1
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Gaskill SE, Skinner JS, Quindry J. Ventilatory Threshold Related to V̇O 2 reserve, Heart Rate Reserve, and Rating of Perceived Exertion in a Large Varied Sample. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1876-1885. [PMID: 37202881 PMCID: PMC10524184 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE ACSM guidelines state that aerobic exercise intensity should be 30%/40% to 89% V̇O 2 reserve (V̇O 2 R) or heart rate reserve (HRR). Determining the proper intensity within this range is the "art" of exercise prescription, often relying on rating of perceived exertion (RPE) as the adjunctive intensity modulator. Current guidelines do not consider the use of ventilatory threshold (VT) due to the need for specialized equipment and methodological issues. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate VT related to V̇O 2peak , V̇O 2 R, HRR, and RPE across the full spectrum of very low to very high V̇O 2peak values. METHODS Eight hundred and sixty-three records of exercise tests were retrospectively examined. Data were stratified for V̇O 2peak , activity level, age, test modality, and sex. RESULTS When stratified for V̇O 2peak , V̇O 2 at VT (V̇O 2 vt) had a lower mean value of ~14 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 in the lowest fit, rose gradually until median V̇O 2peak , and rose steeply thereafter. When graphed relative to V̇O 2peak , V̇O 2 vt as a percentage of V̇O 2 R (VT%V̇O 2 R) resembled a U-shaped curve, with a nadir ~43% V̇O 2 R at V̇O 2peak ~40 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 . Average VT%V̇O 2 R increased to ~75% in groups with the lowest or highest V̇O 2peak . There was a large variance in the value of VT at all V̇O 2peak levels. Mean RPE at VT was 12.5 ± 0.93, regardless of V̇O 2peak . CONCLUSIONS Given the relationship of VT as the transition from moderate- to higher-intensity exercise, these data may help the understanding of aerobic exercise prescription in persons across the spectrum of V̇O 2peak values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E. Gaskill
- University of Montana, Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, Missoula, MT
| | | | - John Quindry
- University of Montana, Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, Missoula, MT
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2
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Ruby BC, Coker RH, Sol J, Quindry J, Montain SJ. Physiology of the Wildland Firefighter: Managing Extreme Energy Demands in Hostile, Smoky, Mountainous Environments. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4587-4615. [PMID: 36994767 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Wildland firefighters (WLFFs) are inserted as the front-line defense to minimize loss of natural resources, property, and human life when fires erupt in forested regions of the world. The WLFF occupation is physically demanding as exemplified by total daily energy expenditures that can exceed 25 MJ/day (6000 calories). WLFFs must also cope with complex physical and environmental situations (i.e., heat, altitude, smoke, compromised sleep, elevated stress) which challenge thermoregulatory responses, impair recovery, and increase short- and long-term injury/health risks while presenting logistical obstacles to nutrient and fluid replenishment. The occupation also imposes emotional strain on both the firefighter and their families. The long-term implications of wildfire management and suppression on the physical and mental health of WLFFs are significant, as the frequency and intensity of wildland fire outbreaks as well as the duration of the fire season is lengthening and expected to continue to expand over the next three decades. This article details the physical demands and emerging health concerns facing WLFFs, in addition to the challenges that the U.S. Forest Service and other international agencies must address to protect the health and performance of WLFFs and their ability to endure the strain of an increasingly dangerous work environment. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4587-4615, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent C Ruby
- Montana Center for Work Physiology and Exercise Metabolism, School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Robert H Coker
- Montana Center for Work Physiology and Exercise Metabolism, School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Joe Sol
- National Technology and Development Program, United States Forest Service, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - John Quindry
- Cardioprotection Laboratory, School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Scott J Montain
- Montana Center for Work Physiology and Exercise Metabolism, School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
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3
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Ko J, Jang YC, Quindry J, Guttmann R, Cosio-Lima L, Powers SK, Lee Y. Exercise-Induced Antisenescence and Autophagy Restoration Mitigate Metabolic Disorder-Induced Cardiac Disruption in Mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:376-388. [PMID: 36251370 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic disorder promotes premature senescence and poses more severe cardiac dysfunction in females than males. Although endurance exercise (EXE) has been known to confer cardioprotection against metabolic diseases, whether EXE-induced cardioprotection is associated with mitigating senescence in females remains unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine metabolic disorder-induced cardiac anomalies (cellular senescence, metabolic signaling, and autophagy) using a mouse model of obese/type 2 diabetes induced by a high-fat/high-fructose (HFD/HF) diet. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice (10 wk old) were assigned to three groups ( n = 11/group): normal diet group (CON), HFD/HF group, and HFD/HF diet + endurance exercise (HFD/HF + EXE) group. Upon confirmation of hyperglycemia and overweight after 12 wk of HFD/HF diet, mice assigned to HFD/HF + EXE group started treadmill running exercise (60 min·d -1 , 5 d·wk -1 for 12 wk), with HFD/HF diet continued. RESULTS EXE ameliorated HFD/HF-induced body weight gain and hyperglycemia, improved insulin signaling and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) levels, and counteracted cardiac disruption. EXE reversed HFD/HF-induced myocyte premature senescence (e.g., prevention of p53, p21, p16, and lipofuscin accumulation), resulting in suppression of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype such as inflammation (tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β) and oxidative stress (protein carbonylation). Moreover, EXE restored HFD/HF-induced autophagy flux deficiency, evidenced by increased LC3-II concomitant with p62 reduction and restoration of lysosome function-related proteins (LAMP2, CATHEPSIN L, TFEB, and SIRT1). More importantly, EXE retrieved HFD/HF-induced apoptosis arrest (e.g., increased cleaved CASPASE3, PARP, and TUNEL-positive cells). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that EXE-induced antisenescence phenotypes, autophagy restoration, and promotion of propitiatory cell removal by apoptosis play a crucial role in cardiac protection against metabolic distress-induced cardiac disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joungbo Ko
- Department of Movement Sciences and Health, Usha Kundu, MD College of Health, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL
| | - Young C Jang
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Emory Musculoskeletal Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - John Quindry
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
| | - Rodney Guttmann
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL
| | - Ludmila Cosio-Lima
- Department of Movement Sciences and Health, Usha Kundu, MD College of Health, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL
| | | | - Youngil Lee
- Department of Movement Sciences and Health, Usha Kundu, MD College of Health, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL
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Franklin BA, Eijsvogels TM, Pandey A, Quindry J, Toth PP. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations. Am J Prev Cardiol 2022; 12:100425. [PMID: 36281325 PMCID: PMC9586849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prescription of exercise for individuals with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD) should be scientifically-based yet adapted to the patient. This scientific statement reviews the clinical and physiologic basis for the prescription of exercise, with specific reference to the volume of physical activity (PA) and level of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) that confer significant and optimal cardioprotective benefits. Recommendations are provided regarding the appropriate intensity, frequency, and duration of training; the concept of MET-minutes per week; critical components of the exercise session (warm-up, conditioning phase, cool-down); methodologies for establishing the training intensity, including oxygen uptake reserve (V̇O2R), target heart rate derivation and rating perceived exertion; minimum and goal intensities for exercise training; and, types of training activities, including resistance training, adjunctive lifestyle PA, marathon/triathlon training, and high-intensity interval training. In addition, we discuss the rationale for and value of exercise training programs for patients with peripheral artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry A. Franklin
- Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Thijs M.H. Eijsvogels
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ambarish Pandey
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John Quindry
- Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- International Heart Institute – St. Patrick's Hospital, Providence Medical Center, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Peter P. Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Franklin BA, Eijsvogels TM, Pandey A, Quindry J, Toth PP. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the ASPC Part I: Bioenergetics, contemporary physical activity recommendations, benefits, risks, extreme exercise regimens, potential maladaptations. Am J Prev Cardiol 2022; 12:100424. [PMID: 36281324 PMCID: PMC9586848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) and increased levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) or aerobic capacity are widely promoted as cardioprotective measures in the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD). Nevertheless, physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors remain a worldwide concern. The continuing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has been especially devastating to patients with known or occult CVD since sitting time and recreational PA have been reported to increase and decrease by 28% and 33%, respectively. Herein, in this first of a 2-part series, we discuss foundational factors in exercise programming, with specific reference to energy metabolism, contemporary PA recommendations, the dose-response relationship of exercise as medicine, the benefits of regular exercise training, including the exercise preconditioning cardioprotective phenotype, as well as the CV risks of PA. Finally, we discuss the 'extreme exercise hypothesis,' specifically the potential maladaptations resulting from high-volume, high-intensity training programs, including accelerated coronary artery calcification and incident atrial fibrillation. The latter is commonly depicted by a reverse J-shaped or U-shaped curve. On the other hand, longevity data argue against this relationship, as elite endurance athletes live 3-6 years longer than the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry A. Franklin
- Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
- Professor, Internal Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Thijs M.H. Eijsvogels
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ambarish Pandey
- Department of Internal Medicine at UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, Michigan, USA
| | - John Quindry
- Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana and International Heart Institute – St. Patrick's Hospital, Providence Medical Center, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Peter P. Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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6
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Sol JA, Quindry J. A Novel Collection Of Exhaled Breath Condensate. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000878536.82290.fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Franklin BA, Quindry J. High level physical activity in cardiac rehabilitation: Implications for exercise training and leisure-time pursuits. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 70:22-32. [PMID: 34971650 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and increased levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are widely promoted as cardioprotective measures in secondary prevention interventions. OBSERVATIONS A low level of CRF increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) to a greater extent than merely being physically inactive. An exercise capacity <5 metabolic equivalents (METs), generally corresponding to the bottom 20% of the fitness continuum, indicates a higher mortality group. Accordingly, a key objective in early cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is to increase the intensity of training to >3 METs, to empower patients to vacate this "high risk" group. Moreover, a "good" exercise capacity, expressed as peak METs, identifies individuals with a favorable long-term prognosis, regardless of the underlying extent of coronary disease. On the other hand, vigorous-to-high intensity physical activity, particularly when unaccustomed, and some competitive sports are associated with a greater incidence of acute cardiovascular events. Marathon and triathlon training/competition also have limited applicability and value in CR, are associated with acute cardiac events each year, and do not necessarily provide immunity to the development of or the progression of CVD. Furthermore, extreme endurance exercise regimens are associated with an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation and accelerated coronary artery calcification. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE High-intensity training offers a time-saving alternative to moderate intensity continuous training, as well as other potential advantages. Additional long-term studies assessing safety, adherence, and morbidity and mortality are required before high-intensity CR training can be more widely recommended, especially in previously sedentary patients with known or suspected CVD exercising in non-medically supervised settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry A Franklin
- Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States of America; Internal Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, United States of America.
| | - John Quindry
- Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, Bulgaria; International Heart Institute - St Patrick's Hospital, Providence Medical Center, Missoula, Montana, Bulgaria
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Steele S, Williamson-Reisdorph C, Dybdal L, Quindry J. Four weeks of trauma-informed yoga intervention and autonomic tone in female veteran and non-veteran college students. jhse 2021. [DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2022.173.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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9
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Quindry J, Williamson-Reisdorph C, French J. Health and fitness benefits using a heart rate intensity-based group fitness exercise regimen. jhse 2019. [DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2020.153.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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10
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Spaulding HR, Quindry T, Quindry J, Selsby J. Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Interventions Improve Fatigue Resistance in Dystrophic Skeletal Muscle. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.853.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Quindry
- Health & Human PerformanceUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMT
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11
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Ross C, Shute R, Zak R, Ruby B, Quindry J, Slivka D. Effects of Hypobaric and Normobaric Hypoxia on Myogenic and Proteolytic Gene Expression in Humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000517520.59628.2a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Mobley CB, Kirby T, Ballmann C, Quindry J, McCarthy JJ, Roberts MD. Inducible Overexpression of p21Cip1 in Myotubes Promotes Increases in Protein Synthesis and Myotube Hypertrophy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000518274.40775.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Quindry J, Dumke C, Slivka D, Ruby B. Impact of extreme exercise at high altitude on oxidative stress in humans. J Physiol 2016; 594:5093-104. [PMID: 26453842 PMCID: PMC5023697 DOI: 10.1113/jp270651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise and oxidative stress research continues to grow as a physiological subdiscipline. The influence of high altitude on exercise and oxidative stress is among the recent topics of intense study in this area. Early findings indicate that exercise at high altitude has an independent influence on free radical generation and the resultant oxidative stress. This review provides a detailed summary of oxidative stress biochemistry as gleaned mainly from studies of humans exercising at high altitude. Understanding of the human response to exercise at altitude is largely derived from field-based research at altitudes above 3000 m in addition to laboratory studies which employ normobaric hypoxia. The implications of oxidative stress incurred during high altitude exercise appear to be a transient increase in oxidative damage followed by redox-sensitive adaptations in multiple tissues. These outcomes are consistent for lowland natives, high altitude acclimated sojourners and highland natives, although the latter group exhibits a more robust adaptive response. To date there is no evidence that altitude-induced oxidative stress is deleterious to normal training or recovery scenarios. Limited evidence suggests that deleterious outcomes related to oxidative stress are limited to instances where individuals are exposed to extreme elevations for extended durations. However, confirmation of this tentative conclusion requires further investigation. More applicably, altitude-induced hypoxia may have an independent influence on redox-sensitive adaptive responses to exercise and exercise recovery. If correct, these findings may hold important implications for athletes, mountaineers, and soldiers working at high altitude. These points are raised within the confines of published research on the topic of oxidative stress during exercise at altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Quindry
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | - Charles Dumke
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Dustin Slivka
- School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brent Ruby
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Montana Centre for Work Physiology and Exercise Metabolism, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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Mouli S, Nanayakkara G, AlAlasmari A, Eldoumani H, Fu X, Berlin A, Lohani M, Nie B, Arnold RD, Kavazis A, Smith F, Beyers R, Denney T, Dhanasekaran M, Zhong J, Quindry J, Amin R. The role of frataxin in doxorubicin-mediated cardiac hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H844-59. [PMID: 26209053 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00182.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective anti-neoplastic agent; however, its cumulative dosing schedules are clinically limited by the development of cardiotoxicity. Previous studies have attributed the cause of DOX-mediated cardiotoxicity to mitochondrial iron accumulation and the ensuing reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. The present study investigates the role of frataxin (FXN), a mitochondrial iron-sulfur biogenesis protein, and its role in development of DOX-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Athymic mice treated with DOX (5 mg/kg, 1 dose/wk with treatments, followed by 2-wk recovery) displayed left ventricular hypertrophy, as observed by impaired cardiac hemodynamic performance parameters. Furthermore, we also observed significant reduction in FXN expression in DOX-treated animals and H9C2 cardiomyoblast cell lines, resulting in increased mitochondrial iron accumulation and the ensuing ROS formation. This observation was paralleled in DOX-treated H9C2 cells by a significant reduction in the mitochondrial bioenergetics, as observed by the reduction of myocardial energy regulation. Surprisingly, similar results were observed in our FXN knockdown stable cell lines constructed by lentiviral technology using short hairpin RNA. To better understand the cardioprotective role of FXN against DOX, we constructed FXN overexpressing cardiomyoblasts, which displayed cardioprotection against mitochondrial iron accumulation, ROS formation, and reduction of mitochondrial bioenergetics. Lastly, our FXN overexpressing cardiomyoblasts were protected from DOX-mediated cardiac hypertrophy. Together, our findings reveal novel insights into the development of DOX-mediated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravanthi Mouli
- Department of Drug, Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Gayani Nanayakkara
- Department of Drug, Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Abdullah AlAlasmari
- Department of Drug, Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Haitham Eldoumani
- Department of Drug, Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Department of Drug, Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Avery Berlin
- Department of Drug, Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Madhukar Lohani
- Department of Drug, Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Ben Nie
- Department of Drug, Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Robert D Arnold
- Department of Drug, Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | | | - Forrest Smith
- Department of Drug, Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Ronald Beyers
- Auburn University MRI Research Center, Auburn, Alabama; and
| | - Thomas Denney
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Auburn University MRI Research Center, Auburn, Alabama; and
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug, Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Juming Zhong
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - John Quindry
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Rajesh Amin
- Department of Drug, Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama;
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15
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Nanayakkara G, Alasmari A, Mouli S, Eldoumani H, Quindry J, McGinnis G, Fu X, Berlin A, Peters B, Zhong J, Amin R. Cardioprotective HIF-1α-frataxin signaling against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H867-79. [PMID: 26071548 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00875.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the protective signaling of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 α against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart. In the present study, we provide further evidence for a cardioprotective mechanism by HIF-1α against I/R injury exerted via the mitochondrial protein frataxin, which regulates mitochondrial Fe-S cluster formation. Disruption of frataxin has been found to induce mitochondrial iron overload and subsequent ROS production. We observed that frataxin expression was elevated in mice hearts subjected to I/R injury, and this response was blunted in cardiomyocyte-specific HIF-1α knockout (KO) mice. Furthermore, these HIF-1α KO mice sustained extensive cardiac damage from I/R injury compared with control mice. Similarly, reduction of HIF-1α by RNA inhibition resulted in an attenuation of frataxin expression in response to hypoxia in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Therefore, we postulated that HIF-1α transcriptionally regulates frataxin expression in response to hypoxia and offers a cardioprotective mechanism against ischemic injury. Our promoter activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the presence of a functional hypoxia response element in the frataxin promoter. Our data also suggest that increased frataxin mitigated mitochondrial iron overload and subsequent ROS production, thus preserving mitochondrial membrane integrity and viability of cardiomyocytes. We postulate that frataxin may exert its beneficial effects by acting as an iron storage protein under hypoxia and subsequently facilitates the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential and promotes cell survival. The findings from our study revealed that HIF-1α-frataxin signaling promotes a protective mechanism against hypoxic/ischemic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayani Nanayakkara
- Cardio-Metabolic Lab, Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Abdullah Alasmari
- Cardio-Metabolic Lab, Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Shravanthi Mouli
- Cardio-Metabolic Lab, Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Haitham Eldoumani
- Cardio-Metabolic Lab, Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - John Quindry
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; and
| | - Graham McGinnis
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; and
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Cardio-Metabolic Lab, Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Avery Berlin
- Cardio-Metabolic Lab, Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Bridget Peters
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; and
| | - Juming Zhong
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Rajesh Amin
- Cardio-Metabolic Lab, Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama;
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Price B, Blessing D, Quindry J, Oliver G, Esco M, Taylor K, Feito Y, Kliszczewicz B. The Catecholamine Response of CrossFit vs. Traditional Treadmill Running. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000477550.21176.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Kliszczewicz B, Quindry J, Oliver G, Blessing D, Esco M, Taylor K. Oxidative Stress Response Of Crossfit Vs. Treadmill Running. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000477551.59294.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Peters B, Ballmann C, Mcginnis G, Epstein E, Hyatt H, Slivka D, Cuddy J, Hailes W, Dumke C, Ruby B, Quindry J. Graded hypoxia and blood oxidative stress during exercise recovery. J Sports Sci 2015; 34:56-66. [PMID: 25871479 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1031164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Altitude exposure and exercise elicit oxidative stress in blood; however, exercise recovery at 5000 m attenuates oxidative stress. The purpose was to determine the altitude threshold at which blood oxidative stress is blunted during exercise recovery. Twelve males 18-28 years performed four-cycle ergometry bouts (60 min, 70% VO2max, at 975 m). In a randomised counterbalanced crossover design, participants recovered 6 h at 0, 1667, 3333 and 5000 m in a normobaric hypoxia chamber (recovery altitudes were simulated by using a computerised system in an environmental chamber by lowering the partial pressure of oxygen to match that of the respective altitude). Oxygen saturation was monitored throughout exercise recovery. Blood samples obtained pre-, post-, 1 h post- and 5 h post-exercise were assayed for ferric-reducing antioxidant plasma, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, uric acid, lipid hydroperoxides and protein carbonyls. Muscle biopsies obtained pre and 6 h were analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction to quantify expression of hemeoxgenase 1, superoxide dismutase 2 and nuclear factor (euthyroid-derived 2)-like factor. Pulse oximetry data were similar during exercise, but decreased for the three highest recovery elevations (0 m = 0%, 1667 m = -3%; 3333 m = -7%; 5000 m = -17%). A time-dependent oxidative stress occurred following exercise for all variables, but the two highest recovery altitudes partially attenuated the lipid hydroperoxide response (0 m = +135%, 1667 m = +251%, 3333 m = +99%; 5000 m = +108%). Data may indicate an altitude threshold between 1667 and 3333 m, above which the oxidative stress response is blunted during exercise recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Peters
- a Cardioprotection Laboratory, School of Kinesiology , Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Christopher Ballmann
- a Cardioprotection Laboratory, School of Kinesiology , Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Graham Mcginnis
- a Cardioprotection Laboratory, School of Kinesiology , Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Erin Epstein
- a Cardioprotection Laboratory, School of Kinesiology , Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Hayden Hyatt
- a Cardioprotection Laboratory, School of Kinesiology , Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Dustin Slivka
- b University of Nebraska at Omaha , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - John Cuddy
- c Department of Health and Human Performance , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - William Hailes
- c Department of Health and Human Performance , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Charles Dumke
- c Department of Health and Human Performance , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Brent Ruby
- c Department of Health and Human Performance , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - John Quindry
- a Cardioprotection Laboratory, School of Kinesiology , Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
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Ballmann C, Beyers R, Denney T, Selsby J, Quindry J. Effect of chronic dietary quercetin enrichment on cardiac function in dystrophic mice. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.1039.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald Beyers
- Electrical Engineering Auburn UniversityAuburnALUnited States
| | - Thomas Denney
- Electrical Engineering Auburn UniversityAuburnALUnited States
| | - Joshua Selsby
- Animal SciencesIowa State UniversityAmesIAUnited States
| | - John Quindry
- School of Kinesiology Auburn UniversityAuburnALUnited States
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Selsby
- Animal ScienceIowa State UniversityAmesIAUnited States
| | | | - John Quindry
- KinesiologyAuburn UniversityAuburnALUnited States
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21
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Ballmann C, Beyers R, Denney T, Selsby J, Quindry J. Effect of long term quercetin supplementation on dystrophic cardiac pathology in mdx/utrn
+/‐
mice. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.1039.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald Beyers
- Electrical Engineering Auburn UniversityAuburnALUnited States
| | - Thomas Denney
- Electrical Engineering Auburn UniversityAuburnALUnited States
| | - Joshua Selsby
- Animal SciencesIowa State UniversityAmesIAUnited States
| | - John Quindry
- School of Kinesiology Auburn UniversityAuburnALUnited States
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Amin RH, AlAsmari A, Nanayakkari G, Quindry J, Mouli S, Eldoumani H, McGinnis G, Fu X. Abstract 82: Regulation Of Frataxin By HIF-1 In The Ischemic Diabetic Heart. Circ Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1161/res.115.suppl_1.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Diabetes is at epidemic proportions, with the major form of fatality due to congestive heart failure triggered by myocardial infarction (MI). The impaired insulin signalling in the diabetic heart leads to myocardial energy dysregulation that compromises the cardioprotective mechanism against ischemic injury. Therefore understanding how mitochondrial energetics is altered in the diabetic ischemic heart would greatly advance the knowledge base for improving outcomes from heart failure in diabetic patients.
Methods/Findings:
We observed that db/db mice (leptin deficient, type 2 diabetic mice) have increased infarction size (>30%) compared to wild type mice after ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury by TTC stain. We also found that activity of Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF1) is involved in the cardioprotective response to ischemia, is impaired in db/db hearts. HIF1 is known to transcriptionally regulate genes involved in myocardial energetics. We recently found that HIF1 transcriptionally regulates the mitochondrial protein frataxin (Fxn) in cardiomyocytes as determined by luciferase assays (>3 fold). In vitro studies indicate that hypoxic conditions increase Fxn protein expression in cardiomyocytes as determined by western analysis (2 fold). Fxn plays an important role in the Fe-S cluster biogenesis required for aconitase, succinate dehydrogenase and complexes in the mitochondria. Interestingly, we observed decreased expression of Fxn in the ischemic diabetic heart.
Conclusion:
we postulate that attenuated HIF1-Fxn signalling in ischemic diabetic heart leads to abnormally enlarged infarction size in response to IR. The decline in HIF-1 activity in response to hypoxia was further validated in cardiomyocytes cultured in high glucose media. The significance for Fxn against hypoxic injury was confirmed by utilizing overexpressed Fxn cardiomyocytes via MTT, ATP and aconitase activity assays. Current and future work: currently we are attempting to identify the HIF response element (HRE) in Fxn promoter to further validate the transcriptional activity of HIF1. In addition, we are completing the IR surgeries on HIF1 KO mice to address the cardioprotective nature of HIF1-Fxn signalling against MI.
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Kliszczewicz B, Esco M, Blessing D, Quindry J, Oliver G, Taylor K. Differences In Vagal-rebound Following Crossfit Compared To Treadmill Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000494217.31804.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Peters BA, Ballmann C, McGinnis G, Fisher L, Hyatt H, Epstein E, Slivka D, Cuddy J, Dumke C, Ruby B, Quindry J. Graded Hypoxia & Blood Oxidative Stress During Exercise Recovery. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000494457.43772.4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Quindry J, Ballmann C, Selsby J. Whole body plethysmography measurement of respiratory function of mice in vivo (1178.9). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1178.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Quindry
- KinesiologyAuburn UniversityAuburnALUnited States
| | | | - Joshua Selsby
- Animal SciencesIowa State UniversityAmesIAUnited States
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Selsby J, Ballman C, Quindry J. Dietary quercetin enrichment improves respiratory function in mdx mice (884.17). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.884.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Selsby
- Animal ScienceIowa State UniversityAmesIAUnited States
| | | | - John Quindry
- KinesiologyAuburn UniversityAuburnALUnited States
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27
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Ballmann C, Hollinger K, Quindry J, Selsby J. Effect of chronic quercetin supplementation on dystrophic cardiac pathology in mdx mice (LB672). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.lb672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Quindry
- KinesiologyAuburn UniversityAuburnALUnited States
| | - Joshua Selsby
- Animal ScienceIowa State UniversityAmesIAUnited States
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Nanayakkara G, Viswaprakash N, Zhong J, Kariharan T, Quindry J, Amin R. PPARγ activation improves the molecular and functional components of I(to) remodeling by angiotensin II. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 19:4839-47. [PMID: 23323617 DOI: 10.2174/1381612811319270006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes exhibit significantly altered renin-angiotensin system (RAS) control. Recently, it has been determined that hyperglycemic conditions induce an increase in angiotensin II (AT II) expression; specifically by cardiomyocytes. Altered RAS has been shown to be associated with an increase in oxidative stress and cardiac dysfunction leading to the development of cardiac hypertrophy. The transient outward potassium current (I(to)) in cardiac myocytes is mainly mediated by members of the Kv subfamily of voltage gated potassium channels and has been shown to be altered in cellular localization and expression during the development of cardiac hypertrophy. However it is not clear as to how AT II affects the pore forming complex at the cell membrane and thus directly affects the I(to) current. In the current study, we explored the protective effect of PPARγ ligands on cardiomyocyte I(to) by preventing NADPH Oxidase activation and the ensuing ROS formation. Furthermore, short term PPARγ activation in diabetic leptin deficient db/db mice displayed improvements in the membrane association of the molecular components of I(to) as well as prolonged QT interval. These findings demonstrate that PPARγ agonists have the potential to attenuate cardiomyocyte dysfunction associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayani Nanayakkara
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, PPAR and Metabolic Research Lab, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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29
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Ballmann C, McGinnis G, Peters B, Slivka D, Cuddy J, Hailes W, Dumke C, Ruby B, Quindry J. Exercise-induced oxidative stress and hypoxic exercise recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:725-33. [PMID: 24384982 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia due to altitude diminishes performance and alters exercise oxidative stress responses. While oxidative stress and exercise are well studied, the independent impact of hypoxia on exercise recovery remains unknown. Accordingly, we investigated hypoxic recovery effects on post-exercise oxidative stress. Physically active males (n = 12) performed normoxic cycle ergometer exercise consisting of ten high:low intensity intervals, 20 min at moderate intensity, and 6 h recovery at 975 m (normoxic) or simulated 5,000 m (hypoxic chamber) in a randomized counter-balanced cross-over design. Oxygen saturation was monitored via finger pulse oximetry. Blood plasma obtained pre- (Pre), post- (Post), 2 h post- (2Hr), 4 h post- (4Hr), and 6 h (6Hr) post-exercise was assayed for Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP), Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), Lipid Hydroperoxides (LOOH), and Protein Carbonyls (PC). Biopsies from the vastus lateralis obtained Pre and 6Hr were analyzed by real-time PCR quantify expression of Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2), and Nuclear factor (euthyroid-derived2)-like factor (NFE2L2). PCs were not altered between trials, but a time effect (13 % Post-2Hr increase, p = 0.044) indicated exercise-induced blood oxidative stress. Plasma LOOH revealed only a time effect (p = 0.041), including a 120 % Post-4Hr increase. TEAC values were elevated in normoxic recovery versus hypoxic recovery. FRAP values were higher 6Hr (p = 0.045) in normoxic versus hypoxic recovery. Exercise elevated gene expression of NFE2L2 (20 % increase, p = 0.001) and SOD2 (42 % increase, p = 0.003), but hypoxic recovery abolished this response. Data indicate that recovery in a hypoxic environment, independent of exercise, may alter exercise adaptations to oxidative stress and metabolism.
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McGinnis GR, Barberio M, Ballmann C, Peters B, Quindry J, Amin R. Myocardial IL‐6R expression and IL‐6 signaling following exercise. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.lb775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rajesh Amin
- Harrison School of PharmacyAuburn UniversityAuburnAL
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31
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Miller L, McGinnis G, Peters B, Ballmann C, Kliszczewicz B, Amin R, Quindry J. Exercise induced cardioprotection is mediated via delta opioid receptors. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.lb645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Nanayakkara GK, Wyble J, Quindry J, Amin RH. Protective Mechanism of PPAR‐delta‐HIF1 signaling in the Ischemic Diabetic Heart. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1136.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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McGinnis GR, Miller L, Kliszczewscz B, Slivka D, Dumke C, Cuddy J, Ruby B, Quindry J. Environmental Temperature and Exercise Induced Oxidative Stress. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000403047.64303.8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Fisher G, Schwartz DD, Quindry J, Barberio MD, Foster EB, Jones KW, Pascoe DD. Lymphocyte enzymatic antioxidant responses to oxidative stress following high-intensity interval exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 110:730-7. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00575.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to 1) examine the immune and oxidative stress responses following high-intensity interval training (HIIT); 2) determine changes in antioxidant enzyme gene expression and enzyme activity in lymphocytes following HIIT; and 3) assess pre-HIIT, 3-h post-HIIT, and 24-h post-HIIT lymphocyte cell viability following hydrogen peroxide exposure in vitro. Eight recreationally active males completed three identical HIIT protocols. Blood samples were obtained at preexercise, immediately postexercise, 3 h postexercise, and 24 h postexercise. Total number of circulating leukocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, as well as lymphocyte antioxidant enzyme activities, gene expression, cell viability (CV), and plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels, were measured. Analytes were compared using a three (day) × four (time) ANOVA with repeated measures on both day and time. The a priori significance level for all analyses was P < 0.05. Significant increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were observed in lymphocytes following HIIT. No significant increases in lymphocyte SOD, CAT, or GPX gene expression were found. A significant increase in TBARS was found immediately post-HIIT on days 1 and 2. Lymphocyte CV in vitro significantly increased on days 2 and 3 compared with day 1. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in CV at 3 h compared with pre- and 24 h postexercise. These findings indicate lymphocytes respond to oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. Additionally, HIIT causes oxidative stress but did not induce a significant postexercise lymphocytopenia. Analyses in vitro suggest that lymphocytes may become more resistant to subsequent episodes of oxidative stress. Furthermore, the analysis in vitro confirms that lymphocytes are more vulnerable to cytotoxic molecules during recovery from exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Fisher
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn
| | - D. D. Schwartz
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn; and
| | - J. Quindry
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn
| | | | - E. B. Foster
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn
| | - K. W. Jones
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama
| | - D. D. Pascoe
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn
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35
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Schreiber L, McAnulty S, McAnulty L, Rowe B, Hosick P, Wrieden J, Hudson M, Quindry J, Nieman D, Henson D. Resveratrol and Catechin Administration Blunts Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cytokine IL-8. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000322550.00409.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Henson D, Nieman D, Davis JM, Dumke C, Gross S, Murphy A, Carmichael M, Jenkins DP, Quindry J, McAnulty S, McAnulty L, Utter A, Mayer E. Post-160-km race illness rates and decreases in granulocyte respiratory burst and salivary IgA output are not countered by quercetin ingestion. Int J Sports Med 2008; 29:856-63. [PMID: 18213545 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-989424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study measured the influence of the flavonoid quercetin on immune changes and incidence rates of upper respiratory tract infections in ultramarathoners competing in the 160-km Western States Endurance Run. Sixty-three runners were randomized to quercetin and placebo groups, and under double-blinded methods ingested 1000 mg/day quercetin for 3 wks before, during, and 2 wks after the race. Thirty-nine of the 63 subjects (n = 18 for quercetin, n = 21 for placebo) finished the race and provided blood and saliva samples the morning before the race and 15 - 30 min postrace. Upper respiratory tract infections were assessed during the week before and the 2-wk period after the race using an illness symptom checklist. Race times did not differ significantly between quercetin and placebo groups. Significant pre- to postrace decreases were measured for natural killer cells (43 %), granulocyte respiratory burst activity (55 %), and salivary IgA output (48 %), and increases for neutrophil (288 %) and monocyte (211 %) cell counts, with no significant group differences. Postrace illness rates did not differ between groups. In conclusion, quercetin supplementation for 3 wks before and 2 wks after the Western States Endurance Run had no effect on illness rates, perturbations in leukocyte subset counts, or decreases in granulocyte respiratory burst activity and salivary IgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Henson
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608, United States.
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McAnulty S, McAnulty L, Quindry J, Nieman D, Hosick P, Dumke C, Utter A, Triplett N, Hudson M, Still L, Henson D, DiBarnardi A. Oxidative stress and pharmacologic quercetin during intense exercise. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a444-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dru Henson
- BiologyAppalachian State University111 Rivers StreetBooneNC28608
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Selsby JT, Rother S, Tsuda S, Pracash O, Quindry J, Dodd SL. Intermittent hyperthermia enhances skeletal muscle regrowth and attenuates oxidative damage following reloading. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2006; 102:1702-7. [PMID: 17110516 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00722.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle reloading following disuse is characterized by profound oxidative damage. This study tested the hypothesis that intermittent hyperthermia during reloading attenuates oxidative damage and augments skeletal muscle regrowth following immobilization. Forty animals were randomly divided into four groups: control (Con), immobilized (Im), reloaded (RC), and reloaded and heated (RH). All groups but Con were immobilized for 7 days. Animals in the RC and RH groups were then reloaded for 7 days with (RH) or without (RC) hyperthermia (41-41.5 degrees C for 30 min on alternating days) during reloading. Heating resulted in approximately 25% elevation in heat shock protein expression (P < 0.05) and an approximately 30% greater soleus regrowth (P < 0.05) in RH compared with RC. Furthermore, oxidant damage was lower in the RH group compared with RC because nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenol were returned to near baseline when heating was combined with reloading. Reduced oxidant damage was independent of antioxidant enzymes (manganese superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase). In summary, these data suggest that intermittent hyperthermia during reloading attenuates oxidative stress and improves the rate of skeletal muscle regrowth during reloading after immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Selsby
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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40
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Selsby JT, Rother S, Tsuda S, Pracash O, Quindry J, Dodd S. Heating enhances skeletal muscle regrowth rate and may increase IGF‐1 pathway activation. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a385-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Taylor Selsby
- Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaBox 118206GainesvilleFL32611
| | - Sara Rother
- Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaBox 118206GainesvilleFL32611
| | - Shige Tsuda
- Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaBox 118206GainesvilleFL32611
| | - Om Pracash
- Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaBox 118206GainesvilleFL32611
| | - John Quindry
- Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaBox 118206GainesvilleFL32611
| | - Stephen Dodd
- Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaBox 118206GainesvilleFL32611
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Selsby JT, Rother S, Tsuda S, Pracash O, Quindry J, Dodd S. Heating enhances muscle regrowth rate and reduces oxidant stress. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a385-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Taylor Selsby
- Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaBox 118206GainesvilleFL32611
| | - Sara Rother
- Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaBox 118206GainesvilleFL32611
| | - Shige Tsuda
- Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaBox 118206GainesvilleFL32611
| | - Om Pracash
- Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaBox 118206GainesvilleFL32611
| | - John Quindry
- Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaBox 118206GainesvilleFL32611
| | - Stephen Dodd
- Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaBox 118206GainesvilleFL32611
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Quindry J, French J, Hamilton K, Lee Y, Mehta JL, Powers S. Exercise training provides cardioprotection against ischemia–reperfusion induced apoptosis in young and old animals. Exp Gerontol 2005; 40:416-25. [PMID: 15919594 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2005.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2005] [Revised: 03/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endurance exercise provides cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced necrotic cell death in young animals. However, whether exercise-induced cardioprotection prevents IR-induced apoptosis in young and old animals is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that endurance exercise training will attenuate IR-induced myocardial apoptosis in young (4 months) and old (24 months) male F344 rats. Young and old rats remained sedentary or performed multiple bouts of moderate intensity running exercise. To induce apoptosis, isolated working hearts were exposed to 45 min of ischemia followed by 90 min of reperfusion. Assessment of myocardial levels of caspase-3 cleaved alpha-spectrin and TUNEL labeled nuclei revealed that IR resulted in apoptosis in hearts from both young and old animals. Importantly, independent of age, exercise attenuated the IR-induced apoptosis of cardiac myocytes. Moreover, exercise attenuated IR-induced calpain activation in the hearts of both young and old animals. These experiments for the first time demonstrate that exercise attenuates IR-induced myocardial apoptosis in both young and old animals. Potential mechanisms for this exercise-induced cardioprotection against IR-induced apoptosis include improved myocardial antioxidant capacity and prevention of calpain and caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Quindry
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118206, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury is a major contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with coronary artery disease. The incidence of I-R events is greatest in older persons, and studies also indicate that the magnitude of myocardial I-R injury is greater in senescent individuals compared to younger adults. Regular exercise has been confirmed as a pragmatic countermeasure to protect against I-R-induced cardiac injury. Specifically, endurance exercise has been proven to provide cardioprotection against an I-R insult in both young and old animals. Proposed mechanisms to explain the cardioprotective effect of exercise include the induction of myocardial heat shock proteins (HSPs), improved cardiac antioxidant capacity, and/or elevation of other cardioprotective proteins. Of these potential mechanisms, evidence indicates that elevated myocardial levels of heat shock proteins or antioxidants can provide myocardial protection against I-R injury. At present, which of these protective mechanisms is essential for exercise-induced cardioprotection remains unclear. Understanding the molecular basis for exercise-induced cardioprotection is important in developing exercise paradigms to protect the heart during an I-R insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Abstract
Muscular exercise promotes the production of radicals and other reactive oxygen species in the working muscle. Growing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species are responsible for exercise-induced protein oxidation and contribute to muscle fatigue. To protect against exercise-induced oxidative injury, muscle cells contain complex endogenous cellular defence mechanisms (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) to eliminate reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, exogenous dietary antioxidants interact with endogenous antioxidants to form a cooperative network of cellular antioxidants. Knowledge that exercise-induced oxidant formation can contribute to muscle fatigue has resulted in numerous investigations examining the effects of antioxidant supplementation on human exercise performance. To date, there is limited evidence that dietary supplementation with antioxidants will improve human performance. Furthermore, it is currently unclear whether regular vigorous exercise increases the need for dietary intake of antioxidants. Clearly, additional research that analyses the antioxidant requirements of individual athletes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Wills T, Broeder C, de Hoyos D, Breuel K, Quindry J, Panton L, Earnst C, Brittingham K, Olson M. Androstenedione Supplementation Does Not Affect BMD Increases Stimulated by Short-Term Resistance Training in Males. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200405001-01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Broeder CE, Percival R, Quindry J, Wills T, Panton L, Browder K, Earnest C, Almada A. New Zealand Deer Antler Velvet And Resistance Training Impact On Body Composition, Aerobic Capacity And Strength. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200405001-01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lennon SL, Quindry J, Hamilton KL, French J, Staib J, Mehta JL, Powers SK. Loss of exercise-induced cardioprotection after cessation of exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2003; 96:1299-305. [PMID: 14672968 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00920.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise provides cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Exercise-induced cardioprotection is associated with increases in cytoprotective proteins, including heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and increases in antioxidant enzyme activity. On the basis of the reported half-life of these putative cardioprotective proteins, we hypothesized that exercise-induced cardioprotection against I/R injury would be lost within days after cessation of exercise. To test this, male rats (4 mo) were randomly assigned to one of five experimental groups: 1). sedentary control, 2). exercise followed by 1 day of rest, 3). exercise followed by 3 days of rest, 4). exercise followed by 9 days of rest, and 5). exercise followed by 18 days of rest. Exercise-induced increases (P < 0.05) in left ventricular catalase activity and HSP72 were evident at 1 and 3 days postexercise. However, at 9 days postexercise, myocardial HSP72 and catalase levels declined to sedentary control values. To evaluate cardioprotection during recovery from I/R, hearts were isolated, placed in working heart mode, and subjected to 20.5 min of global ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Compared with sedentary controls, exercised animals sustained less I/R injury as evidenced by maintenance of a higher (P < 0.05) percentage of preischemia cardiac work during reperfusion at 1, 3, and 9 days postexercise. The exercise-induced cardioprotection vanished by 18 days after exercise cessation. On the basis of the time course of the loss of cardioprotection and the return of HSP72 and catalase to preexercise levels, we conclude that HSP72 and catalase are not essential for exercise-induced protection during myocardial stunning. Therefore, other cytoprotective molecules are responsible for providing protection during I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Lennon
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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Abstract
To examine the effects of exercise and vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress in older adults, 59 participants, age 76.3 +/- 4.2 years, were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: an exercise group taking placebos (EGP) or vitamin E (EGE) or a sedentary group taking placebos (SGP) or vitamin E (SGE). Measures included weight, VO2max, blood pressure (BP), and serum concentrations of vitamin E and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH). At the end of the 16-week trial, the EGP and EGE had significant increases in VO2max and significant decreases in resting BP, weight, and LOOH concentrations (P < 0.05). The SGE had significant decreases in LOOH and BP (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the SGP (P > 0.05). The results suggest that endurance exercise in combination with vitamin E reduces oxidative stress, improves aerobic fitness, and reduces BP and weight in older adults. Even sedentary participants who take vitamin E may reduce oxidative stress and lower BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- James V Jessup
- University of Florida, College of Nursing, Box 100187, Gainesville, FL 32610-0187, USA.
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Lennon S, Quindry J, French J, Hamilton K, Staib J, Mehta J, Powers S. THE TIMECOURSE OF EXERCISE-INDUCED CARDIOPROTECTION AGAINST MYOCARDIAL STUNNING FOLLOWING CESSATION OF EXERCISE TRAINING. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003. [DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200305001-00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
A wealth of data indicates that performing regular exercise is an important lifestyle modification to prevent cardiovascular disease. Although not fully understood, the cardioprotection by regular exercise may be exerted synergistically through improvement in many risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Just as important are the direct effects of exercise on the myocardium, resulting in cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. Cardioprotective countermeasures against myocardial I-R injury may include the development of collateral coronary arteries, induction of myocardial heat shock proteins, and improved cardiac antioxidant capacity. Improving our understanding of the molecular basis for exercise-induced cardioprotection will play an important role in developing optimal exercise interventions to protect the heart from ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences and Physiology, Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, USA.
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