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Park SI, Shin G, Banks A, McCall JG, Siuda ER, Schmidt MJ, Chung HU, Noh KN, Mun JGH, Rhodes J, Bruchas MR, Rogers JA. Ultraminiaturized photovoltaic and radio frequency powered optoelectronic systems for wireless optogenetics. J Neural Eng 2015; 12:056002-56002. [PMID: 26193450 PMCID: PMC4714570 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/12/5/056002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wireless control and power harvesting systems that operate injectable, cellular-scale optoelectronic components provide important demonstrated capabilities in neuromodulatory techniques such as optogenetics. Here, we report a radio frequency (RF) control/harvesting device that offers dramatically reduced size, decreased weight and improved efficiency compared to previously reported technologies. Combined use of this platform with ultrathin, multijunction, high efficiency solar cells allows for hundred-fold reduction of transmitted RF power, which greatly enhances the wireless coverage. APPROACH Fabrication involves separate construction of the harvester and the injectable µ-ILEDs. To test whether the presence of the implantable device alters behavior, we implanted one group of wild type mice and compared sociability behavior to unaltered controls. Social interaction experiments followed protocols defined by Silverman et al. with minor modifications. MAIN RESULTS The results presented here demonstrate that miniaturized RF harvesters, and RF control strategies with photovoltaic harvesters can, when combined with injectable µ-ILEDs, offer versatile capabilities in optogenetics. Experimental and modeling studies establish a range of effective operating conditions for these two approaches. Optogenetics studies with social groups of mice demonstrate the utility of these systems. SIGNIFICANCE The addition of miniaturized, high performance photovoltaic cells significantly expands the operating range and reduces the required RF power. The platform can offer capabilities to modulate signaling path in the brain region of freely-behaving animals. These suggest its potential for widespread use in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Il Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Gunchul Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Anthony Banks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jordan G McCall
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130 USA
| | - Edward R Siuda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130 USA
| | - Martin J Schmidt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130 USA
| | - Ha Uk Chung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Kyung Nim Noh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jonathan Guo-Han Mun
- Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Justin Rhodes
- Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130 USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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