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Sargent D, Amthor JS, Stinziano JR, Evans JR, Whitney SM, Bange MP, Tissue DT, Conaty WC, Sharwood RE. The importance of species-specific and temperature-sensitive parameterisation of A/C i models: A case study using cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and the automated 'OptiFitACi' R-package. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:1701-1715. [PMID: 38294051 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Leaf gas exchange measurements are an important tool for inferring a plant's photosynthetic biochemistry. In most cases, the responses of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation to variable intercellular CO2 concentrations (A/Ci response curves) are used to model the maximum (potential) rate of carboxylation by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, Vcmax) and the rate of photosynthetic electron transport at a given incident photosynthetically active radiation flux density (PAR; JPAR). The standard Farquhar-von Caemmerer-Berry model is often used with default parameters of Rubisco kinetic values and mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gm) derived from tobacco that may be inapplicable across species. To study the significance of using such parameters for other species, here we measured the temperature responses of key in vitro Rubisco catalytic properties and gm in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cv. Sicot 71) and derived Vcmax and J2000 (JPAR at 2000 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR) from cotton A/Ci curves incrementally measured at 15°C-40°C using cotton and other species-specific sets of input parameters with our new automated fitting R package 'OptiFitACi'. Notably, parameterisation by a set of tobacco parameters produced unrealistic J2000:Vcmax ratio of <1 at 25°C, two- to three-fold higher estimates of Vcmax above 15°C, up to 2.3-fold higher estimates of J2000 and more variable estimates of Vcmax and J2000, for our cotton data compared to model parameterisation with cotton-derived values. We determined that errors arise when using a gm,25 of 2.3 mol m-2 s-1 MPa-1 or less and Rubisco CO2-affinities in 21% O2 (KC 21%O2) at 25°C outside the range of 46-63 Pa to model A/Ci responses in cotton. We show how the A/Ci modelling capabilities of 'OptiFitACi' serves as a robust, user-friendly, and flexible extension of 'plantecophys' by providing simplified temperature-sensitivity and species-specificity parameterisation capabilities to reduce variability when modelling Vcmax and J2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demi Sargent
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jeffrey S Amthor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | | | - John R Evans
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Spencer M Whitney
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Michael P Bange
- Cotton Seed Distributors Ltd, Wee Waa, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Warren C Conaty
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert E Sharwood
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
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Garen JC, Branch HA, Borrego I, Blonder B, Stinziano JR, Michaletz ST. Gas exchange analysers exhibit large measurement error driven by internal thermal gradients. New Phytol 2022; 236:369-384. [PMID: 35762843 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Portable gas exchange analysers provide critical data for understanding plant-atmosphere carbon and water fluxes, and for parameterising Earth system models that forecast climate change effects and feedbacks. We characterised temperature measurement errors in the Li-Cor LI-6400XT and LI-6800, and estimated downstream errors in derived quantities, including stomatal conductance (gsw ) and leaf intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci ). The LI-6400XT exhibited air temperature errors (differences between reported air temperature and air temperature measured near the leaf) up to 7.2°C, leaf temperature errors up to 5.3°C, and relative errors in gsw and Ci that increased as temperatures departed from ambient. This caused errors in leaf-to-air temperature relationships, assimilation-temperature curves and CO2 response curves. Temperature dependencies of maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (Vcmax ) and maximum RuBP regeneration rate (Jmax ) showed errors of 12% and 35%, respectively. These errors are likely to be idiosyncratic and may differ among machines and environmental conditions. The LI-6800 exhibited much smaller errors. Earth system model predictions may be erroneous, as much of their parametrisation data were measured on the LI-6400XT system, depending on the methods used. We make recommendations for minimising errors and correcting data in the LI-6400XT. We also recommend transitioning to the LI-6800 for future data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef C Garen
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Haley A Branch
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Isaac Borrego
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Sean T Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Murphy BK, Stinziano JR. A derivation error that affects carbon balance models exists in the current implementation of the modified Arrhenius function. New Phytol 2021; 231:2371-2381. [PMID: 32805755 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding biological temperature responses is crucial to predicting global carbon fluxes. The current approach to modelling temperature responses of photosynthetic capacity in large scale modelling efforts uses a modified Arrhenius equation. We rederived the modified Arrhenius equation from the source publication from 1942 and uncovered a missing term that was dropped by 2002. We compare fitted temperature response parameters between the correct and incorrect derivation of the modified Arrhenius equation. We find that most parameters are minimally affected, though activation energy is impacted quite substantially. We then scaled the impact of these small errors to whole plant carbon balance and found that the impact of the rederivation of the modified Arrhenius equation on modelled daily carbon gain causes a meaningful deviation of c. 18% day-1 . This suggests that the error in the derivation of the modified Arrhenius equation has impacted the accuracy of predictions of carbon fluxes at larger scales since > 40% of Earth System Models contain the erroneous derivation. We recommend that the derivation error be corrected in modelling efforts moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget K Murphy
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Graduate Program in Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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Stinziano JR, Murphy BK. Agreed - there is no need to switch the modified Arrhenius function back to the old form. New Phytol 2021; 231:2117. [PMID: 34405906 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Bridget K Murphy
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Graduate Program in Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
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Dusenge ME, Ward EJ, Warren JM, Stinziano JR, Wullschleger SD, Hanson PJ, Way DA. Warming induces divergent stomatal dynamics in co-occurring boreal trees. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:3079-3094. [PMID: 33784426 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming will alter photosynthesis and respiration not only via direct temperature effects on leaf biochemistry but also by increasing atmospheric dryness, thereby reducing stomatal conductance and suppressing photosynthesis. Our knowledge on how climate warming affects these processes is mainly derived from seedlings grown under highly controlled conditions. However, little is known regarding temperature responses of trees growing under field settings. We exposed mature tamarack and black spruce trees growing in a peatland ecosystem to whole-ecosystem warming of up to +9°C above ambient air temperatures in an ongoing long-term experiment (SPRUCE: Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments). Here, we report the responses of leaf gas exchange after the first two years of warming. We show that the two species exhibit divergent stomatal responses to warming and vapor pressure deficit. Warming of up to 9°C increased leaf N in both spruce and tamarack. However, higher leaf N in the warmer plots translate into higher photosynthesis in tamarack but not in spruce, with photosynthesis being more constrained by stomatal limitations in spruce than in tamarack under warm conditions. Surprisingly, dark respiration did not acclimate to warming in spruce, and thermal acclimation of respiration was only seen in tamarack once changes in leaf N were considered. Our results highlight how warming can lead to differing stomatal responses to warming in co-occurring species, with consequent effects on both vegetation carbon and water dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirindi E Dusenge
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eric J Ward
- US Geological Survey, Lafayette, LA, USA
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Warren
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Stan D Wullschleger
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
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Vincent C, Pierre M, Stinziano J. Racing against stomatal attenuation: rapid CO 2 response curves more reliably estimate photosynthetic capacity than steady state curves in a low conductance species.. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.28.270785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
AbstractA/Ci curves are an important gas-exchange-based approach to understanding the regulation of photosynthesis, describing the response of net CO2 assimilation (A) to leaf internal concentration of CO2 (Ci). Low stomatal conductance species pose a challenge to the measurement of A/Ci curves by reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of gas exchange measures. Additionally, the stomatal attenuation effect of elevated ambient CO2 leads to further reduction of conductance and may lead to erroneous interpretation of high Ci responses of A. Rapid A/Ci response (RACiR) curves offer a potential practice to develop A/Ci curves faster than the stomatal closure response to elevated CO2. We used the moderately low conductance Citrus to compare traditional steady state (SS) A/Ci curves with RACiR curves. SS curves failed more often than RACiR curves. Overall parameter estimates were the same between SS and RACiR curves. When low stomatal conductance values were removed, triose-phosphate utilization (TPU) limitation estimates increased. Overall RACiR stomatal conductance values began and remained higher than SS values. Based on the comparable resulting parameter estimates, higher likelihood of success and reduced measurement time, we propose RACiR as a valuable tool to measure A/Ci responses in low conductance species.
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Stinziano JR, Adamson RK, Hanson DT. Using multirate rapid A/C i curves as a tool to explore new questions in the photosynthetic physiology of plants. New Phytol 2019; 222:785-792. [PMID: 30582175 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Steady-state photosynthetic CO2 responses (A/Ci curves) are used to assess environmental responses of photosynthetic traits and to predict future vegetative carbon uptake through modeling. The recent development of rapid A/Ci curves (RACiRs) permits faster assessment of these traits by continuously changing [CO2 ] around the leaf, and may reveal additional photosynthetic properties beyond what is practical or possible with steady-state methods. Gas exchange necessarily incorporates photosynthesis and (photo)respiration. Each process was expected to respond on different timescales due to differences in metabolite compartmentation, biochemistry and diffusive pathways. We hypothesized that metabolic lags in photorespiration relative to photosynthesis/respiration and CO2 diffusional limitations can be detected by varying the rate of change in [CO2 ] during RACiR assays. We tested these hypotheses through modeling and experiments at ambient and 2% oxygen. Our data show that photorespiratory delays cause offsets in predicted CO2 compensation points that are dependent on the rate of change in [CO2 ]. Diffusional limitations may reduce the rate of change in chloroplastic [CO2 ], causing a reduction in apparent RACiR slopes under high CO2 ramp rates. Multirate RACiRs may prove useful in assessing diffusional limitations to gas exchange and photorespiratory rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87104, USA
| | - Rachael K Adamson
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87104, USA
| | - David T Hanson
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87104, USA
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Stinziano JR, Bauerle WL, Way DA. Modelled net carbon gain responses to climate change in boreal trees: Impacts of photosynthetic parameter selection and acclimation. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:1445-1465. [PMID: 30451349 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Boreal forests are crucial in regulating global vegetation-atmosphere feedbacks, but the impact of climate change on boreal tree carbon fluxes is still unclear. Given the sensitivity of global vegetation models to photosynthetic and respiration parameters, we determined how predictions of net carbon gain (C-gain) respond to variation in these parameters using a stand-level model (MAESTRA). We also modelled how thermal acclimation of photosynthetic and respiratory temperature sensitivity alters predicted net C-gain responses to climate change. We modelled net C-gain of seven common boreal tree species under eight climate scenarios across a latitudinal gradient to capture a range of seasonal temperature conditions. Physiological parameter values were taken from the literature together with different approaches for thermally acclimating photosynthesis and respiration. At high latitudes, net C-gain was stimulated up to 400% by elevated temperatures and CO2 in the autumn but suppressed at the lowest latitudes during midsummer under climate scenarios that included warming. Modelled net C-gain was more sensitive to photosynthetic capacity parameters (Vcmax , Jmax , Arrhenius temperature response parameters, and the ratio of Jmax to Vcmax ) than stomatal conductance or respiration parameters. The effect of photosynthetic thermal acclimation depended on the temperatures where it was applied: acclimation reduced net C-gain by 10%-15% within the temperature range where the equations were derived but decreased net C-gain by 175% at temperatures outside this range. Thermal acclimation of respiration had small, but positive, impacts on net C-gain. We show that model simulations are highly sensitive to variation in photosynthetic parameters and highlight the need to better understand the mechanisms and drivers underlying this variability (e.g., whether variability is environmentally and/or biologically driven) for further model improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - William L Bauerle
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Lawrence EH, Stinziano JR, Hanson DT. Using the rapid A-C i response (RACiR) in the Li-Cor 6400 to measure developmental gradients of photosynthetic capacity in poplar. Plant Cell Environ 2019; 42:740-750. [PMID: 30374982 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapid A-Ci response (RACiR) technique alleviates limitations of measuring photosynthetic capacity by reducing the time needed to determine the maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax ) and electron transport rate (Jmax ) in leaves. Photosynthetic capacity and its relationships with leaf development are important for understanding ecological and agricultural productivity; however, our current understanding is incomplete. Here, we show that RACiR can be used in previous generation gas exchange systems (i.e., the LI-6400) and apply this method to rapidly investigate developmental gradients of photosynthetic capacity in poplar. We compared RACiR-determined Vcmax and Jmax as well as respiration and stomatal conductance (gs ) across four stages of leaf expansion in Populus deltoides and the poplar hybrid 717-1B4 (Populus tremula × Populus alba). These physiological data were paired with leaf traits including nitrogen concentration, chlorophyll concentrations, and specific leaf area. Several traits displayed developmental trends that differed between the poplar species, demonstrating the utility of RACiR approaches to rapidly generate accurate measures of photosynthetic capacity. By using both new and old machines, we have shown how more investigators will be able to incorporate measurements of important photosynthetic traits in future studies and further our understanding of relationships between development and leaf-level physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica H Lawrence
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph R Stinziano
- The Department of Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - David T Hanson
- The Department of Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Stinziano JR, McDermitt DK, Lynch DJ, Saathoff AJ, Morgan PB, Hanson DT. The rapid A/C i response: a guide to best practices. New Phytol 2019; 221:625-627. [PMID: 30198151 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87104, USA
| | - Dayle K McDermitt
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | | | - Aaron J Saathoff
- Li-Cor Inc., Lincoln, NE, 68504, USA
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Patrick B Morgan
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Monsanto, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - David T Hanson
- Department of Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87104, USA
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Stinziano JR, Way DA, Bauerle WL. Improving models of photosynthetic thermal acclimation: Which parameters are most important and how many should be modified? Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:1580-1598. [PMID: 28991405 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic temperature acclimation could strongly affect coupled vegetation-atmosphere feedbacks in the global carbon cycle, especially as the climate warms. Thermal acclimation of photosynthesis can be modelled as changes in the parameters describing the direct effect of temperature on photosynthetic capacity (i.e., activation energy, Ea ; deactivation energy, Hd ; entropy parameter, ΔS) or the basal value of photosynthetic capacity (i.e., photosynthetic capacity measured at 25°C). However, the impact of acclimating these parameters (individually or in combination) on vegetative carbon gain is relatively unexplored. Here we compare the ability of 66 photosynthetic temperature acclimation scenarios to improve the ability of a spatially explicit canopy carbon flux model, MAESTRA, to predict eddy covariance data from a loblolly pine forest. We show that: (1) incorporating seasonal temperature acclimation of basal photosynthetic capacity improves the model's ability to capture seasonal changes in carbon fluxes and outperforms acclimation of other single factors (i.e., Ea or ΔS alone); (2) multifactor scenarios of photosynthetic temperature acclimation provide minimal (if any) improvement in model performance over single factor acclimation scenarios; (3) acclimation of Ea should be restricted to the temperature ranges of the data from which the equations are derived; and (4) model performance is strongly affected by the Hd parameter. We suggest that a renewed effort be made into understanding whether basal photosynthetic capacity, Ea , Hd and ΔS co-acclimate across broad temperature ranges to determine whether and how multifactor thermal acclimation of photosynthesis occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William L Bauerle
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Des Marteaux LE, Stinziano JR, Sinclair BJ. Effects of cold acclimation on rectal macromorphology, ultrastructure, and cytoskeletal stability in Gryllus pennsylvanicus crickets. J Insect Physiol 2018; 104:15-24. [PMID: 29133228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cold-acclimated insects maintain ion and water balance in the cold, potentially by reducing permeability or increasing diffusion distance across ionoregulatory epithelia such as the rectum. We explored whether cold acclimation induces structural modifications that minimize water and ion diffusion across the rectum and maintain rectal cell integrity. We investigated rectal structure and cytoskeletal stability in chill-susceptible adult Gryllus pennsylvanicus crickets acclimated for one week to either warm (25 °C) or cold (12 °C) conditions. After acclimation, we used light and transmission electron microscopy to examine rectal macromorphology and rectal pad paracellular ultrastructure. We also used fluorescence microscopy and a filamentous-actin (F-actin) specific phalloidin stain to compare the polymerization state of the actin cytoskeleton for each of the acclimation groups before and after a cold shock (1 h at -4 °C). Cold acclimation did not alter rectal pad cell density, or the thickness of the rectal pads, muscle, or cuticle. The tortuosity and width of the rectal pad paracellular channels also did not differ between warm- and cold-acclimated crickets. Rectal pad cells had clear basal and apical regions with differing densities of F-actin. Cold shock reduced the density of F-actin in warm-acclimated crickets, whereas cold-acclimated crickets appeared to have unchanged (basal) or enhanced (apical) F-actin density after cold shock. This suggests that while cold acclimation does not modify rectal permeability through structural modifications to increase diffusion distance for water and ions, cold-acclimated crickets have a modified cytoskeleton that resists the depolymerising effects of cold shock.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Brent J Sinclair
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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Stinziano JR, Way DA. Autumn photosynthetic decline and growth cessation in seedlings of white spruce are decoupled under warming and photoperiod manipulations. Plant Cell Environ 2017; 40:1296-1316. [PMID: 28102913 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming is expected to increase the seasonal duration of photosynthetic carbon fixation and tree growth in high-latitude forests. However, photoperiod, a crucial cue for seasonality, will remain constant, which may constrain tree responses to warming. We investigated the effects of temperature and photoperiod on weekly changes in photosynthetic capacity, leaf biochemistry and growth in seedlings of a boreal evergreen conifer, white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss]. Warming delayed autumn declines in photosynthetic capacity, extending the period when seedlings had high carbon uptake. While photoperiod was correlated with photosynthetic capacity, short photoperiods did not constrain the maintenance of high photosynthetic capacity under warming. Rubisco concentration dynamics were affected by temperature but not photoperiod, while leaf pigment concentrations were unaffected by treatments. Respiration rates at 25 °C were stimulated by photoperiod, although respiration at the growth temperatures was increased in warming treatments. Seedling growth was stimulated by increased photoperiod and suppressed by warming. We demonstrate that temperature is a stronger control on the seasonal timing of photosynthetic down-regulation than is photoperiod. Thus, while warming can stimulate carbon uptake in boreal conifers, the extra carbon may be directed towards respiration rather than biomass, potentially limiting carbon sequestration under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B6
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B6
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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Stinziano JR, Morgan PB, Lynch DJ, Saathoff AJ, McDermitt DK, Hanson DT. The rapid A-C i response: photosynthesis in the phenomic era. Plant Cell Environ 2017; 40:1256-1262. [PMID: 28247953 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phenotyping for photosynthetic gas exchange parameters is limiting our ability to select plants for enhanced photosynthetic carbon gain and to assess plant function in current and future natural environments. This is due, in part, to the time required to generate estimates of the maximum rate of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) carboxylation (Vc,max ) and the maximal rate of electron transport (Jmax ) from the response of photosynthesis (A) to the CO2 concentration inside leaf air spaces (Ci ). To relieve this bottleneck, we developed a method for rapid photosynthetic carbon assimilation CO2 responses [rapid A-Ci response (RACiR)] utilizing non-steady-state measurements of gas exchange. Using high temporal resolution measurements under rapidly changing CO2 concentrations, we show that RACiR techniques can obtain measures of Vc,max and Jmax in ~5 min, and possibly even faster. This is a small fraction of the time required for even the most advanced gas exchange instrumentation. The RACiR technique, owing to its increased throughput, will allow for more rapid screening of crops, mutants and populations of plants in natural environments, bringing gas exchange into the phenomic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87104, USA
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Patrick B Morgan
- LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, NE, 68504, USA
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | | | - Aaron J Saathoff
- LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, NE, 68504, USA
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | | | - David T Hanson
- Department of Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87104, USA
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16
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Way DA, Stinziano JR, Berghoff H, Oren R. How well do growing season dynamics of photosynthetic capacity correlate with leaf biochemistry and climate fluctuations? Tree Physiol 2017; 37:879-888. [PMID: 28898994 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Accurate values of photosynthetic capacity are needed in Earth System Models to predict gross primary productivity. Seasonal changes in photosynthetic capacity in these models are primarily driven by temperature, but recent work has suggested that photoperiod may be a better predictor of seasonal photosynthetic capacity. Using field-grown kudzu (Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi), a nitrogen-fixing vine species, we took weekly measurements of photosynthetic capacity, leaf nitrogen, and pigment and photosynthetic protein concentrations and correlated these with temperature, irradiance and photoperiod over the growing season. Photosynthetic capacity was more strongly correlated with photoperiod than with temperature or daily irradiance, while the growing season pattern in photosynthetic capacity was uncoupled from changes in leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll and Rubisco. Daily estimates of the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco (Vcmax) based on either photoperiod or temperature were correlated in a non-linear manner, but Vcmax estimates from both approaches that also accounted for diurnal temperature fluctuations were similar, indicating that differences between these models depend on the relevant time step. We advocate for considering photoperiod, and not just temperature, when estimating photosynthetic capacity across the year, particularly as climate change alters temperatures but not photoperiod. We also caution that the use of leaf biochemical traits as proxies for estimating photosynthetic capacity may be unreliable when the underlying relationships between proxy leaf traits and photosynthetic capacity are established outside of a seasonal framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Henry Berghoff
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Ram Oren
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
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17
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Stinziano JR, Hüner NPA, Way DA. Warming delays autumn declines in photosynthetic capacity in a boreal conifer, Norway spruce (Picea abies). Tree Physiol 2015; 35:1303-13. [PMID: 26543154 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, via warmer springs and autumns, may lengthen the carbon uptake period of boreal tree species, increasing the potential for carbon sequestration in boreal forests, which could help slow climate change. However, if other seasonal cues such as photoperiod dictate when photosynthetic capacity declines, warmer autumn temperatures may have little effect on when carbon uptake capacity decreases in these species. We investigated whether autumn warming would delay photosynthetic decline in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) by growing seedlings under declining weekly photoperiods and weekly temperatures either at ambient temperature or a warming treatment 4 °C above ambient. Photosynthetic capacity was relatively constant in both treatments when weekly temperatures were >8 °C, but declined rapidly at lower temperatures, leading to a delay in the autumn decline in photosynthetic capacity in the warming treatment. The decline in photosynthetic capacity was not related to changes in leaf nitrogen or chlorophyll concentrations, but was correlated with a decrease in the apparent fraction of leaf nitrogen invested in Rubisco, implicating a shift in nitrogen allocation away from the Calvin cycle at low autumn growing temperatures. Our data suggest that as the climate warms, the period of net carbon uptake will be extended in the autumn for boreal forests dominated by Norway spruce, which could increase total carbon uptake in these forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B6
| | - Norman P A Hüner
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B6
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B6 Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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18
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Quentin AG, Pinkard EA, Ryan MG, Tissue DT, Baggett LS, Adams HD, Maillard P, Marchand J, Landhäusser SM, Lacointe A, Gibon Y, Anderegg WRL, Asao S, Atkin OK, Bonhomme M, Claye C, Chow PS, Clément-Vidal A, Davies NW, Dickman LT, Dumbur R, Ellsworth DS, Falk K, Galiano L, Grünzweig JM, Hartmann H, Hoch G, Hood S, Jones JE, Koike T, Kuhlmann I, Lloret F, Maestro M, Mansfield SD, Martínez-Vilalta J, Maucourt M, McDowell NG, Moing A, Muller B, Nebauer SG, Niinemets Ü, Palacio S, Piper F, Raveh E, Richter A, Rolland G, Rosas T, Saint Joanis B, Sala A, Smith RA, Sterck F, Stinziano JR, Tobias M, Unda F, Watanabe M, Way DA, Weerasinghe LK, Wild B, Wiley E, Woodruff DR. Non-structural carbohydrates in woody plants compared among laboratories. Tree Physiol 2015; 35:1146-1165. [PMID: 26423132 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in plant tissue are frequently quantified to make inferences about plant responses to environmental conditions. Laboratories publishing estimates of NSC of woody plants use many different methods to evaluate NSC. We asked whether NSC estimates in the recent literature could be quantitatively compared among studies. We also asked whether any differences among laboratories were related to the extraction and quantification methods used to determine starch and sugar concentrations. These questions were addressed by sending sub-samples collected from five woody plant tissues, which varied in NSC content and chemical composition, to 29 laboratories. Each laboratory analyzed the samples with their laboratory-specific protocols, based on recent publications, to determine concentrations of soluble sugars, starch and their sum, total NSC. Laboratory estimates differed substantially for all samples. For example, estimates for Eucalyptus globulus leaves (EGL) varied from 23 to 116 (mean = 56) mg g(-1) for soluble sugars, 6-533 (mean = 94) mg g(-1) for starch and 53-649 (mean = 153) mg g(-1) for total NSC. Mixed model analysis of variance showed that much of the variability among laboratories was unrelated to the categories we used for extraction and quantification methods (method category R(2) = 0.05-0.12 for soluble sugars, 0.10-0.33 for starch and 0.01-0.09 for total NSC). For EGL, the difference between the highest and lowest least squares means for categories in the mixed model analysis was 33 mg g(-1) for total NSC, compared with the range of laboratory estimates of 596 mg g(-1). Laboratories were reasonably consistent in their ranks of estimates among tissues for starch (r = 0.41-0.91), but less so for total NSC (r = 0.45-0.84) and soluble sugars (r = 0.11-0.83). Our results show that NSC estimates for woody plant tissues cannot be compared among laboratories. The relative changes in NSC between treatments measured within a laboratory may be comparable within and between laboratories, especially for starch. To obtain comparable NSC estimates, we suggest that users can either adopt the reference method given in this publication, or report estimates for a portion of samples using the reference method, and report estimates for a standard reference material. Researchers interested in NSC estimates should work to identify and adopt standard methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey G Quentin
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 12, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | | | - Michael G Ryan
- Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1499, USA Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1401, USA USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - L Scott Baggett
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Henry D Adams
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Pascale Maillard
- INRA, UMR 1137, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, Centre de Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Jacqueline Marchand
- INRA, UMR 1137, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, Plateforme Technique d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle (OC 081) Centre de Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Simon M Landhäusser
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - André Lacointe
- INRA, UMR 0547 PIAF, F:63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 0547 PIAF, F:6310 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Bordeaux University, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - William R L Anderegg
- Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08540, USA
| | - Shinichi Asao
- Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1499, USA Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1401, USA
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Marc Bonhomme
- INRA, UMR 0547 PIAF, F:63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 0547 PIAF, F:6310 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Caroline Claye
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, Private Bag 98, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Pak S Chow
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | | | - Noel W Davies
- Central Science Laboratory, Private Bag 74, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - L Turin Dickman
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Rita Dumbur
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Kristen Falk
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Lucía Galiano
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland Institute of Hydrology, Freiburg University, Fahnenbergplatz, D-79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - José M Grünzweig
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Günter Hoch
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Hood
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula MT-59812, USA
| | - Joanna E Jones
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, Private Bag 98, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Silviculture and Forest Ecological Studies, Hokkaido University Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Iris Kuhlmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Francisco Lloret
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès E-08193 Barcelona, Spain Universidad Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melchor Maestro
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Av. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria s/n, 22700 Jaca, Huesca, Spain
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès E-08193 Barcelona, Spain Universidad Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mickael Maucourt
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Université Bordeaux, UMR 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nathan G McDowell
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Annick Moing
- UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Bordeaux University, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Sergio G Nebauer
- Plant Production Department, Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, Camino de vera s.n. 46022-Valencia, Spain
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Department of Plant Physiology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sara Palacio
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Av. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria s/n, 22700 Jaca, Huesca, Spain
| | - Frida Piper
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Simpson 471, Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Eran Raveh
- Department of Fruit Trees Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, A.R.O., Gilat Research Center, D.N. Negev 85289, Israel
| | - Andreas Richter
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Teresa Rosas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brigitte Saint Joanis
- INRA, UMR 0547 PIAF, F:63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 0547 PIAF, F:6310 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anna Sala
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula MT-59812, USA
| | - Renee A Smith
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Frank Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Postbox 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 5B7, ON, Canada
| | - Mari Tobias
- Department of Plant Physiology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 5B7, ON, Canada Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Birgit Wild
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 5A, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erin Wiley
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - David R Woodruff
- USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Stinziano JR, Sové RJ, Rundle HD, Sinclair BJ. Rapid desiccation hardening changes the cuticular hydrocarbon profile of Drosophila melanogaster. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2014; 180:38-42. [PMID: 25460832 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The success of insects in terrestrial environments is due in large part to their ability to resist desiccation stress. Since the majority of water is lost across the cuticle, a relatively water-impermeable cuticle is a major component of insect desiccation resistance. Cuticular permeability is affected by the properties and mixing effects of component hydrocarbons, and changes in cuticular hydrocarbons can affect desiccation tolerance. A pre-exposure to a mild desiccation stress increases duration of desiccation survival in adult female Drosophila melanogaster, via a decrease in cuticular permeability. To test whether this acute response to desiccation stress is due to a change in cuticular hydrocarbons, we treated male and female D. melanogaster to a rapid desiccation hardening (RDH) treatment and used gas chromatography to examine the effects on cuticular hydrocarbon composition. RDH led to reduced proportions of unsaturated and methylated hydrocarbons compared to controls in females, but although RDH modified the cuticular hydrocarbon profile in males, there was no coordinated pattern. These data suggest that the phenomenon of RDH leading to reduced cuticular water loss occurs via an acute change in cuticular hydrocarbons that enhances desiccation tolerance in female, but not male, D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Richard J Sové
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Howard D Rundle
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Brent J Sinclair
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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Sinclair BJ, Stinziano JR, Williams CM, Macmillan HA, Marshall KE, Storey KB. Real-time measurement of metabolic rate during freezing and thawing of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica: implications for overwinter energy use. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 216:292-302. [PMID: 23255194 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.076331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ectotherms overwintering in temperate ecosystems must survive low temperatures while conserving energy to fuel post-winter reproduction. Freeze-tolerant wood frogs, Rana sylvatica, have an active response to the initiation of ice formation that includes mobilising glucose from glycogen and circulating it around the body to act as a cryoprotectant. We used flow-through respirometry to measure CO(2) production ( ) in real time during cooling, freezing and thawing. CO(2) production increases sharply at three points during freeze-thaw: at +1°C during cooling prior to ice formation (total of 104±17 μl CO(2) frog(-1) event(-1)), at the initiation of freezing (565±85 μl CO(2) frog(-1) freezing event(-1)) and after the frog has thawed (564±75 μ l CO(2) frog(-1) freezing event(-1)). We interpret these increases in metabolic rate to represent the energetic costs of preparation for freezing, the response to freezing and the re-establishment of homeostasis and repair of damage after thawing, respectively. We assumed that frogs metabolise lipid when unfrozen and that carbohydrate fuels metabolism during cooling, freezing and thawing, and when frozen. We then used microclimate temperature data to predict overwinter energetics of wood frogs. Based on the freezing and melting points we measured, frogs in the field were predicted to experience as many as 23 freeze-thaw cycles in the winter of our microclimate recordings. Overwinter carbohydrate consumption appears to be driven by the frequency of freeze-thaw events, and changes in overwinter climate that affect the frequency of freeze-thaw will influence carbohydrate consumption, but changes that affect mean temperatures and the frequency of winter warm spells will modify lipid consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bremxnt J Sinclair
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
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