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Dai C, Rennhack JP, Arnoff TE, Thaker M, Younger ST, Doench JG, Huang AY, Yang A, Aguirre AJ, Wang B, Mun E, O'Connell JT, Huang Y, Labella K, Talamas JA, Li J, Ilic N, Hwang J, Hong AL, Giacomelli AO, Gjoerup O, Root DE, Hahn WC. SMAD4 represses FOSL1 expression and pancreatic cancer metastatic colonization. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109443. [PMID: 34320363 PMCID: PMC8350598 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a complex and poorly understood process. In pancreatic cancer, loss of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/BMP effector SMAD4 is correlated with changes in altered histopathological transitions, metastatic disease, and poor prognosis. In this study, we use isogenic cancer cell lines to identify SMAD4 regulated genes that contribute to the development of metastatic colonization. We perform an in vivo screen identifying FOSL1 as both a SMAD4 target and sufficient to drive colonization to the lung. The targeting of these genes early in treatment may provide a therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jonathan P Rennhack
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Taylor E Arnoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Maneesha Thaker
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Scott T Younger
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - August Yue Huang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Annan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andrew J Aguirre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Belinda Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Evan Mun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joyce T O'Connell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Molecular Pathology Core Lab, Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine Labella
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jessica A Talamas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nina Ilic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Justin Hwang
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Andrew L Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew O Giacomelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Ole Gjoerup
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Becker LM, O'Connell JT, Vo AP, Cain MP, Tampe D, Bizarro L, Sugimoto H, McGow AK, Asara JM, Lovisa S, McAndrews KM, Zielinski R, Lorenzi PL, Zeisberg M, Raza S, LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. Epigenetic Reprogramming of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Deregulates Glucose Metabolism and Facilitates Progression of Breast Cancer. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107701. [PMID: 32492417 PMCID: PMC7339325 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic contributions of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in breast cancer progression remain to be fully understood. While altered glucose metabolism in CAFs could fuel cancer cells, how such metabolic reprogramming emerges and is sustained needs further investigation. Studying fibroblasts isolated from patients with benign breast tissues and breast cancer, in conjunction with multiple animal models, we demonstrate that CAFs exhibit a metabolic shift toward lactate and pyruvate production and fuel biosynthetic pathways of cancer cells. The depletion or suppression of the lactate production of CAFs alter the tumor metabolic profile and impede tumor growth. The glycolytic phenotype of the CAFs is in part sustained through epigenetic reprogramming of HIF-1α and glycolytic enzymes. Hypoxia induces epigenetic reprogramming of normal fibroblasts, resulting in a pro-glycolytic, CAF-like transcriptome. Our findings suggest that the glucose metabolism of CAFs evolves during tumor progression, and their breast cancer-promoting phenotype is partly mediated by oxygen-dependent epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Becker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Joyce T O'Connell
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Annie P Vo
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Margo P Cain
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Desiree Tampe
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Lauren Bizarro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anna K McGow
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sara Lovisa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Kathleen M McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Rafal Zielinski
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Zeisberg
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Sughra Raza
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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3
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Melo SA, Sugimoto H, O'Connell JT, Kato N, Villanueva A, Vidal A, Qiu L, Vitkin E, Perelman LT, Melo CA, Lucci A, Ivan C, Calin GA, Kalluri R. Cancer exosomes perform cell-independent microRNA biogenesis and promote tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 2014; 26:707-21. [PMID: 25446899 PMCID: PMC4254633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1142] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted by all cell types and contain proteins and nucleic acids. Here, we report that breast cancer associated exosomes contain microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with the RISC-Loading Complex (RLC) and display cell-independent capacity to process precursor microRNAs (pre-miRNAs) into mature miRNAs. Pre-miRNAs, along with Dicer, AGO2, and TRBP, are present in exosomes of cancer cells. CD43 mediates the accumulation of Dicer specifically in cancer exosomes. Cancer exosomes mediate an efficient and rapid silencing of mRNAs to reprogram the target cell transcriptome. Exosomes derived from cells and sera of patients with breast cancer instigate nontumorigenic epithelial cells to form tumors in a Dicer-dependent manner. These findings offer opportunities for the development of exosomes based biomarkers and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A Melo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Joyce T O'Connell
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Noritoshi Kato
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - August Vidal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Le Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, and Department of Medicine, Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Edward Vitkin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, and Department of Medicine, Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lev T Perelman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, and Department of Medicine, Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Carlos A Melo
- Division of Gene Regulation, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Doctoral Programme in Biomedicine and Experimental Biology, Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anthony Lucci
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNAs, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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4
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LeBleu VS, O'Connell JT, Herrera KNG, Wikman H, Pantel K, Haigis MC, de Carvalho FM, Damascena A, Chinen LTD, Rocha RM, Asara JM, Kalluri R. Erratum: Corrigendum: PGC-1α mediates mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in cancer cells to promote metastasis. Nat Cell Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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5
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Fuller K, O'Connell JT, Gordon J, Mauti O, Eggenschwiler J. Rab23 regulates Nodal signaling in vertebrate left-right patterning independently of the Hedgehog pathway. Dev Biol 2014; 391:182-95. [PMID: 24780629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric fluid flow in the node and Nodal signaling in the left lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) drive left-right patterning of the mammalian body plan. However, the mechanisms linking fluid flow to asymmetric gene expression in the LPM remain unclear. Here we show that the small GTPase Rab23, known for its role in Hedgehog signaling, plays a separate role in Nodal signaling and left-right patterning in the mouse embryo. Rab23 is not required for initial symmetry breaking in the node, but it is required for expression of Nodal and Nodal target genes in the LPM. Microinjection of Nodal protein and transfection of Nodal cDNA in the embryo indicate that Rab23 is required for the production of functional Nodal signals, rather than the response to them. Using gain- and loss-of function approaches, we show that Rab23 plays a similar role in zebrafish, where it is required in the teleost equivalent of the mouse node, Kupffer׳s vesicle. Collectively, these data suggest that Rab23 is an essential component of the mechanism that transmits asymmetric patterning information from the node to the LPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Fuller
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Joyce T O'Connell
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Julie Gordon
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Olivier Mauti
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
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6
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Shen RR, Zhou AY, Kim E, O'Connell JT, Hagerstrand D, Beroukhim R, Hahn WC. TRAF2 is an NF-κB-activating oncogene in epithelial cancers. Oncogene 2013; 34:209-16. [PMID: 24362534 PMCID: PMC4067463 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant NF-κB activation is frequently observed in human cancers. Genome characterization efforts have identified genetic alterations in multiple components of the NF-κB pathway, some of which have been shown to be essential for cancer initiation and tumor maintenance. Here using patient tumors and cancer cell lines, we identify the NF-κB regulator, TRAF2 as an oncogene that is recurrently amplified and rearranged in 15% of human epithelial cancers. Suppression of TRAF2 in cancer cells harboring TRAF2 copy number gain inhibits proliferation, NF-κB activation, anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenesis. Cancer cells that are dependent on TRAF2 also require NF-κB for survival. The phosphorylation of TRAF2 at serine 11 is essential for the survival of cancer cells harboring TRAF2 amplification. Together these observations identify TRAF2 as a frequently amplified oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Shen
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [3] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Y Zhou
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [3] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - E Kim
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [3] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J T O'Connell
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [3] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D Hagerstrand
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [3] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R Beroukhim
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [3] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - W C Hahn
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [3] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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LeBleu VS, Teng Y, O'Connell JT, Charytan D, Müller GA, Müller CA, Sugimoto H, Kalluri R. Identification of human epididymis protein-4 as a fibroblast-derived mediator of fibrosis. Nat Med 2013; 19:227-31. [PMID: 23353556 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The functional contribution of myofibroblasts in fibrosis is not well understood. Using a new genetic mouse model to track and isolate myofibroblasts, we performed gene expression profiling followed by biological validation to identify HE4 (encoding human epididymis protein 4, also known as WAP 4-disulfide core domain-2 or Wfdc2) as the most upregulated gene in fibrosis-associated myofibroblasts. The HE4 gene encodes for a putative serine protease inhibitor that is upregulated in human and mouse fibrotic kidneys and is elevated in the serum of patients with kidney fibrosis. HE4 suppresses the activity of multiple proteases, including serine proteases and matrix metalloproteinases, and specifically inhibits their capacity to degrade type I collagen. In particular, we identified two serine proteases, Prss35 and Prss23, as HE4 targets with functional relevance in kidney fibrosis. Administration of HE4-neutralizing antibodies accelerated collagen I degradation and inhibited fibrosis in three different mouse models of renal disease. Collectively these studies suggest that HE4 is a potential biomarker of renal fibrosis and a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Matrix Biology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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O'Connell DJ, Ho JWK, Mammoto T, Turbe-Doan A, O'Connell JT, Haseley PS, Koo S, Kamiya N, Ingber DE, Park PJ, Maas RL. A Wnt-bmp feedback circuit controls intertissue signaling dynamics in tooth organogenesis. Sci Signal 2012; 5:ra4. [PMID: 22234613 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2002414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many vertebrate organs form through the sequential and reciprocal exchange of signaling molecules between juxtaposed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. We undertook a systems biology approach that combined the generation and analysis of large-scale spatiotemporal gene expression data with mouse genetic experiments to gain insight into the mechanisms that control epithelial-mesenchymal signaling interactions in the developing mouse molar tooth. We showed that the shift in instructive signaling potential from dental epithelium to dental mesenchyme was accompanied by temporally coordinated genome-wide changes in gene expression in both compartments. To identify the mechanism responsible, we developed a probabilistic technique that integrates regulatory evidence from gene expression data and from the literature to reconstruct a gene regulatory network for the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments in early tooth development. By integrating these epithelial and mesenchymal gene regulatory networks through the action of diffusible extracellular signaling molecules, we identified a key epithelial-mesenchymal intertissue Wnt-Bmp (bone morphogenetic protein) feedback circuit. We then validated this circuit in vivo with compound genetic mutations in mice that disrupted this circuit. Moreover, mathematical modeling demonstrated that the structure of the circuit accounted for the observed reciprocal signaling dynamics. Thus, we have identified a critical signaling circuit that controls the coordinated genome-wide expression changes and reciprocal signaling molecule dynamics that occur in interacting epithelial and mesenchymal compartments during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J O'Connell
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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9
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Nucci MR, O'Connell JT, Huettner PC, Cviko A, Sun D, Quade BJ. h-Caldesmon expression effectively distinguishes endometrial stromal tumors from uterine smooth muscle tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2001; 25:455-63. [PMID: 11257619 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200104000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Distinction of endometrial stromal neoplasms from cellular smooth muscle tumors of the uterus is sometimes difficult. Immunohistochemistry is often not helpful because muscle actins and desmin are expressed in both neoplasms. This study's goal was to determine whether h-caldesmon, a smooth muscle-specific isoform of a calcium, calmodulin, and actin binding protein, could effectively distinguish endometrial stromal tumors from uterine smooth muscle tumors. The authors analyzed immunohistochemical expression in 24 endometrial stromal neoplasms (21 sarcomas and three nodules), 29 leiomyosarcomas, 32 leiomyomas (10 "usual," 14 cellular leiomyoma, and eight "highly cellular" types), 40 myometria, and 25 endometria. h-Caldesmon was diffusely positive in all myometria, leiomyomata, and leiomyosarcomas. Of note, 16 leiomyosarcomas (55%) were positive for h-caldesmon in more than 50% of tumor cells. In five "highly cellular" leiomyomas, h-caldesmon expression was markedly decreased or absent in areas morphologically resembling endometrial stromal tumors, raising the possibility that these tumors may be mixed smooth muscle-endometrial stromal neoplasms. In contrast, h-caldesmon expression was absent in all endometria and endometrial stromal neoplasms apart from accompanying small vessels. Desmin was diffusely positive in all myometria and leiomyomata. The fraction of cells expressing desmin was greater than that of h-caldesmon in only 10% of leiomyosarcomas. Focal desmin expression was also present in eight of 25 (32%) endometria and 12 of 24 (50%) endometrial stromal neoplasms. h-Caldesmon appears to be a more sensitive and specific marker of smooth muscle differentiation in the uterus than desmin and may be a useful tool for distinguishing and classifying uterine mesenchymal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Nucci
- Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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10
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O'Connell JT, Mutter GL, Cviko A, Nucci M, Quade BJ, Kozakewich HP, Neffen E, Sun D, Yang A, McKeon FD, Crum CP. Identification of a basal/reserve cell immunophenotype in benign and neoplastic endometrium: a study with the p53 homologue p63. Gynecol Oncol 2001; 80:30-6. [PMID: 11136566 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2000.6026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metaplastic differentiation, including squamous, mucinous, and tubal (ciliated), is common in both benign and neoplastic endometrium, and the cell of origin for this pathway is poorly understood. In this study, expression of a marker for basal and reserve cells in cervical squamous mucosa, designated p63, was investigated in a spectrum of endometrial alterations. METHODS One hundred ninety different endometria from 132 patients were examined, including fetal (6), premenarchal (3), benign cyclic (29) and noncyclic (54), hyperplastic (14), and neoplastic (93) endometrial glandular epithelia. The latter included conventional endometrioid carcinomas with and without mucinous, ciliated, and squamous metaplasia, and uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC). RESULTS p63 expression was identified in basal/subcolumnar cells in the fetal endometrium in a distribution similar to that in basal/reserve cells of the cervix. Staining was confined to individual scattered basal and suprabasal cells in cycling endometrium. In polyps and postmenopausal endometria, focal clusters of p63-positive cells were identified in inactive glands or surface epithelium. Metaplastic (squamous or mucinous) epithelia, either alone or in conjunction with hyperplasias or carcinomas, exhibited the most intense staining, primarily in basal or subcolumnar cells. In some cases, immediately adjacent nonmetaplastic columnar epithelium also stained positive. UPSCs contained only rare scattered p63-positive cells. CONCLUSIONS Cells with a basal or reserve cell phenotype exist in the endometrium during fetal life, are not conspicuous during the reproductive years, but may emerge during shifts in differentiation. Whether these cells signify specialized multipotential endometrial cells is not clear, but the similarity of these cells to basal/reserve cells of the cervix and their association with neoplasia merit further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T O'Connell
- Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Riethdorf L, O'Connell JT, Riethdorf S, Cviko A, Crum CP. Differential expression of MUC2 and MUC5AC in benign and malignant glandular lesions of the cervix uteri. Virchows Arch 2000; 437:365-71. [PMID: 11097361 DOI: 10.1007/s004280000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The expression of mucin genes in the normal glandular epithelium of the endocervix has been well characterized. However, mucin gene expression in neoplastic or particular non-neoplastic glandular cervical lesions has not been addressed. This immunohistochemical study was carried out to analyze the expression of MUC2 and MUC5AC in neoplastic and non-neoplastic glandular lesions of the cervix. Monoclonal antibodies were used on paraffin-embedded sections from 41 adenocarcinomas, 2 adenosquamous carcinomas, 13 adenocarcinomas in situ (ACIS), 3 glandular dysplasias, 8 endometrioses, 5 tubal metaplasias, 17 squamous metaplasias, 3 microglandular hyperplasias and normal tissue of the endocervix, endometrium and fallopian tube. The patterns of expression of MUC2 and MUC5AC were different and in principle contrary. Focal MUC2 expression was observed almost exclusively in neoplastic lesions (36%) and not in normal epithelia and non-neoplastic lesions, the one notable exception being immature metaplasia. In contrast, strong expression of MUC5AC was observed in both normal endocervical epithelium (100%) and neoplastic lesions (73%). The expression of MUC5AC, however, was diminished in most neoplastic glandular lesions. Co-expression of MUC2 and MUC5AC was consistently documented in the lesions with intestinal differentiation. In contrast, cases of tubal metaplasia and endometriosis were negative for MUC2 and MUC5AC. These results indicate that discrimination of mucin gene expression may be helpful in discriminating lesions of the cervix.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Riethdorf
- Abteilung für Gynäkopatholoige, Univ.-Frauenklinik, Hamburg, Germany
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Abstract
Mucinous carcinomas of the breast, so-called colloid carcinomas, exhibit better prognoses than their nonmucinous breast counterparts. This biological difference exhibited by mucinous breast carcinomas prompted us to examine the relationship of mucin expression to colloid carcinoma histogenesis. We studied 50 colloid carcinomas, 50 noncolloid cancers, and 50 normal breasts by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Alcian blue staining, mucin immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization with a battery of MUC riboprobes, and ancillary digital image analysis. We observed luminal mucin in normal ducts in 80% of colloid carcinomas compared with 10% of noncolloid carcinomas and 6% of normal breasts (P < .01). In the cases of colloid carcinoma that showed mucin-filled ducts, luminal mucin was observed in 40% of the normal ducts and acini, 40% to 75% of the ducts involved by hyperplasia, atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), respectively, and in 50% of the co-incidental areas of cysts (mucoceles), adenosis, fibroadenoma, and intraductal papilloma (P < .01). Immunohistochemistry showed that colloid carcinomas showed strong MUC2 cytoplasmic immunoreactivity and decreased MUC1 immunoreactivity compared with noncolloid carcinomas. In situ hybridization studies indicated fivefold increased MUC2 signals and twofold increased MUC5 signals within adjacent and remote normal epithelium in only the colloid carcinoma cases (P < .01; P < .05). In these cases of colloid carcinoma, these increased MUC2 and MUC5 signals were also observed in areas of hyperplasia, ADH, DCIS, and invasive carcinoma. In contrast, the noncolloid carcinomas showed fivefold increased MUC1 signals but no increases in MUC2 or MUC5. In mixed colloid/noncolloid carcinomas, the colloid areas had identical mucin expression patterns as the pure colloid carcinomas, but there was a loss of MUC2 and MUC5 expression and a gain of MUC1 expression in the noncolloid areas that was therefore identical to the pattern observed in pure noncolloid carcinoma. In this study, we conclude that the altered expression of mucin so characteristic of colloid carcinoma is also a field change present in adjacent and remote normal breast epithelium.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology
- Breast/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma in Situ/metabolism
- Carcinoma in Situ/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Female
- Fibroadenoma/metabolism
- Fibroadenoma/pathology
- Fibrocystic Breast Disease/metabolism
- Fibrocystic Breast Disease/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Hyperplasia
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
- In Situ Hybridization
- Mucins/genetics
- Mucins/metabolism
- Mucocele/metabolism
- Mucocele/pathology
- Papilloma, Intraductal/metabolism
- Papilloma, Intraductal/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- J T O'Connell
- Department of Pathology and UCLA/Revlon Breast Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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Shao ZM, Nguyen M, Alpaugh ML, O'Connell JT, Barsky SH. The human myoepithelial cell exerts antiproliferative effects on breast carcinoma cells characterized by p21WAF1/CIP1 induction, G2/M arrest, and apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 1998; 241:394-403. [PMID: 9637781 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1998.4066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS) is surrounded by a layer of myoepithelial cells. Our previous studies have suggested that these myoepithelial cells exert paracrine tumor-suppressive effects on invasion of breast carcinoma cells. Conditioned medium (CM), concentrated 10-100x of HMS-1, HMS-3, and HMS-4, human myoepithelial cell lines, block Matrigel invasion of a series of carcinoma cell lines. Immunoprecipitation of maspin, a recently described serpin, from these CM abolishes this anti-invasive effect. Both CM and maspin-immunoprecipitated CM, however, exert equal antiproliferative effects on a series of ER+ and ER- cell lines including MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468. These antiproliferative effects are characterized by induction of a G2/M arrest, a twofold increase in p21(WAF1/CIP1) transcription and expression, and a threefold increase in apoptosis in the breast carcinoma lines examined. The antiproliferative effects mediated by myoepithelial cell CM do not manifest themselves in an autocrine manner, are not mediated by TGF-beta1, nor involve ER- or p53-dependent pathways. Neither the antiproliferative nor the anti-invasive effects of myoepithelial cell CM is observed with nonmyoepithelial cell CM. The in vitro observations of our present study may have relevance in explaining the increased degree of apoptosis exhibited by DCIS cells in vivo. Our findings illustrate another way myoepithelial cells function as natural paracrine tumor suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Shao
- Department of Pathology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, 90024, USA
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O'Connell JT. Correspondence Re: Farber E: Cell proliferation is not a major risk factor for cancer. Mod Pathol 9:606, 1996. Mod Pathol 1996; 9:1092-3. [PMID: 8933524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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O'Connell JT, Henderson AR. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase revisited. J Natl Med Assoc 1984; 76:1135-6, 1139, 1143. [PMID: 6502728 PMCID: PMC2609771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hemolytic diseases associated with drugs have been recognized since antiquity. Many of these anemias have been associated with oxidizing agents and deficiencies in the intraerythrocytic enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. This paper outlines the discovery, prevalence, and variants of this enzyme. Methods of diagnosis of associated anemias are offered.
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