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Zhao L, Zou Y, Li Y, Miyani B, Spooner M, Gentry Z, Jacobi S, David RE, Withington S, McFarlane S, Faust R, Sheets J, Kaye A, Broz J, Gosine A, Mobley P, Busch AWU, Norton J, Xagoraraki I. Five-week warning of COVID-19 peaks prior to the Omicron surge in Detroit, Michigan using wastewater surveillance. Sci Total Environ 2022; 844:157040. [PMID: 35779714 PMCID: PMC9239917 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is useful in predicting temporal fluctuations of COVID-19 incidence in communities and providing early warnings of pending outbreaks. To investigate the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in wastewater and COVID-19 incidence in communities, a 12-month study between September 1, 2020, and August 31, 2021, prior to the Omicron surge, was conducted. 407 untreated wastewater samples were collected from the Great Lakes Water Authority (GLWA) in southeastern Michigan. N1 and N2 genes of SARS-CoV-2 were quantified using RT-ddPCR. Daily confirmed COVID-19 cases for the City of Detroit, and Wayne, Macomb, Oakland counties between September 1, 2020, and October 4, 2021, were collected from a public data source. The total concentrations of N1 and N2 genes ranged from 714.85 to 7145.98 gc/L and 820.47 to 6219.05 gc/L, respectively, which were strongly correlated with the 7-day moving average of total daily COVID-19 cases in the associated areas, after 5 weeks of the viral measurement. The results indicate a potential 5-week lag time of wastewater surveillance preceding COVID-19 incidence for the Detroit metropolitan area. Four statistical models were established to analyze the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in wastewater and COVID-19 incidence in the study areas. Under a 5-week lag time scenario with both N1 and N2 genes, the autoregression model with seasonal patterns and vector autoregression model were more effective in predicting COVID-19 cases during the study period. To investigate the impact of flow parameters on the correlation, the original N1 and N2 gene concentrations were normalized by wastewater flow parameters. The statistical results indicated the optimum models were consistent for both normalized and non-normalized data. In addition, we discussed parameters that explain the observed lag time. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact of the omicron surge that followed, and the impact of different sampling methods on the estimation of lag time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, 1449 Engineering Research Ct, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States of America
| | - Yangyang Zou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, 1449 Engineering Research Ct, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States of America
| | - Yabing Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, 1449 Engineering Research Ct, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States of America
| | - Brijen Miyani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, 1449 Engineering Research Ct, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States of America
| | - Maddie Spooner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, 1449 Engineering Research Ct, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States of America
| | - Zachary Gentry
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, 1449 Engineering Research Ct, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States of America
| | - Sydney Jacobi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, 1449 Engineering Research Ct, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States of America
| | - Randy E David
- Detroit Health Department, 100 Mack Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Scott Withington
- Detroit Health Department, 100 Mack Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Stacey McFarlane
- Macomb County Health Division, 43525 Elizabeth Rd, Mount Clemens, MI 48043, United States of America
| | - Russell Faust
- Oakland County Health Division, 1200 Telegraph Rd, Pontiac, MI 48341, United States of America
| | - Johnathon Sheets
- CDM-Smith, 535 Griswold St, Detroit, MI 48226, United States of America
| | - Andrew Kaye
- CDM-Smith, 535 Griswold St, Detroit, MI 48226, United States of America
| | - James Broz
- CDM-Smith, 535 Griswold St, Detroit, MI 48226, United States of America
| | - Anil Gosine
- Detroit Water and Sewerage Department, 735 Randolph Street building, Detroit, MI 48226, United States of America
| | - Palencia Mobley
- Detroit Water and Sewerage Department, 735 Randolph Street building, Detroit, MI 48226, United States of America
| | - Andrea W U Busch
- Great Lakes Water Authority, 735 Randolph, Detroit, MI 48226, United States of America
| | - John Norton
- Great Lakes Water Authority, 735 Randolph, Detroit, MI 48226, United States of America
| | - Irene Xagoraraki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, 1449 Engineering Research Ct, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States of America.
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Solpuker U, Sheets J, Kim Y, Schwartz FW. Leaching potential of pervious concrete and immobilization of Cu, Pb and Zn using pervious concrete. J Contam Hydrol 2014; 161:35-48. [PMID: 24748027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the leaching potential of pervious concrete and its capacity for immobilizing Cu, Pb and Zn, which are common contaminants in urban runoff. Batch experiments showed that the leachability of Cu, Pb and Zn increased when pH<8. According to PHREEQC equilibrium modeling, the leaching of major ions and trace metals was mainly controlled by the dissolution/precipitation and surface complexation reactions, respectively. A 1-D reactive transport experiment was undertaken to better understand how pervious concrete might function to attenuate contaminant migration. A porous concrete block was sprayed with low pH water (pH=4.3±0.1) for 190 h. The effluent was highly alkaline (pH~10 to 12). In the first 50 h, specific conductance and trace-metal were high but declined towards steady state values. PHREEQC modeling showed that mixing of interstitial alkaline matrix waters with capillary pore water was required in order to produce the observed water chemistry. The interstitial pore solutions seem responsible for the high pH values and relatively high concentrations of trace metals and major cations in the early stages of the experiment. Finally, pervious concrete was sprayed with a synthetic contaminated urban runoff (10 ppb Cu, Pb and Zn) with a pH of 4.3±0.1 for 135 h. It was found that Pb immobilization was greater than either Cu or Zn. Zn is the most mobile among three and also has the highest variation in the observed degree of immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Solpuker
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, 125 S. Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - J Sheets
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, 125 S. Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Y Kim
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), 92 Gwahang-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
| | - F W Schwartz
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, 125 S. Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Abstract
Lymphangiomatosis is a rare disease of lymphatic proliferation for which no adequate treatment is known. We report the first successful case of bilateral lung transplantation for the treatment of end-stage pulmonary lymphangiomatosis. A successful outcome was achieved with continued survival beyond 4 years posttransplant and stable lung function. The primary obstacles to significant gains in pulmonary function were thoracic, skeletal and abdominal lymphangiomatosis, which led to pulmonary restriction. Our report demonstrates that pulmonary lymphangiomatosis should be included among those diseases for which lung transplantation is considered potentially beneficial treatment but also emphasizes the importance of screening patients carefully for chest wall and abdominal lymphangiomas that may impede recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- CV Kinnier
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - JPC Eu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - RD Davis
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - DN Howell
- Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - J Sheets
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - SM Palmer
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Abstract
A biocatalytic membrane based on an immobilized enzyme molecule has been prepared. Oxidative electropolymerization of 8-hydroxyquinaldine (8-OHQ) monomers in 0.2 M, pH 7 phosphate buffer containing glucose oxidase (GOx) has been carried out to modify the surfaces of GC, Au, and Pt rotating disk electrodes. The biocatalytic properties of the synthesized membrane were characterized by studying the catalytic activities of the immobilized GOx. Signals obtained from modified GC electrodes with this biomembrane were mainly attributed to the immobilized GOx. Signals obtained from modified Pt or Au electrodes were due to the combined contribution of the enzyme and the native electrode's material. The potential analytical applications of these modified electrodes as bioelectrochemical sensors were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Kasem
- Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, Indiana University, Kokomo, Indiana 46904, USA
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Abstract
Acute hemorrhoidal crisis can occur in the pregnant female. When medical therapy fails to relieve pain, operative intervention may be necessary. The surgeon, however, may be reluctant to operate due to potential complications to the mother and fetus. From July 1983 to July 1989, hemorrhoidectomy was performed in 25 of 12,455 pregnant women (0.2 percent) who delivered in our institution. Twenty-two women were in their third trimester, 80 percent were multiparous, and each had a remote history of hemorrhoidal symptoms, including intermittent pain, bleeding, and protrusion. Closed hemorrhoidectomy was performed under local anesthesia. The surgery was directed at removing only symptomatic disease, which included three quadrants in 14 patients, two quadrants in seven patients, and one quadrant in four patients. All patients experienced relief of intractable pain the day after surgery, except one patient who required a hemostatic packing during the immediate post-operative period. There were no other maternal or fetal complications. Subsequent follow-up for anorectal disease ranged from 6 months to 6 years. Six (24 percent) patients required additional hemorrhoid treatment. Hemorrhoidectomy in selected pregnant patients is safe in our experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Saleeby
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Allentown Hospital-Lehigh Valley Hospital Center, Pennsylvania 18103
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Abstract
A study was undertaken to analyze seton fistulotomy with counter drainage as a treatment modality for horseshoe abscess fistula. In a previous report of 27 patients with partial or complete horseshoe abscess fistula, 24 patients underwent primary fistulotomy and counter drainage with a recurrence rate of 28.6 percent. Two patients were treated by seton fistulotomy and counter drainage with no recurrence. Therefore, nine additional patients underwent this procedure. Recurrent horseshoe abscess fistula occurred in 2 of 11 patients (18.1 percent). Seton fistulotomy with counter drainage has become the authors' operative procedure of choice for horseshoe abscess fistula. This method may prove more effective if the true primary abscess cavity is identified, the seton is removed appropriately, and postoperative care of the cavity is adequate. Method of management is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ustynoski
- Division of Colon and Rectinal Surgery, Allentown Hospital, Lehigh Valley Hospital Center, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
Over a 10-year period 69 patients were treated consecutively for posterior and anterior horseshoe abscesses and fistulas. Fifty-nine patients had posterior and ten had anterior abscesses or fistulas. There were 52 patients with acute abscess. Treatment consisted of incision and drainage, incision and drainage with primary fistulotomy, incision and drainage with primary fistulotomy and counter-drainage, and incision and drainage with insertion of seton. Seventeen patients with chronic fistulas were treated by primary fistulotomy with curettage, or incision and drainage with insertion of seton. Patients were followed from three months to ten years with a mean follow-up of three years. No incidences of incontinence were reported in this series. The overall rate of recurrence was 18 percent, and included only patients with posterior abscesses and fistulas. Recurrence was related to the failure to maintain prolonged drainage in the midline after primary fistulotomy. The use of seton for delayed fistulotomy appears to promote wound drainage and precludes premature wound closure. More liberal use of the seton in the treatment of horseshoe abscesses and fistulas is advocated.
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Abstract
Seventy patients with anal incontinence referred to a colorectal service over a two-year period were evaluated and treated. In each case, a comprehensive history and physical examination as well as anal manometry were performed. Anorectal angle measurement was done when indicated. Patients were separated into groups of the four major causes of incontinence: 1) external/internal sphincter dysfunction, 2) puborectalis and anorectal angle, 3) alterations in rectal compliance, and 4) sensory deficits. Treatment was dictated by categorization of the patients. All patients were followed for a minimum of one year and, with the exception of patients with profound sensory loss, each believed that their symptoms had decreased substantially, enabling them to return to normal occupational and social activities.
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