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Henriques R, Calderan-Rodrigues MJ, Luis Crespo J, Baena-González E, Caldana C. Growing of the TOR world. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:6987-6992. [PMID: 36377640 PMCID: PMC9664224 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Luis Crespo
- Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)-Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elena Baena-González
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal and GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB-NOVA, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Camila Caldana
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Bárány I, Berenguer E, Solís MT, Pérez-Pérez Y, Santamaría ME, Crespo JL, Risueño MC, Díaz I, Testillano PS. Autophagy is activated and involved in cell death with participation of cathepsins during stress-induced microspore embryogenesis in barley. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:1387-1402. [PMID: 29309624 PMCID: PMC6019037 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microspores are reprogrammed towards embryogenesis by stress. Many microspores die after this stress, limiting the efficiency of microspore embryogenesis. Autophagy is a degradation pathway that plays critical roles in stress response and cell death. In animals, cathepsins have an integral role in autophagy by degrading autophagic material; less is known in plants. Plant cathepsins are papain-like C1A cysteine proteases involved in many physiological processes, including programmed cell death. We have analysed the involvement of autophagy in cell death, in relation to cathepsin activation, during stress-induced microspore embryogenesis in Hordeum vulgare. After stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death increased and autophagy was activated, including HvATG5 and HvATG6 up-regulation and increase of ATG5, ATG8, and autophagosomes. Concomitantly, cathepsin L/F-, B-, and H-like activities were induced, cathepsin-like genes HvPap-1 and HvPap-6 were up-regulated, and HvPap-1, HvPap-6, and HvPap-19 proteins increased and localized in the cytoplasm, resembling autophagy structures. Inhibitors of autophagy and cysteine proteases reduced cell death and promoted embryogenesis. The findings reveal a role for autophagy in stress-induced cell death during microspore embryogenesis, and the participation of cathepsins. Similar patterns of activation, expression, and localization suggest a possible connection between cathepsins and autophagy. The results open up new possibilities to enhance microspore embryogenesis efficiency with autophagy and/or cysteine protease modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - José Luis Crespo
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, IBVF, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Díaz
- Center of Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, CBGP, UPM, Madrid, Spain
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Melero M, García-Párraga D, Corpa JM, Ortega J, Rubio-Guerri C, Crespo JL, Rivera-Arroyo B, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM. First molecular detection and characterization of herpesvirus and poxvirus in a Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:968. [PMID: 25527906 PMCID: PMC4299291 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Herpesvirus and poxvirus can infect a wide range of species: herpesvirus genetic material has been detected and amplified in five species of the superfamily Pinnipedia; poxvirus genetic material, in eight species of Pinnipedia. To date, however, genetic material of these viruses has not been detected in walrus (Odobenus rosmarus), another marine mammal of the Pinnipedia clade, even though anti-herpesvirus antibodies have been detected in these animals. Case presentation In February 2013, a 9-year-old healthy captive female Pacific walrus died unexpectedly at L’Oceanografic (Valencia, Spain). Herpesvirus was detected in pharyngeal tonsil tissue by PCR. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus belongs to the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. Poxvirus was also detected by PCR in skin, pre-scapular and tracheobronchial lymph nodes and tonsils. Gross lesions were not detected in any tissue, but histopathological analyses of pharyngeal tonsils and lymph nodes revealed remarkable lymphoid depletion and lymphocytolysis. Similar histopathological lesions have been previously described in bovine calves infected with an alphaherpesvirus, and in northern elephant seals infected with a gammaherpesvirus that is closely related to the herpesvirus found in this case. Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies, consistent with poxviral infection, were also observed in the epithelium of the tonsilar mucosa. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first molecular identification of herpesvirus and poxvirus in a walrus. Neither virus was likely to have contributed directly to the death of our animal.
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Ortega J, Noguera A, García-Quirós A, Viana D, Selva L, de Juan L, Romero B, García-Parraga D, Crespo JL, Corpa JM. Lesional patterns associated with mycobacteriosis in an Atlantic horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus (L.), aquarium population. J Fish Dis 2014; 37:591-595. [PMID: 23802507 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Ortega
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, PASACTA (Histología y AnatomíaPatológica), Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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5
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Ramundo S, Casero D, Mühlhaus T, Hemme D, Sommer F, Crèvecoeur M, Rahire M, Schroda M, Rusch J, Goodenough U, Pellegrini M, Perez-Perez ME, Crespo JL, Schaad O, Civic N, Rochaix JD. Conditional Depletion of the Chlamydomonas Chloroplast ClpP Protease Activates Nuclear Genes Involved in Autophagy and Plastid Protein Quality Control. Plant Cell 2014; 26:2201-2222. [PMID: 24879428 PMCID: PMC4079378 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.124842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastid protein homeostasis is critical during chloroplast biogenesis and responses to changes in environmental conditions. Proteases and molecular chaperones involved in plastid protein quality control are encoded by the nucleus except for the catalytic subunit of ClpP, an evolutionarily conserved serine protease. Unlike its Escherichia coli ortholog, this chloroplast protease is essential for cell viability. To study its function, we used a recently developed system of repressible chloroplast gene expression in the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Using this repressible system, we have shown that a selective gradual depletion of ClpP leads to alteration of chloroplast morphology, causes formation of vesicles, and induces extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization that is reminiscent of autophagy. Analysis of the transcriptome and proteome during ClpP depletion revealed a set of proteins that are more abundant at the protein level, but not at the RNA level. These proteins may comprise some of the ClpP substrates. Moreover, the specific increase in accumulation, both at the RNA and protein level, of small heat shock proteins, chaperones, proteases, and proteins involved in thylakoid maintenance upon perturbation of plastid protein homeostasis suggests the existence of a chloroplast-to-nucleus signaling pathway involved in organelle quality control. We suggest that this represents a chloroplast unfolded protein response that is conceptually similar to that observed in the endoplasmic reticulum and in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ramundo
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Casero
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Dorothea Hemme
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Michèle Crèvecoeur
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michèle Rahire
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schroda
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Jannette Rusch
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Ursula Goodenough
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Maria Esther Perez-Perez
- Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Luis Crespo
- Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Olivier Schaad
- Genomics Platform, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Natacha Civic
- Genomics Platform, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Nordhues A, Schöttler MA, Unger AK, Geimer S, Schönfelder S, Schmollinger S, Rütgers M, Finazzi G, Soppa B, Sommer F, Mühlhaus T, Roach T, Krieger-Liszkay A, Lokstein H, Crespo JL, Schroda M. Evidence for a role of VIPP1 in the structural organization of the photosynthetic apparatus in Chlamydomonas. Plant Cell 2012; 24:637-59. [PMID: 22307852 PMCID: PMC3315238 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.092692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The vesicle-inducing protein in plastids (VIPP1) was suggested to play a role in thylakoid membrane formation via membrane vesicles. As this functional assignment is under debate, we investigated the function of VIPP1 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Using immunofluorescence, we localized VIPP1 to distinct spots within the chloroplast. In VIPP1-RNA interference/artificial microRNA cells, we consistently observed aberrant, prolamellar body-like structures at the origin of multiple thylakoid membrane layers, which appear to coincide with the immunofluorescent VIPP1 spots and suggest a defect in thylakoid membrane biogenesis. Accordingly, using quantitative shotgun proteomics, we found that unstressed vipp1 mutant cells accumulate 14 to 20% less photosystems, cytochrome b(6)f complex, and ATP synthase but 30% more light-harvesting complex II than control cells, while complex assembly, thylakoid membrane ultrastructure, and bulk lipid composition appeared unaltered. Photosystems in vipp1 mutants are sensitive to high light, which coincides with a lowered midpoint potential of the Q(A)/Q(A)(-) redox couple and increased thermosensitivity of photosystem II (PSII), suggesting structural defects in PSII. Moreover, swollen thylakoids, despite reduced membrane energization, in vipp1 mutants grown on ammonium suggest defects in the supermolecular organization of thylakoid membrane complexes. Overall, our data suggest a role of VIPP1 in the biogenesis/assembly of thylakoid membrane core complexes, most likely by supplying structural lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Nordhues
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Unger
- Zellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stefan Geimer
- Zellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schönfelder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie/Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmollinger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Rütgers
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Université Joseph Fourier, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Barbara Soppa
- Zellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Thomas Roach
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, iBiTec-S, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité de Recherche Associée 2096, Service de Bioénergétique, Biologie Structurale et Mécanisme, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, iBiTec-S, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité de Recherche Associée 2096, Service de Bioénergétique, Biologie Structurale et Mécanisme, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie/Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - José Luis Crespo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Michael Schroda
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Fachbereich Biologie, Molekulare Biotechnologie und Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Abstract
One of the most recent functions assigned to the TOR signaling pathway in yeast is the coordination of the transcription of genes involved in nutrient utilization. Here we show that transcription of ENA1, a gene encoding a lithium and sodium ion transporter essential for salt tolerance in yeast, is controlled by the TOR signaling pathway. First, ENA1 expression is strongly induced under TOR-inactivating conditions. Second, the absence of the TOR-controlled GATA transcription factors GLN3 and GAT1 results in reduced basal and salt-induced expression of ENA1. Third, a gln3 gat1 mutant displays a pronounced sensitivity to high concentrations of lithium and sodium. Fourth, TOR1, similar to ENA1, is required for growth under saline stress conditions. In summary, our results suggest that TOR plays a role in the general response to saline stress by regulating the transcription of ENA1 via GLN3 and GAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Crespo
- Division of Biochemistry, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH4056 Basel, Switzerland
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8
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Serrato AJ, Crespo JL, Florencio FJ, Cejudo FJ. Characterization of two thioredoxins h with predominant localization in the nucleus of aleurone and scutellum cells of germinating wheat seeds. Plant Mol Biol 2001; 46:361-371. [PMID: 11488482 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010697331184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two full-length cDNA clones, designated TrxhA and TrxhB, encoding different but very similar thioredoxin h polypeptides were isolated from wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring) aleurone cells. The deduced proteins show a high similarity to each other and to thioredoxin h from other sources, in particular from T. aestivum and T. durum. One of them, TRXhA, was expressed in E. coli as a His-tagged polypeptide and used to raise polyclonal antibodies by immunization of rabbits. These antibodies identified a single band (ca. 13.5 kDa) in western blot analysis of protein extracts from all wheat organs analyzed. TRXhA and TRXhB when expressed in E. coli as intact polypetides showed indistinguishable electrophoretic mobility, which corresponded to the 13.5 kDa polypeptide detected in wheat protein extracts. The amount of thioredoxin h transcripts increased in scutellum and aleurone cells during germination but GA3 did not exert any stimulatory effect on thioredoxin h expression. Although northern blot analysis detected a single band, competitive RT-PCR showed that this band is due to the accumulation of both TrxhA and TrxhB mRNAs. These results suggest that the single band detected in western blots is due to the presence of at least two thioredoxin h polypeptides. Immunolocalization experiments confirmed the high content of thioredoxins h in scutellum and aleurone cells, and showed a low content in the starchy endosperm of germinating grains. Interestingly, though these proteins are evenly distributed in the cytosol, the highest levels of thioredoxins h were detected in the nucleus, both in aleurone and scutellum cells.
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MESH Headings
- Abscisic Acid/pharmacology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Western
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Germination/genetics
- Gibberellins/pharmacology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Seeds/genetics
- Seeds/growth & development
- Seeds/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Thioredoxin h
- Thioredoxins/genetics
- Thioredoxins/metabolism
- Triticum/embryology
- Triticum/genetics
- Triticum/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Serrato
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, Spain
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Crespo JL, Guerrero MG, Florencio FJ. Mutational analysis of Asp51 of Anabaena azollae glutamine synthetase. D51E mutation confers resistance to the active site inhibitors L-methionine-DL-sulfoximine and phosphinothricin. Eur J Biochem 1999; 266:1202-9. [PMID: 10583418 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of Asp51 in the catalytic activity of glutamine synthetase from the cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae has been analyzed. Five mutant enzymes, D51S, D51A, D51E, D51N and D51R, were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis and characterized. Asp51 appears to participate in the binding of ammonium ion, as affinity for this substrate was affected in all cases, although it varied according to the charge and/or size of the amino-acid residue, decreasing in the order Glu > Asn > Ser > Ala. The replacement of Asp51 by Glu (D51E) conferred besides a high resistance to the herbicides L-methionine-DL-sulfoximine and phosphinothricin, as a result of a decreased phosphorylation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Crespo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
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10
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Crespo JL, García-Domínguez M, Florencio FJ. Nitrogen control of the glnN gene that codes for GS type III, the only glutamine synthetase in the cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena sp. PCC 6903. Mol Microbiol 1998; 30:1101-12. [PMID: 9988484 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.01143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pseudanabaena sp. strain PCC 6903 is the first cyanobacteria lacking the typical prokaryotic glutamine synthetase type I encoded by the glnA gene. The glnN gene product, glutamine synthetase type III, is the only glutamine synthetase activity present in this cyanobacterium. Analysis of glnN expression clearly indicated a nitrogen-dependent regulation. Pseudanabaena glnN gene expression and GSIII activity were upregulated under nitrogen starvation or using nitrate as a nitrogen source, while low levels of transcript and activity were found in ammonium-containing medium. Primer extension analysis showed that the glnN gene promoter structure resembled that of the NtcA-related promoters. Mobility shift assays demonstrated that Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 NtcA protein, expressed and purified from Escherichia coli, bound to the promoter of the Pseudanabaena 6903 glnN gene. The NtcA control of the glnN gene in this cyanobacterium suggested that, in the absence of a glnA gene, NtcA took control of the only glutamine synthetase gene in a fashion similar to the way the glnA gene is governed in those cyanobacteria harbouring a glnA gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Crespo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Seville, Spain
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