 (-0.1; 0.3) for FVC, -0.1 (-0.3; 0.1) for FEF(25-75), and 0.0 (-0.3; 0.1) for FEV(1)/FVC. Within individuals, the 95% limits of agreement for repeated measures were within +/- 1 Z-score for FEV(1) and FVC, and within +/- 1.5 Z-score for FEF(25-75) and FEV(1)/FVC. CONCLUSION With appropriate training, quality control, and support, pediatric spirometry can reliably be performed outside the lung function laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kirkby
- Portex Anaesthesia, Intensive Therapy, Respiratory Medicine and Respiratory Physiology Unit, UCL, Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
It has been proposed that Earth's climate could be affected by changes in cloudiness caused by variations in the intensity of galactic cosmic rays in the atmosphere. This proposal stems from an observed correlation between cosmic ray intensity and Earth's average cloud cover over the course of one solar cycle. Some scientists question the reliability of the observations, whereas others, who accept them as reliable, suggest that the correlation may be caused by other physical phenomena with decadal periods or by a response to volcanic activity or El Niño. Nevertheless, the observation has raised the intriguing possibility that a cosmic ray-cloud interaction may help explain how a relatively small change in solar output can produce much larger changes in Earth's climate. Physical mechanisms have been proposed to explain how cosmic rays could affect clouds, but they need to be investigated further if the observation is to become more than just another correlation among geophysical variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Carslaw
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of the Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Murphy MJ, Voss LD, Metcalf BS, Jeffery AN, Mallam K, Kirkby J, Wilkin TJ. Comment to: C. S. Yajnik et al. (2001) Paternal insulin resistance and fetal growth. Diabetologia 44: 1197-1198. Diabetologia 2002; 45:595; author reply 596-7. [PMID: 12032639 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-002-0784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
24
|
Abstract
Patient-controlled sedation (PCS) using propofol has been reported to provide safe and effective sedation during a variety of procedures performed under regional or local anesthesia. In a prospective, randomized fashion, this study evaluated propofol PCS compared to anesthesiologist-administered midazolam-fentanyl sedation during interventional neuroradiologic (INR) procedures. Nineteen patients undergoing 24 INR procedures received propofol PCS (PCS dose, 0.5 mg/kg; lockout interval, 3 min) or anesthesiologist-administered midazolam-fentanyl sedation. Study parameters included discomfort, sedation and anxiety visual analogue scores (VAS), cognitive function, patient satisfaction, and complications. No difference was found between the two sedation techniques with respect to the levels of sedation and anxiolysis. Cognitive function was well preserved in both groups. Patient satisfaction was similarly high in both groups. Complications were similar between groups. These included ventilatory depression (two patients in each group) and excessive sedation (two patients in each group). Three patients in the propofol group became excessively restless, resulting in brief interruptions during the respective procedures. Propofol PCS offers a safe sedation technique during INR procedures with a sedation and anxiolysis profile that was not distinguishable from anesthesiologist-administered midazolam-fentanyl sedation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Herrick
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kirkby J, O'Keefe P, Convery I, Howell D. Evaluation of disaster assistance. Disasters 1997; 21:177-180. [PMID: 9204633 DOI: 10.1111/1467-7717.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
26
|
Herrick IA, Craen RA, Gelb AW, McLachlan RS, Girvin JP, Parrent AG, Eliasziw M, Kirkby J. Propofol sedation during awake craniotomy for seizures: electrocorticographic and epileptogenic effects. Anesth Analg 1997; 84:1280-4. [PMID: 9174307 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-199706000-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This prospective study evaluated the effects of propofol sedation on the incidence of intraoperative seizures and the adequacy of electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings during awake craniotomy performed for the management of refractory epilepsy. Thirty patients scheduled for temporal or frontal lobectomy for epilepsy under bupivacaine scalp block were randomized to receive patient-controlled propofol sedation (PCS) combined with a basal infusion of propofol (n = 15) or neurolept analgesia using an initial bolus dose of fentanyl (0.7 microg/kg) and droperidol (0.04 mg/kg) followed by a fentanyl infusion (n = 15). Propofol administration was suspended 15 min before ECoG recording in the PCS group. The occurrence of inappropriate intraoperative seizures was noted and, based on blind review, the adequacy of ECoG recordings was compared. A higher incidence of intraoperative seizures was noted among the neurolept patients (6 vs 0, P = 0.008). Intraoperatively, ECoG recordings were adequate to proceed with resection in both groups. Evidence of low spike activity on ECoG did not correlate with the type of sedation administered. Higher frequency background ECoG activity was noted among patients who received propofol, but this did not interfere with ECoG interpretation. The use of propofol sedation does not appear to interfere with ECoG during epilepsy surgery, provided administration is suspended at least 15 min before recording.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Herrick
- Department of Anaesthesia, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Herrick IA, Craen RA, Gelb AW, Miller LA, Kubu CS, Girvin JP, Parrent AG, Eliasziw M, Kirkby J. Propofol sedation during awake craniotomy for seizures: patient-controlled administration versus neurolept analgesia. Anesth Analg 1997; 84:1285-91. [PMID: 9174308 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-199706000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This prospective study evaluated the safety and efficacy of patient-controlled sedation (PCS) using propofol during awake seizure surgery performed under bupivacaine scalp blocks. Thirty-seven patients were randomized to receive either propofol PCS combined with a basal infusion of propofol (n = 20) or neurolept analgesia using an initial bolus dose of fentanyl and droperidol followed by a fentanyl infusion (n = 17). Both groups received supplemental fentanyl and dimenhydrinate for intraoperative pain and nausea, respectively. Comparisons were made between groups for sedation, memory, and cognitive function, patient satisfaction, and incidence of complications. Levels of intraoperative sedation and patient satisfaction were similar between groups. Memory and cognitive function were well preserved in both groups. The incidence of transient episodes of ventilatory rate depression (<8 bpm) was more frequent among the propofol patients (5 vs 0, P = 0.04), particularly after supplemental doses of opioid. Intraoperative seizures were more common among the neurolept patients (7 vs 0, P = 0.002). PCS using propofol represents an effective alternative to neurolept analgesia during awake seizure surgery performed in a monitored care environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Herrick
- Department of Anaesthesia, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Little information is available regarding the use of patient-controlled sedation (PCS) among the elderly. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of propofol PCS among elderly patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty. METHODS Forty patients, aged 65-78 yr, undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty under regional anaesthesia were randomized to receive propofol PCS (dose = 0.3 mg.kg-1, delay = three min; n = 20) or anaesthetist-administered midazolam-fentanyl sedation (n = 20). Sedation, anxiety and discomfort visual analogue scores (VAS) were measured, by an independent observer, preoperatively, immediately at the end of surgery and one hour following admission to the postanaesthetic care unit (PACU). Cognition was evaluated, using an abbreviated Mini Mental Status Examination, preoperatively and in the PACU. Patient satisfaction, based on VAS and a brief questionnaire, was measured in the PACU. The incidence of intraoperative complications was also compared. RESULTS Patient satisfaction was high in each group. Sedation and anxiety VAS were similar in each group. A high incidence of pain with drug injection was noted among patients receiving propofol (80%). Transient deeper levels of sedation (6 vs 1; P = 0.05) were observed more commonly in the propofol PCS group. CONCLUSION Propofol PCS provides effective sedation. Using a propofol dose of 0.3 mg.kg-1, transient episodes of deeper sedation were noted more frequently among patients receiving PCS. These episodes did not require intervention but, suggest that this propofol PCS dose approaches the limit of safety and should be further reduced for some elderly patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ganapathy
- Department of Anaesthesia, University of Western Ontario, St. Joseph's Health Centre, London, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Herrick IA, Gelb AW, Nichols B, Kirkby J. Patient-controlled propofol sedation for elderly patients: safety and patient attitude toward control. Can J Anaesth 1996; 43:1014-8. [PMID: 8896852 DOI: 10.1007/bf03011902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Little information is available regarding the use of patient-controlled sedation (PCS) among elderly patients undergoing operative procedures under local or regional anaesthesia. This prospective, randomized study evaluated the safety of propofol PCS, and the attitude among elderly patients toward self-administration of sedation during cataract surgery. METHODS Prospective, randomized study conducted in a University affiliated, tertiary-care hospital. Fifty-five elderly patients (aged 65-79 yr) were randomized to receive propofol patient-controlled sedation (PCS) (n = 28) or no intraoperative sedation (n = 27) during cataract surgery performed under peribulbar block. The PCS parameters consisted of a lockout interval of three minutes and a PCS dose of 0.3 mg.kg-1. Study groups were compared with respect to sedation, anxiety and discomfort visual analogue scores (VAS), cognitive functioning, patient satisfaction and the incidence of intraoperative complications. RESULTS Patients in the PCS group administered a mean propofol dose of 65 +/- 49 mg during procedures with a mean duration of 46 min. The incidence of intraoperative complications and sedation, anxiety and discomfort VAS were similar between groups. Patient satisfaction with PCS was high. In the PCS group, 10 (35%) of the 28 patients did not use the device because they were comfortable and did not feel they needed sedation. Satisfaction was higher in the PCS group (P = 0.02), whether or not they used the PCS device, compared with patients who did not receive a PCS device. CONCLUSIONS Propofol PCS represents a safe sedation technique among elderly patients in a monitored care setting. Elderly patients appear to prefer the option of receiving some form of intraoperative sedation and respond favourably to the opportunity to control administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Herrick
- Department of Anaesthesia, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, University Campus, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Herrick IA, Ganapathy S, Komar W, Kirkby J, Moote CA, Dobkowski W, Eliasziw M. Postoperative cognitive impairment in the elderly. Choice of patient-controlled analgesia opioid. Anaesthesia 1996; 51:356-60. [PMID: 8686825 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb07748.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the safety and cognitive impact of patient-controlled analgesia with fentanyl compared to patient-controlled analgesia with morphine among elderly postoperative patients. In addition, two screening tests for cognitive impairment, the Mini Mental Status Exam and the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, were compared. Ninety-six elderly patients were randomly allocated to receive patient-controlled analgesia with either fentanyl or morphine following hip or knee arthroplasty. Patients were evaluated postoperatively for clinical confusion, cognitive function test results, adequacy of analgesia, drug use and complications. Fentanyl produced less depression in postoperative cognitive function compared to morphine. The incidence of clinical confusion was not statistically different between groups (4.3% for fentanyl versus 14.3% for morphine). Fentanyl patients used more opioid based on a dose ratio of 100:1 suggesting that this dose ratio is inadequate. The incidence of urinary retention was lower in the fentanyl group. A poor agreement between the two tests of cognitive impairment mandates caution when peri-operative cognitive function is compared using different tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Herrick
- Department of Anaesthesia, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Klem DE, Atwood WB, Barish BC, Bonneaud GR, Courau A, Donaldson GJ, Dubois R, Duro MM, Elsen EE, Gao SG, Huang YZ, Irwin GM, Johnson RP, Kichimi H, Kirkby J, Koop DE, Ludwig J, Mills GB, Ogawa A, Pal T, Pitthan R, Pollard DL, Prescott CY, Rochester LS, Ruckstuhl W, Sakuda M, Sherman SS, Stroynowski R, Wang SQ, Wojcicki SG, Yamamoto H, Yan WG, Young CC. Measurement of the average lifetime of hadrons containing bottom quarks. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1988; 37:41-51. [PMID: 9958517 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.37.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
32
|
Ruckstuhl W, Stroynowski R, Atwood WB, Barish BC, Bonneaud GR, Courau A, Donaldson GJ, Dubois R, Duro MM, Elsen EE, Gao SG, Huang YZ, Irwin GM, Johnson RP, Kichimi H, Kirkby J, Klem DE, Koop DE, Ludwig J, Mills GB, Ogawa A, Pal T, Pitthan R, Pollard DL, Prescott CY, Rochester LS, Sakuda M, Sherman SS, Wang SQ, Wojcicki SG, Yamamoto H, Yan WG, Young CC. Study of three-prong tau decays and determination of the A1 parameters. Phys Rev Lett 1986; 56:2132-2135. [PMID: 10032899 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.56.2132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
33
|
Pal T, Atwood WB, Barish BC, Bonneaud GR, Courau A, Donaldson GJ, Dubois R, Duro MM, Elsen EE, Gao SG, Huang YZ, Irwin GM, Johnson RP, Kichimi H, Kirkby J, Klem DE, Koop DE, Ludwig J, Mills GB, Ogawa A, Pitthan R, Pollard DL, Prescott CY, Rochester LS, Ruckstuhl W, Sakuda M, Sherman SS, Stroynowski R, Wang SQ, Wojcicki SG, Yamamoto H, Yan WG, Young CC. Prompt electron production from the DELCO detector at the SLAC storage ring PEP. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1986; 33:2708-2710. [PMID: 9956958 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.33.2708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
34
|
Yamamoto H, Atwood WB, Baillon PH, Barish BC, Bonneaud GR, Courau A, Donaldson GJ, Dubois R, Duro MM, Elsen EE, Gao SG, Huang YZ, Irwin GM, Johnson R, Kichimi H, Kirkby J, Klem DE, Koop DE, Ludwig J, Mills GB, Ogawa A, Pal T, Perret-Gallix D, Pitthan R, Pollard DL, Prescott CY, Rivkin LZ, Rochester LS, Ruckstuhl W, Sakuda M, Sherman S, Siskind EJ, Stroynowski R, Wang SQ, Wojcicki SG, Yan WG, Young CC. Measurement of D0 lifetime in e+e- annihilation at high energy. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1985; 32:2901-2910. [PMID: 9956072 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.32.2901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
35
|
Mills GB, Pal T, Atwood WB, Baillon PH, Barish BC, Bonneaud GR, Courau A, Donaldson GJ, Dubois R, Duro MM, Elsen EE, Gao SG, Huang YZ, Irwin GM, Johnson RP, Kichimi H, Kirkby J, Klem DE, Koop DE, Ludwig J, Ogawa A, Perret-Gallix D, Pitthan R, Pollard DL, Prescott CY, Rivkin LZ, Rochester LS, Ruckstuhl W, Sakuda M, Sherman SS, Siskind EJ, Stroynowski R, Wang SQ, Wojcicki SG, Yamamoto H, Yan WG, Young CC. Upper bound on the tau -neutrino mass from the previously unobserved decay mode tau -->KK pi nu tau. Phys Rev Lett 1985; 54:624-627. [PMID: 10031573 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.54.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
36
|
Yamamoto H, Atwood WB, Baillon PH, Barish BC, Bonneaud GR, Courau A, Donaldson GJ, Dubois R, Duro MM, Elsen EE, Gao SG, Huang YZ, Irwin GM, Johnson R, Kichimi H, Kirkby J, Klem DE, Koop DE, Ludwig J, Mills GB, Ogawa A, Pal T, Perret-Gallix D, Pitthan R, Pollard DL, Prescott CY, Rivkin LZ, Rochester LS, Ruckstuhl W, Sakuda M, Sherman S, Siskind EJ, Stroynowski R, Wang SQ, Wojcicki SG, Yan WG, Young CC. Charged D production in e+e- annihilation at 29 GeV and a limit on D0-D-bar 0 mixing. Phys Rev Lett 1985; 54:522-525. [PMID: 10031540 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.54.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
37
|
Donaldson G, Hitlin D, Kennelly R, Kirkby J, Liu J, Rothenberg A, Wojcicki S. Experimental study ofKL0→π+π−γand other rare decay modes. Int J Clin Exp Med 1976. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.14.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|